013695   Mahto B;Archana;Rakhi;Sahu L P;Bhagwan P (Physics Dep, B.R.A. Bihar Univ, Muzaffarpur, Bihar) : Essence recovery from flowers through solar thermal distillation process. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect D 2011, 30(1), 171-6.

Present work have used the solar distillation process for the production of rose water traditionally or commercially it was presented by using fossil fuel which was very costly and polluting the atmosphere. In this process the cost is involved while establishing the device and no recurring cost is involved in operating this system because solar energy is available in abundant on the earth during day time. The operating temperature for this preparation is about 15°C to 30°C which is easily available about 10 hours during day time in solar still. Rose petals cover the blackened surface of solar still. So its efficiency reduces to avoid this in our system we have used the black powder (Charcoal) which compensates the working of solar still. The Quantity of rose water is increased by doubling the quantity of rose petals keeping volume of water constant. To preserve rose water for a long period we use preservatives, the common preservative is vodka (pure form of alcohol).

013694   Kumaresan G;Kalaichelvan K (Production Technology Dep, MIT Campus Anna Univ, Chennai-600 044, Email: kumaresan@mitindia.edu) : Experimental investigation on the rectangular cup formability of Al-alloy sheet by superplastic forming technique. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(1), 46-50.

Superplastic behavior of certain metals and alloys having very fine grains, very large tensile elongations are obtained within certain temperature ranges at low strain rates. These alloys can be formed into complex shapes by superplastic forming, a process that employs common metalworking techniques. This paper aims to study the formability characteristic for aluminium material (Al 7075) by considering variable forming pressure of 0.2MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa and 0.5MPa, remaining parameters were constant for all samples; a constant forming temperature of 530°C and the constant forming time of 120 minutes were selected for all samples.

3 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

013693   Gupta N;Prasad V V B;Madhu V;Basu B (NO, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016, Email: nehgupta@iitk.ac.in) : Ballistic studies on TiB₂-Ti functionally graded armor ceramics. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 382-9.

Objective of this paper is to discuss the results of the ballistic testing of spark plasma sintered TiB₂-Ti based functionally graded materials (FGMs) with an aim to assess their performance in defeating small-calibre armor piercing projectiles. Studied the efficacy of FGM design and compared its ballistic properties with those of TiB₂-based composites as well as other competing ceramic armors. The ballistic properties are critically analyzed in terms of depth of penetration, ballistic efficiency, fractographs of fractured surfaces as well as quantification of the shattered ceramic fragments. It was found that all the investigated ceramic compositions exhibit ballistic efficiency (η) of 5.1 -5.9. We also found that by increasing the thickness of FGM from 5 mm to 7.8 mm, the ballistic property of the Composite degraded. Also, the strength of the ceramic compositions studied is sufficient to completely fracture the nose of the pointed projectile used. Analysis of the ceramic fragments (2 μm-10 mm) showed that harder the ceramic, coarser were the fragments formed. On comparing the results with available armor systems, it has been concluded that TiB₂ based composites can show better ballistic properties, except B4C. SEM analysis of the fragments obtained after testing with FGM showed formation of cleavage steps as well as presence of intergranular cracks, indicating that the FGM fractured by mixed mode of failure. It can be concluded that the FGM developed has lower ballistic properties compared to its monolith TiB₂-20 wt.% Ti.

8 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

013692   Ghosh M;Venkatesan V;Sikder A K;Sikder N (NO, High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Pune-411 021, Email: vvigcar@yahoo.com) : Preparation and characterisation of ε-CL-20 by solvent evaporation and precipitation methods. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 390-8.

ε-CL-20 is prepared from raw CL-20 by solvent evaporation and precipitation methods. Experiments were also done using solvent evaporation coupled with in-situ ultrasonication method. Using precipitation method, s-CL-20 is scaled up to 500 g batch. Raw CL-20 was assigned to α-CL-20. The chemical and polymorphic purity of prepared ε-CL-20 was found to be about 98 per cent and <62> 95 per cent, respectively. s-CL-20 was obtained agglomeration free with well defined geometry in comparison with raw CL-20 and its crystal morphology is dominantly bi-pyramidal or lozenge crystal shapes. The obtained mean particle size of prepared s-CL-20 by solvent evaporation method with and without in-situ ultrasonication and also by precipitation methods is about 30 μm - 40 μm, 150 μm - 200 μm and 150 μm - 300 μm, respectively. The measured true density of prepared s-CL-20 by precipitation method with 100 g and 500 g batch scale using Helium gas pycnometer was 2.038 g/cm³ and 2.043 g/cm³, respectively. The lower value of calculated void percentage of e-CL-20 (0.05-0.29%) indicate better crystal quality. Conclusively, prepared E-CL20 has high true density with less percentage of voids, less total moisture content and free from agglomeration as compared with the starting raw CL-20 material.

6 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

013691   Dwivedi S K;Joshi V K;Mishra V (NO, Amity International Centre for Postharvest Technology and Cold Chain M, Noida, Email: shailendra.dwivedi@rediffmail.com) : Extraction of anthocyanins from plum pomace using XAD-16 and determination of their thermal stability. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(1), 57-61.

Crude anthocyanins were extracted from plum pomace by passing the pomace-water mixture (1:1) through XAD-16 in a column, followed by desorption with ethanol. Optimum concentrations of XAD-16 for adsorption, adsorption time of anthocyanins and desorbent (ethanol) concentration were standardized. The maximum adsorption (61.70 per cent) of anthocyanin took place with 40 per cent XAD-16 which was almost comparable with 35 per cent XAD-16 (61.50 per cent). The lowest `a' value (12.52) of the extract was observed at 8 hours showing the highest desorption of anthocyanins. The maximum desorption (94.96 per cent) took place with 60 per cent ethanol while it was minimum (36.06 per cent) with 20 per cent ethanol. On the basis of desorbed anthocyanins content and L, a, b colour values, adsorption with 35% XAD-16 for 8 hours followed by desorption with 60% ethanol was found to be the best method for the extraction of plum anthocyanins. Anthocyanin extract was heated at different temperature viz. 80°, 100° and 120°C for 10 and 20 min to determine its thermal stability. A marked degradation of anthocyanins took place at higher temperatures than lower ones. Stability of anthocyanins was decreased with the increase in temperature and heating time. It is concluded that the adsorption of anthocyanins by using XAD-16 was a suitable method for its extraction. The anthocyanins extract was found to be stable to heating as reflected by `L', `a' and `b' value. Therefore, plum pomace can be utilized for the production of biocolour for the food industry.

6 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

013690   Choudhary A;Shukla A;Bisht K (Foods and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. and T., Pantnagar-263 145) : Development and evaluation of flour mixes and their biscuits for suitability in diabetic diet. Indian J Nutr Diet 2012, 49(8), 324-32.

The flour mix incorporating pearl millet, soybean and wheat in the ratio 40:30:30 was used to prepare biscuits. The biscuits were found to be nutritious and acceptable for all the sensory parameters. The storage quality assessment of biscuits revealed that the biscuits can be stored for a period of 45 days without any effect on their sensory attributes. The lower glycemic index value of biscuits (27.50) as compared to that of control biscuits (44.28) confirms its hypoglycemic effect and thus it is recommended to incorporate pearl millet and soybean up to 40 and 30 per cent respectively to wheat flour in the formulation of biscuits for diabetic persons.

2 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

013689   Bhattacharya T K;Dutta A (Chemical Technology Dep, Calcutta Univ, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700 009, Email: tkbhatta@yahoo.co.in) : Novel process for the preparation of curcumin. J Instn Chem India 2012, 84(2), 57-60.

Curcumin is an orange yellow coloured phenolic pigment, obtained from rhizomes of the turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn. Family -- zingiberceae) plant. This natural pigment is widely used as a colouring agent in foods and cosmetics and is reported to have various pharmaceutical uses. The rhizome of turmeric is also widely used in indigenous medicine. Extensive scientific research all over the world on curcumin reveals that curcumin has anticancer, antitumor and potent antioxidant activities and negligible adverse effect on human systems. It was found to inhibit DNA polyrnerase, arachidonic acid metabolism, lipoxygenase, cyclo-oxygenase, cytokines (Interleukins and tumor necrosis factor), nuclear factor-kB and release of steroidal hormones. Curcumin was reported to stabilize lysosomal membrane and cause uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation besides having strong oxygen radical scavenging activity, which was responsible for its anti-inflammatory action. Normally, curcumin is obtained from turmeric by solvent extraction and chromatographic methods which involve the use of hazardous solvents and expensive procedures. The yield of the product is poor due to very low content of curcumin in turmeric (nearly 2%). Expensive operational processes render the practice commercially unviable. The present article describes a process development of the preparation of curcumin by the condensation of vanillin with acetone and ethyl acetate through a simplified organic synthetic route using relatively affordable chemicals for high yield with low cost. The prepared compound was identified by chemical and different spectral analyses. This method of preparation may be used industrially for the manufacture of curcumin.

16 ref

013688   Alizadeh A;Behfar S (Food Science & Technology Dep, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Tabriz, Iran) : Properties of collagen based edible films in food packaging. Ann Biol Res 2013, 4(2), 253-6.

Films are thin coatings of materials that protect the product against mechanical and corruption factors. The use of edible films and coatingsis developed these days because they can retain the quality, flavor and moisture content of the product and also are degradable and easy to use. Proteins are an apt choice for such film's base material as their suitable barrier property against oxygen, CO₂ and fat especially in low relative humidity. Collagen is a protein biopolymer used specially for meat products and has good mechanical properties although its permeability to O₂ increases with RH degrees. Higher water solubility and lower resistance of collagen to moisture has to be eliminated by increasing cross-link density with polysaccharide derivatives. Another way is blending of hydrophilic synthetic polymers with collagen that represents better mechanical properties. The best method for its extraction is acid hydrolysis which is a mediocre one.

^iia26 ref

012646   Yong C S;Mehta B D;Gaonkar S (NO, , BASF East Asia Regional Headquarters, 45th Floor Jardine House, No.1 Cannaught Place, Hong Kong, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Nature loves performance: acrylic binders for water based high gloss wood/ trim paints. Paintindia 2012, 62(2), 80-2.

6 illus, ref

012645   Uwukunda D;Decocq F;Gharrafi T;Nootens C (NO, Momentive Specialty Chemicals Research, Balgium, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : VeoVa vinyl ester based lattices with high binding power for interior matt paints. Paintindia 2012, 62(2), 57-60.

2 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref

012644   Tambare R S;Bhuva S C (NO, Kansal Nerolac Paints Limited, Nerolac House, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai-400 013, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Pollutions control coatings. Paintindia 2012, 62(3), 53-61.

Pollution is harmful term for environment as well as for animals & human beings. A variety of hazardous pollutants are discharged into the environment from several industrial operations, vehicle exhausts and domestic use. Pollutants cause disturbance, instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the animals, humans or other living organisms. It is difficult to remove waste completely to control pollution. There are various options to control pollution. Pollution is controlled by waste control at source, control on emissions of hazardous pollutants & using protective equipments. Coating the surface with pollutants absorbing paint is another option to control pollution. Sound proofing materials and coatings absorb excess sound in rooms, chambers or work places. Quiet work place releases the tension of working person & peacefully he/she would work efficiently. Coating containing the lime (calcium hydroxide) cures and hardens naturally by carbonation and without exhalation of toxic, hazardous gases. During the curing process, the lime slowly absorbs the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releases its water content. Polysiloxane base of the paint allows the nitrogen oxides to diffuse and convert it to nitric acid with the help of titanium dioxide. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation technology for NO_x removal from vehicle emissions by using TiO₂ as a photocatalyst. Coating of iron nano particles neutralize dense, hydrophobic solvents which polluting the ground water. In photocatalytic reaction organic pollutants oxidizes into CO2 and water to disinfect bacteria in water in presensce of UV light.

14 illus, 51 ref

012643   Sivasakthi M;Narayanasamy S (Food Science and Technology Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Puducherry-605 014, Email: lillybol99@gmail.com) : Effect of Mentha piperita extract infusion on the quality characteristics of coconut chips. Adv Biotech 2012, 12(4), 18-23.

Osmotic dehydration of food materials in association with air-drying technology has received greater attention in recent years as an effective method for fruits and vegetables preservation because of their excellent quality traits. Coconut slices of thickness 0.8 ± 0.1 mm was osmotically dehydrated in sucrose solutions of different concentrations (100%, 90% and 80%) with or without the infusion of mint extract (5%, 10% and 15%) and the osmotic process was carried out for one hour duration. Then the slices were dried in a hot air oven at temperature of 50-60°C for about 7 to 8 hours. Osmotic medium without the infusion of mint extract serves as the control. The chemical, physical, sensory and other parameters which affect the quality and shelf-life of the chips were determined. Moisture, rehydration and other studies insist favorable results in storage and shelf life of the product within desirable standard limits. Sensory parameters with highly accepted score of 7.2 of the selected mint infused chips (100% of sucrose solution containing 10% of mint extract) when compared with control revealed significant difference at (p≤ 0.5) level. In fact, the use of mint juice infused osmo-hot air dried coconut chips showed higher total sugars, energy, antioxidant minerals than control, which could be endorsed commercially as a healthy snack food especially for children and the vulnerable group.

1 illus, 3 tables, 40 ref

012642   Singh S P;Pandey G;Pritam U;Tripathi V (Applied Sciences Dep, MMMUT, Gorakhpur, Email: singh.satyapal@hotmail.com ) : Regeneration Process in removal of Cr (VI) and As (V) using MWCNT from aqueous solution. Proc Natn Conf Mater Sci Technol 2014, (Mar), 93-7.

Proposes a new mechanism for the regeneration process of MWCNT and separation of Cr (VI) and As (V) from aqueous solution. Regeneration can be achieved by flowing CNTs received from the sludge into a jet stream of air or liquids which have affinity to the adsorbed Cr and As. The strealine flow can not only align the CNTs along its length but the flow can also help in desorption process of the adsorbates under different ambient conditions of pressure and temperature which can be controlled externally to maintain the threshold values for the optimisation of desorption process of Cr or As from CNTs. This type of literature is scarcely available on the subject but authors argue for its feasibility on the qualitative studies done. The role of intertia may play a vital role when the MCWNTs suffer steep deceleration by a suitable filter at another end of the channel. The cose effectiveness and time saving have become two competitive parameters now a days. Such mechanism may be fruitful at big research laboratories, pathologies and some of the high-tech industries where time saving becomes prominent competitor of cost of the process. It usefulness for industries may pose counter intuitions and requires a more quantitative study of the problem. Ultrasonic transducers along and across the regeneration cylinders or channels can help in producing rare and dense columns to align and cleanse the MWCNTs in process.

3 illus, 16 ref

012641   Shukla S K;Singh N B;Rastogi R P (Polymer Science Dep, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, Delhi Univ, New Delhi-110 075, Email: nbsingh43@gmail.com) : Efficient ammonia sensing over zinc oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(4), 319-24.

Zinc oxide/polyaniline (ZnO/PANI) nanocomposite film is prepared by a chemical method using CuSO₄ as redox initiator. The nanocomposite is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG techniques. X-ray diffraction studies of the composite show the reflection of ZnO nanoparticles along with a broad peak of PANI. FTIR and UV-visible spectra show interaction between ZnO and PAN1. Current-voltage measurements (I-V curves) show that ZnO/ PANI has much higher electrical conductivity than pure PANI. The ammonia gas sensing behavior of the ZnO/PANI nanocomposite films is studied and the results show that it is a promising candidate for ammonia sensing with response time of 15 s and recovery time 45 s.

9 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

012640   Shanbhag D H (NO, Asian PPG Industries Ltd., L.B.S. Marg, Bhandup, Mumbai-400 078) : "Accelerated weathering" the need of OEMs. Paintindia 2012, 62(1), 98-105.

One of the most important pre-requisite for exterior automotive coatings is longevity. The ability to predict longevity, or service life, is key to developing new automotive coating technologies for the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). While exposure testing is performed in natural field environments such as Florida, it is not cost or time efficient to solely use these results for automotive coating development. Performance, as applied to paint systems, can be defined broadly as resistance to their environment, the latter covering all types of exposure conditions. In respect of the paint systems, the two most destructive influences are Sunlight and Moisture. The crucial test for any paint Used on an exterior surface is the durability or resistance to an environment comprising weather and location. Weather consists of several factors - sunshine, rain, acid rain, temperature, fog, frost, atmospheric pollution and to a lesser extent wind. The influence of these weather factors on coated surfaces are studied in weathering tests. In order to speed up the product development process in automotive paint manufacturing industries, accelerated weathering tests are used to predict the longevity of the coating technologies in a fraction of the time that would be required for a field test. The acceleration factors can be as fast as 10 times, i.e., getting the equivalent of 10 years worth of field testing in one year of accelerated testing. There are a number of accelerated tests used, including QUV, Salt spray, Acid etch test, Filiform corrosion, Cyclic corrosion, Weather-Ometer (WOM), etc. Apart from these older tests, there are novel electrochemical methods such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Electrochemical Noise Method (ENM). While there are many tests than can predict defects with good field correlation, there are other areas where correlation has been difficult. This review paper focuses on studying the various accelerated tests available till date and points out their benefits and the improvements required so that these accelerated tests resemble the natural exposure effects.

8 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

012639   Sarkar B K;Mendiratta S K;Prabhakaran P; Sharma B D (Livestock Products Technology Div, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122) : Effect of post-slaughter handling conditions on quality of pork curry. J Vet Publ Hlth 2011, 9(2), 89-94.

Present investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of different handling conditions on quality of pork and pork curry. Carcass cuts from pigs of similar age (6-8 months), live weight (70-80 kg) and conformation were collected after slaughter and subjected to following treatments simulating different handling conditions viz., T₁-holding carcass cuts for 5-6 h at ambient temperature (20-25°C), followed by chunking/deboning and cooking of meat; T₂-holding carcass cuts for 10-12 h at ambient temperature (20-25°C), followed with chunking/deboning and cooking of meat; T₃-holding carcass cuts for 5-6 h at ambient temperature (20-25°C) and then chunking/deboning of meat, followed by storage of deboned meat in refrigerator (41°C) for 17-18 h and cooking and T₄-holding carcass cuts for 5-6 h at ambient temperature (20-25°C), followed by storage in refrigerator (41°C) for 17-18 h and then chunking/deboning and cooking. The results revealed that temperature, pH and WHC values of raw and cooked pork decreased with increasing storage time from 5-6 h to 24 h after slaughter. Pork achieved its ultimate pH within 10-12 h of storage at ambient temperature (20-25°C). Drip loss of raw meat was significantly (p<60>0.05) higher for T₃ than T₂. Total plate count increased with increasing storage time although, significantly (P<60>0.01) higher count were found in T₂ than other treatments. The Warner-Bratzler shear force value and sensory scores of cooked pork chunks were significantly (P<60>0.01) higher in T₄ Pork cooked within 5-6 h of slaughter scored significantly lower for the sensory attributes. This study revealed that pork may be cooked by consumers after 10-12 h of slaughter or after 24 h of chilling. Cooking of pork within 5-6 h of slaughter should be avoided and chunks should be made just before cooking.

012638   Puri R G;Meshram P D;Sirsam R S (Chemical Technology Dep, North Maharashtra Univ, Jalgaon-425 001) : Recent developments in smart coatings for corrosion protection. Paintindia 2012, 62(5), 55-61.

Corrosion is a destructive process that often causes failure in metallic components and structures. The best protective coatings that are most commonly used for corrosion control rely mostly on barrier and inhibitive mechanism. However, progressively stringent environmental regulations have resulted in the ban of many commercially available corrosion protective coatings due to the harmful effects of their solvents or corrosion inhibitors. Focuses on recent developments in multifunctional, smart coating which releases corrosion inhibitor as demanded by coating damage and the presence of a corrosive environment for the autonomous control of corrosion. A new generation of anticorrosive coatings possessing passive matrix functionality and active nanocontainers responds to changes in the local environment has prompted great interest. New materials such as nano-structured materials, microcapsules and intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) present opportunities for development of damage-responsive coatings.

8 illus, 86 ref

012637   Phalke A (NO, Bayer Material Science Private Limited, Business Unit: CAS, Thane) : 2K-PUR- the key technology for plastic coatings. Paintindia 2012, 62(1), 93-7.

14 illus, ref

012636   Patel B;Bhatia J;Gupta O P;Soni M (NO, Atul Ltd. (Polymer Div), North-Site Aul-396 020, Dist. Valsad, Gujarat, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Treated fly ash based phenalkamine cured two component cost effective epoxy system. Paintindia 2012, 62(1), 74-8.

There has been a significant market of general purpose epoxies which should have good performance with cost effectiveness. Fly ash is a waste product of industry and is a pollutant thus adding the same to polymer gives extra cost effectiveness in the matrix system. Epoxy resin is chosen for present study owing to its exceptional combination of properties such as easy processing, high safety, excellent solvent and chemical resistance, toughness, low shrinkage on cure, good electrical, mechanical and corrosion resistance with excellent adhesion to many substrates. Phenalkamines are a distinct range of natural epoxy curing agents which offers good flexibility, adhesion, moisture tolerance and non blushing properties. Surface treatment is primary carried out by silane coupling agents to check their effectiveness in improvement of performance properties.

10 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

012635   Paravakkal M A (NO, Asian Paints Research and Technology Center, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai) : Recycling of cellulose waste into coatings using ionic liquids. Paintindia 2012, 62(5), 49-52.

New thoughts of green research lead scientists to develop environmental friendly technologies in every field. Several research and development activities are going on to attain the 3 R concepts: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle in all areas of science and technology. This review focuses on the recovery of cellulose from paper/ wood waste by dissolution in ionic liquids. Ionic liquids are salts in the liquid state exhibiting a melting point and hence not categorised as Volatile Organic Compounds. Cellulose can be recovered from ionic liquids with a relatively homogeneous morphology. The recovered cellulose after modification may be used in coatings as binder, filler/ extender, reinforcing agent or as conventional additives such as rheology modifier. Chloride based ionic liquids which hydrogen bond with cellulose, are used for dissolution of paper/ wood waste. Although expensive, the ionic liquids can be recycled after the regeneration of cellulose leads to an economical and environmental benign process.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

012634   Panda A;Panda H;Panda R;Prakash K (NO, , Devashish Consultants (P) Ltd, 61, West End City, Bidhoulia, Rampur Road, P.O.: Clutterbuckganj-243 502, Bareilly, Email: communication.ap1986@gmail.com) : Unsaturated polyester resin from gum rosin of Pinus merkusii. Paintindia 2012, 62(3), 63-74.

Unsaturated polyester resins, UPE were obtained by reacting the propylene or ethylene glycol, PC or EC, with different acrylopimaric adducts APA, maleic anhydride as a source of double bond, phthalic anhydride and adipic acid as dibasic acids.. The prepared UPE curable resins were evaluated in the field of steel coating by measuring their mechanical properties and chemical resistance.

5 illus, 9 tables, 20 ref

012633   Ogden D (NO, , Technical Development Manager, Lonza Microbial Control, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Innovative in-can preservation. Paintindia 2012, 62(2), 61-3.

Widely used for 40 years, BIT has become the main building block for in-can preservation but has some perceived weaknesses, which can be overcome by using it in combination with other biocides. Now, by combining BIT with Zinc Omadine^TM antimicrobial and thus joining an electrophilic activity with a membrane activity, it is possible to create a biocide that can both inhibit the growth of bacteria and actively break down the cell membrane^says Dave Ogden of Lonza Microbial Control.

3 illus, 3 tables, ref

012632   Narayan R (Polymers & Functional Materials Div, CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad) : New trends in paint formulation and processes. Paintindia 2012, 62(5), 88-97.

21 illus

012631   Mishra B I (NO, Asian PPG Ind. Ltd., L.B.S. Marg, Bhandup (W), Mumbai-400 078) : Silicone release coatings. Paintindia 2012, 62(4), 55-61.

Release coatings are generally used to prevent things from sticking together! These coatings can be temporary or permanent depending on the type of application & perform unique & challenging functions. The most commonly used release coatings are based on Silicones due to their unique chemistry. Silicone release coatings can be solvent or water based or solvent-less catalyses normally with Tin/Platinum depending on application & performance requirements. They can be heat cured or UV cured. From the viewpoint of application substrates, each system has its preferences and advantages. Solvent-based silicones are versatile - they can be used on just about anything. So/vent/ess silicones are used on calendered Kraft, glassine, polycoats, clay-coated papers, and films. Emulsion's growth centers on machine-grade papers and glassine, while UV is primarily used on films. The chemistry allows formulation of systems which can be tailor-made for different applications areas ranging from release labels to diaper closures, health, beauty & medical & many other applications such as non-stick cookware, etc.

7 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

012630   Mascarenhas M (Microbiology Lab., Industrial and Consumer Specialties, Clariant Chemicals (India) Ltd.) : "Green biocides"- understanding and meeting today's challenges. Paintindia 2012, 62(1), 53-6.

Paint biocide manufacturers are increasingly being challenged by various regulatory restrictions as well as consumer demands for safer and better products. This has resulted in the development of new generation biocides with lower toxicity profiles without compromising on their efficacy. This article gives an overview of some of the regulations governing paint biocides and the safer alternative biocide formulations being offered through Clariant's Nipacide range of biocides.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

012629   Manpreet Kaur;Randhawa B S;Tarsikka P S (Chemistry Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: manpreetchem@pau.edu) : Synthesis of Mg_0.3Zn_0.7Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles from thermolysis of Magnesium Zinc Tris(maleato)Ferrate(III) Heptahydrate. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(4), 325-8.

Mg_0.3Zn_0.7Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles are synthesized from the thermolysis of precursor magnesium zinc tris(maleato)ferrate heptahydrate MgZn₂Fe(C₄H₂O₄)₃]₂7H₂O. Thermal decomposition, structural and morphological characterization is studied with simultaneous thermal analysis (STA- viz. TG-DTG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Dehydration of the precursor completed in two steps followed by decomposition reactions to yield unstable zinc and magnesium oxalates; and metastable ferrous oxalate as intermediates, which further decomposed exothermally into MgO, ZnO and α-Fe₂O₃. Solid state reaction between oxide phases formed spinel ferrite Mg_0.3Zn_0.7Fe₂O₄ as final product at 460°C. Presence of superparamagnetism at room temperature in the final thermolysis product is confirmed by Mossbauer spectrum. Ferrite powder is observed with SEM to be mono dispersed and nano sized with average diameter of 45 nm.

5 illus, 21 ref

012628   Mane B G;Dhanze H;Khurana S K;Krofa D;Thakur D (Livestock Products Technology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh) : Quality attributes of fresh ready-to-eat chicken momo marketed at Palampur (Himachal Pradesh). J Vet Publ Hlth 2011, 9(2), 107-9.

Aim of this study was to assess the quality attributes of fresh ready-to- eat chicken momo, a traditional chicken product of Trans-Himalayan region marketed in and around Palampur (HP). In this study, the physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes of fresh ready- to- eat chicken momo were analyzed. The study revealed that chicken momo had a pH of 6.10±0.37 and the proximate composition of moisture content (67.65+1.53), protein content (10.66±1.11), fat content (10.13±1.00), ash content (1.11±0.30) and carbohydrate content (10.54±1.43). The aerobic plate count, coliform count and staphylococcal count were found to be 4.2±0.84, 2.69±0.73 and 2.34±0.66 log₁₀ cfu/g, respectively. The sensory attributes such as appearance, flavor, juiciness and overall acceptability were found to be 6.5±0.71, 7.04±0.55, 6.5±0.66 and 6.98±050, respectively. The chicken momo marketed at Palampur and adjoining areas were found to be physico-chemically, microbiologically and sensorily acceptable and safe for human consumption.

012627   Koodagi K;Mahesha H M;Rajegowda K B A (Agricultural Sciences Univ, Bangalore Krishi Vigyana Kendra, V.C. Farm, Mandya-571 405, Email: appusoundarya@gmail.com) : Microbiogical quality of street foods sold in Dharwad city. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2012, 22(3-4), 273-8.

Street foods, prepared and sold to public are becoming items of commerce as floating population seek more and more ready-to-eat foods. Street foods, with substantial amounts of nutrient contribution, are also likely to deteriorate in their quality due to microbial contamination due to poor handling of food. The microbiological quality analysis revealed that the total bacterial and coliform counts per gram of the street food samples procured from market place were found to be higher except panipuri. sugarcane juice, gobimanchuri and alubonda compared to the samples procured from near park. The total bacterial and coliform counts were found to be highest in egg fried rice and lowest in sambar and upama. In general, all the food samples had high microbial counts.

1 table, 20 ref

012626   Kavita Prakash;Panda R;Panda H;Panda A (Chemistry Dep, Sainik School, Tilaiya, P.O.: Tilaiya Dam, Dist: Koderma, Jharkhand, Email: dcpl.consultancy.2008@gmail.com) : Rosin based anti-fouling paint. Paintindia 2012, 62(1), 57-69.

Biofouling on ship hulls is prevented by the use of antifouling (A/F) paints. Typically, sea water soluble rosin or rosin-derivatives are used as the primary means of adjusting the polishing rate of the current chemically active self-polishing paint systems to a suitable value. This study seeks to attain scientifically founded knowledge of the reaction mechanisms and the rate of reaction with sea water of a Zn-carboxylate of a synthetic rosin compound.

16 illus, 2 tables, ref

012625   James V;Leger P (NO, , Dow Corning Europe S.A., Rue Jules Bordet, Parc Industriel-Zone C, B-7180 Seneffe, Belgium) : Next generation additive performance- modern formulations for decorative paints and coatings. Paintindia 2012, 62(4), 65-9.

This paper demonstrates how silicone chemistry can help the formulator meet both the environmental and performance demands of the end consumer, giving the formulator possibilities to differentiate their product line or indeed achieve the same erformance of current commercial paints or coatings more economically. In doing so they are also meeting the necessary legislative regulations. Dow Corning 87 Additive and Dow Corning 88 Additive are new silicone-based additives which bring differentiated performance to the end user - we will demonstrate how, at low levels (typically 2-5%) these additives impart good water resistance, and we will show examples in architectural paints compared to the incumbent silicone resin emulsion technology (typically used at 5-10%). Dow Corning 87 Additive will also impart water beading, a property typically perceived by the end user as meaning excellent water resistance, giving a 2-in-1 additive option and simplifying the formulation. Lastly we will show the possibilities to bring a anti-blocking as a secondary attribute to wood coatings. Whilst we endeavor to provide the requirements of the end user, of course we also need to consider the needs of the formulator during the paint making process! They too have needs to meet, especially with respect to foam control, which can cause problems during the manufacturing and filling processes. In this paper we will also show how Dow Corning 62 Additive and Dow Corning 68 Additive - high solids silicone emulsions - can be used at lower addition levels to achieve good foam control. Finally all these attributes must come at an affordable cost. We will demonstrate the effectiveness of the various Dow Corning additives at low addition levels in the paint to reach this final goal.

8 illus, 1 table, ref

012624   Guojing X;Dongwei L;Shengli G;Qiankun P; Binquan J (NO, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing Univ, Chongqing-400 044, China, Email: j.binquan@cqu.edu.cn) : Properties of heavy metal in coal from seam K1, K2 and K3 of Songzao coal mine in Chongqing. Res J Chem Envir 2014, 18(1), 45-53.

The average consumption of coal in Chongqing is 60 million tons every year and it would increase in the next decade steadily. 1/3 of coal consumed in Chongqing is from Songzao coal mine. By taking the coal samples from seam Kl, K2 and K3 of Songzao coal mine in Chongqing as the research objects, the total amount of heavy metal was studied. Among Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Pb, Cu is the element whose content is the highest and the content of Cd is the least, less then 3 mg/kg. Besides, there is an obvious trend that the content of these five kinds of heavy metal decreases in turn from seam Kl to seam K3. The content of Cu in coal from seam Kl reaches 152.25mg/kg and that of Cd in coal from seam K3 is as low as 1.32 mg/kg. By using the X-Ray diffraction instrument, the major mineral phases and different forms of heavy metal in coal from seam K1, K2 and K3 of Songzao coal mine were discussed through XRD patterns with the help of MDI Jade 5.0. The coal samples from seam Kl, K2 and K3 all contain several kinds of major mineral phases including Quartz, Kaolinite, Pyrite, Anatase and so on. Heavy metal in coal samples from different seams exists in different forms. In coal samples from seam Kl and K3, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As are all in the forms of compound. In coal from seam K2, Cu, Zn and Cd exist in the forms of simple substance partly.

30 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

012623   Gulia N;Khatkar B S (Food Technology Dep, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: bhup2009@hotmail.com) : Assessment of Instant Noodle Quality of Diverse Wheat Varieties. Ann Agri Bio Res 2013, 18(1), 65-9.

Instant noodle quality of different wheat varieties was assessed to outline the influence of flour characteristics on noodle oil uptake, cooking quality, textural properties and overall acceptability. Wheat flour with higher protein content and SDS sedimentation volume showed significantly lower noodle oil uptake, increased cooking time, cooked weight and also improved the noodle textural attributes. Protein content was the key factor which determined the oil uptake and cooking time of instant noodle among other flour chracteristics, while dough rheological parameters dough development time and stability affected the instant noodle overall acceptability positively and negatively respectively.

3 tables, 15 ref

012622   Giri N A;Taur A T;Kshirsagar R B;Yadav G B (Food Engineering Dep, College of Food Technology, Marathwada Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Parbhani-431 402) : Studies on formulation and evaluation of fiber rich food bars. Indian J Nutr Diet 2012, 49(6), 243-7.

Good quality, low cost, high calorie, fiber rich food bars can be prepared with 20 per cent rolled oat in the standard recipe bar. These bars were also found to be overall acceptable to the consumers and hence the developed technology for the preparation of fiber rich food bar was simple, cheap, techno economically feasible and contributing health benefits to the consumers and can be explored commercially for the entrepreneurs and stakeholders.

4 tables, 6 ref

012621   Gillatt J (NO, , Thor Specialities (UK) Limited, Wincham Avenue, Northwich CW9 6GB, UK, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Development of stable, durable, environmentally friendly and cost effective dry-film biocides. Paintindia 2012, 62(3), 77-84.

Of the three main groups of microorganisms that can infect paints and similar surface coatings it is fungi and algae that are especially problematic after the material has been applied. Fungi cause surface disfigurement and actual degradation, whilst algae also detract from the product's aesthetic qualities as well as retaining high levels of moisture with resultant damage. Exterior surfaces can become infected with both types of organisms and broad-spectrum antifungal/antialgal biocides have been developed to prevent such growths. However, changing EU regulations relating to the labelling of such biocides, pressure from environmental and consumer groups and revised regulations concerning insulation of buildings have placed greater and greater demands on biocides and have created a need for new products with novel properties. Much of the pressure for change results from European legislation. However, the new formulations developed as a result of it are ideally suited to the harsh Sub-Continent climate. Active agents can be protected against UV degradation, alkaline attack and leaching and enable products with reduced toxicity, environmental impact and less tendency to cause discolouration as well as providing improved, cost effective performance.

7 illus, 5 tables, 25 ref

012620   Gangwar P (Business Development Coatings, Adhesives and Specialties Bayer Material Science Private Limited, Thane, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Two component solventborne polyurethane topcoats-formulation variables affecting weathering performance. Paintindia 2012, 62(2), 83-6.

Polyurethane topcoats are the acknowledged quality standard in steel constructions. Whether cranes, bridges, offshore or marine - whenever steel needs to be protected from corrosion and weather stable coatings with long lasting appearance are required, polyurethane topcoats are the preferred solution. In this paper, the weathering performance of two-component polyurethane topcoats used in corrosion protection applications, e.g. bridges, marine, stadia, etc., is discussed with emphasis on some key formulating variables. Variables such as isocyanate index and resin selection are compared in an accelerated weathering study using various polyurethane topcoats. The results are referenced to SSPC polyurethane coating specifications which are often used in the industry to define performance criteria.

1 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

012619   Enache A I;Vaireanu D I (Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica of Bucharest Univ, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, 060042, Romania, Email: enache_andreea1985@yahoo.com) : Use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for interactions between food and/or the food additives and the packaging materials. Res J Chem Envir 2014, 18(1), 7-13.

Attempts to present a possible use of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the presence or absence of some interactions between food and/or the food additives with the packaging materials. Although the initial scope was to qualitatively indicate the presence of these interactions, one has gone further by proposing a relative interaction index R_Int, taken as a relative value of the polarization resistance supplied from electrochemical impedance spectrograms with reference to the initial point in time and by doing so one has now also a quantitative index for quantifying the said interactions. The experiments conducted on two different samples and evaluated within six month time interval showed that this method yields good results.

4 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

012618   Chalke P R;Sonavane P N;Adat S S;Gharge C P (Horticulture Dep, M.P. Krishi VidyaPeeth, Rahuri, Dist-Ahmednagar, Rahuri-413 722, Email: pandurangchalke@gmail.com) : Effect of packaging on storage behaviour of ready-to-serve beverage of unripe mango cv. keshar. Green Fmg 2012, 3(2), 244-5.

Using the pulp variety Keshar, beverage was prepared with 15% pulp, 15°Brix TSS and 0.30% acidity and this beverage was treated with three packaging materials viz., glass bottle, standing pouch and PET bottle and stored at cold storage of 5-7°C. The data regarding physico-chemical parameters viz., TSS, acidity, pH, total sugars reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, microbial count and organoleptic evaluation was recorded at an interval of 15 days. Increase in TSS, pH, total sugars, reducing sugars and microbial count, while decrease in acidity, non-reducing sugars and ascorbic acid was observed in irrespective of variety and packaging materials. The rate of decrease was found to be more in beverage stored in standing pouch and PET bottle as compared to glass bottle. The beverage of Keshar variety packed in glass bottle showed maximum acceptability over rest of the treatments.

1 table, 10 ref

012617   Bittle L;Singh S K (NO, , Wacker Chemie AG, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Meeting tomorrow's demands today: VAE-based emulsions for the Indian paints and coatings market. Paintindia 2012, 62(2), 64-6.

5 illus, ref

012616   Bhatia J;Gupta O;Soni M (NO, Atul Ltd. (Polymer-Div), North-Site Atul-396 020, Dist. Valsad, Gujarat, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Modified epoxy resin systems for good colour and gloss enhancement and strength improvement of light coloured marble. Paintindia 2012, 62(2), 53-6.

As evident the natural stones are weak and also contains lots of surface irregularities, it is generally recommended to treat the natural stones with chemicals to gain strength along with visual appealing properties like gloss and colour enhancement. The main objective behind development of novel epoxy resin system is to attain such properties along with good water and chemical resistance. The resulting treated and polished stone showed significant gloss, colour enhancement, good water resistance, improved a/kali, and acid resistance.

3 tables, 4 ref

012615   Bhanishana R K;Montessori N;Hemochandra L; Sharma R;Das R (Botany and Plant Pathology Dep, CoA, C.A.U., Imphal, Manipur, Email: rkbhani@yahoo.com) : Role of hamei in the preparation of alcohol. Life Sci Bull 2012, 9(2), 379-82.

Hamei, the fermented food ingredient is prepared by mixing powdered rice and sun dried bark of Albizia myriophylla locally known as Yangli. But for better yield and production of alcohol, hamei is used and acts as starter or catalyst. Preparation of alcohol, with addition of Hamei and without Hamei was conducted during 2005. The process of alcohol production was found to be enhanced and taste of alcohol was better and improved. The quantity of alcohol production was also found to be increased in Hamei added alcohol preparation over the untreated (without Hamei addition) alcohol preparation.

4 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

012614   Banerjee D;Duari B;Dey R;Chaudhuri B;Sarkar D (NO, M.I.T., Bishnupur) : Studies on the corrosion characteristics of a few coated reinforced TMT bars used in concrete structure. Paintindia 2012, 62(4), 49-53.

The corrosion behavior of coated reinforced TMT bars used in conjunction with concrete structure have been investigated individually and also with various conditions of coated concretes. Corrosion characteristics of the coated & uncoated materials were measured then potentiostatically. The /_corr & E_corr values were calculated using Gamry Echem Software and Tafel's extrapolation methods. The measurements were made based on the principle of Evans diagram I_corr is free corrosion current & if it is more, it is corroding faster. E_corr value if less negative is more safer & if it tends to zero it is less corroding and at zero value there is no corrosion. If E_corr value is positive then it is considered as nobler or getting protected. Comparing the results it has been observed that polyurethane coating in reinforced TMT bars seems to be a potential coating material for resistance to corrosion.

15 illus, 1 table, ref

012613   Anese M;Mirolo G;Fabbro A;Lippe G (Food Science Dep, Udine Univ, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy, Email: giovanna.lippe@uniud.it) : Lycopene bioaccessibility and bioavailability from processed foods. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(9-10), 543-7.

Lycopene is one of the most abundant caroteinoids naturally occurring in red fruits and vegetables, especially tomato and its derivatives. It has potent antioxidant activity and can reduce risk of certain chronic diseases and cancers. A key limitation of lycopene use is that its intestinal absorption is far to be complete and highly variable depending on food processing. Consuming fat markedly increases efficiency of lycopene absorption, while other dietary components may reduce lycopene bioavailability. Heat treatment is quite effective in improving lycopene bioaccessibility by breaking down food matrix without affecting its content. High power ultrasound treatments of tomato pulp markedly decrease lycopene bioaccessibility, possibly due to lycopene entrapment in a stronger pectin network. This study reviews lycopene bioaccessibility and bioavailability from processed foods.

1 illus, 1 table, 47 ref

012612   Ahlawat K S;Khatkar B S;Sushil;Gulia N (Food Technology Dep, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001 (Haryana), India, Email: bhup2009@hotmail.com) : Effect of procesing and storage on sensory properties and acemannan content of Aloe vera gel. Ann Agri Bio Res 2013, 18(1), 70-3.

Aloe vera gel was extracted from healthy disease free leaves of 4 years old mature plants. A process technology with respect to draining time of yellow exudates from aloe vera leaves, charcoal treatment time, degree of heat treatment and amount of xanthan gum added to fresh aloe vera gel was standardized to produce an acceptable stabilized aloe vera gel possessing improved sensory attributes and having bioactive principle (acemannan) in amounts comparable to fresh aloe vera gel. Results demonstrated that draining the yellow exudates from leaves for 90 min, charcoal treatment of 90 min, heat treatment of 85°C for 30 min and addition of xanthan gum at 0.5% (w/w) to fresh aloe vera gel was found appropriate to produce acceptable stabilized aloe vera gel. The stabilized aloe vera gel processed by the standardized method was studied for changes in its sensory attributes and acemannan content over a storage period of 90 days at ambient temperature (30°C±2°C). Results demonstrated that the stabilized aloe vera gel had appealing colour, taste, flavour and appearance, superior to that of fresh aloe vera gel and at the same time had acemannan content comparable to fresh gel over the storage period.

3 tables, 19 ref

011565   Stonis T (NO, , ) : Phenalkamide technology: a new breed of epoxy curing agent. Paintindia 2012, 62(7), 64-6.

011564   Shah T M;Dighe A K (Usha Coatings, GIDC, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 121) : Temperature resistance organic coatings- chemistry and application: an overview. Paintindia 2012, 62(8), 53-60.

5 illus, 19 ref

011563   Santosh Kumar;Ashfaq A;Saadia A (Environmental Engineer, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, A.M.U., Aligarh) : Application of innovative microbial technology (EM) for treatment of wastewater. Pollut Res 2011, 30(3), 371-5.

It is necessary to find low cost solutions to treat cassava wastewater tailored to the social and economic level of the industries to avoid dumping into rivers or on the soil, causing serious environmental impact. In this paper, the case study refers to processes soft drinks, generating a daily average of 280KLD of wastewater. The aim of this work is to introduce the EM technology for the reduction of hydrochloric acid consumption, power consumption, introduction of beneficial bacteria into the system & the microbiological adjustment of the wastewater treatment plant, reduce the quantity of sludge, physico-chemical parameters and reduce over all ETP running cost. There was no requirement of HC1, urea & DAP with significant reduction in MLSS. Average BOD₃ removal was about 92%, arriving 96%, with a minimum value of 6 mg/L in the final effluent, demonstrating that EM technology is efficient and feasible. The present work highlights the process and successes achieved by this system in wastewater management at low cost and with a high degree of success.

9 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

011562   Panda A;Panda R;Panda H;Prakash K (NO, , 61, West End City, Bidholia, Rampur Road, P.O.: Clutterbuckganj-243 502, Bareilly, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Specialty chemicals from gum rosin. Paintindia 2012, 62(9), 49-64.

Synthesis of new polymeric materials from renewable natural resources has become a rapidly growing area, as these materials could potentially replace or partially replace environmentally and energy unfavorable plastics derived from petroleum chemicals. However, applications of renewable polymers are significantly behind petroleum-derived polymers, partially because of relative high cost and limitations in the monomer resources and therefore derived polymers. Thus, the development of novel low-cost and scalable monomers from renewable resources is essential. We have tried to produce different low cost products in the field of surfactants.

2 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

011561   Kumari B;Singh J N;Kumari S;Sinha R K;Soni K (Livestock Products Technology Dep, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna-800 014, Email: bibhababyet@rediffmail.com) : Influence of packaging on physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities of chicken nuggets. Indian vet J 2012, 89(10), 119-21.

1 table, 8 ref

011560   Khadij N;Barati A;Davarnejad R (Chemical Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering Arak Univ, Arak 38156-8349, Iran, Email: negin1570@yahoo.com) : Investigation of kinetic properties of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide crosslinked by transient metal ligand. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(11), 669-72.

Aim of this study was to investigate the kinetic properties of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide gel. The hydrolyzed polyacrylamide was synthesized by free radical mechanism. The optimum molecular weight for the gel preparation was then obtained after examination of various factors such as average molecular weight, initiator concentration and reaction time in the gelation process. The main interaction which creates supramolecular gel is metal ligand coordination between carboxylate groups and chromium ions, and amide groups. These bonds were confirmed by FTIR and UV-Visible spectra techniques. Furthermore, the XRD showed crystalline structure in the gel.

3 illus, 32 ref

011559   Kapole S;Ranade O;Patil S;Sane G (NO, D.E. Society's Technical Institute, BMCC Road, FC Campus Pune-411 004) : Effect of free monomer TDI content in the hardener on properties of the 2K PU coatings. Paintindia 2012, 62(8), 61-4.

Comparative analysis of samples of isocyanate of different free monomer content is carried out by testing of samples for pot life, initial nail hardness, pencil hardness, recoatability and petrol resistance, comparative analysis is done in order to increase the extent of curing and it was observed that failure in film properties (in sample B, 2Pack acrylic isocyanate system) was due to higher un-reacted monomeric isocyanate content.

13 tables, 13 ref