006305   Mehta R C S;Verma J P;Verma R K (Department of Production Engineering, College of Technology, Pantnagar-263 145) : Effect of submerged arc process variables on the bead geometry of flat fillet welds. Indian Weld J 1999, 32(2), 31-6.

006304   Kulshreshtha A K;Awasthi S K (NO, Research Centre, Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited, Vadodara-391 346) : State-of-the-art runnerless molding systems for plastics processors : an overview. Pop Plast Packag 1999, 44(11), 61-70,79.

This overview explains in an easy conversational style basic concepts, configuration, installation, multi-cavity production, absence of resin build-up, types and accuracy of nozzles continuity of production, opening and closing of the gate by the pressure of resin in the nozzle, leaving no sprues or runners, advantages over conventional molds, the bushing and the distributor tube concept, no problems with colour change, filled materials or shear-sensitive engineering grade materials.

006303   Kotilinga Reddy Y;Laxminarayana M;Ranganadham M;Sarma K S;Shive Kumar (NO, Dairy Technology Programme, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati) : Rheological studies of chhana butter spread. Beverage Fd Wld 1999, 26(6), 11-13.

Study has been undertaken to standardise the manufacture of protein-enriched low-fat butter spread containing chhana. Chhana was added at 30, 40, 50 percent levels to butter in the preparation of the spreads. The penetration value and cone stress index of both the spreads increased with increasing levels of protein rich products in the spread. The textural profile revealed progressive decrease in the hardness of the butter spread and increase in cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness with increasing levels of chhana in the spreads. Based on the various rheological and sensory attributes, use of 40 percent chhana in preparation of the butter spread was selected. The cost analysis indicates that the spread could be made available to the consumer at price nearly 25.77 percent lower than that of butter spread.

006302   Karpate R R;Thangaraj M;Jaiswal P K (NO, Central Agmark Laboratory, North Ambazari Road, Nagpur-440 010) : Shelf life study of triple filtered groundnut oil at accelerated conditions. Beverage Fd Wld 1999, 26(6), 33-4.

006301   Ibrahim N A;Abo Shosha M H;Higazy A (Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) : New cellulosic adsorbents for removing some hazardous anions and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Colourage 1999, 46(6), 15-19.

New aminated cellulosic adsorbents were prepared by reacting scoured flax, kenaf, and jute bast fibres, as host substrates, with Solidgen (crosslinked polyethyleneimine-CPEI), as a modifier bearing amino groups, at pH 5 for 1 hr at 60°C using a material-to-liquor rate of 1 : 10. The use of the obtained products for the removal of (MnO^-₄) and (Cr₂O₇^2-) metal anions as well as for picking up some anionic dyes, i.e., direct and acid dyes, from their aqueous solutions were investigated. The results showed that both the extent of amination as well as the removal capability were determined by the nature of the absorbent and followed the decreasing order : jute <62> kenaf <62> flax, regardless of the removal anion, reflecting the differences among these substrates in fibre morphology, physical structure, chemical constituents, noncrystalline area, location and distribution of CPEI on and/or within the bast fibre. The extnet of anion removal follows the order : MnO^-₄ <62> Cr₂O₇^2-, while the dye removal efficiency follows the order : acid <62> direct, regardless of the used adsorbents.

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006300   East G C;Lokhande H T;Gopala Rao G V (Department of Textile Industries, The University of Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK)) : Conformational changes in macromolecular esters. Chem envir Res 1996, 5(1-4), 113-20.

Polymeric esters containing 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid exhibited dual carbonyl absorption bands at 1720 cm^-1 and 1742 Cm^-1 and the intensities of those bands were varied in the amorphous and crystalline states. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Wide-Angle X-ray Scaltaling (WAXS) results suggested that the causing the changes in infrared spectra was crystallization. The conformational changes are found to be prerequisite for crystallization of polymeric esters of 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid. Monomeric esters of 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid also exhibited similar bahaviour.

006299   Dias F F (NO, , B2, G3, Navelkar Estates, Bainguim, Old Goa, Goa-403 402) : Sorbitol and other sugar alcohols in the food industry. Indian Fd Ind 1999, 18(4), 229-37.

006298   Chopra C S;Chauhan G S (Dept. of Food Technology, N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229) : Osmo-vacuum drying of carrots : effect of preblanching on drying characteristics and product quality . Beverage Fd Wld 1999, 26(6), 31-2.

Cylindrical carrot bars of length and diameter 1.39 and 0.6 cm, respectively, as such and after blanching in distilled water at 70°C for 15 and 30 min, and at 100°C for 2 min, were subjected to osmo-vacuum drying. There was remarkable reduction in both weight loss and water loss when the blanched samples were osmosed, however 3-4 fold increase in sucrose gain was also recorded. Drying rates of preblanched-osmosed carrot pieces during the vacuum drying were lower than those of unblanched samples. Blanching lowered the nonenzymic browning, rehydration ratio and water content in the reconstituted products, significantly. Blanching of carrot pieces at 70°C for 15 min produced the highest quality product.

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006297   Bose D (NO, Kamala Flux Pvt. Ltd, Bliss Tower-2, Flat 1-B, 75, Bhupen Roy Road, Calcutta-700 034) : Brazing. Indian Weld J 1999, 32(2), 37-40.

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006296   Basantia N C;Rai T (Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001) : Standardization of Karl-Fischer titration method for moisture determination in skim milk powder. Beverage Fd Wld 1999, 26(6), 38-40.

Visual Karl-Fischer titration (KFT) method was standardised for moisture estimation in skim milk powder (SMP). Pyridine free Karl-Fischer reagent, back titration technique and different solvents, solvent combinations and pre-treatments to extract moisture were tried to get comparable results to that of oven drying method. Formamide was found to be suitable solvent for complete extraction of moisture. Twenty-seven samples of SMP (roller dried) were analyzed simultaneously by standardised KFT and oven drying methods. It was found that KFT method gave 0.249 percent higher results than the oven drying method and the differences between the two methods were statistically insignificant. The higher values by KFT method were found to be due to the estimation of bound water which was not determined by oven drying method.

006295   Babu lal;Dubey R;Pandey K N;Singh R P;Kandpal L D (NO, Defence Materials & Stores Research & Development Establishment, P.O. DMSRDE, G.T. Road, Kanpur-208 013) : Effect of solvents on ILSS properties of glass fibre reinforced PEEK composites. Chem envir Res 1996, 5(1-4), 57-64.

Effect of immersion of composite specimens for 7 and 15 days in different solvents, of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) - Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites has been studied by Inter laminar shear strength (ILSS) determination. Similarly GFRP-unsaturated polyester and epoxy (LY-556) have also been fabricated and evaluated for their ILSS properties for comparative evaluation. It has been observed that the ILSS properties of Glass: PEEK composites are much superior than Glass: unsaturated polyester or Glass: Epoxy composites after immersion into solvent for 15 days. The deterioration of ILLS properties of glass : PEEK composites after dipping the composites for 15 days into some solvents, may be due to slight penetration of solvent through the freshly cut edges of composite. Fibre/matrix interfacial adhesion have been investigated with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

006294   Awasthi P;Yadav M C;Mishra A (Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, G.B.P. Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145) : Effect of incorporation of defatted soy flour on physical and sensory quality of biscuits. Beverage Fd Wld 1999, 26(6), 14-16.

Biscuits were prepared using different proportions of defatted soyflour (DSF) incorporated to wheat flour. Water absorption and baking time were also recorded. Physical and sensory characteristics of biscuits were studied. Data revealed that thickness of soy-fortified biscuits was found to be greater than that of control biscuits whereas diameter decreased gradually with increasing proportions of DSF. Spread ratio and percent spread factor tended to decrease with the increased level of DSF incorporations in the formulations. All soy-fortified biscuits exhibited substantially higher hardness than that of control. The sensory evaluation results showed that a maximum of 15 percent DSF can be incorporated to prepare acceptable quality biscuits.

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006293   Ashar M N;Prajapati J B (Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand-388 110) : Intestinal microflora, fermented milks and their role in human health. Everymans Sci 1999, 34(1), 4-7.

Microorganisms that form the natural flora of the intestine consist of chiefly bacteria belonging to bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, clostridia, coliforms, eubacteria, bacteriodes and staphylococci. Their proportion changes with the age, food habits and several other factors. The metabolic activities of these gut flora have wide ranging implications for the health of the host. The beneficial microflora, viz., bifidobacteria and lactobacilli play an important role in maintaining the health. Their ingestion in the form of fermented foods have shown several beneficial effects in the host, especially regulation of gut microflora and relief in the gastro-intestinal disturbances.

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006292   Ang P (NO, Airco Coating Technology, 4020 Pike Lane, Concord, CA 94524) : Progress of QLF barrier coating. Pop Plast Packag 1999, 44(11), 77-9.

Airco has made substantial developments in the Chemical Plasma Deposition (CPD) of SiO₂. This technology has progressed from an R and D coater to a prototype, to its current stage of production-scale equipment. Developments on various substrates including OPP, LDPE, PET and nylon will be reported for the 12" and 26" wide roll coating systems, along with up-to-date data from a production-sale, 60" wide coater. Successful operation of the first two production-scale systems has moved Airco into commercialization of the QLF transparent barrier coating.

006291   Agrahar D;Yadav B P S;Gupta J J;Sahoo S K (Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR Complex for NEH Region, Umroi Road, Umiam-793 103) : Nutrient profile and food value of indigenous herbs. Indian J Hill Fmg 1999, 12(1&2), 114-5.

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005278   Varada Rajulu A;Reddy R L (Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003) : Ultrasonic, refractometric and viscosity studies of polyethylene oxide/polymethyl methacrylate and polyethylene oxide/polystyrene blends in solution. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 379-82.

Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity, refractive index and density of Polyethylene oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEO/PMMA) and Polyethylene oxide/Polystyrene (PEO/PS) blends in chloroform have been measured at 30°C. Using the viscosity data, the interaction parameters have been computed which indicate that PEO/PMMA blend is miscible where as PEO/PS is immiscible. This is confirmed by the ultrasonic and refractive index methods.

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005277   Varada Rajulu A;Mabu Sab P (Department of Polymer Science, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003) : Ultrasonic studies of polycarbonate in chloroform solutions. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 373-4.

Ultrasonic velocity, refractive index and density of polycarbonate in chloroform solutions were measured at 30°C. The molar sound velocity of the system was estimated using group contribution method. A close agreement between the estimated and experimentally determined values is found. The variation of ultrasonic velocity, refractive index, and density is found to linear indicating that the structure of the polymer is not changing in the solution. This is attributed to the presence of rigid phenyl groups in the main chain of the polymer.

005276   Varada Rajulu A;Mabu Sab P (Department of Polymer Science, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003) : Ultrasonic studies of iso-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X-100)/water mixtures. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 359-62.

Ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity and refractive index of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (iso octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol)/water mixtures were measured at 30°C. The variation of ultrasonic velocity, density, refractive index and adiabatic compressibility with mole ratio of water/Triton X-100 comprises two linear portion with different slopes. These slopes show a break at a ratio of moles of water/Triton X-100 indicating hexa hydrate formation. This is explained on the basis of hydrophilicity in the surfactant provided by hydrogen bonding with water molecules. Further, when the mole ratio of water/Triton X-100 is less than 3.5, the variation of ultrasonic velocity, density, refractive index and viscosity deviated erratically from linearity. This is explained on the basis of chain entanglement when the polymer content is very high in the mixtures.

005275   Subha M C S;Nagamani C;Surendra Babu N;Rao K C;Sadasiva Rao A;Naidu B V (Department of Polymer Science & Technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003) : Miscibility and interaction studies on polymer blends of poly (methacrylic acid)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) by ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and refractometric methods. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 367-71.

Densities, viscosities, ultrasonic velocities and refractometric indices of Poly (methacrylic acid) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) blends in dimethyl Sulphoxide have been measured over a wide range of compositions and concentrations at 35°C. The variation of ultrasonic velocity, and derived acoustical parameters like adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, Rao number and molar compressibility with the composition of the blend solution was found to be non-linear. This non-linearity has been attributed to incompatibility of this blend in DMSO. This behaviour was confirmed by viscometric, refractometric and interaction parameter methods. These investigations offer an entirely new and simple approach to study the compatibility of the polymer blends which is in general obtained by sophisticated techniques of thermal, dynamic mechanical and electron microscopic analysis.

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005274   Subbaratnam R;Palaniappan M;shanmugam K (Quality Assurance Division, Team Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102) : Ultrasonic examination of titanium weld overlay on austenitic stainless steel. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 231-4.

Dissimilar weld overlay is used for many purposes in the industry, depending on the service requirements. Many methods are used for the overlaying material on the base material. Mostly welding processes like fusion welding using consumable electrodes, pressure welding and explosive welding are used for this purpose. Non-destructive examination (NDE) is used to assess the quality of welding and the overlaying. Separate NDE methods and procedures are required for assessing the quality. During such examinations the different properties of the joining materials will pose problems in the assessment of the defects and in the sensitivity of examination. Deals with the one such problem faced during the ultrasonic examination of titanium overlay on stainless steel base material and the solution arrived for setting up the examination procedure.

005273   Sharma A;Rajput S;Mathew S;Khokale D (Department of Biosciences, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 001) : Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of some icecream samples. Indian J appl pure Biol 1999, 14(1), 27-32.

Six different ice-cream samples consisting both Bars and Cups were brought to the laboratory under ice cold conditions. Their physicochemical characteristics such as pH, Alkalinity, Protein and Carbohydrate contents were determined. Bacteriological analysis was made by total viable count and 45 bacterial species were isolated and identified. An antibiotic resistance/sensitivity test was carried out to test the resistance/sensitivity pattern of different isolates obtained against some common antibiotics.

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005272   Satish Kumar;Kainth P S;Chauhan K S (Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun) : Natural durability and grave yard performance of preservative treated bamboos. J Timb Dev Ass India 1998, 44(3), 17-24.

Graveyard data on natural durability of three species of bamboo shows that none of the species is durable in ground contact. Treatment with creosote: fuel oil mixture proved to be the best wood preservative for enhancing the life of bamboo. The performance of CCA, ACC and CCB treated bamboos was almost equivalent. The performance of Melocanna bambusoides even after preservative treatment was not good, although this species has earlier been found to treat well.

005271   Ray R K;Satyam Suwas (Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Texture evolution in trimetal aluminide intermetallics. Metals Mater Process 1998, 10(3), 265-86.

Aluminide intermetallic materials have been recognized as potential candidates for a variety of high-temperature structural applications capable of withstanding well beyond the operating temperatures of conventional materials. Thermomechanical processing methods constitute important routes in forming these materials into suitable shapes for various applications. The processing routes also influence the texture of the product which in turn dictates the final properties. Summarizes the salient results obtained by other workers in this field and also, highlights the most significant new observations made in laboratory at the Indian Institute of Technology (I I T), Kanpur, during a systematic study of texture evolution in trimetal aluminide intermetallic alloys based on Ni3Al, Fe3Al, and Ti3Al as function of both cold / hot rolling and subsequent annealing.

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005270   Rajkumar K V;Thavasimuthu M;Jayakumar T; Kalyanasundaram P (Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102) : Quantitative sizing of fine defects by ultrasonic synthethic aperture focusing technique. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 245-8.

Ultrasonic Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) has been employed for quantitative sizing of fine defects in austenitic stainless steel specimens. Conventional ultrasonic testing was also carried out on these specimens so as to compare the result obtained using SAFT. Defects of 2, 3 and 4 mm width when sized with conventional technique resulted in over estimation, whereas SAFT could size the defect closer to the actual dimensions. The advantage of SAFT over conventional testing in quantitative sizing is discussed.

005269   Prasad R (Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Electronic structure of disordered alloys. Metals Mater Process 1998, 10(3), 193-202.

Last decade has been rapid progress in the understanding of the electronic structure of disordered alloys using first-principles methods. These methods do not contain any adjustable parameters and the only input parameters are the atomic numbers of the constituent atoms and the crystal structure of the alloy. For disordered alloys these methods are either based on KKR or LMTO approach. These approaches in conjuction with the coherent-potential approximation (CPA) have emerged as powerful tools for a study of the electronic structure of disordered alloys. To illustrate some of the applications, some recent results on Li-Mg, Nb-Mo, Fe-Cu and Fe-Ag alloys are presented.

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005268   Peker I (Department of Environmental Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey) : Solubilities of Zn, Sb and Se found in anode slime. Asian J Chem 1999, 11(3), 979-86.

Study were to examine the methods used for recovering the precious metals from the anode slime formed as a byproduct during the production of high purity copper by electrolytic means, and to investigate the products obtained. The characteristics of the electrolysed copper dictate the type and the amounts of Cu, Se, Te, Zn, Pb, Fe, Ni, Ag, Au and Pt group of metals present in the slime. Since the anode slime has a very low ratio of zinc by virtue, obtaining zinc from its ore is the best and most convenient way. The solubilities of Zn, Sb and Se present in an anode slime were examined by using sulphuric acid for the effects of the concentration of solvent, temperature and time. The increase in temperature and time (at 210°C) increased the solubility of Se only and 80% of Se passed inot the solution.

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005267   Pandya J M;Joshi S D;Thakor M K (Department of Chemistry, Muni Arts and Urban Bank Science College, Mehsana-384 002) : Corrosion behaviour of B26S aluminium alloy in lemon juice containing azo dyes. Oriental J Chem 1999, 15(1), 85-91.

Corrosion of B26S aluminium alloy in lemon juice containing various azo dyes has been studied. Corrosion of aluminium alloys increase with increase the period of immersion and dilution of lemon juice. The corrosion of aluminium alloys increase with increase the temperature of solution. The corrosion of B26S aluminium has been studied with respect to the concentration of dyes, period of immersion and temperature. Corrosion of B26S aluminium alloy by dilute solutions of juice containing azo dyes has also been studied. The dyes are found to increase the corrosion, in order at 0.1 (%w/v); sunset yellow <60> amaranath <60> tartrazine <60> fast red E <60> carmosine. However, at the higher juice concentration (50% w/v), the dyes reduce the corrosion rate about 1% to 14%. The extent of corrosion increase with increase in the period of immersion but rate of acceleration was decreased or almost remained constant. Shows that some more complex reaction may be established. The values of energy of activation in juice containing dyes less than plain juice indicate that the azo dyes belong to a class of compounds which can be considered for providing corrosion inhibitor at elevated temperature.

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005266   Palanichamy P;Ganesan V;Kalyanasundaram P (Division for PIE & NDT Development Metallurgy and Materials Group, In, , Kalpakkam-603 102) : Ultrasonic NDE of cold worked austenitic stainless steel microstructures. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 253-8.

Microstructure of 0-50% cold worked (CW) AISI type 304 stainless steel are evaluated by TEM and correlated with ultrasonic attenuation measurements. Results indicate that attenuation measurements at the frequencies up to 15MHz are useful in revealing the microstructural changes whereas measurements at high frequencies (above 15MHz and up to 100MHz) are useful in revealing the microstructural changes as well as substructural features like dislocation pile up, formation of ξ-phase (martensite) and nucleation of α'-phase from ξ. The study reveals that high frequency ultrasonic measurements can effectively be utilised as quality control tool for monitoring microstructural, substructural and mechanical property changes due to cold working in AISI type 304 stainless steel.

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005265   Muckhopadhayay C K;Jayakumar T;Ray K K;Baldev Raj (NDT & E Section, Division for PIE & NDT Development, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam) : Tensile behaviour of unnotched and notched specimens of AISI type 304 stainless steel using acoustic emission technique. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 273-7.

Acoustic emission generated during tensile deformation of nuclear and commercial grade AISI type 304 stainless steels in the unnotched and notched conditions has been studied. AE counts generated increase with increasing thickness of the specimens. AE counts from notched specimens are usually higher than those from unnotched specimens in the nuclear grade steel, unlike the opposite results obtained for the commercial grade steel in the study and also reported results for other materials. The extent of acoustic activity generated depends on notch tip severity, notch tip blunting and tearning of the notches.

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005264   Modi S V;Desai K R (Department of Chemistry, South Gujarat University, Surat-395 007) : Synthesis, dyeing performance and computerised color matching studies of mixed bifunctional reactive dyes on knitted cotton fabrics. Oriental J Chem 1999, 15(1), 153-6.

Twelve mixed bifunctional reactive dyes viz 1-Naphthol-2-[2'-methoxy-5'-methyl-4'-(β-sulphatoethyl sulphonyl) phenyl] azo-8-(2"-chloro-4"-aryl ureido-6"-yl-s-triazene) amino sodium salt of 3,6-disulphonic acid were prepared by condensing 1-Naphthol-8-amino-3,6-sulphonic acid with cyanuric chloride and coupling with diazotised 2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(β-sulphatoethyl sulphonyl) aniline and finally condensing with various aryl ureas. These dyes when applied to knitted cotton fabric gave magenta, violet, pink and red shaded with moderate to good light fastness, good to excellent wash fastness and very good to excellent exhaustion. 15 ref

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005263   Lokhande R S;Kolte A R;Prabhavalkar T S (Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai-400 098) : Chemical yield after γ-irradiation treatment on nuclear grade ion exchanger, indion-223. Asian J Chem 1999, 11(3), 1026-8.

Radiation treatment is given to the nuclear grade polystryrene resin Indion-223 using cobalt-60 gamma rays in different salt forms. The H2SO4 yield has been estimated which was found to increase as a function of absorbed dose and it is dependent on the counter action in the resin matrix. The estimation of the effluent of the exchanger was also carried out for its BaSO4 content which also increases with the radiation dose of the exchanger.

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005262   Lokhande R S;Ingale M N (Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai-400 098) : Self-diffusion studies in polystyrene nuclear grade resin. Asian J Chem 1999, 11(3), 1034-6.

Self-diffusion studies of Cr³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions in a gel type polystyrene sulphonic acid resin (nuclear grade) was carried out. All the plots obtained for self-diffusion of Cr³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions in nuclear grade cation exchanger Indion-223 show the linear relationship and the tendency of passing through origin.

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005261   Kalyanasundaram S;Sundaresan B (Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003) : Ratio of specific heats for polymer and polymer-electrolyte solutions through ultrasonic method. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 375-8.

Ultrasonic velocity and density were measured for PEG + water and PEG + KCl + water solutions at 303K, 313K and 323K. The experimental results were used to estimate solvation numbers which in turn used to compute isothermal compressibility and hence the ratio of specific heats.

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005260   Kalyanasundaram S;Sundaresan B (Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003) : Determination of interaction parameter for polymer-salt solutions using acoustic method. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 363-6.

Recently, a method for the estimation of interaction parameter for polymer solutions using ultrasonic technique has been reported. The above methodology is applied to aqueous poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) solutions. In addition, it is applied to aqueous solutions of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) containing NaCl. The obtained results are discussed in terms of polymer - ion interaction.

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005259   Kalyanasundaram S;Hemalatha J (Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003) : Acoustical and optical studies of aqueous PEG solutions. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 389-92.

Optical parameters like refractive index, space - filling factor and van der waals' constant are quite useful in identifying the molecular interactions of polymer with water. The non-linear variation of the refractive index and space-filling factor with the molecular ratio of the mixture indicates the presence of the solute - solvent interactions. Hence, the refractive indices of aqueous solutions of PEG 6000 at the temperatures 303K, 308K, 313K and 318K are measured. The non-linear variation predicts the presence of the solute - solvent interactions at all the above temperatures.

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005258   Jayakumar T;Anish Kumar (NDT & E Section, Division for PIE and NDT Development, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102) : Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation of microstructures and residual stresses. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 75-84.

Work carried out at the laboratory on the use of various ultrasonic parameters for evaluation of microstructures and residual stresses in a wide range of materials such as ferritic and austenitic steels, polymers, glass, concrete etc. has been highlighted.

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005257   Hussein M Z B;Zainal Z;Kok P E (NO, Jabatan Kimia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM, Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia)) : Synthesis of magnesium - aluminium - layered double hydroxide - Evan's blue nanocomposite. Oriental J Chem 1999, 15(1), 53-60.

Nanocomposite of anionic clay-dye of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide-Evan's blue system was synthesised by microwave-assisted and conventional methods. X-ray diffractograms confirmed the occurrence of the intercalation process of the dye in Mg-Al-hydroxides interlayer by both methods and form new nanocomposite material of around 9.1 and 8.5 A stack of layers, for conventional and microwave-assisted method, respectively. Such layer spaces indicated that the dye molecule is possibly arranged paralled to the Mg-Al-hydroxide layers. UV-visible study showed that the dye content in the layers was estimated to be around (1-4) percent for both methods, depending on the aging time and concentration. Deintercalation of the dye from the nanocomposite was found to be possible by using nitric acid. FTIR study also confirmed that the nanocomposites were formed by both methods of preparation. No significant different in the morphology of the samples prepared by both methods that can be clearly observed by scanning electron microscope.

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005256   Biswas A K;Tomar K P (NO, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038) : Optimal conditions for phosphorus analysis by malachite green method. Oriental J Chem 1999, 15(1), 113-6.

Malachite green method is by far the most sensitive spectrophotometric method for estimation of P in soil-water and other extracts. The phosphomolybdo-dye colour intensity and the colour stability are greatly influenced by the solution acidity and the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Optimum combinations of H2 SO4 acidity and PVA required to stabilize the coloured complex have been evaluated. A minimum PVA level of 0.04 percent (w/v) and a minimum acidity of 0.4N H2 SO4 have been recommended to prevent agglutination and precipitation of the coloured complex. The acid stability plateau at a PVA concentration of 0.06 per cent was between 0.8 and 1.2N H2 SO4 at all P levels. The plateau moves slightly towards lower normality of H2SO4 at higher PVA concentrations. At 1.0N H2SO4 and 0.06 percent PVA, the Beer-Lambert law was excellently followed by the coloured complex up to 0.4 mg P L^-1 when absorbance was recorded at 635 nm wavelength using 1-cm path length cells.

005255   Bhatawderkar S P;Balasubramanya R H;Inamdar A N (NO, Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai-400 019) : Characterization of cottonseed protein and oil. J Indian Soc Cott Improv 1998, 23(2), 201-6.

Amino acid pattern and fatty acid composition of cottonseed protein and oil respectively obtained from fourteen varieties belonging to four species and a couple of hybrids have been reported. The amino acid profile of all fourteen cottonseed varieties showed the presence of seventeen amino acids. The concentration of glutamic acid was found to be maximum and that of cysteine, the sulphur containing amino acid, was minimum. There was no significant variation with respect to fatty acid composition in the cottonseed oil.

005254   Bansi Lal;Rao K V (Centre for Laser Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Preparation of single crystal fibers using a CO2 laser. Metals Mater Process 1998, 10(3), 231-6.

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005253   Baldev Raj (Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102) : Acoustic emission for materials research in austenitic and ferritic alloys. J Acoust Soc India 1999, 27(1-4), 13-25.

005252   Balasubramaniam R (Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Some aspects of presence of lead in the Delhi iron pillar. Curr Sci 1999, 77(5), 681-6.

Some aspects related to the presence of lead in the Delhi iron pillar are presented. The presence of a lead solder in the joint between the decorative bell capital and the main body of the Delhi iron pillar has been confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis of the corrosion products obtained from the joint region. The corrosion product were unambiguously identified as lead carbonate hydroxide hydrate PbCO3.Pb(OH)2

005251   Anith K N;Tilak K V B R;Khanuja P S (NO, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal, Wayanad-673 593) : Molecular basis of antifungal toxin production by fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. strain EM 85-a biological control agent. Curr Sci 1999, 77(5), 671-7.

Fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. (strain EM 85) was found to inhibit growth of many soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi and effectively control fungal diseases. The genetics governing this character was probed by mutagenesis followed by a functional complementation analysis after construction of a genomic library of the wild-type strain using the cosmid vector pLAFR 1. A cosmid clone, pANF 17 was able to complement the antifungal toxin production in a defective mutant. The chromosomal origin of the DNA fragment in the cosmid clone was confirmed by a Southern blot. Sub-clones of the three EcoRI fragments from pANF 17, however, failed in the complementation test. The complementing cosmid was found to be stably maintained and expressed in the defective mutant under laboratory plate assay and in vivo conditions as evidenced by the extraction and detection of the toxin and biological control experiment.

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005250   Agarwal S C (Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Metastabilities and potential fluctuations in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Metals Mater Process 1998, 10(3), 209-16.

Thin films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si-H) are heterogeneous, as they contain a non uniform distribution of hydrogen and dopants. This gives rise of potential fluctuations, which have a profound effect on their electronic properties. How these potential fluctuations can be measured by the transport and optical methods is described. The metastable changes in the long range potential fluctuations in lithium doped a-Si-H, upon elevated temperature are measured. It is found that the long range potential fluctuations increase upon light-soaking, but are not affected much by thermal quenching. The role played by hydrogen is also discussed.

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004193   Sridhar N B;Prasanth G (NO, Vetrotex Industries India Pvt. Ltd, Thimmapur) : Glass fibre reinforced plastics (GRP) in automotive industry. Pop Plast Packag 1999, 44(10), 59-64.

004192   Smith J W;Quinn P R O;Goodband R D;Tokach M D;Nelssen J L (Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA) : Effects of low-protein, amino acid-fortified diets formulated on a net energy basis on growth performance and carcass characterstics of finishing pigs. J appl Anim Res 1999, 15(1), 1-16.

Two hundred eighty-eight crossbred gilts (PIC L326 x C22, initially f48 kg) were used to determine the effects of corn-soybean meal or low protein, amino acid-fortified diets formulated to equal net energy (NE) concentrations on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Diets were formulated to two NE concentrations, 2.51 and 2.58 Mcal/kg during growing and 2.58 and 2.65 Mcal/kg during finishing period. Amino acids were provided from soybean meal or a combination of soybean meal and crystalline amino acids (L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, and L-tryptophan) formulated on an ideal protein basis. Pigs fed diets containing intact protein had greater (P<60>0.01) ADG, G:F and percentage lean than pigs provided diets containing crystalline amino acids. For the overall experiment, pigs fed high NE had greater (P<60>) ADG, ADFI, 10th rib fat depth and percentage lean than pigs fed low NE. This study showed that pigs fed low-protein, amino acid-fortified diets had lower ADG, G:F and percentage lean compared with pigs fed intact protein, regardless of NE.

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004191   Shoremi O I A;Ayoade J A;Akinwale V O (Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria) : Maize replacement value of cassava peels soaked in water for different time periods in grower rabbit ration. J appl Anim Res 1999, 15(1), 87-91.

In a study that lastedd 84 days, 20 crossbred (New Zealandd x California) rabbits (20 weeks, 1.07kg) were used to evaluate the partial maize replacement value of unsoaked and soaked (1, 3 and 5h in water) cassava peels and incorporated at 45% maize substitution. Results indicated that the HCN content of the cassava peel meal decreased with increased duration of soaking. Feed intake and water consumption significantly increased (P<60>0.05) as the duration of soaking increased but other parameters remained unaffected. Further studies with larger number of younger rabbits is advocated.

004190   Rude B J;Rankins D L (Dept. of Animal & Dairy Sci., Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA) : Effect of hay and molasses on the utilization of broiler litter-based diets by beef cattle. J appl Anim Res 1999, 15(1), 41-52.

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental hay and (or) molasses addition on the utilization of diets containing broiler litter (BL) and corn. Trial 1:48 steers (intial body weight = 200±13 kg) were allotted to one of the following four diets (four steers/pen; three pens/diet) (1) 530g/kg cracked corn and 470g/kg BL (dry matter basis) fed free-choice, 2) diet 1+hay daily at 5 g/kg of body weight, 3) diet 1+hay fed on Mondays and Thursdays to equal 5g/kg of body weight per day, and 4) diet 1+free choice hay. Total daily intake by steers fed hay ad libitum or on a daily basis was greater (P<60>0.05) than that by those offered no hay. Daily gains were greater (P<60>0.05) for steers consuming hay ad limitum or on a daily basis than steers that were offered no hay or hay twice per week. Trial 2:16 steers (initial body weight=299±29 kg) were allotted to receive one of four diets for 72 days following a 20-day adaptation period: 530 kg and corn and 470 g/kg BL(dry matter basis);, diet 1 supplemented with 1.7kg hay/d; 473 g/kg corn, 343 g/kg BL and 183 g/kg molasses; diet 3 supplemented with 1.7 hay/d. Hay supplementation resulted in greater total day matter intake and average daily gain (P<60>0.05) compared with steers not supplemented. However, when expressed as a proportion of body weight, hay suplementation did not affect intake (P<62>0.05).

004189   Rao G V;Prasad A R;Das B;Bhima Rao R (NO, Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, India) : Column flotation to recover molybdenite from Rakha Copper Concentrate, India. II. Dewatering studies and the clearner circuit. Trans Indian Inst Metals 1998, 51(6), 479-84.

In an endeavor to simplify the flowsheet of molybdenite recovery from rakha copper concentrate, developed by the in-house R&D of Hindustan Copper Limited, detailed dewatering studies on the copper concentrate and column flotation studies on the rougher molybdenite concentrate were carried out including optimisation of intermediate grinding of the column concentrate. The optimisation of cyclone geometry to obtain clear overflow and the adaptability of column flotation in the circuit are discussed. The column could raise the Mo content to around 40% with <62> 95 recovery in single stage, from a rougher molybdenite concentrate containing 5% Mo, by using sodium hydrogen sulfide as depressant. Conditioning the rougher concentrate in presence of NaHS was observed to be a critical step in the flowsheet necessitating the use of air tight conditioners. The molybdenite concentrate from column was required to be ground once before the same is treated in another column to produce final molybdenite concentrate containing 53% Mo with around 80% over all recovery. All these aspects along with detailed material balance and the scheme of the simplified commercial flowsheet were discussed.

004188   Rao G V;Das B;Prasad A R;Sahu R K;Ansari M I (NO, Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, India-751 013) : Column flotation to recover molybdenite from Rakha Copper Concentrate. I. Conventional rougher flotation of molybdenite with sodium hydrogen sulphide. Trans Indian Inst Metals 1998, 51(6), 473-8.

Rakha Copper Concentrator near Ghatsila, Bihar, India product 40 TPD beneficiated copper concentrate containing 24-25% Cu and 0.25% Mo. The in-house R&D of Indian Copper Complex at Ghatsila developed a flowsheet to recover molybdenite from the rakha copper concentrate which consists of dewatering rougher flotation, followed by 9 stage cleaning with two intermediate grinding stages to produce concentrate containing 50% Mo with 80% recovery. In an endeavor to simplify the flowsheet detailed studies were carried out on the copper concentrate to optimize the molybdenite rougher flotation and to size the cells neededd for the commercial plant. Molybdenite present in the copper concentrate was found to be fast floating. In presence of sodium hydrogen sulphide as depressant, nearly 98% of the weight rejection was achieved in 5 minutes of batch flotation. Conditioning with NaHS at 40% solids in presence of 15 ml/l NaHs a rougher Molybdenite concentrate containing 4% Mo with around 90>F128>% recovery could be achieved. The aspects related to sizing of the rougher flotation cells needed for the commercial circuit are also discussed.

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