015829   Russiyan L N;Matkovskii P E (NO, Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka, Russian Academy of Sci, Chermpgolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia) : Copolymerization of ethylene with carbon monoxide on organometallic Ziegler-Natta type complexes. Pop Plast Packag 2000, 45(1), 58-62.

Radical-forming system Ti(OC₄H₉)₄ - C₂H₅AlCl₂ [Ti(O-n-Bu)₄ - AlEtCl₂) was suggested as an organometallic catalyst of copolymerization of ethylene with CO. The kinetics of differential consumption of the comonomers copolymerized over Ti(O-n-Bu)₄ - AlEtCl₂ was studied in relation to temperature, CO content in the initial ethylene-CO mixture, EtAlCl₂-to-Ti(O-n-Bu)₄ mole ratio, and pressure of ethylene mixture with CO. n-Heptane was used as solvent. Structural and other properties of the forming copolymers were examined. Carbon monoxide was found to act as a weak inhibitor, viz., it was less reactive than ethylene as evidenced by the kinetics of comonomer consumption followed by GC. The molecular mass of the ethylene - CO copolymer was lower than that of polyethylene produced under the same conditions. IR spectra disclosed these copolymers to be alternating copolymers and those received on palladium catalyst to have a statistical structure.

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015828   Rath P C;Paramguru R K (NO, Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Metallurgy of deep-sea manganese nodule - various approaches. SGAT Bull 2000, 2(1), 47-56.

Deep sea manganese nodules, available on sea floor at a depth of 4000 to 6000 meters in the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean beds, seems to be the future source for metals like Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, etc. A large number of investigations has been taken up, specifically during the last four decades, for survey, exploration, mining and extractive metallurgy of manganese nodules. Presents a concise description of various metallurgical approaches emerged so far.

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015827   Rao K H;Rao K V S S;Singh R R B;Anjaneyulu A S R;Yadav P L (Dairy Technology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001) : Milk proteins as emulsion stabilizers in comminuted meat products. Indian Fd Ind 1999, 18(5), 287-98.

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015826   Raman R S;Lohan O P;Thakur R S (Department of Animal Feed Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Effect of processing techniques on the ME value of wheat in poultry. Indian J Poult Sci 1999, 34(3), 323-6.

Experiment was conducted on 270 day old chicks divided into 9 groups having 6 replications each in a completely randomised design for 5 weeks. All the birds were fed a reference diet upto 30 weeks. From 3 weeks, group 1 was fed reference diet and in group 2-8, reference diet was replaced at 20 or 40 per cent levels either with ground, cooked or reconstituted wheat grain. Metabolic studies showed that ME contents (KCal/kg) of diets increased with addition of wheat in the diets, irrespective of the processing techniques, as compared to the reference diet. Among different treatments ME values were highest in cooked wheat diets. It increased (177 KCal/kg) by 5.71 per cent due to cooking as compared to grinding, whereas due to soaking and reconstitution, the ME values decreased to the tune of 25 and 56 KCal/kg. Per cent nitrogen retention was highest in cooked wheat diets followed by ground, reference, soaked and reconstituted wheat diets. The ME values determined by chemical and biological methods were comparable.

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015825   Rajendran S (Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Detection of insect infestation in stored food commodities. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 283-300.

Detection of insect infestation in food commodities and in their storage premises is essential to ensure that the food offered is wholesome and acceptable for consumption, for regulatory compliance, for diagnosis of incipient infestation and to ascertain the success of the control measures using fumigants. Current methods detect whole insects or, insect fragments directly or, indirectly by estimating the myosin content, CO2 release and uric acid level in the commodities. The choice depends on the sensitivity required, facilities available and time factor. Detection of insect eggs and larvae in internal infestation is a major challenge even now. In view of its simplicity, the sampling and sieving method has been widely used, though it is not sensitive, when the infestation level is less than 5 insects/kg of foodgrains. ELISA test, which is expected to play a major role in different types of foodstuffs. In X-ray based grain analysis, an automated machine recognition system has been introduced for interpretation of radiographs to replace the expert. For in situ detection and monitoring of insect infestation in storage and food processing facilities, physical traps either alone or in combination with pheromones or food attractants have been used. Major breakthrough has been achieved in monitoring, that the insects are counted as they drop into the probe trap.

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015824   Pura Naik J;jagan Mohan Rao L;Gurudutt K N (Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Anthocyanin pigments of large cardamom (Anomum subulatum Roxb.) pods. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 358-60.

Extration of fresh larve cardamom pod husk with methanolic HC1 yielded a mixture of two (Deep pinkish red) pigments. The pigments present in the ratio of 1:2 were separated by paper chromatography, characterized as cyanidin 3-glycoside and cyanidin 3.5-diglucoside by chemical and spectroscopic analysis and confirmed by comparison with authentic samples.

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015823   Phirke P S;Bhole N G;Adhaoo S H (Post-harvest Technology Scheme, Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104) : Heat Treatment optimization of dehulling pigeonpea grain using response surface methodology. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 316-19.

Effect of heating on the dehulling characteristics of pigeonpea (c.v. `C11') was studied, using response surface methodology to optimize the levels of heating temperature and time. A maximum product recovery of 81.8% with 35.5% Grade 1 splits was obtained, when urea-treated-scarified grain was hot dehulled after heating at 60°C for 5 min. This heating temperature showed a significant effect on dehulling time and dehulling index, whereas heating time did not have any significant effect.

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015822   Nsofor L M;Ugwa L S (NO, School of Food Science and Technology, Abia State University, Uturu, P.M.B. 2000, Okigwe, Nigeria) : Tofu analogue development from whole soybeans by simulated extrusion process. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 325-8.

Extrusion-cooking was simulated by a low-cost process that comprised boiling of whole soybean in 0.5% NaHCO3 solution for 1 h, fine-milling of the tenderized dehulled cotyledons, slow heating/stirring and coagulation of the slurry with CaSo4 to form of curd. Deeping-frying of the cut and and compressed curd, with added meat seasonings/spices yielded a fried tofu-like product. Sensory evaluation of the product and fried conventional tofu (control) in a preference test showed statistically insignificant (p<0.05) differences in mean scores for texture and equal mean scores for flavour and appearance of the new product, was preferred. Percentage nutrient composition values were2 28 and 38% proteins, 26 and 35% fat, 21 and 13% carbohydrates, 14 and 16% moisture, 6 and 5% minerals, 3 and 3.5% crude fibre for tofu analogue and control, respectively. The analogue showed a 5 one half - fold yield increase (wet weight) relative to the control. Soybean residue (okara) was not generated during analogue preparation. Total solids yield estimates of 0.84 and 0.19 kg per kg raw soybeans utilized were deduced for the analogue and control.

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015821   Navin Chand;Vashishtha S R (NO, Regional Research Laboratory, Habibganj Naka, Bhopal-462 026) : Development, structure and strength properties of PP/PMMA/FA blends. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(2), 103-7.

New type of flyash filled PP/PMMA blend has been developed. Structural and thermal properties of flyash (FA) filled polypropylene (PP)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blend system have been determined and analysed. Filled polymer blends were developed on a single screw extruder. Strength and thermal properties of FA filled and unfilled PP/PMMA blends were determined. Addition of flyash imparted dimensional and thermal stability, which has been observed in scanning electron micrographs and TGA plot. Increase of flyash concentration increased the initial degradation temperature of PP/PMMA blend. The increase of thermal stability has been explained based on increased mechanical interlocking of PP/PMMA chains inside the hollow structure of flyash.

015820   Lord E A;Ramakrishnan K;Ranganathan S (Department of Metallurgy, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Algorithm for generating quasiperiodic patterns and their approximants. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(2), 119-23.

Algorithm for projecting the interior of a hypercube in N-dimensions on to an m-dimensional subspace has been developed and incorporated into a computer program for generating quasiperiodic and periodic patterns in an n-dimensional subspace. Some aspects of the resulting orthorhombic approximants to Penrose tiling patterns are discussed and illustrated.

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015819   Laskar S K;Nath D R (Department of Animal Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati-781 022) : Certain qualitative aspects of goat meat marketed in Guwahati city. Indian J Anim Prod Mgmt 1998, 14(4), 217-18.

Meat samples from thigh and shoulder regions of 40 adult goat carcasses of either sexes were collected to evaluate some of the important meat quality traits. For enumeration of bacterial load representative meat sample was analysed. Results no significant differences in pH values of meat either between sexes or between muscle cuts at 24 and 72 hours after slaughter. The ultimate pH of meat (5.79-5.87) showed a significant positive correlation with water holding capacity (r = 0.96**). The differences in muscle fibre diameter (50.01 to 51.40 μm) and water holding capacity (2.51 to 2.60 sq. c.m.) were non significant both between sexes and between muscle cuts. The total viable cout of bacteria in goat meat (4.02 x 10⁷/g) was much higher than the stipulated standard considered to be safe for human consumption.

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015818   Kondal Reddy K;Nguyen M H;Kailasapathy K; Zadow J G;Hardham J F (AHRD Project, ANGR Agricultural University, Hyderabad-560 030) : Kinetic study of whey protein denaturation to assess the degree of heat treatment in UHT milk. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 305-9.

Kinetic studies on heat denaturation of three major whey protein fractions of skim milk were conducted on a pilot scale UHT model system. The UHT processing was carried out at 130, 135, 140 and 145°C with holding times of 3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 sec, by indirect processing methods with minimal pre-heating conditions. Electrophoresis coupled with denstitometry appeared to be a rapid and convenient method for quantification of whey proteins in studying denaturation. The denaturation of alpha lactalbumin, beta lactoglobulin A and B fractions followed a first order reaction. The results suggested that the denaturation of alpha lactalbumin might be used as a good analytical index to assess the heat-induced changes at UHT processing conditions.

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015817   Joshi S J;Bhirud Y B;Thakare S (NO, Rieco Industries Limited, 1162/2, Shivajinagar, Behind Observatory, Pune-411 005) : Bag filter system and application of pulverised coal in cement industry. Indian Cem Rev 1999, 13(12), 7-13.

Largely developed as an empirical art, pulverised-coal firing progress has been marked by the efforts of devoted engineers whose success may be attributed to persistence despite many discouraging obstacles. Generally, theoretical understanding has followed rather than preceded practical accomplishment in the field of pulverised-coal firing.

015816   Joshi S J (NO, Rieco Industries Limited, 1162/2, Shivajinagar, Behind Observatory, Pune-411 005) : Air pollution control in cement industry. Indian Cem Rev 1999, 13(10), 7-14.

015815   Jha K;Bargale P C (Soybean Processing and Utilization Centre, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038) : Study on shelf-life of tofu (soy-paneer) in different packaging systems. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 1999, 18(3-4), 228-31.

Tofu (Soy-paneer) is a coagulated product produced from soybean and is highly perishable due to its high protein and moisture content. During summers, it does not last for even five hours. A study was, therefore, undertaken to enhance the shelf-life of tofu. Tofu samples, packed under water submersion in glass bottles and LDPE bags, were heat treated by submerging the sealed packages in water bath operating at 75°C. After 30 minutes the packages were transferred to ice bath. The periodic microbiological analyses of tofu revealed that through such heat treatment, the shelf-life of tofu could be enhanced from one day to 15 days under refrigeration and from 6 hours to 3 days at ambient conditions.

015814   Jasim Ahmed;Gangopadhya H;Shivhare U S (Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005) : Effect of temperature on rheological characteristics of green chilli Puree. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 352-4.

Rheological properties of green chilli puree were studied at a temperature range of -5 to 70°C at a shear rate of 10 to 100 rpm. Results indicated that the power law model fitted well the shear stress-shear rate data. The puree behaved as a shear-thinning fluid with a flow behaviour index less than one. The consistency index decreased, while the flow behaviour index did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with temperature. Dependence of the apparent viscosity and the consistency index on the temperature was related through the Arrhenius law. The process activation energy was in the range of 1.529 to 2.471 kcal/g mole.

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015813   Indira T N;Baby Latha R;Maya Prakash (Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Kinetics of deep-fat-frying of a composite product. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 310-15.

Traditioinal Indian snack, Samosa, was chosen for studying the kinetics of deep-fat-frying of the product. The parameters studied were moisture diffusivity, thermal diffusivity, activation energy for moisture removal, temprature profile during frying and texture of the casing of the product, as affected by the time of frying and oil temperature. The diffusion model was used to correlate the casing moisture during frying operations and the diffusion coefficient was found to be in the range, 2.62 to 3.42x10^-8 m²s^-1 for the frying oil temperature from 155 to 185°C. The activation of the product during frying was calculated using the rate of change of the temperature profile at the centre of the product and was found to vary from 4.5 to 2.72 (x10^-8) m²s-1 in the range of the temperature studied. An empirical model was developed relating casing texture with frying time, oil temperature and product moisture. The model correlates fairly well (r=0.833) with the experimental data obtained for texture.

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015812   Hari A G;Mohan K;Sanjeev Kumar;Harsh S (NO, National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi) : Utilisation of flyash as a component of raw mix for manufacture of cement. Indian Cem Rev 1999, 14(1), 5-10.

Investigation conducted on the utilisation of flyash as a raw material in multi-component raw mix for the manufacture of ordinary portland cement (OPC) in a dry process preheater-precalciner kiln has been reported. The chemico-mineralogial characteristics of flyash and other raw materials were carried out using instrumental techniques like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. The results obtained through plant trials indicated that complete substitution of shale by flyash in the raw mix was technically feasible and cost effective. Further, the clinker quality and cement performance obtained from flyash containing mix was same as obtained from control mix. At a fitness of 300 m²/kg, OPC made from both the trial and control clinker passed the requirement for OPC 53 grade, as per BIS specification with wide margins.

015811   Gupta K;Mehta R;Kumar N;Dahiya D S (Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, 125 004) : Effect of chromium on fatty acid profile in developing sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.). J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 342-5.

Effect of varying levels of Cr [VI] on fatty acid profile in developing sunflower seeds was studied. Total fat increased gradually from control to 1.0 ppm Cr [VI] level and decreased at higher dose of Cr [VI], at maturity. In hull portion of the seed, maximum fat was found to be at 2.5 ppm Cr [VI] at maturity. Oil contents increased significantly with the advancement of seed development. Oleic and linoleic acids were found to be the major fatty acids in kernel as well as hull portion of the seed. Palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids decrease at high concentration of Cr [VI], whereas the amounts of oleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids got increased in kernel portion at maturity. In increase of Cr [VI] concentration at 15, 30 and 45 DAF. Oleic and linoleic acids were found to be negatively correlated in seeds.

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015810   Gunter H;Muller M;Sonntag P;Schumacher M (NO, Koppern Aufbereitungtechnik GmbH and Co, KG) : Application of roller presses for high pressure comminution. Indian Cem Rev 1999, 13(11), 5-11.

015809   Ghosh S (Food Technology Division,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, , Mumbai-400 085) : Rapid method to prepare immobilised matrix using ultrasonic device. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 365-6.

An unique, new, simple and rapid technique for preparation of immobilised matrix has been worked out using ultrasonic device. Very fine immobilised matrix of polyacrylamide containing yeast cells was prepared using this technique. The potential for commercial exploitation of the technique is discussed.

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015808   Filiz Kar;Nurhan Arslan (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Firat University, 23279, Elazig, Turkey) : Effect of kieselguhr on specific cake resistance in constant pressure filtration of pectin extract from orange peel. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 334-8.

Pectin extract was vacuum-filtered at 10, 15, 20 and 25°C under various pressure differences (0.20 x 10⁵ Pa, 0.33 x 10⁵ Pa and 0.47 x 10⁵ Pa) and the average specific cake resistances obtained. It was found that the cake obtained from constant pressure filtration of pectin extract from orange peel was compressible and the specific cake resistant was a funtion of applied pressure difference. A decrease was observed in specific cake resistance with increasing body feed concentrations. A further decrease of specific cake resistances was observed, when pre-coating and body feed were used together.

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015807   Devangare A A;Lembhe A F;Baig M I;Ambadkar R K (Dept. of Dairy Science, Vety. College, Udgir) : Suitability of chhana obtained by admixing goat and cow milk for chhana based sweetmeats. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 1999, 18(3-4), 236-9.

Investigation was undertaken to study the quality of chhana and its suitability for the manufacture of chhana based sweetmeats viz., Rasogolla and Sandesh. Chhana was prepared by coagulating the whole cow milk, whole goat milk and their combinations (75:25, 50:50 and 25:75) at 80°C by 1 per cent citric acid. Results revealed that the yield of chhana was directly proportional to the total solids content of the milk. The fat content in goat milk chhana was significantly lower than that made from cow milk. However, nonsignificant variations were observed in protein, ash and moisture content of chhana irrespective of the types of milk and their combinations. The moisture retention in goat milk chhana was highest whereas the recovery of solids was lowest. The organoleptic evaluation of chhana and Rasogolla indicated that up to 50 per cent admixing of goat milk has no adverse effect on the quality of these products and the quality was comparable with cow milk chhana products.

015806   Deb S;Radhakrishna Bhat B V (NO, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad-500 058) : Optimization of processing parameters for making alumina-partially stabilized zirconia laminated composites. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(2), 109-17.

Aim of the work was to optimize the processing parameters for fabricating laminated ceramic composites of Al2-O3-Y-PSZ. Composites of different layer thicknesses, starting from 2mm and going down up to 0.3 mm, were made by hot-pressing. The different types of cracks originating in the composite were studied in detail and the reason behind their formation analysed. The observed main reasons for crack formation were: differential shrinkage in between the co-sintering layers due to their different sintering kinetics; thermal expansion mismatch, and a tensile component of the residual stress in the layer under residual compressive stress. After this defect analysis, suitable remedial measures were taken to avoid the crack formation. And finally a laminated composite with fifteen layers of 0.3mm thickness was made successfully.

015805   Datta S (NO, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Calcutta-700 032) : Application of design of experiment on electrophoretic deposition of glass-ceramic coating materials from an aqueous bath. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(2), 125-9.

Process for application of abrasion- or corrosion-resistant glass-ceramic coating materials on metal substrate by electrophoretic deposition technique in an aqueous medium has been described. The effects of various process parameters, e.g. coating material concentration, time of deposition, applied current pH of the suspension and concentration of the polymeric dispersant on the deposition efficiency have been studied. The process has been studied using a 2³-factorial design technique of three independent variables; i.e. coating material concentration, applied current, and the time taken to achieve the best combination. The regression equation obtained explains the experimental results satisfactorily.

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015804   Darade N B;Chavan J K;Kachare D P (Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri-413 722) : Alkali treatment in the milling of discoloured sorghum. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 329-30.

Soaking of discoloured or black sorghum grains in 4% NaOH (1:1 w/v) at 100°C for 5 mon followed by washing under water, neutralization of residual alkali with 1% acetic acid, rinshing with water and drying at 60°C resulted in complete removal of discoloured seedcoat of grains. The treatment caused 15% loss in dry matter. Alkali dehulled grains contained more proteins and less fibre, phenolics, ash, oil and sugars and produced acceptable roti with pearly white colour.

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015803   Chaturvedi M;Subramani S;Datta M (Post Graduate Department of Foods and Nutrition, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Fermentative produdtion of gluconic acid using cheese whey. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 361-4.

Aerobic fermentation of cheese whey using Aspergillus niger MNC2, for gluconic acid production as a means of pollution control has been worked out. Batch fermentation have been carried out using cheese whey as the main constituent of the medium with the addition of salts as per the composition of synthetic medium at 28°C and pH 6.5. A. niger exhibited gluconic acid production with high yield, when supplemented with 5% (w/v) glucose and A. niger showed the capability of utilising as well as lactose for gluconic acid production. The efficiency of the conversion of sugar of cheese whey to gluconic acid was found to be 87.84% at the end of 96 h.

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015802   Charanjit Kaur;Khurdiya D S;Pal R K;Kapoor H C (Division of Fruits and Horticultural, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012) : Effect of microwave heating and conventional processing on the nutritional qualities of tomato juice. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 331-3.

Effect of microwave processing on the nutritional characteristics of tomato juice was investigated and compared with conventional extraction methods such as hot break and cold break extraction. Microwave processed juice had low electrolytes, high viscosity and high retention of ascorbic acid and total carotenoids and lycopene contents compared to conventionally processed juice.

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015801   Bhatnagar R;Kataria M (Biochemistry Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122) : Effect of feeding Leucaena (Subabul) leaf meal on membrane bound enzymes in white leghorn hens. Indian J Poult Sci 1999, 34(3), 319-22.

Effect of Leucaena leaf meal at 5%, 10% and 20% level in the feed of hens on membrane bound enzymes of liver and brain was studied. Significant increase in total ATPase, Mg++ ATPase and insignificant effect on Na+K+ATPase in liver was observed. Total ATPases, Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase and acetylcholine estrase (AChE) in brain at different LLM level were significantly different. Results indicate that the toxic principles present in LLM leads to changes in membrane alteration.

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015800   Bharti A;Sahoo J (Department of Animal Products Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Modified atmosphere packaging of meat and meat products - aspects of packaging materials, packaging environment and storage temperature. Indian Fd Ind 1999, 18(5), 299-310.

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015799   Bellad S S;Watawe S C;Shaikh A M;Chougule B K (Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004) : Cadmium substituted high permeability lithium ferrite. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(2), 83-5.

Polycrystalline Li0.5-x/2CdxFe2.5-x/2O4 ferrites where x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 0.5 and 0.6 were prepared by a double sintering ceramic technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron micorscopy (SEM). The lattice parameter is found to increase monotonically with the cadmium content. It is explained in terms of the sizes of component ions. The grain size of the samples increases up to x = 0.3 and then it decreases for higher values of x. A similar trend is observed in the variation of Ms with Cd²⁺ content. The initial permeability (μi) is however found to increase continuously with x. The increase in μi is attributed to decrease of anisotropy constant K1 and higher grain size of the samples.

015798   Baskaran V;Narasimhamurthy K;Nagendra R; Lokesh B R (Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Safety evaluation of lactulose syrup in rats. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 355-7.

Safety of lactulose to be used in infant milk food formula as a bifidogenic factor was assessed. Lactulose syrup (50%) was administered intragastrically to groups of male and female rate (Wistar - CFT strain, 50g), at doses of 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 g/kg body weight/day in split doses for 20 days. A control group of rats received lactose solution at similar levels. The general condition of animals, their behaviour, food consumption and mortality if any, were recorded. The LD50 values and maximum tolerated dose were calculated. The computed LD50 values for male and female rats were >31g and <21g/kg body weight and the maximum tolerated doses are 18 g and 10g/kg body weight, respectively. Concentration greater than these caused transient diarrhoea, which disappeared within 5 h of feeding of lactulose. Treatment had no effect on food consumption, growth rate or behaviour and no mortality was observed in any of the groups. The study indicated that incorporation of laculose at 0.5% in infant formula, as a bifidogenic factor, did not induce any adverse effects on rats.

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015797   Barbuddhe S B;Malik S V S;Bhilegaonkar K N (Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122) : Growth inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by commercial nisin and lactic acid in raw buffalo meat mince. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 320-4.

Survivability of Listeria monocytogenes was studied against combination of 400 and 800 IU of commercial nisin (Nisaplin) with a final concentration of 20% lactic acid incorporated in raw buffalo meat mince stored at 4°C for 16 day and 37°C for 36 h. Initial microbial analysis of meat mince revealed pH, extract release volume, mesophiles and psychrophiles count as 6.04 47 ml, 37 x 10⁴ and 13 x 10⁴ cfu/g of meat, respectively. The growth of L. monocytogenes in the treated groups showed significant inhibitioin, as the count of pathogen registered only a slight increase whereas, in control groups, the count increased by more than 4 log cycles. The degree of inhibition increased with increase in the concentration of nisin and decrease in the storage temperature. pH in temperature groups remained significantly lower (P<0.01) than the control groups at 4°C and 37°C. Addition of lactic acid (2%) resulted in slight brownish discoloration of meat, but there was no disagreeable odour. This combination of food grade preservatives has been found to be effective listeriostatic in minced meat and can be used as adjunct specially in the event of "cold-chain" failure.

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015796   Badshah J;Saxena A K;Pachnanda K (NO, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal) : Instantization of dried milk. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 1999, 18(3-4), 195-8.

Systems of agglomeration for producing instant milk powders have been discussed. Good instant properties have been obtained after rewetting with two stage spray drying with instantization. The recently developed three stage instantization plant involves a spray dryer as the first stage, static fluid bed as the second stage and an external vibrating fluid bed as the third stage for improving the powder quality and thermal efficiency of the plant. Coating by lecithin wetting agents makes the Whole Milk Powder wettable and readily soluble.

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015795   Acharya M R;Shah R K (Department of Dairy Microbiology, Sheth M. C. College of Dairy Science, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand-388 110) : Some microbiological and chemical attributes of mango pulp samples. J Fd Sci Technol 1999, 36(4), 339-41.

Study was conducted to know the microbiological and chemical quality of mango pulp (5 samples each of loose and tinned mango pulp) available at Anand city. The average chemical composition of the loose mango pulp showed total solids 20.38, proteins 0.58, fat 0.61, ash 0.31, carbohydrates 18.88% and acidity 0.26 as percent citric acid. The corresponding values for tinned mango pulp were 25.68, 0.63, 0.53, 0.33, 24.19 and 0.65, respectively. The preservative (benzoic acid) was detected in only one loose sample and the coal-tar dyes were absent in all the samples. Among various microbial counts carried out, the average values for standard plate count, coliform count, yeast, mold, acid producers and psychrotrophic counts for loose mango pulp samples were 7.51, 4.57, 5.21, 4.70, 6.76 and 6.38 log cfu/g, respectively. The tinned pulp indicated average standard plate count and psychrotrophic count of 62 and 58 cfu/g, respecctively. Coliforms were absent in 1g product in all tins. The average values for yeasts, molds and acid producers' counts were 2, 3 and 20 cfu/g, respectively. Test for two pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. in 25 g product indicated presence of staphylococci in all 10 samples. However, all the isolates were coagulase negative. On the other hand, though the packed tins showed absence of Salmonella spp., they were detected in 3 out of 5 loose samples

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014799   Thakur L S;Parekha L J;Patel B K (Tobacco Projects, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand-388 110) : Evaluation of nutritional quality of tobacco seed oil. Tob Res 1998, 24(2), 65-9.

Crude tobacco seed oil was refined following the standard refining techniques. Chemical analysis of the crude oil did not show presence of nicotinoids. Fatty acid profile of the refined oil showed the presence of palmatic (15.23%), stearic (4.8%), oleic (13.2%) and linoleic (66.73%) acids, having comparable physical and chemical properties with most of the marketed edible oils. Rat-feeding trials of refined tobacco seed oil were undertaken to study the feasibility of the oil for edible purpose. Charles Foster albino rats were fed for 28 days on an isocaloric and isonitrogenous semi-purified diet containing 7% of three different fats i.e. tobacco seed oil, groundnut oil and vanaspati ghee. Tobacco seed oil did not cause any adverse effect on the growth and physiology of the rats, with respect to the total lipid content of serum, heart, liver, brain and kidney, and further the tobacco seed oil was comparable with groundnut oil. In case of total phospho-lipid content of different organs, tobacco seed oil was at par with groundnut oil. Histopathological studies of the major organs of the rats did not show any toxic effect of tobacco seed oil.

014798   Thakore B Y;Gajjar P N;Jani A R (Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Collective modes in Ca₇₀Mg₃₀ glass. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(1), 5-9.

Self-consistent phonon scheme given by Takeno and Goda, involving multiple scattering and phonon eigen frequencies which are expressed in terms of many-body correlation functions of atoms as well as of interatomic potential in the solids, has been used to generate the collective modes in the Ca₇₀Mg₃₀ glass. A model potential is proposed to describe the effective interaction in the glass. Three different forms of the local field correction functions viz. Hartree, Taylor and Ichimaru and Utsumi are used to examine relative influence of exchange and correlation effects. The phonon frequencies of the longitudinal and transverse modes are computed employing the theoretical formulation of Hubbard and Beeby. The elastic property of the glassy system is then studied using the long wavelength limits of the phonon modes. The theoretical computations reproduce much better dispersion curves (both for the longitudinal and transverse phonons) compared to earlier reports and are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental results due to neutron scattering.

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014797   Sreenivasa Rao K;Kumar A N (Applied mechanics Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016) : Toughness degradation during fabrication of API X42 and X60 grade pipeline. Trans Indian Inst Metals 1999, 52(4), 227-34.

Two fabrication steps in the manufacture of pipelines, namely cold bending and welding are identified for the significant deterioration of the steel plates used. In X60 grade around 57% and 40% loss in CTOD toughness are accounted for welding and bending respectively. However, a combined effect of the two results in 80% loss. In X42 grade, the toughness is measured by impact energy which is reduced significantly from 78.5 J (unweld) to 35 J due to welding. Microstructural and microfractographic results are used to justify the various toughness values in the parent mental, weld zone and heat affected zone in X42 grade. The orientation of pearlite banding as observed on fracture plane with respect to notch front and applied loading direction appears to have strong influence on the shape, size and morphology of the dimples and the corresponding toughness values.

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014796   Singh B P;Singh B (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Synthesis and magnetic properties of one-dimensional metal oxalate networks as molecular-based magnets. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(1), 11-16.

Homo- and heteropolymetallic assemblies of MM'(OX)₂(H₂O)₄, where MM' represents MnMn, CoMn, NiMn, CuMn, CoCo, NiCo, CuCo, NiNi, CuNi, and CuCu; and the respective complexes, numbered 1-10, have been prepared by reacting metal(II) salts - i.e. of Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu - and potassium oxalate monohydrate in hot water (90-100°C). The magnetic susceptibility data of the complexes 8 and 9 in the 300 K-20 K temperature range obeys the Curie-Weiss law and exhibits Weiss constants - 50 K and - 100 K, respectiely. On lowering the temperature, the effective magnetic moment decreases gradually and is indicative of antiferromagnetic phase transition. The complexes have also been characterized by ES mass spectrometry, infrared (IR), electronic, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra.

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014795   Sen A R;Sharma N (Division of Livestock Products Taechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122) : Quality changes in buffalo meat during storage at refrigerated temperature. Indian Fd Packer 1999, 53(5), 30-2.

Transportation condition was simulated by keeping the frozen (-18°C) buffalo meat in the refrigerated temperature (4± 1°C) for 48 hours. Changes in pH, 2-thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), tyrosine value, microbial and sensory characteristics were studied at 6 hourly intervals in meat. Little change in pH was noted over time and TBA value increased at a slow rate. After 309 hours of storage tyrosine value was significantly higher (P<60>0.05) than that of fresh one. Standard plate count (SPC), Psychrotropic count (PC) and Coliform increased slowly over time but Enterobacteriaceae increased significantly (P<60>0.05) with increase of storage interval. Colour and odour score of buffalo meat decreased after 18 hours of refrigerated storage. Similar pattern was also observed in depletion of odour score.

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014794   Sarveswara Rao K;Ray H S (NO, Regional Research Laboratory (C.S.I.R.), Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Thermal analysis studies on multimetal sulphides: characterisation, roasting and leaching. Trans Indian Inst Metals 1999, 52(4), 171-96.

Thermal analysis (TA) studies have been made to understand changes in mineralogy that occur when pure sulphide minerals, single concentrates and different Cu-Zn-Pb sulphide concentrates are heated in air. The observed sequential oxidation behaviour of both the synthetic and natural sulphide minerals is characterised by TA trace that are reasonably reproducible. It is shown that oxidation mechanisms of synthetic analogues during roasting are similar to those of bulk concentrates. The oxidation data thus obtained on sulphide roast products are also found to be useful to characterise some partial leach residues. During ammonia leaching of bulk concentrates, the pyrite grains are practically inert and remain in the leach residue along with oxidated lead compounds and goethite. TA data for roasting of partially leached samples are compared with those for roasting of untreated feed concentrates. The oxidation behaviour of copper, zinc and lead mineral phases of leach residues is then characterised. The observations are corroboratred by chemical phase analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy.

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014793   Rathor N;Saxena G C (Department of Chemistry, K.N. Govt. PG College, Gyanpur, Sant Ravidas Nagar-221 304) : Synthesis, physical and biological studies of nickel containing polymer films. J Indian Coun Chem 1999, 16(1), 1-5.

Metal containing polymer films have been synthesized by polymerization of styrene with acrylonitrile containing different concentrations of poly (nickel methacrylate). Copolymer of styrene with acrylonitrile in different ratios have been prepared by using diacetatobis (p-nitro phenyl carbonyl-p-hydroxy phenyl azomethine) uranyl (VI) as an initiator. Films were grown by dissolving copolymer in dioxane using a fixed concentration of 15% by weight of the solute. For preparing metal containing polymer films, different concentrations of poly (nickel methacrylate) have also been added. The synthesized polymers films have been characterized by gel permeation chromatography, FTIR and NMR spectra and elemental analysis. Other properties such as electrical conductance, chemical resistance, adsorptivity and antimicrobial activity have been studied.

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014792   Rao T V R K;Sofia Bano (Department of Chemistry, Purnia College, Purnia-854 301) : In-vitro inhibition of mineralisation of urinary stone forming minerals by fruit juices. Asian J Chem 2000, 12(1), 199-202.

Fruit juices, viz., juice of lemon varieties, orange, sweet orange, grape, pineapple, mango and amla have been studied as inhibitor in the mineralisation of urinary stone forming minerals, viz., calcium phosphate, oxalate or carbonate. Inhibition efficieny has been studied in different experimental models. Utility of these fruits, in urolithiasis inhibition has been discussed.

014791   Puranik D B;Hegde S G (NO, Veterinary College, Bidar) : Utilization of recombined milk for sandesh preparation. Karnataka J agric Sci 1998, 11(4), 1155-7.

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014790   Poonawala N S;Chakrabarti A K;Prodhan A (Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Influence of minor additions of nitrogen and titanium on the carbide morphology and transformations in chromium cast irons. Trans Indian Inst Metals 1999, 52(4), 245-50.

014789   Peshin A;Marwaha R S (Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171 001) : Potato processing-need and future potential. Indian Fd Packer 1999, 53(5), 33-8.

Potato processing in Andes is of very ancient origin, where potatoes are processed into `chuno' and `papa seca' the naturally freeze-dried and dried forms of potato. In India, processing started on commercial scale in the year 1911. Recently, there has been considerable increase in the manufacture and consumption of processed products in the country. The most popular processed potato products are chips and french fries. The quality of processed products depends on the morphological characters such as tuber shape, size, depth of eyes as well as on the chemical characters like dry matter and reducing sugar content of the tubers. Potatoes with high dry matter content (<62>20%) are preferred for potato chips, french fries and dehydrated products, whereas those with low dry matter content are best suited for canning. Focuses on the major processed potato products and the varieties found suitable for different forms of processing.

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014788   Patwardhan S G (NO, Central Food Technological Research Institute Regional Centre, Mumbai-400 058) : Maechanical clamping as an alternative to pressure compensation in steam processing of foods packed in jars/pouches. Indian Fd Packer 1999, 53(5), 23-9.

Green peas in brine were half filled in four jars and covered with 2% hot brine; so that a head space of 2 cm was maintained. After lug capping the jars were clamped with nut and bolt. Similarly, four multilayered laminate pouches were filled with water at 95°C containing drops of phenolphthalein. The pouches were then pushed in terry cloth pouches 1 cm longer and 1 cm wider so that the heat seal of the flexible pouches came under the metallic clampclosing of the terry cloth pouch. Head space equivalent to 4 cm top length of the pouch was maintained. Also a rigid plastic bottle containing water and few drops of phenolphthalein was clamped tightly after screw cap fitting using an A10 can. All the jars, pouches and rigid plastic bottle were separately autoclaved containing 1 N sodium hydroxide at 7030.7 Kg. per square inc for 20 minutes. The contents were found to have good quality and no leakage from or into the containers was observed.

014787   Pandey I P;Sharma K;Rawat T S (NO, , 5 Cross Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Physico-chemical factors affecting the formation of emulsion. Asian J Chem 2000, 12(1), 255-8.

Interfacial tension was regarded as a very important factor in determining the stability and the particle size of emulsions. It is now recognized that the work done in creating new interfaces is only a part of the interfacial tension promoting the disruption of the bulk interface, but the real importance of the emulsifier lies in the profound changes, especially of the electrical double layers, near the interfaces. The change in the interfacial tension is a readily measurable manifestation of the changes that have taken place in the nature of the interface.

014786   Pandey I P;Sharma K;Rawat T S (NO, , 5 Cross Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Viscosity of oil-in-oil emulsions with different surfactants. Asian J Chem 2000, 12(1), 238-42.

014785   Palanisamy P K;Mangaiyarkarasi D;Ramalingam A (Centre for Laser Technology, Department of Physics, Anna University, Chenai-600 025) : Instrument for online measurement of structural orientation in translucent polymer sheets. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(1), 23-6.

In many applications of polymer materials, a high tensile strength is required. There is a definite correlation between the degree of orientation of molecular chains achieved in the orientation process and the tensile strength obtained. Describes design and fabrication details of a device, `Laser based polymer orientation grader', for online measurement of the degree of orientation to obtain a high consistent tensile strength as output. This instrument has been designed making skilful use of the optical anisotropic property of the oriented polymer strip. The principle is based on the fact that the spatial distribution of laser light passing through the translucent polymer sheet depends on the degree of orientation of long chain molecules in the sheet. The method has potential online application in monitoring and controlling of anisotropy in manufacturing processes.