011757   Bracco S.p.A. (NO, , Via E. Folli, 50 Milano, Italy) : Process for the preparation of 5H, 9bH-2a, 4a, 7, 9a-octahydro-tetraazacycloocta [ed] pentalene. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

011756   American Cynamid Company (NO, , Five Giralda Farms, Madison, New Jersey 07940 0874, USA) : Process for the manufacture of a pyridine-2, 3-dicarboxylate derivative. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

011755   Wrenn C (NO, Systems Inc, 1339 Moffett Park Drive, Synntvole, CA 94089) : Measuring heat transfer fluids with a photo ionization detector. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(8), 79, 81-2.

Because of the high toxicity of some heat transfer fluids, it is desirable to measure them for leak detection and to assure that levels are low enough to allow workers to operate safely. Photo Ionization Detectors (PIDs) are very sensitive to the compounds that make up many heat transfer fluids and offer an effective means of providing real-time measurement for worker health and safety and for leak detection.

4 illus, 4 ref

011754   Vedalakshmi R;Rengaswamy N S (Corrosion Science and Engineering Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006) : Quality assurance tests for corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement. Indian Concr J 2000, 74(4), 191-6.

Enhancement of durability of reinforcement concrete (RC) structures in marine environment, different protective systems, namely coating to steel/concrete surface, corrosion resistant rebars, addition of inhibitor admixtures, etc are adopted. The efficiency of each system should be ensured by conducting appropriate quality assurance tests. 

4 illus, 9 tables, 24 ref

011753   Tiwary S K;Jha C N;Khan A J;Verma A K;Gope N; Mohanty O N (Research and Development Division, , Tata Steel, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Development of interstitial free steels at Tata Steel. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2001, 54(3), 117-23.

Low carbon (<126>0.02%) Al-killed steels are the conventional grade for producing cold rolled extra deep drawing (EDD) sheet. However they possess low drawability as compared with interstitial free steels. Their typical r values are 1.6 as against <126>2.0 in interstitial free steel. Till about two years back, the requirement of interstitial free steel grade for stringent drawing application in India was met through import only. Describes the development and production of interstitial free steels. Two grades of interstitial free steels (Nb-stabilised and Ti-stabilised) were developed through LD-RH-Slab Caster route. Prior to commercial hot rolling, the deformation and transformation behaviour of the steels at different cooling rates were determined using Gleeble-1500 Thermo-Mechanical Simulator. At strain rate of 1 s^-1, Nb stabilised grade was found to start transforming to ferrite below 900°C and the transformation finishes at 840°C. Based on the study, hot rolling parameters were selected. Hot rolled strips were found to be free from interstitials. TEM revealed only coarse precipitates of carbide and carbosulphides. The hot rolled strips were subsequently cold rolled and annealed in laboratory to establish annealing parameters. Subsequently, cold rolled strips were commercially annealed in batch annealing furnace..

7 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

011752   Thangavel K;Balasubramanian T M;Rengaswamy N S (NO, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006) : Fixing of chloride in concrete using admixtures. Indian Concr J 2000, 74(4), 203-06.

Studies were conducted with different amounts of admixture, namely 5 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent by weight of cement. It was concluded that aluminium oxide may effectively reduce the free chloride content in concrete and thereby reduce the risk of reinforcement corrosion.

3 tables, 13 ref

011751   Srikanth G (Department of Technology, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIAC), Technology Bhavan, New Delhi-110 016) : Membrane separation processes - technology and business opportunities. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(5), 55-66.

Addresses different membrane products and processes in terms of their state of development, and technical and economic relevance. Critical needs in terms of basic and applied reseach, product application, market development efforts and customer education for further growth of the membrane industry are also covered.

3 illus, 3 tables

011750   Shah P V;Shah V (Linde Process Technologies India Limited, , 38, Nutan Bharat Society, Alkapuri, Baroda-390 007) : Recovery of valuable gases by pressure swing adsorption process. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(3), 53-5,57.

Recovery of valuable gases from plant off gases or other gas mixtures can play very important role to improve the productivity and profitability of the industries. Hence, industries are keenly looking for a appropriate gas separation process, which is highly reliable and economical.

2 illus

011749   Saxena S K (Kvaerner Powergas India Ltd, , Powergas House, P.O. Box 9789, 177, Vidyanagari Marg, Kalina, Mumbai-400 098) : Process vessel (Vapour-liquid separator) sizing when degassing criteria controls the design. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(3), 167-8,170.

It is important that vessel (vapour-liquid separator) design should be checked for all duties it is required to perform during operation because uninterrupted and trouble free operation of several critical equipment largely depends upon the adequacy of vessel design. Degassing of vapour bubbles, trapped in the liquid pool unable to escape, leads to problems in liquid pumping. This phenomena is normally observed in case of moderate viscosity liquids and higher liquid to gas ratio feed requires separation. Therefore, it is important that design should be checked for degassing criteria also.

011748   Satam S B (NO, Ion Exchange (India) Ltd, Tiecicon House, Dr E Moses Road, Mahalaxmi, Mumbai-400 011) : Water management in the fertiliser industry. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(5), 47-9.

Water management is the key to meeting the growing need to conserve the scarce water resources and protect the environment. Water management involves an integrated approach to water treatment, waste water treatment, water recycle and product recovery. However, water recycle being a new concept, analyses waste water recycle in the fertiliser industry.

011747   Ravichandran V (NO, Enviro Energy Systems, 40, Lake view Road, West Mambalam, Chennai-600 033) : Composting - only solution to high strength BOD waste. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(5), 77-9.

Composting is a fermentation process that gives zero effluent discharge solution to distillery effluent problems. Discusses compost yard formation and the daily routine for composting. It covers the important aspects of operating a composting facility. The emphasis is laid on fundamentals and by understanding these fundamentals, operators can diagnose and correct problems as they arise.

2 illus, 1 table

011746   Ramachandra Rao H G;Guptha M P (NO, Regional Dairy Science College, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024) : Application of computers and information technology in food industry. Indian Fd Ind 2001, 20(5), 42-7.

^iia2 illus, 17 ref

011745   Rajopadhye M V;Hima P R;Syal R K (NO, High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Sutarwadi, Pune-411 021) : Recovery of acetic acid from spent liquor of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine plant. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(5), 81-6.

Concept of recovery and reuse of new materials as well as byproducts has gained momentum in recent years to achieve cost effectiveness. High Energy Materials Research Laboratory has developed a technology for effluent treatment and recovery of acetic acid from the effluent of Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine (HMX) plant.

011744   Pathak J P;Mohan S;Gupta R C (Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Meta. Engg., Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Advances in near net shape components manufacturing foundry techniques. Proc XVI Natn Con Prod Engr-Emerging Trends in Mfg 2002, (Jan 19-20), 389-96.

Highlights the developments in liquid metal manufacturing techniques which affect the solidification leading to near-net shape casting. A variety of foundry techniques have been developed to manufacture near-net shape components. A concise account of sand and metallic mould castings have been discussed with respect to their salient features and advances.

9 illus, 30 ref

011743   Parks S B;Schillmoller C M (Greene & Associates, Inc, , 4925 Greenville Avenue, Suite 1130, Dallas, Texas 75206) : Alloy selection for ethylene furnaces. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(3), 177-84.

Ethylene product selectivity and yield improvements were derived by using better alloys which permitted raising the temperature, shortening the residence time and lowering the pressure drop in the cracking coils. Tube skin temperatures now reach as high as 1950°F to 2100°F. Performance of alloys for the furnace tubing depends on good creep strength, carburization resistance, a stable protective oxide layer, high temperature ductility, proper operation and maintenance. The metallurgical properties of cast HP-Mod and speciality high Ni-Cr-Si alloys have been enhanced substantially. Much can still be done by improving the design and assembly, avoiding points of stress build-up, careful start-up and shutdown procedures increasing run lengths between de-coking and in general, maintaining good furnace operation and prudent maintenance procedure. While many of the modifications of the basic 25 per cent Cr to 35 per cent Ni alloy with Si, Mn, Nb, Mo, W, Ti, Zr and rare earths are proprietary, they have been copied with minor variations by other suppliers. Beneficial operating considerations include utilising a high steam hydrocarbon ratio, control of contaminants in the feedstock and introduction of sulphur compounds.

7 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

011742   Nagarathinam D (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai-623 806) : Design of cryogenic process cycle for liquefaction of hydrogen at 20K using collins cycle. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(1), 65-8.

Hydrogen application in the field of civil aviation, highways and rail transportation has been considered. Nowadays, liquid hydrogen is used as fuel in space research. The use of liquid hydrogen as a rocket fuel attracted the attention of the researchers because its low density results in high velocity in the exhaust gases from the rocket nozzle.

4 illus, 14 ref

011741   Mullick A K (Saurashtra Cement Ltd, , 7th Floor, Pelican Building, Near Gujarat Chambers of Commerce, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-380 009) : Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete - an interactive durability problem. Indian Concr J 2000, 74(4), 168-76.

Discusses the factors responsible for corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures in hot weather conditions. Possible effects of ever increasing atmospheric pollution in urban centers on the incidence of corrosion of steel in concrete are also discussed. Recommendations are given which can reduce the probability of occurrence of reinforcement corrosion.

6 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

011740   Mishra S;Rai T (Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001) : Milk fat: a boon or bane in human nutrition. Indian Dairyman 2001, 53(12), 55-7.

Milk fat, similar to other dietary fats, serves as a concentrated source of energy and due to presence of short chain fatty acids, it gets easily digested and assimilated in the body. It can be asserted that milk fat becomes an essential component due to its high nutritional and biochemical properties.

15 ref

011739   Mishra M B;Mann S (Project & Development India Ltd, , A-14, Sector 1, Noida-201 301) : Corrosion mitigation measures in design of reinforced concrete. Indian Concr J 2000, 74(4), 177-84.

Attempt to provide the measures available in design to mitigate the effects of corrosion. Traditional measures are not covered in detail and the newer technologies and materials are featured. Emphasis is placed on reporting the findings of eminent international organisations such as NACE International, American Concrete Institute (ACI) as well as independent corrosion specialists and research scientists. This serves to provide a broad consensual point of view on the efficacy of various alternate materials of construction designed to mitigate corrosion.

4 illus, 20 ref

011738   Mayor S (NO, Permionics (India) Ltd, E-2 Industrial Estate, Gorwa, Baroda-390 016) : Colour removal from distillery effluents. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(7), 129-32.

Membrane Technology has advanced leaps and bounds in terms of membrane chemistry development as well as applicability of membranes in industry.

2 illus, 2 tables

011737   Mandal K;Mazumdar D (Department of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Role of vessel aspect ratio on fluid flow and mixing phenomena in CAS steelmaking operation : a physical and mathematical model study. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2001, 54(3), 105-15.

Two phase, combined Lagrangian-Eulerian approach has been adopted to model axi-symmetric submerged gas injection operation in CAS (composition adjustment through sealed argon bubbling) alloy addition procedure. The motion of the gas phase has been computed numerically in a Lagrangian field in the form of trajectories of a steady stream of bubbles, while the liquid flow fields together with the associated level of fluid turbulence were calculated in a routine manner via the Eulerian scheme. Furthermore, to solve the Eulerian and Lagrangian field equations numerically, a sequential iterative calculation procedure, incorporating the SIMPLE alogirthm was applied. Embodying the predicted steady state flows and turbulence parameters distribution in the system, mixing times were calculated numerically through solution of a species conservation equation together with the associated boundary conditions.

8 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

011736   Kobrin G;Lilly J;Mac Diarmid J;Moniz B (NO, Nickel Development Institute, 214 King Street West - Suite 510, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3S6) : Effective use of stainless steels for chemical process eqipment. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(7), 81-8.

Provides practical guidance on ten issues most often raised by designers, plant engineers and maintenance people on stainless steels in process equipment applications. These issues are often the key to successful operation of plant equipment.

2 tables

011735   Khotpal R R;Shingwekar P B;Kulkarni A S; Bhakare H A (Department of Oil/Paint Technology, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 010) : Composition of Charoli and Kaju seed oils. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2001, 27(2), 57-8.

Oils from Charoli (Buchania lanzen, Anacardaceae) and Kaju (Annacardium occidentale, Anacardaceae) seeds have been studied for physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition by GLC. The seeds had oil contents of 39.9 and 39.8 percent and moisture contents of 5.6 and 6.8 percent respectively. The seed oils had specific gravity of 0.9273, 0.9172; refractive index 1.4712, 1.4729 and colour of 23 and 19 units respectively. They also had acid value of 15.3, 3.8' iodine value 61.3, 76.8; saponification value 194.8 and 186.2 respectively. The major fatty acids present were palmitic, stearic, pleic and linoleic acids.

1 table, 7 ref

011734   Ishwar Chandra (Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, , Pune-411 008) : Techno-economic feasibility of glycerol manufacture by fermentation of molasses. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(1), 71-4.

Molasses, a by-product of lesser value from the sugar industry, is available in plenty in India. If fermentation of molasses is done according to the Cocking and Lilly process, it can be a potential source for glycerol manufacture. Based on a glycerol recovery process, developed at National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, from the fermented molasses, a techno-economic feasibility analysis has been worked out for a plant of capacity 1000 TPA of glycerol.

4 tables, 6 ref

011733   Haboubi L;Ramesh M N (Fosroc International, , (ME), Dubai, UAE) : Concrete repair specifications - revisited. Indian Concr J 2000, 74(4), 197-201.

Discusses how electrochemical repairs of reinforced concrete structures are proving to be highly effective in terms of durability, life-cycle costing and the ability to extend concrete protection beyond the boundaries of localised patch repairs. These types of repairs are thus considered by a number of experts to be the `new generation' of concrete repair techniques.

4 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

011732   Fleshman J;Mc evoy L J;Vakil T;Khurana V (NO, Perryville corporate Park, Clinton, New Jersey 08809-4000, USA) : New hydrogen plant design achieves low cost and high efficiency. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(7), 61-5.

The Compagnia Hidrogeno de Paraguana (CHP) plant was completed 2 months ahead of schedule and under budget. It is currently delivering upto 50 MMSCFD of high-purity hydrogen to Padvsa's Paraguana Refining Centre in Venezuela. This article details about the achievement of low cost and high efficiency in this hydrogen plant through new design.

7 illus

011731   Fischer O;Kuszlik A (Sulzer-chemtech, Fractional Crystallization Industriestrasse, , 8/P.O. Box, CH-9470 Buchs, Switzerland) : Crystallization without solvent. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(1), 79-81,84.

Chemical industry is subjected to increasing pressure to improve economic performance. Falling-film crystallization proves that both requirements, i.e., environmental compatibility and high economic performance, can be met simultaneously. Using this process, organic substances can be purified without solvent. Falling-film crystallization features, in addition, high separation efficiency, reliability and a broad range of applications.

5 illus

011730   Das B;Prakash S;Reddy P S R (Regional Research Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Res, , Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Recovery of magnetite fines from sponge iron sludge and preparation of colloidal magnetite from hematite fines by precipitation in presence of poly vinyl alcohol. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2001, 54(3), 91-8.

Two waste materials viz., sludge and iron ore fines generated at a sponge iron plant were taken up with a view to utilize the same. The recovery of magnetite fines from the sludge was studied by using the conventional beneficiation techniques such as hydrocyclone, tabling and magnetic separation. The results indicate that magnetite fines with 59% Fe, can be obtained by low intensity magnetic separator or the combination of hydrocyclone and magnetic separator from the sludge containing <126>27% Fe. The iron ore fines, the other waste material generated at the plant, was upgraded to 67.5% Fe by a simple flow sheet involving conventional screening at two different sizes. The below 100 μm size fraction (screen rejects) was utilized for the preparation of colloidal magnetite by precipitation technique and stabilized in the presence of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). The magnetite could be well dispersed in presence of 1.2 wt% of PVA. The results obtained during the coarse of the investigation are discussed.

6 illus, 6 tables, 7 ref

011729   Chandrawat M P S;Yadav R N (Department of Chemistry, R R (P G) College, Alwar-301 001) : Effect of sodium carbonate on some properties of magnesia cement. J Indian Chem Soc 2001, 78(8), 389-91.

Incorporation of sodium carbonate in magnesia cement affects setting differently but improves strength and durability of the product.

3 tables, 6 ref

011728   Bruno T V;Craig B D;McHaney J H (Metallurgical Consultants, Inc, , 4820, Caroline, Houston, TX 77004, USA) : Welding and inspection of carbon steel equipment for sour service. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(3), 171-4,176.

Development of standard industry requirements for sour service pressure-containment components could have a very positive impact on all parties concerned with design, procurement, manufacture, construction, operation and maintenance of sour service systems. Technical committees responsible for the industry standards for carbon steel components and fabrication should prepared and publish recommended practices.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

011727   Bodas M G;Mathur S B (Non-Ferrous Process Division, National Metallurgical Laboratory, , Jamshedpur-831 007) : Treatment of vanadium pentoxide, plant effluent by ion exchange process. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2001, 54(3), 131-6.

8 illus, 6 tables, 7 ref

011726   Blough J L;Seitz W W (NO, Foster Wheeler Development Corporation, 12 Peach Tree Hill Road, Livingston, NJ 07039) : Fireside corrosion testing of candidate superheater tube alloys, coatings, and claddings - Phase II. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(8), 65-8, 71-3.

In Phase I of this project, laboratory experiments were performed on a variety of developmental and commercial tubing alloys and claddings by exposing them to fireside corrosion tests which simulated a superheater or reheater in a coalfired boiler. Phase II (in situ testing) has exposed samples of 347, RA85H, HR3C, RA253MA, Fe₃Al+5Cr, 310 modified, NF 709, 690 clad, 671 clad, and 800HT for upto approximately 16,000 hours to the actual operating conditions of a 250MW, coalfired boiler. The samples were installed on air cooled, retractable corrosion probes, installed in the reheater cavity, and controlled to the operating metal temperatures of an existing and advanced cycle, coal fired boiler. Samples of each alloy were exposed for 4483, 11,348 and 15,883 hours of operation. The present results are for the metallurgical examination of the corrosion probe samples after approximately the full 15,883 hours of exposure. A previous topical report has been issed for the 4483 hours of exposure.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

011725   Bhirud Y B;Shetty S S (RIECO Industries Ltd, , 1262/2, Shivaji Nagar, Behind Observatory, Pune-411 005) : Role of classification in powder coating paint production. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(1), 61-2.

Electrostatic spraying, cyclone classifier is added between air classifying mill and filter. This enables reduced amount of fine particles, better quality products as well as uniform flow of particles size reduction in the range of 10 to 80 microns. More fines in the product causes difficulties in flowability resulting in an inefficient transport from the feed hopper to spray gun. It is known that too small particles will not deposit uniformly on the part to be coated, so, some fine particles below 10 microns are to be separated by classification.

1 illus, 2 ref

011724   Bath P K;Narpinder Singh (Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005) : Effect of microwave heating on hydroxymethylfurfural formation and browning in Helianthus annuus and Eucalyptus lanceolatus honey. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(4), 366-8.

Effect of microwave heating on Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation and colour development, measured as absorbance in Helianthus annuus and Eucalyptus lanceolatus was studied using regression analysis. Formation of HMF and absorbance increased with the increase in microwave power levels and duration of heating. However, microwave power levels showed a greater effect. Both the honey types differed significantly with respect to HMF formation and absorbance under similar microwave heating conditions. Helianthus annuus showed higher HMF formation and absorbance value as compared to Eucalyptus lanceolatus under similar microwave heating conditions. The regression models for HMF formation and absorbance were significant at p<60> 0.00 level and showed R² values in the range of 91.5-94.4%. The models developed can be used as a tool to predict changes in colour and HMF content of honey during microwave heating.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

011723   Aras V M;Sures K (NO, , 4A, Priya Park, Elora Park, Vadodara) : Adoption of cleaner technologies for manufacturing H-acid. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(5), 51-4.

In the last two decades, manufacturing base of H-acid and other dye intermediates has shifted from European countries to Eastern/South East Asia countries due to pollution associated with these products and the stringent norms prevailing in the western world. Hence it is necessary to limit the pollution load associated with H-acid manufacture and recover/recycle maximum possible quantum. Discusses recovery and recycling of useful chemicals from the effluents generated at various stages in the process of H-acid manufacturing.

4 illus

011722   Al Tawil Y A;Dawoud U M (Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21413, South Arabria) : Characterisation of the adsorption of malachite green dye from dilute aqueous soltion by activated carbon. Chem Engng Wld 1999, 34(5), 87-92.

Presented a study of the adsorption of malachite green dye from aqueous solution on activated carbon. In this process, three different types of commerical grade activated carbo were used and the adsorption isotherms at temperatures ranging from 22°C to 65°C were obtained experimentally. The data were found to fit reasonably well to the Freundlich isotherm, the differences between the three types being slight. The activation energy of the adsorption process was determined to be 2.96 kcal/mol indicating that the adsorption is physical in nature. The adsorptive capacity of granular active carbon (GAC) was calculated from the breakthrough curve at 80.7 mg dye/g carbon. The breakthrough times of one and five mg dye/l effluent concentration were 2.4 and 3.4 hours respectively with initial dye concentration of 100 mg/l and flow rate of 130 ml/min. The average particle diameter of GAC was 1.5 mm.

9 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

011721   Ahmad S;Basavaraja L R;Bhattacharjee B (Civil Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110 025) : Design procedures for cathodic protection systems for RC members. Indian Concr J 2000, 74(4), 208-13.

Design of cathodic protection systems has been proposed for corroding rebars embedded in concrete. Using the proposed procedure, a sacrificial anode system and an impressed current system have been designed. Cathodic protection systems so designed have been applied to corroded rebars in laboratory cast concrete beams. Calcium Chloride was admixed in the concrete used for casting the beams to induce corrosion of rebar. The electrochemical indicators of corrosion, namely, half-cell potential or corrosion potential Ecorr, Stern-Geary constant, B, and corrosion current density, Icorr, were measured before application of the cathodic protection systems. The designed cathodic protection systems have been applied to the above rebars to demonstrates the applicability of the proposed procedures.

8 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

011720   Acharya C;Kar R N;Sukla L B (Regional Research Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Resea, , Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Microbial extraction of manganese from low grade manganese ore. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2001, 54(3), 99-103.

Low grade manganese ore collected from Joda East Manganese mines of Orissa was subjected to leaching with an indigenous fungal culture, Penicillium citrinum, isolated from the top soil of the same mines. It was found that an extraction of 64.58% of manganese was obtained under the following conditions : particle size, 45 microns; pulp density 2% (w/v); sucrose conc. 10% (w/v); inoculum size 10% (v/v) and duration 30 days.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

010646   Sinha N B (NO, , Vill-Kharor, P.O. Mohati, Via-Heria, Dt-Midnapore-721 430, West Bengal) : Process for preparation of composition of chelates for detoxification of toxic elegenets poisoning in environmental pollutions in human, animal and to some extent in plant Kingdom. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010645   Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V (NO, , Carel Van Bylandtlaan 30, 2596 HR, The Hague, Netherland) : Improved process for the manufacture of selectively hydrogenated conjugated diolefin polymers. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010644   L'Air Liquide (NO, , 75, Qui D'orsary - 75321, Paris Cedex 07, France) : Process and apparatus for the production of impure oxygen. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010643   E.I. Du Pont De Numours and Company (NO, , States of Delaware, USA) : Process for producing a dialkalimetal salt of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010642   Degussa Huls Ag (NO, , DE-45764 Marl, Germany) : Granules based on pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxide and method of preparation thereof. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010641   Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited (NO, , Ashmore House, Stocktom-on-Tees, Cleveland TSIS 3RD, England) : Apparatus and a process for the manufacture of granulated slag. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010640   Subbaiah V;Sumathi S (Postgraduate and Research Centre, College of Home Science, A.N.G.R. Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030) : Effect of different methods of processing on phytate phosphorus and minerals in green gram (Phaseolus aureus) and Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum). J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2001, 20(2), 105-09.

Effect of heat treatment of different temperatures, incubation at different pH levels, soaking and germination for different periods on the level of phytate phosphorus, calcium magnesium, zinc and iron in green gram (Phaseolus aureus) and bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) was studied. All the treatments reduced the phytate levels of these two legumes, but to different extent. No significant difference was found between the treatment with respect to changes in phytates and minerals. However, germination and pH treatment were found to be more effective than soaking and heat treatment.

4 tables, 13 ref

010639   Sengupta P P;Behera R C (Research and Development Centre for Iron & Steel, SAIL, Rourkela Centr, , Rourkela-769 011) : Prediction of transfer bar temperature drop with experimental heat shield module at hot strip mill of Rourkela steel plant. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2000, 53(6), 581-9.

Self designed re-radiating type heat shield module of 1 m length with AISI 310 stainless steel and ceramic fibre was installed on delay table of hot strip mill at Rourkela Steel Plant and its short and long term performances were studied. A panel equilibrium temp. of 782°C was achieved for a bar of 1280 mm width at a panel height of 350 mm. The transfer bar thermography without and with the heat shield was estimated by mathematical modelling. An average temperature gain of 25°C for the transfer bar has been predicted with the installation of full length heart shield on top surface of the delay table. An average decrease of run down temperature by 18°C for the transfer bar has also been predicted with the use of top panels.

4 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

010638   Sanghi R;Bhattacharya B (Facility for Ecological and Analytical Testing (FEAT), IIT, Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016) : Biodegradable adsorbent for efficient decolourisation of reactive dye solution. Asian Text J 2001, (NULL), 67-71.

Dry radish leaves was investigated and compared with granular activated carbon for its ability to decolourise remazol violet dye solution. Batch pH, kinetic and isotherm studies were performed on a laboratory scale with the reactive dye solution. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is such more efficient than granular activated carbon (GAC) and untreated radish leaves (RL) as adsorbent also compared favourably with GAC. Infact at lower doses, RL was found to be much better than GAC at pH 2.5. The adsorption capacities of GAC and RL were found to be 13.59 and 40 mg/g respectively.

7 illus, 8 ref

010637   Saha S K (Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734 430) : Polymerization of acrylamide in the layered space of montmorillonite. J Indian Chem Soc 2001, 78(9), 468-71.

Polymerization of accylamide by Ce^IV-EDTa redox couple has been studied by loading Ce^IV ions in the interlayer space of montmorillonite. Linear termination by CE^IV ions is controlled resulting in the considerable enhancement of chain growth. Kinetics of the polymerization reaction have been investigated an mechanism of the reaction is discussed.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

010636   Raghavan V (Emeritus Professor (IIT Delhi), , 7/1, Jaganathan Road, Chennai-600 034) : Martensitic transformation in Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-X alloys at subzero temperatures. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2000, 53(6), 597-603.

In Fe-Ni alloys the martensitic transformation changes from the isothermal mode to the burst mode in a narrow composition range around 29 at % Ni. An analysis of the kinetics of the isothermal tail that follows the burst in an Fe-28, 4Ni-0.2Mn (at %) alloy indicates that the extrapolated isothermal transformation rates in alloy with larger Ni contents are two slow to be observable experimentally. For the burst transformation, it is found that the critical driving force at Mb decreases some what with increasing Ni. This effect appears to be associated with the decreasing shear modulus of austenite with increasing Ni in this invaranomaly range. Addition of a third element X (X=Cr, Mo,Mn) increases appreciably the driving force at Mb. The a thermal barrier coefficients in all Fe-Ni-X alloys (except for X=Co) are large and are consistently higher than those obtained by Ghosh and Olson for athermal transformation from paramagnetic austenite. It is likely that the ferromagnetic austenite causes additional interfacial friction during the transformation.

9 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

010635   Puranik D B (Department of Dairy Science, Veterinary College, UAS(D), Bidar-585 401) : Technological studies on the production of rasogolla from recombined milk. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2001, 20(2), 127-30.

Attempts were made to develop a suitable technology for the production of rasgolla from recommended milk chhana. Recombined milk was prepared by blending skin milk powder obtained from cow milk and butteriol. Different proportions of recombined milk were prepared by blending with fresh cow milk. Rasgolla was prepared from each lot of recombined milk chhana. Results obtained indicated that chhana prepared from pure recombined milk was not acceptable, whereas rasgolla prepared from pure recombined milk was acceptable in all sensory attributes indicating the effect of sugar on the textural and sensory properties of rasgolla.

5 tables, 6 ref