000946   Diudea M V;Ursu O (Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 3400 Cluj, Romania) : Layer matrices and distance property descriptors. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2003, 42(6), 1283-94.

Several topological indices-numerical descriptors encoding topological attributes of a molecular graph have been used both in graph discriminating analysis and correlating studies for modeling a variety of physico-chemical properties and biological activities. However, only few software packages, viz., CODESSA, MOLCONN Z, DRAGON, TOSS MODE and POLLY, are available for calculating topological indices. These in corporate correlating analysis statistics, as well. The TOPOCLUJ software package is designed to calculate topological descriptors from topological matrices and/or polynomials.

16 rables, 53 ref

000945   Chavan U D;Shahidi F;Chavan J K;Amarowicz R (Biochemistry Dep, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri) : Methanol-ammonia-water extraction of beach pea and grass pea. J Fd Sci Technol 2003, 40(2), 209-11.

A suitable solvent system has been standardized to lower the contents of β-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) and condensed tannins thereby improving the protein contents and colour of the meals of beach pea (Lathyrus japonicas W) And grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). The solvent extration consisting of methanol-ammonia-water system lowered the condensed tannins by 47.4% in beach pea and it was not detected in grass pea. Beach pea contained 4.02 mg/100 g BOAA, while grass pea contained 86.20 mg/100 g BOAA. BOAA was not detected in beach pea and it was reduced upto 32.43 mg/100g in grass pea after methanol-ammonia-water extraction. The meal treatments resulted in the protein enrichment by 12.1% in beach pea and 15.1% in grass pea. Methanol-ammonia-water solvent extraction effectively removed the pigments from meal and lowered Hunter colour values L and b in beach pea and grass pea.

^ssc2 tables, 14 ref

000944   Chakraborty M;Bhattacharya C;Datta S (Chemical Engineering Dep, S V Regional College of Engineering & Technology, Surat-395 007) : Mass transfer analysis of the extraction of nickel(II) by emulsion liquid membrane. Indian J chem Technol 2003, 10(3), 311-20.

A mathematical model for batch extraction of Nickel(II) with emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) from a dilute sulphate solution and from industrial wastewater, using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as extractant and hydrochloric acid as stripping agent is reported. The model considers a reaction front within the emulsion globule and assumes an instantaneous and irreversible reaction between the solute and the internal reagent at the membrane internal droplet interface. Batch experiments are performed for separation of Nickel(II) from aqueous sulphate solution of initial concentration in the range of 100-75 mg/L. The influence of Nickel(II) concentration on the distribution coefficient at pH 3.5 is co-related by a semiempirical model, which has been used for simulation of the extraction proces. The simulated curves are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.

10 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

000943   Batish V K;Grover S (Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Div, National Dairy Res Institute, Karnal-132 001) : Genetically modified starters-Indian dairy industry geared up to reap the harvest. Indian Dairyman 2003, 55(6), 68-76.

Indian Dairy Industry too is poised to take a quantum jump to reap the benefits of genetically modified starters for improving the functionality of ethnic dairy foods for fulfilling not only the nutritional requirements of the population but also for promoting health linked attributes of these foods after ensuring the safety of these food grade GMOs.

^iia14 ref

000942   Aminigo E R;Ogundipe H O (Microbiology Dep, Univ of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt and Batog Nigeria Ltd.,, Ede STReet, Ibadan, Nigeria) : Effect of heat treatment on functional characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogeae) meal. J Fd Sci Technol 2003, 40(2), 205-8.

Changes in functional properties were studied in peanut subjected to blanching and roasting (combined and individually). Roasting without blanching of peanut caused reductions in nitrogen solubility, emulsifying activity/stability, gelation capacity, fat absorption capacity (FAC) and water adsorption but increased water absorption capacity (WAC) and did not alter foamability. A combination of blanching and roasting improved foam stability and increased FAC by 6.41-64.8%. The WAC of peanut meal was significantly increased (7.81-175%) on roasting without pre-treatment and the increase was much higher (154-270%) for samples blanched prior to roasting.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

000819   Saini S;Sogi D S;Bawa A S (Food Sci and Technol Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005) : Shelf-life studies on chemically preserved sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv Patharnakh) pulp. J Fd Sci Technol 2003, 40(2), 230-2.

Sand pear pulp was preserved with chemical preservatives, potassium meta bisulphite-- 1200 and 2000 mg/kg sodium benzoate - 1200 mg/kg and their combination - 600 mg/kg each and stores at ambient (25-35°C) as well as refrigeration (12-15°C) temperature. The physico-chemical parameters like browning, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid contents showed significant changes with type of preservative and storage. Pulp preserved with sodium benzoate (1200 mg/kg) and stored at ambient temperature got spoiled in four months. Sensory evaluation showed that sand pear pulp could be preserved up to one year at ambient temperature by adding potassium meta bisulphite alone (1200 mg/kg) or in combination with sodium benzoate (600 mg/kg each).

^ssc2 tables, 11 ref

000658   Gunasekaran N;Baskaran V;Rajendran S (Food Protectants and Infestation Control Dep, Central Food Technological Res Inst, Mysore-570 013) : Effect of insect infestation on proximate composition of selected stored spice products. J Fd Sci Technol 2003, 40(2), 239-42.

The effect of infestation by drugstore beetle, Stegobium paniceum and cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne on proximate composition and uric acid levels of coriander powder, sambar powder and turmeric rhizomes was studied. After 3 and 6 months of infestation, there were significant reductions in protein, fat and ash contents of all the products whereas moisture content increased in coriander and sambar powders. The changes in proximate components were more pronounced in the products infested for 6 months than those infested for 3 months. The uric acid levels exceeded the permissible (PFA) limit of 100 mg/100 kg following infestation in 3 or 6 months in all cases.

^ssc3 tables, 24 ref

000591   Agrahari P R;Khurdiya D S (Post Harvest Technology Div, Indian Agric Res Inst, New Delhi-110 012) : Preparation and evaluation of pulp from cull apple pomance. J Fd Sci Technol 2003, 40(2), 173-6.

Cull apple has been used for juice extraction and pulp preparation from its pomace. Pulp prepared after extraction of juice from cull apple under 100 psi by hydraulic press has been found excellent in respect of physico-chemical characteristics, sensory quality and microbial safety. The pulp can be further used for preparation of various processed products. Storage study of cull apple pulp reveals that there was least deviation in physico-chemical property and sensory quality after 6 months of storage under low temperature (4±1°C). However, pulp stored under zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) and at ambient condition was also acceptable and stable up to 6 months of storage. No microbial growth was detected at initial stage and during 6 months of storage of pulp under all storage conditions.

5 tables, 18 ref

024015   `L' Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'Etude Et L' Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude (NO, , 75 quai d' orsay - 75321 Paris - cedex 07 - France) : Process and distillation installation for separating a gas mixture. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024014   The gates rubber company (NO, , 990 South Broadway, Denver, Colorado 80209, USA) : Process for preparing elastomeric compositions. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024013   Standard Oil Company (NO, , 200 Public Square, 39-G, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-2375, USA) : Improved method for the manufacture of acrylonitrile. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024012   Shukla A J (NO, , 837, Walnut Bend Road, Cordova, TN 38018, USA) : Process of preparing a biodegradable delivery system of non living biologically active substances. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024011   Showa Denko K K (NO, , 13-9 Shiba Daimon 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8518, Japan) : Process for the peparation of a lower fatty acid ester. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024010   Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd (NO, , 19, Nehru Place, New Delhi-110 019) : Process for the preparation of crystalline (Z)-2-(2-tert.- butoxycarbonylprop-2-oxyimino)-2-(2-acetic acid solvated with N, N-dimethylformamide. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024009   Ranbaxy Laboratiories Ltd (NO, , 19, Nehru Place, New Delhi-110 019) : Process for the preparation of cefuroxime from cefuroxime axetil. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024008   Procter & Gamble Company (NO, , One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio-45202, USA) : Laundry detergent composition. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024007   Procter & Gambel Company (NO, , One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, State of Ohio 45202, USA) : Granular detergent composition. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024006   Pawar C S (NO, , Junction P.O. Lasurne, Tal, Indapur, Dist Pune-413 117) : An improved plant in a process for treating mud in sugar cane industry to extract sugar without employing vacuum. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024005   Panchal P M (NO, , 4, Vireshwar Darshan, G.B.I. Marg, Vile Parle (East), Mumbai-400 057) : Improved process for surface finising on precious and semi precious metals. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024004   Murthy P S (NO, , A 201-203, Arjun Center, B.S. Devshi Marg, Deonar, Mumbai-400 088) : Improved process of preparing metformin HCl. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024003   M/s Alembic Ltd (NO, , Alembic Road, Vadodara-390 003) : Process of preparing tasteless micro encapsulated macrolides. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024002   Intercontinental Quimica (NO, , Avda, Del Partenon, 12, Campo De Las Naclones, 28042, Madrid, Spain) : An industrial process to manufacture aromatic carboxylic acids. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024001   Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd (NO, , P.O. Petrochemicals, District-Vadodara-391 346) : Process for the preparation of 1,4-dioxan. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

024000   Hindustan Lever Ltd (NO, , Hindustan Lever House, 165-166, Backbay Reclamation Mumbai-400 020) : Process for preparing a granular detergent compositions. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023999   Hindustan lever Limited (NO, , Hindustan Lever House, 165/166 Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai-400 020) : Synergistic detergent composition. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023998   Hindustan Lever Limited (NO, , Hindustan Lever House, 165-166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai-400 020) : Soap bar composition. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023997   G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology (NO, , Pantnagar, Distt, Udham Singh Nagar-263 145) : Process of preparing Salmonella vaccine. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023996   EMS-Inventa Ag (NO, , Selnaustrasse 16, Ch-8002 Zurich, Switzerland) : Process for the production of the adhesion agent molding compound. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023995   Eastman Chemical Company (NO, , 100 North Eastman Road, Kingsport, Tennessee 37660, USA) : Process for the continuous manufacture of substituted cyclohexanedicarbocxylate. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023994   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Bath composition useful for electrochemical preparation of platinised niobium/columbium. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023993   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for the preparation of high-flux high-solute rejection thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023992   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-100 001) : Improved process for the preparation of unsaturated hydroxy lactones. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023991   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the preparation of caprolactam. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023990   Chisaki Co Ld (NO, , No. 18-7, Higashi-Ikebukuro 2-Chome, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, Japan) : Vertically type calcination kiln. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023989   Austpac Gold N L (NO, , 7th Floor, 86-88 Pit Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia) : Process of forming hydrochloric acid from spent acid leach liquor and an apparatus for performing said process. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023988   Alembic Ltd (NO, , Alembic Road, Vadodara-390 003) : Process of preparing tasteless macrolides by using polymer cros linking technique. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023987    (NO, , 501/502 Vandana Aparments, Janki Kutir, Juhu Church Road, Juhu, Mumbai-400 049) : Improved process for the manufacture of azadirachtin water dispersible granules. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

023986   Zadgaonkar A (Department of Applied Chemistry, G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur) : Waste platic - an alternative source of fuel. Res J Chem Envir 2002, 6(4), 78-9.

As per statistical data, expendisture incurred on disposal of waste plastic throught the world is around US $ 14 million a year on the exercise. But the real, unquantifiable cost is environment damage. Nearly three million tones of waste plastic is produced every year in U.K. alone, only 7% of which is recycles i.e. converted into other products. The chief scientific advisor of Global Environmental Protection Agency (GEPA) U. K., Dr. John Murlis warned to improve the rate of recycling dramatically to avoid mountains of waste plastic. Plastic waste contributes significantly to the growing waste problem in United States. A majority of their landfills, allotted for plastic waste disposal, are approaching their full capacity.

illus, tables, ref

023985   Yongquar C;Xizhi R;Dafeng X;Jianzhong W;Shao Jun (Shanghai Institue of Technology, Material Engineering Dep, Shanghai-200 233, China) : Danger of Ar and Co₂ gas. Indian J envir Prot 2002, 22(10), 1093-6.

Ar and CO₂ gas with large specitic gravity, which were held up in well-type working site, made two accidents at Shanghai A and B Steel Shops, because the gas with large specific gravity as a dangerous source was not well known. the characteristics of Ar and CO₂ gas, the course of accidents and its analysis, and the mechanism of stifling death were explained.

2 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

023984   Varshney V K;Kaur S;Dayal R (Chemistry Dep, Forest Research Institute, P.O.New Forest, Dehra Dun-248 006) : Semiochemicals - principles and relevance. Res J Chem Envir 2002, 6(1), 69-75.

One of the promising approach in 'clean and green' practices of insect control is the use of semiochemicals. Semiochemicals are the chemicals that transit information between organisms. Good examples are pheromones and kairomones. Produced by insect and plants, these chemicals are species specific and multicomponent mixtures present in nanograms and picograms. Development of a suitable semiochemical for a particular insect is founded on its isolation and identification. Application of techniques used on collection, analysis and identification of semiochemcials is being reviewed. In addition to traditional systems of collection and detection, advanced techniques of volatile trapping, solvent less injection, SPME, electronantennography and single cell recording are also described.

89 ref

023983   Tarafder S K (Materials Evaluation Div, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Mechanisms of fracture and fracture resistance of materials. J Instn Engrs-Pt MM 2003, 84(Apr), 48-58.

While structural components may fail and cease to fulfil their functions due to a variety of reasons, failure through fractur, due to the formation and growth of cracks, remains one of the most common methods of loss of structural integrity. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the process of fracture and be able to quantify the resistance of materials. An attempt has been made to present an overview of fracture mechanisms and fracture mechanics based tests. The process of fatigue crack growth, brittle cleavage fracture, ductile fracture through microvoid coalescence, and intergranular fracture has been reviewed. The philosophy and procedures of standard fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth tests have been discussed.

11 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

023982   Srivastava A;Pandey M;Srivastava V;Sethi R (Chemistry Dep, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002) : Ipomoea tridentata seeds : a potential source of commercial gum. Res J Chem Envir 2002, 6(1), 9-11.

A nonionic water-soluble galactomannan, having galactose and mannose i 2:5 molar ratio was isolated from endosperm of I tridentata seeds. The seed gum has branched structure consisting of a linear chain of β (1→4) linked mannopyranosyl units with D-galactose side chains attached through α (1→6) linkage to the main chain, a fundamental structural pattern found in other commercial galactomannans. The gum was subjected to viscosity behavior study at different conditions of concentrations, temperature and pH. Gum solutions showed similar behavior to the Guar and ws found stable to wide range of acrylamide on the the gum in aqueous medium, using Cu⁺⁺/ metabisulphite system in presence of oxygen at 35±2°C, to give these natural polymer new applications. After grafting viscosity of the gum solution was found to increase and became resistant to biodegradation. Thus ipomoea tridentata seed gum is thus in natural form and, after modification by grafting may find use as commercial gum.

35 ref

023981   Singh S B;Kulshrestha G (Divison of Agriculture Chmicals, Indian Agriculture Research Insitiute, New Delhi-110 012) : Integrated pest mangement success: bottlenecks and solutions- an overview. Res J Chem Envir 2002, 6(1), 77-9.

3 ref

023980   Ranjor A;Kalia P;Mathur R P (NO, Environment Lab., SEST, TIET, Patiala-147 004) : Polishing of treated spentwash by fungal strains. Res J Chem Envir 2003, 7(2), 59-75.

Two fungal strains Rhizopus mirosporus (X) and Rhizomucor pusillus (W) have been found to possess capacity for decolorization and biodegradation of effluent. The study was carried out using glucose, maltose, lactose, mannitol and sorbitol as extra source of crbon. It has been observed that before utilization, the species convert the non-reducing sugars into reducing ones. Further, better removal efficiency is obtained with lesser amounts of extra carbon source.

10 illus, 12 tables, 19 ref

023979   Nagarathinam D;Pandey S;Sheik Usman; Tippusultan H (Department of Chemical Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli-620 015) : Interference and holding power during cryogenic shrink fitting for liner. Indian J Cryogenics 1997, 22(4), 115-9.

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the cryogenic shrink fitting using liquid nitrogen for fitting the liner into a cylinder block. Analysis of the problem for determination of liquid nitrogen consumption, maximum interference, pressure developed between the liner and cyliner block, the axial holding power (Tightness of fit), torsional holding power and field experience have been discussed.

5 illus, 10 ref

023978   Mahesh N;Ajjan N;Raveendran N (NO, Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Studies (CARDS), Tamil N, Coimbatore-641 003) : Measurement of technical efficiency in Indian tea industry. J Plantn Crop 2002, 30(2), 50-4.

The study conducted in four districts viz, Dibruugarh (Assam), Dooars (West- bengal), Nilgiris (Tamil Nadu) and Idukki (Kerala) during the year 1998-99 was to estimate technical efficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model for the Indian tea industry. It was found that the co-efficient of labour, FYM and fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and variety remained significant in the case of both tea farmers and corporate units in the stochastic production function. It was also identified that about 13.00 per cent of the total farmers who operated the estates belonged to the most efficient category (91-99per cent) and 68.00per cent in the least efficient group (64-80per cent) with a mean technical efficiency of 75.62per cent. Whereas in the case of corporate units, about 43.00 percent belonged to the most efficiency category (91-99 percent) and 37 percent in (64-80 percent) the least efficient group with a mean technical efficiency of 84.42 percent. therefore, in short run it is possible to increase tea yield on an average by 24.38 percent in the case of farmers and 15.58 percent in the case of corporate units by adopting better management practices used by the best performers. Even under the present existing management practices and technological prtentials, there exists a good scope for improving the productivity with proper allocation of existing resources. A marginal increase in the production has great effect on the production of tea at macro level. Hence, proper extension strategy need to be taken to educate the estate owners about the rational use of imputs.

3 tables, 6 ref

023977   Kannan G K;Bhalla R;Kapoor J C (Defence R and D Organization (DRDO), Centre for Environment and Explosive Safety (CEES), Metcalfe House Delhi-110 054) : Standardisation of gas dilution system to prepare vapour phase BTX mixture in the ppm concentrations. Indian J envir Prot 2002, 22(10), 1149-54.

Number of studies have been carried out to asses the level of varius harmful species of hydrocarbons. One group of such major VOC compounds is BTX (Benzene, Toluene and Xylene) which are present in the work place as well as ambient iar, especially the urban air and are known to be possible carcinogen. Number of techniques have been developed to analyse these chemical species and quality of calibration of these instruments using standard gas mixtures determines the reliability of the results. An effort has been made to standardise a gas dilution system for preparation of low levels of volatile organic compounds. The BTX mixture were prepared at 10, 5 and 1 ppm concentration and evaluated with GC-FID analysis. The accuracy of the mixture prepared was found to be in the range of ± 2.5%. The possible source of errors involved in various steps of the preparation of these mixtures, which affect the overall accuracy of the prepared mixtures have also been discussed.

1 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

023976   Hahiharan R;Partha N;Krishhnan M R V (Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600 025) : Supercritical fluid extraction. Indian J Cryogenics 1997, 22(3), 79-82.

3 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

023975   Gupta V;Singh A V;Bana K (Department of Chemistry, J N V University, Jodhpur) : Development of chelating resin based on polysaccharide TKP powder and its application. Res J Chem Envir 2003, 7(2), 8-12.

TKP powder (obtained from seeds of Tamarind plant) a hydrophilic polysaccharide matrix has been used for preparation of new chelating resin. Tertiary amine derivative of TKP acts as flocculent cum metal ion exchangers and can be used as scavanger for toxic and hazardous metal ions from the effluents of mineral and metallurgical industries. The diethyl amine group was anchord on the TKP backbone in dioxane medium. This ion selective resin has been used in removal of toxic metal ions from effluent of mineral and metallurgical industreis.

2 tables, 12 ref

023974   Gupta K;Yaseen M (Organic Coatings & Polymers Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007) : Study of efficacy of vinylchloride-vinylacetate (VC-VAc) copolymer based heliothis armigera pheromone dispensers in cotton field. Res J Chem Envir 2002, 6(1), 49-54.

The efficacy and performance of VC-VAc copolymer based dispensers loaded with a certain amount of Heliothis arigeia pheromone have been studied by conducting experiments in cotton fields at two different loations. Various parameters like plasticizer contet, concentration of pheromone, thickness of the dispnser and filler content in the dispenser as well as density of traps in the field and type fo trap are subjects of study. It is established that 200μm thick, 2 cm x 2cm dispensers containing 2 mg/cm^{2% and fillers (titanium dioxide and zinc oxide in 1:1 volume ratio) content 10% by volume have better performance in the field experiments. Relatively more insects are caught per trap when two traps are placed in one acre in comparison to 5 traps in one acre. In traps which do not have baffles around the lure, the number of catches are relatively more than that in the case of traps which have baffles.}

7 illus, 1 table, 16 ref