006535   Srinivasa Rao P;Chourasia M K;Mohapatra D;Das S (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252) : Kinetics model for osmotic concentration of banana slices. Envir Ecol 2001, 19(3), 726-8.

Rate of water loss and sugar diffusion, during osmotic concentration of banana slices, as a function of osmotic solution, temperature, concentration and osmosis time was analyzed using the Crank's and Magee's models. It was found that mass transfer coefficients for water loss and sugar gain increased with increase in operating parameters. The experimental and predicted values of the ratio of water loss to sugar gain matched well within the operating ranges of solution temperatures and concentration.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

006534   Srikanth P (MOTAN Holding Gmbh, India Liaison Office, Ceebros Arcade, III Floor, S, , ) : Energy economy in drying of PET for preforms and sheets. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(8), 63-6.

PET is a polymer with a very high consumption growth rate in India because of its use in the manufacture of PET bottles, containers and sheets. PET has to be dried to a residual moisture level of <60>30-50 PPM, as otherwise, the bottle/sheet quality and clarity will be poor. The drying process is energy intensive and presents the parameters affecting drying quality and the design features required in a dryer for energy economy.

4 illus

006533   Singh M N;Basu D K;Bhattamishra A K;Seema Kumari;Banerjee M K (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Corrosion behaviour of commercial paints on mild steel in aggressive media. J Metall Mater Sci 2000, 42(2), 105-12.

Overviews of corrosion behaviour of painted mild steel in aggressive environment for reducing corrosion of uncoated mild steel. The method of application of paint prior to painting is also discussed along with the role of surface preparation. Effect of painted test coupons single coated and double coated studied in salt spray and sulphur dioxide chamber. The electro chemical performance for the painted and unpainted samples in 3.5% sodium chloride solution and synthetic sea water observed and variation on protective nature of different paint classified. The paint selected for these studies were commerical and comparison made with uncoated and coated mild steel in the mentioned environment. It is worth mentioning that in the electrochemical method the paints selected for these studies gave less corrosion in synthetic sea-water than 3.5% sodium chloride solution.

4 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

006532   Shit S C (NO, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, G-Sector, Govindpura Indl. Estate, Bhopal-462 023) : Clarified rigid polypropylene container. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(9), 58-60.

Clarified rigid polypropylene containers have many advantages compared to other materials. The advantages are light weight, strength, cost-effectiveness and recyclability. New additives have improved poly-propylene's clarity and gloss, making it a viable candidate worth considering when choosing a container material.

1 table

006531   Shah B L;Shertukde V V (University Department of Chemical Technology, , Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Specially plasticizers: an overview. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(10), 65-72.

1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

006530   Rao D S;Mohapatra B K (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Microscopy in mineral processing. J Metall Mater Sci 2000, 42(1), 31-42.

Mineral processing is an important precusor to materials development and as most of the materials occur in nature in the form of minerals, hence mineralogical characterisation is a useful initial step for mineral processing. Optical (reflected and/or transmitted light) and electron microscopy (SEM-WDS-EDS and/or EPMA) are most indispensable tools for mineral characterisation. However, the other necessary data in the form of chemical analysis can readily be supplied by a number of methods, which is also useful in characterisation studies. Reviews the applications of mineralogical information, obtained through microscopic studies, in the process and/or flow sheet developments of mineral processing. The information contained in this paper represent contributions from distinguished and international assembly of researchers and practicing mineral engineers working with complex ores.

2 tables, 50 ref

006529   Prasad K;Sharma H K (Food Technology Department, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal-148 106) : Adsorption behaviour of clarified sugarcane juice. Asian J Chem 2001, 13(3), 1055-8.

Deals with the purification of colouring impurities through the adsorption process using activated charcoal as a adsorbent. The study indicates that an effective purification of CSJ (clarified sugarcane juice) can be obtained at a concentration of 0.04 g carbon/g CSJ for 25 min carbon-CSJ contact time at an ambient temperature (30±2°C) in purification process.

2 illus, 7 ref

006528   Pathak L C;Singh T B;Verma A K;Ramachandrarao P (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Synthesis of nano-crystalline alumina powder by sol-gel process. J Metall Mater Sci 2000, 42(2), 93-104.

Sol-gel synthesis of nano-crystalline alumina powder by an alkoxide route is investigated and several subsequent processing techniques, such as emulsification, seeding and spray drying techniques are used to improve the powder characteristics. It is noticed that the nano-structured gel undergoes coarsening after calcination at elevated temperature. Seeding of the sol with nano-crystalline α-Al₂O₃ powder is observed not only lower the phase formation temperature but also control the size of the calcined powders. The emulsification process can also be used effectively to control the morphology and size of the particles. The spray drying of the sol is observed to yield micrometer sized alumina powder, which can be used directly for the spray coating after calcination. During calcination, the hollow sphere obtained in the spray drying forms ring shaped powder.

12 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

006527   Nere C K;Jagtap R N (Department of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Biodegradable polymers - latest developments. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(7), 57-68.

^iia7 illus, 11 tables, 73 ref

006526   Meshkova I N;Ushakova T M;Gul'tseva N M; Ladygina T A;Kovaleva N Yu;Novokshonova L A (NO, Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street 117977 Moscow, Russia) : Polymerization of ethylene over zeolite-supported catalysts. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(11), 58-61.

Zeolites including Na-form ZSM-5 (Si/Al=42) and natural zeolite (Shivyrtuisk deposit: clinoptilolite 60±6%, water 14.2%) were studied as supports for olefin polymerization organometallic catalysts. Zeolite-fixed aluminoxanes, viz., anchored to the surface of a support, were prepared by partially hydrolyzing alkylaluminums (AlMe3, AlEt2Cl) with zeolite's internal water. Thus modified, the zeolites were made to react with transition meal compounds like Cp2ZrCl2 or VOCl3. The product of the reaction of zeolites' internal water with AlMe3 was made to react with Cp2ZrCl2, and the resulting product was found to be active in the polymerization of ethylene with no additonal activation carried out with MAO. In this way, an active metallocene catalyst was prepared without the use of MAO. Yet, when added as cocatalyst, MAO still activated the system, unlike the other conventional organoaluminum cocatalysts. The PE produced over the ZSM-5 (H2O)/AlMe3/Cp2ZrCl2 system had a higher M and a higher melting point than PE prepared over a homogenenous Cp2ZrCl2 + MAO catalyst system.

5 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

006525   Kumar K R (Food Packaging Technology Department, Central Food Technology Research Institute, Mysore) : Internal lacquers of metallic food containers. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(8), 66-70.

2 illus, 5 tables

006524   Kulshreshtha A K (NO, , IPCL, Vadodara-391 345) : Metallocene polyolefins : blends and alloys. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(8), 71-3,83.

7 illus, 1 table

006523   Kulshreshtha A K (NO, , IPCL, Vadodara-391 345) : M-polyolefins for niche markets. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(7), 80-2.

006522   Kalcheva S V;Iotov P I (NO, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia 1756, PO Box 32, Bulgaria) : Electrosorption of 1,3-propanediol at a Pt/Au-alloy electrode in an alkaline medium. Bull Electrochem 2001, 17(8), 351-6.

Adsorption kinetics of 1.,3-propanediol at Au, Pt a 40/60 at % Pt/Au alloy electrode has been experimentally studied in basic medium. Linear potential-sweep transient technique is applied. The adsorption potentials related to the initial oxidation current increase in the corresponding voltammetric profiles for Pt. Pt/Au and Au are 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9 V. The adsorption time is varied in the range from 1 to 1000 s. The experiments are carried out at 5 temperatures values in the interval of 283.2-323.2 K. The initial adsorption rates for Pt and Pt/Au grow with temperature increase and the experimental results are described by the empirical rate law suggested by Chia et al. The corresponding values of ΔH^* are 20 kJ mol^-1 and 14 kJ mol^-1 and those of ΔS^# are -128 J mol^-1 K^-1 and -137 j mol^-1K^-1. It is concluded that non-activated chemisorption occurs at Au. as the initial adsorption rate of 1,3-propanediol decreases on temperature increase. The observed temperature effect on Qads = f(tads) is explained by sequential hydroxylation and H^- bonding at the modified surface. A tentative mechanism is advanced to clarify the enhanced adsorption of 1,3-propanediol at the alloy electrode.

6 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

006521   Gaur B;Singh R;Singh A K (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Corrosion of stainless steels in chlorination washer of Indian paper industry. J Metall Mater Sci 2000, 42(2), 113-19.

Deals with the corrosion evaluation studies in different phases of chlorination washer of bleach plant. Field tests were conducted on various grades of austenitic stainless-steel in four different Indian paper mills. Investigations included coupon exposure for weight-loss determination, monitoring of process parameters during test period, and post-exposure evaluation/analysis for the degree and nature of corrosion attack. The results showed that gaseous phase is extremely corrosive as conventional grades of stainless-steels (exposed therewith) suffered from heavy metal-loss as well as severe pitting and crevice corrosion. Aggressivity of the other two i.e. wet/dry and liquid phase was, however, lesser than that of gaseous one as negligible to moderate corrosion attack was noticed on test coupons, The performance of various grades of stainless steel was found in the following order. 654SMO<62>254SMO<62>904L<62>316L<62>304L<62>304.

3 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

006520   Ganguli N C (NO, , M-76 B, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi-110 017) : Carbonation of milk - a process to extend longevity of milk. Indian Dairyman 2001, 53(10), 29-31.

Systematic research study was then undertaken to determine the effects of carbon dioxide treatment on the indigenous microbial flora of raw milk stored at 6°C under simulated commercial bulk storage conditions, with a view to controlling psychrotrophic microorganisms which produce deleterious thermostable enzymes.

006519   Das S K;Godiwalla K M (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : High speed continuous casting of steel - a technological challenge in India. J Metall Mater Sci 2000, 42(2), 81-92.

After Oxygen steel-making, continuous casting (CC) is undoubtedly the most important technological advance in the metallurgical frontier, specifically for the steel industry during the post-war period. Although there are many differences of details, the general engineering design principles of continuous casting machines are reasonably well understood. It is clear that, to enhance the problems involving mould lubrication, fluid flow, meniscus stability, mould oscillation, mould flux entrapment, heat and mass transfer, and solidification are required to be solved at the mould level. Increase in casting speed, however, may in all likelihood aggravate problems of product quality. This encompasses effect of mould flux on heat transfer, characterization of mould powder for high speed casting, thermal and lubrication behaviour of the mould under high speed casting conditions, dynamic melt flow behaviour and wave generation in the mould with increased casting speed, effects of SEN (Submerged Entry Nozzle) design on melt flow characteristics, meniscus level fluctuation and electromagnetic control for meniscus stability.

7 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

006518   Bhatnagar M S (NO, , 15, Negi Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Polyacetals - .II. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(8), 78-81,83.

31 ref

006517   Bhatnagar M S (NO, , 15, Negi Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Polyacetals - .I. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(7), 77-9.

2 illus

006516   Bhatnagar M S (NO, , 15, Negi Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Polycarbonates. III.. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(12), 67-73.

4 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

006515   Bhatnagar M S (NO, , 15, Negi Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Polycarbonate. II.. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(11), 75-80.

2 illus, 1 table

006514   Bhatnagar M S (NO, , 15, Negi Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Polycarbonates. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(10), 73-77.

11 illus, 2 tables

006513   Basu D K;Bhattacharjee A K;Singh M N (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Some observations on environmental corrosion behaviour and electrochemical passivation characteristic of silver-cadmium contact alloys in neutral - saline and alkaline - sour media. J Metall Mater Sci 2000, 42(2), 121-31.

Atmospheric/environmental corrosion tests has been conducted on two different contact-alloys, Ag-Cd and Ag-CdO.

6 illus, 7 tables, 9 ref

006512   Banerjee S;Dutta P K (NO, , DRDE, Gwalior-2) : Polymers : a new horizon in modern industry. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(9), 63-72.

14 illus, 3 tables

006511   Awasthi S K;Bajpai R (Department of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Physics, Rani Durgawati University, Jabalpur-482 001) : Microhardness and X-ray diffraction studies on polymer blends of poly (ethylmethacrylate) (PEMA) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) : plasticization and crystallization aspects. Indian J pure appl Phys 2001, 39(12), 795-8.

Polymer blends of poly (ethylmethacrylate) PEMA) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) with different weight percentage ratios of the two polymers have been prepared using solution cast technique. PEMA as non-crystallizable and PEO as crystallizable polymer when blended yield interesting features regarding plasticization and crystallinity aspects. The microhardness and X-ray diffraction studies have been utilized respectively to detect the plasticization and crystallinity in PEMA:PEO polyblend. The decrease in the value of surface microhardness with increasing content of PEO in the blend reveals plasticization effect. The increase in crystallinity of polymer blends with increasing content of PEO is observed by X-ray diffraction. Thus PEO crystallizes in amorphous PEMA.

3 illus, 11 ref

006510   Aigbodion A I;Pillai C K S;Bakare I O (NO, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 1049, Benin City, Nigeria) : Solution behaviour of rubber seed oil-modified alkyd resins. Indian J nat Rubb Res 2001, 14(1), 48-54.

Solution behaviour of rubber seed oil (RSO) alkyds having oil content of 40, 50 and 60 per cent was investigated. Viscosity measurements of the finished alkyds were carried out in toluene and dimethyl formamide (DMF) while those of samples withdrawn periodically during preparation of the alkyds were determined in toluene solution at 30±5°C. The parameters investigated include intrinsic viscosity [η], Huggins (KH), Kraemer's (KK) and Mark-Houwink-Sakurada (MHS) constants (k,k' and α). [η] values for the alkyds were found to be influenced by their capability to form hydrogen bond with solvent molecules. Hence [η] values for samples I and III with capability to form hydrogen bonds are larger in DMF (a relatively basic solvent); while [η] value for sample II with less tendency to associate with solvent molecule is larger in toluene. Values of KH and KK show no regularity in their variation with respect to the type of alkyd and solvent. MHS relationship was found to be applicable to RSO alkyds. Correlation of [η] with degree of polymerization (DP) and average molecular weight from end group analysis (Mav) showed a linear relationship. Variation in molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the alkyds as deduced from the MHS constants, k and k' is of the same order as that found from polydisperity indices obtained from GPC analysis of the alkyds.

5 illus, 7 tables, 18 ref

006509   Acharya A;Sanyal S K;Moulik S P (Centre for Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032) : Formation and characterization of a pharmaceutically useful microemulsion derived from isopropylmyristate, polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether (Brij-30), isopropyl alcohol and water. Curr Sci 2001, 81(4), 362-70.

The shear viscosities of five microemulsion compositions (w/o and o/w types) have been measured at five different temperatures and the activation parameters for the viscous flow have been evaluated. The size, polydispersity and diffusion coefficient of droplets of different monophasic w/o and o/w microemulsion compositions have been determined at different temperatures by the DLS method. The enthalpy of dissolution of water in oil+ Bruij-30 + i-PrOH as well as of oil in water + Bsrij-30 + i-PrOH, forming w/o and o/w microemulsions, respectively, has been calorimetrically determined. The water and oil dissolution processes have been found to be exothermic and endothrmic, respectively. A rational analysis of the results has been attempted.

5 illus, 3 table, 75 ref

005459   Zeneca Limited (NO, , Imperial Chemical House, Millbank, London SW 1p 3JF, England) : Process for the preparation of polycyclic dye intermediates. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005458   Wockhardt Research Centre (NO, , D-4, MIDC, Chikalthana, Aurangabad-431 210) : Process for the production of β-lactam compounds. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005457   Virgin Metals (Canada) Limited (NO, , 95 Balmorai Avenue Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V IJ5) : Process for making steel. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005456   University of Queensland (NO, , St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia) : Process for preparing a alumino silicate derivative from 2:1 clay minerals. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005455   University of Hawaii (NO, , 2800 Woodlawn Drive Suite 280, Honoulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A.) : Method for producing cryptophycins. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005454   The Procter & Gamble Company (NO, , One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, United States of America) : Process for the preparation of detergent granules by neutralization of acid from of an anionic surfactant. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005453   The Lubrizol Corporation (NO, , 29400 Lakeland Boulevard Wickliffe, Ohio 44092-2298, United States of America) : Process for preparing borate ester. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005452   The Geon Company (NO, , 6100 Oak Tree Boulevard, Cleveland, OHIO-44131, USA) : Process for the preparation of a glass fiber reinforced blend. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005451   Sulphur Mills Limited (NO, , 303/304, T. V. Estate, S. K. Ahire Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 025) : Process of manufacturing fungicidal composition. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005450   Sudarshan Chemical Industries Ltd (NO, , 162, Wellesley Road, Pune-411 001) : Improved method for imparting blue colour to the detergents. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005449   Stoping AG (NO, , Zuggerstrasse 76 A Postfach 375, CH-6340 Baar, Switzerland) : Sliding gate valve for a vessel containing molten metal. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005448   Steel Authority of India Ltd (NO, Research & Development Centre for Iron & Steel, A Govt. of India Enter, Having Registered Office at Ispat Bhawan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003) : Process for producing steel of improved resistance to hydrogen induced and sulfide stress corrosion cracking with high sulphur levels. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005447   Societe Des Produits Nestle S. A. (NO, , Postale 353, 1800 Vavey, Switzerland) : Process for preparing fast rehydrating pulses. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005446   Shell Internationale Research Maatchappij B.V. (NO, , Carel Van by Landtlaan 30, 2596 Hr, The Hague, The Netherlands) : Process for producing a hydrogenated diene polymer. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005445   Shell International Research Maatschappij B.V. (NO, , Carel Van Bylandtlaan 30, 2596 HR, The Hague, The Netherlands) : Process for the hydrogenation of conjugated diene polymers. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005444   Sanofi (NO, , 32.34, Rue Marbeuf, 75008 Paris France) : Method of preparing heterocyclic compounds for therapeutic use in tachykinin system. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005443   Sanofi (NO, , 32-34, Rue Marbeuf, 75008 Paris, France) : Process for the preparation of a new substituted 1-phenyl-3-pyrazole carboxamide; its salts and its quaternary ammonium salts. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005442   Procter & Gamble Company (NO, , One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinniti, Ohio 45202, USA) : Improved bleaching composition. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005441   Procter & Gamble Company (NO, , One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, State of Ohio 45202, USA) : Solid laundry detergent. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005440   national Power Plc (NO, , Senator House, 85 Queen Victoria Street, London EC4V 4DP, England) : Heat recovery apparatus. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005439   Montari Industries Limited (NO, , 78 Nehru Place, New Delhi-110 019) : Solventless process for the preparation of 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol and its alkaline. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005438   Mining Services International Corporation (NO, , Suite C 244, 5284 South 320 West, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA) : Method of preparing water-in-oil emulsion for use in an explosive. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005437   Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (NO, , 3, 50131 Firenze, Italy & Istituto Luso Farmaco Ditalia S.P.A. of Via Carnaia 26, 20123 Milano, Italy) : Process for the preparation of 2-halome-thyl-penems. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).