011558   Kannan G;Selladurai V;Karthi S (NO, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641 014, Email: khannavignesh@yahoo.co.in) : Swaging process for productivity improvement in the manufacture of spindles. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(11), 681-4.

Improvement in productivity will be achieved through utilization of resources in a better way. Economy and efficiency are two routes to achieve improvements in productivity. In this journal paper, designing the Spindle Blade and Aluminium Plug in the spindle assembly used in Textile Frames have been deliberated by analyzing the trials conducted on different processes and machine tools for reducing cost and improving productivity. Conventionally, a copying lathe is utilized for the manufacture of the spindle blades and the aluminium plugs. In this journal paper, the design analysis and optimization of spindles have been attempted through a swaging process. In addition to increasing the productivity, swaging process also saves considerable amount of material and labour with increase in tensile strength of Spindles.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

011557   James V;Shen R (NO, , ) : The versatility of silicones- anti-flooding and anti-floating titanium dioxide dispersants. Paintindia 2012, 62(8), 65-7.

Whilst silicones can offer many benefits to the formulator,: choosing the right chemistry for the right job is critical. Dow Corning 3 Additive offers a high molecular weight, reactive material to the market that can improve paint consistency by preventing flooding and floating. Using this additive either in the pigment grinding or by post addition at a very low addition level, allows the formulator to achieve excellent cost-in-use performance. Need something for waterborne coatings, where anti-flood-ing and anti-floating problems are even more difficult to solve? Call Dow Corning today to discuss potential solutions for your needs.

6 illus, 2 tables, ref

011556   Guhl D (NO, TIB Chemicals AG, Germany, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Improving resin colors. Paintindia 2012, 62(9), 65-7.

6 tables, ref

011555   Groote D;Hutchins M;Chen A;Cappelle S;Kanouni M;Zhang I (NO, , , Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Latest development of energy curable resin for high performance easy-to-clean hardcoats. Paintindia 2012, 62(9), 68-70.

2 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

011554   Goel K;Singh M (NO, School of Chemical Sciences, Central Gujarat Univ, Gandhinagar-382 030, Email: mansingh50@hotmail.com) : Entroenthalpics: new model for solving solubility problem of high molecular weight biocompatible PVP macromolecules. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(11), 648-54.

PVP of 10,000; 29,000; 40,000 and 55,000 g/mol of their 0.001,0.003,0.005,0.007 and 0.009 mass fractions separately were solubilized in water at T= (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K at an interval of 5°C temperature. The solubility has been a primary parameter for preparing their mixtures with water for industrial applications. Since, solubility and physicochemical properties (PCP) are closely associated for useful formulations. Thus, in the present work their densities, viscosities, surface tension, sound velocity, refractive index and UV absorption study are reported. The density increases by 0.04% with an increase in mass fraction by 0.002, irrespective of the molecular weights of PVP. In general, on increasing the concentration of PVP; the increase in viscosity is 1.44; 2.67; 3.69 and 3.81% at T= (293.15 to 308.15) K, respectively. Analysis of UV absorption reveals the stabilization at 220 nm for PVP 10,000 and the absorption maxima is less than PVP 10,000 by 0.468. At an arbitrary point 1.5 on absorbance scale the wavelength is being narrowed down by 21, 11,9, and 9 nm with an increase in molecular weights, reveals that UV light is unable to influence interacting behaviour of PVP higher molecular weights.

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

011553   Bernquist H;Ramakrishnan S;Saindane B (NO, Perstorp AB, Sweden, Email: author.paintindia@gmail.com) : Ymer N120: use in nonionic polyurethane dispersions. Paintindia 2012, 62(9), 73-6.

This article presents information concerning a nonionic diol that can be incorporated laterally in polyurethane backbones in order to achieve internal stabilization of polyurethane dispersions. The benefits of using the nonionic diol, in terms of tolerance of the resulting dispersion against electrolytes and shear forces, have been investigated. In addition, the tolerance of the resulting polyurethane coating against polar solvents has also been studied. The nonionic diol was observed to be an efficient dispersant, functioning well together with anionic stabilization in the form of Bis-MPA (dimethylol propionic acid). The lateral positioning of the nonionic segments was observed to greatly improve the dispersion stability and reduce the sensitivity of the corresponding polyurethane coating to solvents. A comparative study between nonionic & anionic PUD clearly shows that nonionic stabilization provides more electrolytic & shear stability.

6 tables, ref

011552   Bennett P (NO, , Durhan, Rockwood Pigments, UK) : Strontium driers. Paintindia 2012, 62(7), 67-8,78.

011551   Bathiri G (NO, Asian Paints R&T Centre, Mumbai) : Media mill & grinding media. Paintindia 2012, 62(7), 54-61.

Dispersion of powders into vehicle is a critical component in paint manufacturing and a variety of processing equipments are available to do the job. Among them, those which use grinding media (media mills) are of paramount importance. Understanding the grinding mechanisms operating in these mills and the factors influencing their operational efficiency is essential while choosing processing machinery for a particular application. In addition to that, knowing about the various types of grinding media, their pros & cons, mechanism of energy transfer by the media into the mill base and various factors which influence the same would be an added advantage. This article strives to provide the reader an understanding on these, thereby enabling an appropriate choice. This review article discusses media mills and milling media under two distinct sections.

9 illus, 17 ref

011550   Banerjee R (Physical/Materials Chemistry Div, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008) : Porous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for reversible gas storage and sequestration applications. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2012, 78(4), 693-9.

The decreasing amount of fossil fuels and increasing threat of global warming from the pollutants have driven the search for clean energy source. Energy sources from fossil fuels still remain in the forefront despite being a major source of increased CO₂ content in the atmosphere. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for hydrogen storage and CO₂ sequestration. Several factors influencing the hydrogen uptake of porous MOFs such as surface area, catenation, ligand functionalization, doping with alkali metals and unsaturated metal centers have been extensively studied. Similarly, well defined periodicity and tunable pore sizes along with less basic amino-functionalized MOFs enables them favourable for fast and reversible CO₂ gas adsorption at low partial pressure and room temperature. In this review, we present diverse aspects of metal organic frameworks like fluorination, amino functionalization for high hydrogen storage and CO₂ sequestration capabilities.

4 illus, 11 ref

011549   Ashfaq A;Farooqui I H;Malik A (NO, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, A.M.U., Aligarh) : Study on the removal characteristics of copper and cadmium from aqueous solution by sludge. Pollut Res 2011, 30(3), 349-52.

Equilibrium and kinetics has been studied for the removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from dilute aqueous solution onto the activated sludge, generated from the brewery plant. The parameters such as pH, equilibrium time, effect of initial metal concentration, effect of biosorbent dosages were studied. Initial metal concentrations varied from 10 to 100 mg/L. An initial pH of 5.0 and 5.5 were found most favourable for the Cu(II) and Cd(II) removal. The optimum biosorption conditions for temperature and biomass concentration has been found at 25°C and 1.0 mg/L respectively. Two theoretical isotherm models namely Langmuir and Freundlich, were analysed for the applicability of the experimental data. The maximum biosrption capacity for Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions were obtained as 37.68 mg and 46.58 mg per g of the biosorbent applied. It was also found that biosorption of heavy metals ions followed second-order kine'tics. The equilibrium adsorbed amount also increased with the initial concentration of the metal ions.

6 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

011548   Ashfaq A (NO, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, A.M.U., Aligarh) : Cadmium (II) removal from aqueous solution by dried activated sludge biomass. Pollut Res 2011, 30(3), 357-60.

Removal of heavy and toxic metal cation, Cd(II), from aqueous solution was investigated at pilot scale using counter-current contact mode. Initial metal concentrations varied from 10-100 mg/ lit. The optimum biosorption conditions for pH, temperature and biomass concentration has been found at 5.5, 25°C and 1.0 mg/L respectively. The equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm models. The pseudo first and second order kinetic models were used for the description of the kinetic data. The experimental data fitted well to the second order kinetic model. The maximum biosrption capacity was obtained as 46.58 mg/g of the biosorbent applied. The results indicate that dried activated sludge can be used as an efficient and economic biosorbent for the removal of toxic heavy aqueous wastes even at higher concentration.

6 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

011547   Anusha G;Suneeth Kumar S M (Civil Engineering Dep, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: anushaivasbit@gmail.com) : Adsorption of iron from aqueous solution using small gooseberry seeds as adsorbent. Pollut Res 2011, 30(3), 361-3.

The presence of iron is probably the most common water problem faced by consumers and water treatment professionals. Iron may cause conjunctivitis, choroiditis, and retinitis if it contacts and remains in the tissues. Hence to remove iron from water among the methods available, adsorption has gained popularity due to several advantages. A batch study adsorption has been conducted by adsorption process using activated carbon prepared from gooseberry seeds as adsorbent and the removal efficiency are determined by optimizing the parameters such as dosage, time, pH and concentration. The maximum removal efficiency was found to be more than 89.5%. This experimental study proves to be an economical method of iron removal since the developed product is a waste product. Even small industries with iron bound wastewater can adopt this method of treatment and hence prevent the polluted water entering the stream.

1 table, 3 ref

010473   Take A M;Patil M M (Food Technology Dep, S.P. College of Food Technology, Kharawate-Dahiwali, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, Email: ajaytake24@gmail.com) : Studies on preparation of guava jam blended with sapota. Asian J Home Sci 2012, 7(2), 441-6.

Jam is prepared from fruit pulp by boiling with sufficient quantity of sugar to a moderately thick consistency. There are different types of fruit jams like strawberry jam, mango jam, pineapple jam, apple jam, mixed fruit jam. Hence, an attempt was made to find out the possibilities of mixing guava and sapota for making jam and utilizing a major portion of marketable surplus of guava. Guava and sapota pulp were blended in the ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 to prepare blended jams. The treatment T₄ with 60 per cent guava pulp and 40 per cent sapota pulps showed significantly less titrable acidity (1.05%), higher TSS (74.2°Bx) and total sugar (67.28%). Among the blended jams, the highest scores for colour (8.64), flavour (8.88), consistency (8.97), taste (8.12) and overall acceptability (8.78) was judged in the treatment 60 per cent guava pulp and 40 per cent sapota pulp. Treatment T₄, 60 per cent guava pulp and 40 per cent sapota pulp was more in red colour.

1 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

010472   Samanta A K;Chakraborty S;Guha Roy T K (Jute and Fibre Tecnology (IJT) Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35, Ballygunge Circular oad, Kolkata-700 019, Email: ijt_aksamanta@hotmail.com) : Dyeing of jute with reactive dyes: optimisation of the process variables and assessment of colourfastness characteristics. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2012, 93(1), 15-24.

This paper deals with the studies on the effect of dye concentration, electrolyte (common salt) concentration, dyeing time, dyeing temperature, soda ash concentration, pH of the dye solution and material to liquor ratio (MLR) on colour strength and other colour parameters after being dyed of jute fabrics with reactive dyes, namely, Turquoise blue, Lemon Yellow, Red CN colours. The dye absorption increases with increase in electrolyte (common salt) concentration, dyeing time, dyeing temperature, soda ash concentration, pH and decreases with increase of MLR. Colour fastness to wash, light and rubbing for the dyed samples has been studied and reported. It is observed that reactive dye gives overall good colour fastness to both washing and rubbing. But the light fastness has been found to be moderate only, due to the UV-light initiated fading of jute fibre itself change of the colour substrate, ie, undyed material. This colour fastness has been significantly resolved by post treatment with 1% benzotriazole.

1 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

010471   Revathi D;Singh V (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, C.S.A. Agriculture and Technology Univ, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: svinita2008@gmail.com) : Studies on chemical analysis of whey based pineapple beverage. Asian J Home Sci 2012, 7(2), 393-5.

Whey is a nutritious byproduct from cheese, Chhana and Paneer containing valuable nutrients like lactose, proteins, minerals and vitamins etc., which have indispensable value as human food. The pineapple flavoured paneer whey beverage was prepared with the addition of different level of whey, sugar and pineapple flavour. 9 formulations were prepared was studied for the chemical analysis on an average the pineapple flavoured paneer whey beverage of treatment T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅, T₆, T₇, T₈, and T₉ contained fat 0.36, 0.36, 0.36, 0.34, 0.34, 0.34, 0.32, 0.32 and 0.32 per cent, protein 0.62, 0.62, 0.62, 0.58, 0.58, 0.58, 0.54, 0.54 and 0.54 per cent, ash 0.41, 0.41, 0.40, 0.37, 0.37, 0.36, 0.34, 0.34 and 0.34 per cent, total solid 15.51, 15.51, 15.51, 17.30, 17.30, 17.30, 18.45, 18.45 and 18.45 per cent, Lactose 4.02, 4.02, 4.02, 3.85, 3.85, 3.85, 3.75, 3.75 and 3.75 per cent, respectively. The percentage of protein, ash, fat and lactose content of the product decreased with increasing level of sugar but the percentage of total solid content increased with increasing level of sugar.

1 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

010470   Jha P K;Mahto V;Saxena V K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, Email: vikas.ismpe@gmail.com) : Rheological and filtration properties of oil-in-water emulsion for its application in oil and gas well drilling. J Petrol Engng Technol 2013, 3(3), 25-30.

This research article investigates the rheological and filtration properties of oil-in-water emulsion required for oil and gas well drilling. The rheological and filtration properties of the emulsions were enhanced by varying concentrations of xanthan gum and CaCO₃. The concentration of diesel oil was varied in the range of 5-30% (v/v). The concentration of xanthan gum was varied in the range of 0.25-1% (w/v) and CaCO₃ in the range of 1-4% (w/v). It has been observed that these combinations have favourable rheological and filtration properties up to 70°C temperature which implies that the developed system may be used as drilling fluid for its application in sub hydrostatic formations.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

010469   Gade S R;Kshirsagar R B;Sawate A R;Patil B M (Food Engineering Dep, College of Food Technology, M.A.U. Parbhani-431 401) : Studies on effect of drying method on quality attributes of instant pooran mix. Indian J Nutr Diet 2012, 49(5), 206-13.

It can be concluded that a good quality pooran poli (sugar and jaggery based) enriched with nutritional constituents can be conveniently prepared in a very short time by instant pooran mix powder. The developed technology for preparation of instant pooran mix powder was simple and cheap and can be commercially explored. The physical characteristics of instant pooran mix prepared with different drying methods indicated that the cabinet dried instant pooran mix powder was the best than rest of the instant pooran mix powders with respect to bulk density, per cent dispersability and water absorption capacity. The cabinet dried instant pooran mix powder was found to be good with respect to nutritional and organoleptic characteristics.

1 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

010468   Divya A R;Jayashree S;Bhogi B (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, College of Agriculture, Hassan, Karnataka, Email: jayashreess.2007@rediffmail.com) : Effect of storage on the sensory quality of sapota candy as influenced by different storage methods. Asian J Home Sci 2012, 7(2), 503-7.

The present investigation was carried to know the effect of storage on the sensory quality of sapota candy as influenced by different storage methods. The selected candy samples were packed in three different types of packages namely MMPE (metalized multilayered polyethylene) pouches, PP (poly propylene) pouches and polyethene pouches and stored at ambient conditions and refrigerated conditions to study the shelf-life of the candy. The candy from 30/40/500Brix syrup dried at 600C and stored in MMPE pouches at ambient condition was judged best by the judges with respect to all the sensory quality parameters. The candy from this treatment had gained relatively higher sensory score for colour (3.4), flavour (3.0), taste (3.4) and overall acceptability (3.5) up to 60 days of storage.

1 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref

010467   Divakar S;Krishnaja U;Cherian S (Home Science Dep, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum-695 522) : Production and analysis of vinegar from pineapple waste. Indian J Nutr Diet 2012, 49(5), 214-18.

Irrespective of using skin or core or pulp after juice extraction, the vinegar from pineapple waste was found to be acceptable, when added as an ingredient of vegetable pickles. However the yield was higher when all the waste materials namely skin, core and pulp (S₄) were used together (820 ml). Since this pineapple based vinegar is more of a natural product, which is of low cost, it can be recommended as a value added bi product of pineapple processing industry. There is great scope to promote this natural vinegar to our population who are becoming health conscious.

1 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

009472   Sinha S K (NO, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Metal foams - a novel field of metallurgy. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(3), 175-85.

Metal foams cellular metals have gained an important role in the field of metallurgy, though barely a few decades old. Generally, there are three stages of matter: solid, liquid, gaseous. Cellular metals or metal foams belong to the solid state. In solid metals defect like blow holes are undesirable. Even a single blow hole drastically reduces the strength of metals or alloys. Whiskers and a single crystal are defect free and possess very high strength but their manufacturing and processing cost are very high. In contrast, cellular metals or metal foams are full of holes but provides unique combination of properties allowing them for much application where solid metals fail. The holes (cells) in cellular me

2 illus, 15 ref

009471   Raj A;Goswami B;Ray A K (R V S College of Engineering & Technology, , Jamshedpur-831 012, Email: anant_raj2002@yahoo.com) : Precipitation, recrystallization and elemental propositions in micro-alloyed steels. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(3), 155-73.

Aim of microalloyed steel has been solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Austenitic solid solutions at greater temperature have produced precipitation during cooling. In vanadium carbonitride (V(C,N)) nitrogen has major role in precipitation sequence and kinetics. Vanadium diffusion has been rate controlling in the growth of carbonitride precipitation. Kinetics of static recrystallization critical temperature (SRCT) has studied to be a function of strain, austenite grain size and microalloy content of steel. V(C,N) has stated to improve steel properties by ferrite formation instead bainite. Interphase boundary precipitation of vanadium has related to boundary migration during ferrite transformation from austenite in isothermal phase transformation. Studies on heat-treatment of service exposed rotor steel has showed removal of grain boundary precipitates and regaining life by formation of equi-disperse precipitation over matrix at the expense of grain boundary precipitates. Long term boiler tube applications has stated to be formation of coherent precipitation, which in subsequent period has formed stable Laves phases to control over microstructural stability. Hydrogen embrittlement has reduced by trapping source in steel. Vanadium precipitates has been effective source for trapping. V precipitates act one type of trap with specific activation energy. Phosphorous segregation has always appeared too dominated through grain boundaries than bulk diffusion.

7 tables, 29 ref

009470   Pandey D K (Amity Business School, Amity Univ, Madhya Pradesh, Maharajpura, Gwalior-474 020, Email: dkp567@gmail.com) : Review of SKUs in the indian paint industry. Indian J Market 2013, 43(4), 12-17.

A stock-keeping unit or SKU is a unique identifier for each distinct product that can be purchased. SKUs are used in data management, enabling the company to systematically track its inventory or product availability. Each SKU is attached to a Product, Shade and Pack Size. The Decorative or architectural segment (which constitutes upto 70% of the total paint market) involves a very wide choice in terms of products, shades and pack sizes. In addition to this, in order to offer innovative products, companies are continuously offering newer shades to match the colour of carpets/curtains etc. Initially, these shades are produced in anticipation and once the market accepts these shades, they are produced regularly. While Industrial Paints are available in bulk packs of 20lt and 200lt, decorative paints are available in 20lt, 10lt, 4lt, 1lt, 500ml, 200ml, 100ml and 50ml packs. Enamel category alone has got around 720 SKUs. The combination of different products, shades and packs sizes resulted in over 2500 SKUs for Asian Paints. Through a survey of paint dealers, effort has been made to analyze the reasons for accumulation of slow moving stock, and the solutions adopted by the dealers to liquidate these stocks. The paper concludes by suggesting remedies to deal with high inventory cost and a large number of SKUs.

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

009469   Murugesan S;Rajeshkannan C;Mayavel A; Senthilkumar N;Suresh Babu D (Bioprospecting Div, Institute of Forest Genetics & Tree Breeding, Coimbatore-641 002, Email: murugeshirdi@icfre.org) : Bioprospecting of forest natural resources: as natural dyes. Pestology 2012, 36(11), 26-33.

Ability of natural dyes to colour textiles has been known since ancient times. At present the textile industry virtually exclusively uses synthetic dyes which are based on petrocnemical production. However, the application of plant dyes in the dyeing industry would provide fundamental benefits in respect of the natural environment. However, the use of plant dyes in the textile industry is challenging for multiple reasons, primarily with regard to questions of procurement, logistics and product quality. The use of plant dyes in the textile industry has good chances to prevail at least as a niche product in the high-price segment. For the dyeing companies the use of plant dyes represents a good chance to survive in the international competition. By supplying regional resources and producing high-qualitative textiles a market niche can be established which will be independent from the world price and cheap imports. This can lead to a more sustainable organisation of the supply chain in the textile industry which will create value for the local communities. Natural colours are preferred over artificial colours worldwide due to the side effects associated with the artificial colourants. The demand for natural colours has experienced significant growth, and analysts forecast it will continue to increase. As consumers become more skeptical of mass production techniques and safety issues. Other functional colours are anthocyanins, which can produce reds instead of using artificial red colour. These anthocyanins are natural pigments found in grapes, elderberries, black currants, red cabbage and other fruits and vegetables and they add a unique, natural shade of red to many products. Pigments from plant products can be combined with a suitable carrier formulation to create an attractive textile colour. Research carried out at the Forest Research Institute has led to the development of processes for the extraction of natural dyes from some abundantly occurring plant materials of forest origin. The forest biomass can be used for the production of dye of cottage scale, thus leading to employment generation for the people through value addition to the non-wood forest products along with creating an additional source of revenue. Due to environmental awareness the natural dyes obtained from plants and animals are the dyes of 21st century. Their production as well as trade is anticipated to increase manifold in the times to come.

3 tables, 25 ref

009468   Ebrahimifar H;Zandrahimi M (Islamic Azad University, , , Email: hadi20ebrahimifar@yahoo.com) : The effect of Cr₂O₃ scale on electrical conductivity of Cobalt-spinel-coated ferritic stainless steel. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(3), 219-24.

One of the most effective approaches to improve the interconnect properties is to apply surface coatings to provide better conductivity, reduced scale growth and Cr volatility. In this study AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel interconnect was coated in a cobalt-base pack mixture by pack cementation. The effect of oxide thickness on the Electrical conductivity was investigated by applying isothermal oxidation. This effect was also investigated in different temperatures (400-700°C). The formation of MnCo₂O₄, CoCr₂O₄, CoFe₂O₄ and CO₃O₄ spinels during oxidation improved oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity. Results exhibited that the increase of isothermal oxidation time and increase of temperature, increased the oxide thickness and this decrease the electrical conductivity.

5 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

009467   Bharti B K;Bharti S K;Murari K (NO, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Dairy Technology, Panta-800 014, Email: sudhanshu_bharti@rediffmail.com) : Physico-chemical quality of raw milk preserved with pseudo-stem juice of banana. J Ecofriendly Agric 2013, 8(2), 199-206.

Milk is an excellent medium for microbiological growth due to its high nutritional value. Therefore, fresh raw milk preservative becomes indispensible in order to guarantee a safe and shelf-stable product. Currently, several physical and chemical methods are used for milk preservation, of which chemical preservatives have its limitations due to possible health hazards associated with them. In the present study, the pseudo stem juice of Amritsagar banana cultivar (PJB) as a potential raw milk preservative has been assessed. Three different concentrations of PJB viz., 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent were added to two parts of fresh samples of cow and buffalo milk, one part of it kept at ambient temperature (AT) at 30±1°C and remaining part at refrigerated temperature (RT, 7±1°C). The physico-chemical parameters studied during 7 days preservation of these samples were, i) keeping quality of cow and buffalo milk on the basis of titrable acidity, alcohol test and clot-on-boiling test and ii) effect on the fat, protein, lactose, proteolysis and lipolysis content of milk. The milk samples preserved with PJB did not show any visible change in colour and physical appearance for the storage period of 7 days. Afterwards, curdling and pink colouration were noticed but no significant change was observed in levels of fat and protein. Buffalo milk curdled earlier than the cow milk samples. PJB (0.3%) treated samples showed slow rate of acid development, negative alcohol test and COB test for maximum period than that of untreated sample of milk.

12 tables, 11 ref

009466   Behera R K;Swain S K;Sen S;Mishra S C (Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha) : Property prediction of ductile iron: artificial neural network approach. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(3), 197-202.

Mechanical properties of ductile cast iron (DI) depend on its microstructure, which is influenced by addition of alloying elements. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique developed using back propagation algorithm was employed to predict the tensile strength (UTS) & 0.2% yield strength (YS). Effect of Carbon Equivalent (%CE) and Mg wt% on UTS and 0.2%YS on 3mm & l2mm sections are studied. Comparison between predicted and experimental value shows good correlation with acceptable percentage of error.

3 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

009465   Basavaraja C;Prasad R;Shankara B S;Shashidhar (Chemistry Dep, Institute of Basic Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Kyungnam-621 749, South Korea) : Surface morphology and thermal stability of polypyrrole-poly (<101)-caprolactone) polymer composites. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(3), 187-95.

Polypyrrole (PPy) polymer composites were prepared via chemical polymerization of the pyrrole monomer in an aqueous solution using different weight percentages of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (10, 20, 30,40, and 50 wt%) as the dopant and ammonium per sulfate as the oxidant. The crystallinity of the synthesized PPy-PCL composites was determined using X-ray diffraction, and the surface morphology was observed under scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes. Thermogravimetry, differential thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the thermal stability of the composites, which was found higher than that of pure PPy. The improvement in the thermal stability ofthe PPy-PCL composites is attributed to the interaction between PPy and PCL, which restricts the thermal motion of the PPy chains and prevents the degradation of PPy.

6 illus, 28 ref

009464   Awasthi M;Verma R (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, Email: madhviawasthi84@gmail.com) : Development of Lesora (Cordia dichotoma) candy by using slow and fast cooking methods. J Ecofriendly Agric 2013, 8(2), 196-8.

An attempt was made to prepare candy using fast and slow cooking methods from immature fruits of Lesora and its chemical and sensory quality assessed after 3 and 6 months of storage. Results revealed that the ascorbic acid was minimum in candy prepared by slow cooking method, while values of total soluble solids and total and reducing sugars were higher in candy prepared by fast method. The sensory acceptability scores showed that the candy prepared by fast cooking method was best in retention of colour and flavour. The promotion and addition of Lesora into human diets can assists in its protracted use resulting in its conservation as well as in income generation of farmers.

2 tables, 10 ref

008296   Vanitha Reddy P;Roy L G;Urooj A (Studies in Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysore) : Effect of extracts from Aegle marmelos and Raphanus sativus on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. J Lipid Sci Technol 2012, 44(4), 117-25.

Potency of ethanol extracts from Aegle marmelos (AM) and Raphanus sativus (RS) leaves (dehydrated) to inhibit oxidation of soybean oil (SBO) was studied. SBO treated with AM and RS extracts was incubated at 60°C (11 days), stored for 3 months (30°C), heat treated at 180°C and during deep fat frying of potato chips. Primary (conjugated dienes and trienes) and secondary oxidation products [peroxide value (PV), radical scavenging activity (RSA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and free fatty acids (FFA)] were measured during the above treatments. SBO was treated with extracts at 500 and 1000 mg/kg oil and α-tocopherol (standard). The results of PV, RSA, TBARS and FFA indicated that RS extract was as effective as α-tocopherol in inhibiting accelerated lipid oxidation and also during frying. After storage, SBO containing RS extract showed significantly lower PV and TBARS compared to control and standard. The results indicate RS as a new source of food grade antioxidant.

6 tables, 37 ref

008295   Tripathi I;Singh M (Home Science Dep, Mahila Maha Vidhyalaya, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: eraatripathi@gmail.com) : Awareness and interpretation of the symbols and codes by housewives used in plastic packaging. Asian J Home Sci 2012, 7(1), 59-63.

Food packaging has played an important role in the life of consumers. Packaging is best tool for transportation, protection and in preservation of food. Packaging phenomenon has grown from plant leaves to polymeric chemical compound plastic and thus continuously replacing its other counterparts, its various properties e.g. lightweight, strength, moisture resistance and durability has made it favorite for packaging industry so causing an increase in plastic production at a rate of about 5 per cent per year since 1973 (IWMB, 2003). The Indian polymer industry continues to show a growth rate of 15 per cent per annum. Studies have reported that plastics polymers pose potential hazards on human ecology, they have tendency of migrating the toxic chemicals as well as plastic's economical and environmental impact. Chemical additives used in plastics like phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAE's), bisphenol A (BPA) could be transferred to human directly from plastics, via food and drink that is packaged in plastics. Plastics can be identified by the resin type code given from American Plastics Council. The picture and codes printed on plastics packaging can play an important role in spreading awareness regarding plastic produce toxicity for health and environment. Therefore, in this paper an attempt has been made to study the awareness and interpretation of symbols and codes printed on plastic packages among house wives. Data were collected by interview-cum-questionnaire method. It was found that awareness level was very less regarding plastic resin code though they knew about recycling symbols.

2 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

008294   Solanki D G;Dave N R (NO, M.V.M. Science and Home Science College, Rajkot, Gujarat, Email: dgsolanki2010@yahoo.com ) : Nutritional and hygienic assessment of pizza sold by small vendors in Rajkot city and its comparison with home made sample. Asian J Home Sci 2012, 7(1), 31-4.

Pizza is a popular fast food and is crowned as king of evening snack. As a general pattern, it composed of a pizza base made from fermented batter of Maida and wheat flour, served with different toppings of vegetables, pasta, and macaroni with cheese. Sample of pizza were collected from four different food zones of Rajkot city and its microbial analysis, nutritional analysis were carried out and hygienic practices made out and compared with home made pizza. The analysis was done in terms of total microbial lode present per sample and presence of enteric group of organisms. As it is popular in Gujarat, so attempts were made for necessary awareness amongst the consumers and necessary remedial actions to prevent the same during its preparation and serving with suggestion for hygienic.

5 tables, 9 ref

008293   Saritha P;Girija Sastry V;Vijaya Lakshmi A; Veeraiah E (NO, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Univ, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: pavuluri.saritha@gmail.com) : Stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir in pharmaceutical formulation. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2659-66.

Simple, rapid, precise and accurate isocratic reversed-phase stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Atazanavir (AT) and Ritonavir (RT) in commercial tablets. The method has shown adequate separation for AT, RT from their degradation products. Separation was achieved on a Hypersil BDS-C18, 5 μm, 125 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. column using a mobile phase consisting of buffer (pH3.4) - acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and UV detection at 250 nm. The drugs were subjected to oxidation, acid, base hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 7.8-225 μg/mL (r² = 0.9993) for AT and 2.7-75 μg/mL (r² = 0.9995) for RT. The limit of detection was 2.4 μg/mL for AT and 0.9 μg/mL for RT. The limit of quantitation was 7.8 μg/mL for AT and 2.7 μg/mL for RT. Degradation products produced as a result of stress studies did not interfere with the detection of AT and RT and the assay can thus be considered stability-indicating.

10 ref

008292   Ravikanth K;Kanaujia A;Singh P;Thakur D (VP-Tech. Operations & Research, R&D Centre AYURVET Ltd, Village Katha, P.O. Baddi-173 205, Email: krk@ayurvet.in) : Validated RP-HPLC method for the quantification of andrographolide in toxiroak premix, a polyherbal mycotoxin inhibitor. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2623-8.

New simple, rapid, precise, accurate and specific RP-HPLC method was developed to carry out the quantification of Andrographolide in the formulation vis a vis its standardization to ensure the batch to batch consistency in mycotoxin inhibition activity of the polyherbal formulation Toxiroak premix. An optimal condition of separation and detection were achieved on a Phenomenex luna C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using isocratic mixture of Acetonitrile and 0.1% ortho-phosphoric acid in a ratio of 40:60, v/v as a mobile phase, 1.0 ml/min as flow rate 226 nm as the wavelength for detection and quantification. To verify the the efficiency of chromatographic run, the system suitability was studied by taking into account number of theoretical plates and symmetry/tailing factor which were found to be consistent during repeated injections. The method was validated for linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, repeatability and recovery in accordance with the statistical method of validation and is useful for establishing the batch to batch consistency.

6 ref

008291   Rasheed A;Farhat R (NO, Active Pharma Labs, Raja Enclave, <35>404, Bhagyanagar Colony, Opp:R.S. Brothers, Beside K.S. Baker's, K.P.H.B. Colony, Hyderaba, Email: kmehmoodi@yahoo.in) : Combinatorial chemistry. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2502-16.

Combinatorial chemistry is a new methodology by which we can simultaneously synthesize a number of possible compounds that could produce simultaneously a very large number of compounds, called libraries. Combinatorial chemistry involves the rapid synthesis or the computer simulation of a large number of different but often structurally related molecules or materials. Combinatorial chemistry is especially common in CADD (Computer aided drug design) and can be done online with web based software, such as Molinspiration. In the past, chemists have traditionally made one compound at a time. For example compound A would have been reacted with compound B to give product AB, which would have been isolated after reaction work up and purification through crystallization, distillation, or chromatography. In contrast to this approach, combinatorial chemistry offers the potential to make every combination of compound A1 to Am with compound B1 to Bn. Although combinatorial chemistry has only really been taken up by industry since the 1990s, its roots can be seen as far back as the 1960s when a researcher at Rockefeller University, Bruce Merrifield, started investigating the solid-state synthesis of peptides.

^iia32 ref

008290   Prathima A;Karthikeyan S;Prabhakaran M; Thenappan T (Physics Dep, Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram-625 501, Email: aprathimasaec@gmail.com) : Structural properties of the binary mixtures of pharmaceutical intermediates through dielectric investigations. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2753-60.

Homo and hetero interaction in the binary mixtures of Ethyl acetate + n-Butylamine, Ethyl acetate + Cyclohexylamine and Ethyl acetate + Diethylamine has been investigated through the orientation of dipoles using dielectric polarization method. The dielectric and thermodynamic parameters such as Kirkwood correlation factor, Excess permittivity, Bruggemann factor and Dipolar excess free energy for the above systems have been calculated from the experimentally measured values of capacitance and refractive index of solutions, at temperatures 303K, 313K and 323K.In all the studied systems, the dielectric parameters obtained show systematic change in the molecular structure with the concentration of amine in the solution. It indicates that the β-multimer formation due to the presence of hetero interaction between the components of above mixtures.

20 ref

008289   Prabhavathi Devi B L A;Gangadhar K N; Vijayalakshmi K;Prasad R B N;Prasad P S S (Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Email: prabhavathi@iict.res.in) : Glycerol-based carbon-SO₃H: an efficient and recyclable solid acid catalyst for the pre-treatment of free fatty acid containing vegetable oils for biodiesel production. J Lipid Sci Technol 2012, 44(4), 126-33.

Reports a two-step process consisting of esterification employing an efficient and recyclable glycerol-based -SO₃H functionalized carbon catalyst followed by traditional alkali catalyzed transesterification for the preparation of biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) containing non-edible oils namely, rice bran oil (35% FFA), karanja oil (7.2% FFA) and jatropha oil (7.7% FFA). Heterogeneous sulfonic acid-functionalized carbon catalysts were prepared from glycerol, crude glycerol and glycerol pitch employing in situ partial carbonization and sulfonation. All the catalysts exhibited efficient esterification activity with very good stability and reusability. The esterification method was optimized to reduce the FFA content in the oils to <60>0.5% in 5 hr under the conditions of catalyst loading of 20 wt% of FFA and 15:1 molar ratio of methanol/FFA at 65°C as a pre-treatment step for the production of biodiesel. The catalyst was separated by simple filtration after esterification and the reaction product was processed directly for alkali transesterification using 1.5 wt% of sodium hydroxide and 10:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil to obtain biodiesel in <62>99% yields in 45 min.

8 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

008288   Pethe A M;Joshi S B (HOD Quality Assurance, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Shirpur Campus, Dist-Dhule-425 405, Email: anilpethe@gmail.com) : Physicochemical, mechanical & film forming studies of novel biomaterial. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2761-9.

Gum Dammar is a natural resinous material of plant Shorea javanica, family-Dipterocarpaceae. In the present investigation Dammar gum (DG) and alcohol soluble fraction of Dammar gum (DA) are evaluated for their physicochemical, mechanical and film forming characteristics. Films were produced by casting/solvent evaporation method from plasticizer free and plasticizer containing solutions. Films prepared from different formulations were studied for their mechanical (tensile strength, percent elongation and Young's modulus), water vapor transmission and moisture absorption characteristics. Unplasticized DG, DA films were brittle and posed the problem of breaking during handling. Hydrophobic plasticizers, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), improved the mechanical properties of free films with plasticizer showing significant effects on film elongation. Thus present study proposes DG and DA as excellent film formers.

19 ref

008287   Padarthi P K;Namasivayam E (Biotechnology Dep, Periyar Univ, Salem, Tamil Nadu, Email: elangovannn@gmail.com) : Synthesis and biological evaluation of chalcones from 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2629-38.

New chalcones of 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran derivatives are synthesized by reaction with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes using the method of aldol condensation. Characterization of these synthesized compounds performed with IR, ¹H NMR, physical characteristics like molecular mass, melting point and elemental analysis. The data related to structural characterization were given individually with antimicrobial activities. Characterization of these synthesized compounds performed with IR, ¹H NMR, physical characteristics like molecular mass, melting point and elemental analysis. The data related to structural characterization were given individually with antimicrobial activities. The literature suggests that chalcones are also useful intermediates for the synthesis of several chemical and pharmacological classes of therapeutic agents having heterocyclic structures in them. Also a number of chalcones with novel substituents synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated for anti-microbial activity in the laboratory and significant outcome was observed. Thus various novel substituents for chalcone synthesis and QSAR studies will be a promising effort for development of better anti microbials with several significant biological activities.

15 ref

008286   Melikyan L A;Martirosyan S S;Grigoryan R S; Topchyan H V;Davtyan T K (NO, Scientific Center of Drug and Medical Technology Expertise JSC Ministr, Komitas 49/4, Yerevan 0051, Republic of Armenia, Email: tigdav@excite.com) : Development and validation of HPLC method for the determination of metronidazole benzoate and related impurites in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2594-99.

Simple, selective, precise and reliable HPLC method of analysis has been developed and validated for determination of the metronidazole benzoate and related impurities, including metronidazole, 2-methyl-5-nitromidazole and benzoic acid in bulk and marketed formulations. The method employed CN-RP column as stationary phase and acetonitrile and 0.1% octansulfonic acid sodium salt as mobile phase. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ were 0.076, 0.031, 0.033 and 0.024 μg/ml and 0.232, 0.095, 0.098 and 0.073 μg/ml respectively for metronidazole benzoate, metronidazole, 2-methyl-5-nitromidazole and benzoic acid. The average percentage recovery of metronidazole benzoate and related impurities was found to be within 98.6 - 101.5% of range. The developed method can be successfully used for identification and quantification of metronidazole benzoate and related impurities in bulk and formulations.

9 ref

008285   Khatkar A;Nanda A;Narasimhan B (NO, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak-124 001, Email: an_mdu@rediffmail.com) : Evaluation of preservative effectiveness of ferulic acid derivatives in aluminium hydroxide GEL-USP. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2721-5.

Selected amide and ester derivatives of ferulic acid were subjected to preservative efficacy testing in an official antacid preparation, (Aluminium Hydroxide Gel-USP) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger as representative challenging microorganisms as per USP 2004 guidelines. The selected derivatives were found to be effective against all selected strains and showed preservative efficacy comparable to that of standard and even better in case B. subtilis and C. albicans. The 8- hydroxy quinoline ester derivative showed better preservative efficacy than standard as well as other derivatives and have better potential for use in the pharmaceutical preparations.

19 ref

008284   Jain B (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati Univ, Ajmer, Rajasthan, Email: drbhartijain27@rediffmail.com) : Organoleptic evaluation of bajra roti fortified with full fat soy flour. Asian J Home Sci 2012, 7(1), 6-9.

Bajra is the staple cereal of rural people living in Rajasthan. It has low protein content and limited in lysine. The essential amino acids mainly methionine and cystine need for growth are high in bajra. In contrast, soy protein is high in lysine but low in methionine and cystine. Combination of both will produce highly nutritious products. Therefore, the present study was under taken to develop and to find out the acceptability of bajra roti fortified with full fat soy flour in different proportions.. The traditional recipe of bajra roti was developed by replacing 30 per cent, 50 per cent and 60 per cent of soy flour with the main ingredient of the recipe. A composite scoring test was used to determine the degree of acceptance in soy fortified traditional products. Acceptability score of bajra roti where bajra flour replaced with 60 per cent soy flour scored highest in appearance and texture which was comparable to standard recipe of bajra roti. Taste and mouth feel characteristics of bajra roti fortified with 30 per cent FFSF scored highest. Overall acceptability of bajra roti fortified with 30 per cent FFSF scored highest as compared to others. Incorporation of soyabean flour in bajra roti not only improves the palatability but also its nutrient content.

2 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

008283   Gowda B G (Chemistry Dep, Government First Grade College, Chickballapur-562 101, Email: babgowda@gmail.com) : High performance thin layer chromatographic determination of colchicine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2737-41.

Simple and rapid high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the assay of colchicine in bulk drug, pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The method has a linear range of 4 - 35 μg/ml. The limits of detection and quantification were 1 and 4 μg/ml respectively. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared statistically by means of Student t-test and by the F-test with those of the reported method. The two were shown in good agreement. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical excipients.

11 ref

008282   Divya A R;Jayashree S;Bhogi B (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, College of Agriculture, Hassan, Karnataka, Email: jayashreess.2007@rediffmail.com) : Sensory and nutritional quality of sapota candy. Asian J Home Sci 2012, 7(1), 135-9.

Present investigation was carried at Division of Horticulture, GKVK, UAS, Bangalore during the month of November- March, 2009-2010 to determine the sensory and nutritional qualities of the product i.e., sapota candy developed. Candy prepared using sugar syrup concentration of 30/40/50°Brix dried at 60°C was judged to be better and so the sample had obtained acceptable sensory scores for colour, flavour, taste and overall acceptability. Osmotic dehydration of sapota slices indicated that the maximum water loss of sapota slices after 72 hours of osmosis at 28°C was 33.6 per cent for sugar syrup concentration of 30/40/50 °Brix. The solid gain by sapota slices after 72 hours of osmosis was about 6.36 per cent depending upon the sugar syrup concentration (30/40/50°Brix). Moisture content of the candy was 4.54 per cent, TSS 39°B, pH 5.36, titrable acidity 0.36 per cent, ascorbic acid 1.92 mg, total sugar 22.7 per cent, reducing sugar 14.7 per cent and non reducing sugar 8.0 per cent.

7 tables, 10 ref

008281   Desai D;Shah D (Pharmacy Dep, Pioneer Pharmacy Degree College, Syajipura, Nr. Aajwa Cross Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, Email: diptidesai2001@yahoo.com) : Implication of nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery system. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2478-88.

Pharmaceutical nanoparticles are submicron-sized, colloidal vehicles that carry drugs to the target or release drugs in a controlled way in the body. Controlled drug delivery offers advantages like reduced dosing frequency, better therapeutic control, reduced side effects, and, consequently, better patient compliance. Biodegradable polymers are utilized to prepare Nanoparticles which offers advantages like versatile degradation kinetics, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. Nanoparticles can be prepared by various techniques & are evaluated for parameters like: Particle size, Morphological properties, Thermal properties, surface chemistry & drug release etc. Nanoparticles can be converted into dry form & formulated in various dosage forms depending on the route of application. Several marketed formulation based on controlled drug delivery are also available which is the fruitful result of the development of biodegradable polymer, newer techniques for preparation, scale up procedure & better control over all the required manufacturing processes.

^iia28 ref

008280   Dehghani M;Mastali M;Esmaeilzadeh F;Safavi A A (Electrical Eng. Dep, Shraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran, Email: dehghani.mkehdi@hotmail.com) : Neural network modling of the extracted essential oil from spearmint leaves by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Lipid Sci Technol 2012, 44(4), 139-47.

Experimental flow-type apparatus has been designed for the extraction of essential oil from spearmint leaves with supercritical carbon dioxide. The highly nonlinear relationship between process variables and solubility makes mathematical modeling a cumbersome task. This suggests the incorporation of advanced powerful nonlinear modeling tools such as neural networks. In this study, on the basis of the laboratory data, three classes of artificial neural networks; Multilayer perceptron (MLP), Redial basis function (RBF) and Wavelet based neural network (Wave-net) were developed for the simulation of the supercritical fluid extraction of spearmint oil. Simulation results showed the advantages of employing artificial neural networks in modeling the nonlinear chemical process, while presenting a short comparison of these three classes of neural network for this study. The results emphasized that with the strong mathematical theory behind wave-net and its fast and hierarchical nature in learning, this class of neural networks are very promising for various nonlinear modeling applications.

11 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

008279   Chhetri H P;Thapa P;Schepdael A V (Pharmacy Dep, Kathmandu Univ, Dhulikhel, Nepal, Email: himalchhetri@ku.edu.np) : HPLC method for the quantification of metformin hydrochloride in bulk and dosage forms. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2600-04.

Simple, selective, rapid and economical reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of metformin hydrochloride in bulk and dosage forms has been developed and validated. The separation was carried out on a Discovery reversed phase C-18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) with UV detection at 233 nm. The mobile phase contained 34% acetonitrile and 66% aqueous phase. Aqueous phase contained 10 mM KH2PO4 and 10 mM sodium lauryl sulfate. Mobile phase pH was adjusted to 5.2. The mobile phase was run isocratically. The flow rate of the mobile phase was maintained at 1.3 ml/min. The linearity of the calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 2.5 to 20 μg ml^-1 and coefficient of determination (R₂) was found to be 0.9985. The% RSD value for intraday and interday precision was below 1 which indicated that the method was precise. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1 and 0.3 μg/ml respectively.

15 ref

008278   Bhuvaneswari S;Gopalakrishna Rao K P (NO, PHT division, IIHR, Bangalore-89, Email: bhuvana@icar.org.in) : Whole tomato concentrate - a value-added tomato product for small scale enterpreneur. Indian J Hort 2012, 69(4), 609-11.

Protocol for preparation of whole tomato concentrate was standardized in cvs. Vaibhav Ananya and Allround. Hundred kg fruit gave 32 kg concentrate in open pan. The concentrate had 20 mg/100g aerobic acid content in Vaibhav while lycopene (6.43 mg/100 g) was estimated in Allround. There was slight decrease in acidity after 3 month storage.

^ssc1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

008277   Bhardwaj A;Verma S C (Environmental Science Dep, Dr Y S Parmar Horticulture and Forestry Univ, Nauni, Solan-173 230, Email: subhashchande_verma@yahoo.co.in) : Vegetable oils as grain protectants against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis infesting pea seeds. J Insect Sci 2012, 25(3), 241-6.

Six vegetable oils, viz. mustard, neem, karanj, cedar, apricot and olive were evaluated at monthly intervals for protection of pea seeds from pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. All the vegetable oils were effective against pulse beetle upto two month of treatment. Neem with 17.78 per cent and karanj with 14.81 per cent mortality were most effective against C. chinensis. All the tested vegetable oils at 5 per cent concentration inhibited oviposition and progeny development of pulse beetle upto three and five months of treatment, respectively. Seed damage by pulse beetle was protected upto 5 months of treatment with maximum seed germination (86.67%) using 5 per cent neem concentration followed by karanj (84.67%).

5 tables, 14 ref

008276   Banerjee A;Ghosh S;Ghosh M (Chemical Technology Dep, College of Science & Technology Univ Calcutta Univ, Kolkata, Email: mahuag@gmail.com) : Effect of fis frying on the quality characteristics of mustard oil and soybean oil. J Lipid Sci Technol 2012, 44(4), 134-8.

Study investigated to the extent of quality deterioration of both mustard oil and soybean oil during fish frying with time. The quality of both the oils, as affected by fish (Labeo rohita) frying at 180°C for 8 hr was studied. The physical and chemical characteristics of the two oils were evaluated by drawing the oil samples from the fryer at an interval of 1 hr for first 2 hr and then after every 2 hr till 8 hr of total heating of the oil. The changes that occurred in colour, viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, amount of 4hydroxy-2-trans-none nal (4HNE) and fatty acid composition were studied. The results confirmed that the mustard oil with much higher amount of mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and much lower content of poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) appeared to be more stable at high temperature frying than the soybean oil with much higher amount of PUFA. Presence of little amount of eicosa pentalmoic acid (EPA) and docosa pentaenoic acid (DHA) were also found in the frying oil samples due to incorporation of fish oil from the fried fish.

6 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

008275   Allawadi D;Ashwani Kumar;Singh N;Singh S; Arora S (NO, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara Univ, Chandigarh Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil-Rajpura, Distt-Patiala-140 401, Email: dharna.allawadi@gmail.com) : Propranolol hydrochloride loaded nanospheres: development and characterization. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(7), 2639-47.

Nanotechnology is widely used for delivery of various drugs to the body for increasing the bioavailability, reducing toxicity and controlled release. Nanospheres are the solid particles which are spherical in shape, having the particle size range between 1-1000 nm and having better bioavailability. In nanospheres, the drug is physically and uniformly dispersed in the matrix system of the polymer. Nanospheres of Propranolol Hydrochloride were prepared by using solvent evaporation technique with different concentration of Eudragit RS100 and Eudragit RL100 polymers. The different formulation factors like drug: polymer ratio, concentration of solvent, stirring speed, stirring time on particle size, drug encapsulation, drug efficiency, surface morphology and process yield and drug release behavior was studied. The in-vitro performance of nanospheres were evaluated by recovery efficiency, particle size analysis, surface topography (using scanning electron microscopy), drug-polymer compatibility (using differential scanning calorimetry) and drug release studies. The single emulsion solvent evaporation method used for nanospheres preparation was suitable in the particle size range between 265.67±3.98 nm, the encapsulation efficiency was 74.67±2.56% (w/w) and the process yield was 83.23±1.23% (w/w). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that nanospheres were having spherical in shape. FTIR showed no potential chemical interaction between the drug and polymer used. In vitro release studies revealed that drug release from nanospheres followed Higuchi kinetics.

32 ref