024336   Aigbodion A I;Bakare I O;Okieimen F E (End-Use Division, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 1049, Benin City, Nigeria) : Investigation of oxirane ring opening reaction in expoxidized rubber seed oil. J Oil Technol Ass India 2001, 33(1), 16-19.

Oxirane ring opening reaction in epoxidized rubber sedd oil (ERSO) was investigated using different amounts of acetic acid at different temperatures. The rate of oxirane cleavage is higher when larger amounts of acetic acid are used. The rate also increases with increase in reaction temperature. Kinetic study shows that the oxirane cleavage reaction is first order in epoxide and thus its rate is independent of the amount of the epoxide. The reaction order in acetic acid is fractional <126> 0.5 at 50°C and 0.8 at boty 60 and 70°C. The energy of activation (Ea) and the enthalpy of reaction (H) are 13.91 and 13.25 kcal mol^-1 respectively. The practical implications of these results to production of ERSO are discussed.

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024223   Yan Li (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao, 266071, China) : Corrosion behaviour of hot dip zinc and zinc-aluminium coatings on steel in seawater. Bull Mater Sci 2001, 24(4), 355-60.

Comparative investigation of hot dip Zn-25Al alloy, Zn-55Al-Si and Zn coatings on steel was performed with attention to their corrosion performance in seawater. The results of 2-year exposure testing of these at Zhoushan test site are reported here. In tidal and immersion environments, Zn-25 Al alloy coating is several times more durable than zinc coating of double thickness. At long exposure times, corrosion rate for the Zn-25 Al alloy coating remains indistinguishable from that for the Zn-55 Al-Si coating of similar thickness in tidal zone, and is two to three times lower than the latter in immersion zone. The decrease in tensile strength suggested that galvanized and Zn-55 Al-Si coated steel suffer intense pitting corrosion in immersion zone. The electrochemical tests showed that all these coatings provide cathodic protection to the substrate metal; the galvanic potentials are equal to - 1,050, - 1,025 and - 880 mV (SCE) for zinc, Zn-25 Al alloy and Zn-55 Al-Si coating, respectively, which are adequate to keep the steel inside the immunity region.

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024222   Verma S P;Sahoo J (Department of Animal Products Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Synergistic effect of L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol acetate on the quality of ground chevon during refrigerated storage. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 220-6.

Synergistic effect of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and α-tocopherol acetate (TA) on the quality of ground chevon obtained from adult male Beetal x Black Bengal crossbred goat carcasses during refrigerated storage (4±1°C) was studied. The pre-blended ground chevon samples with no additives, 600 ppm AA, 10 ppm TA and 600 ppm AA + 10 ppm TA kept in a refrigerated storage (4±1°C) revealed a synergistic effect of AA + TA to improve different quality characteristics of the meat. AA + TA samples showed a significantly (P<60>0.05) higher WHC %, colour score, odour score and lower pH, cooking loss %, metmyoglobin (MMB) %, TBARS number, PV, FFA % as compared to the control and the samples containing AA or TA alone. All the quality parameters showed a highly significant (P<60>0.01) correlation (r-value) between each other during storage. A strong relationship between TBARS number and MMb% was observed during the storage period and a regression equation (Y=0.1593 + 0.0173 X, where Y = TBARS number, x = MMb%) was established. The combined treatment of AA and TA for pre-blending the ground chevon samples extended the shelf life up to 9 days are compared to 3 days in the control sample during the refrigerated storage.

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024221   Vasanth Kumar K;Krishnasamy N (Department of Chemical Engineering, Sriram Engineering College, Perumalpattu) : Transport process in sorption of basic dyes on to carbonised coconut shell. Chem Wkly 2001, 46(45), 161-7.

Experiments were carried out in a batch process to study the rate of surface mass transfer coefficient on carbonised coconut shell. Equations have to be derived for relationship of surface mass transfer co-efficient in the form of dimensionless groups (Sh/Sc^1/3) vs initial concentration, adsorbant dosage, particle size and temperature. The equilibrium data fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir equally well.

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024220   Tope A M;Jamil K (NO, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007) : Isolation of TNT tolerant Pseudomonas species (strain KA) from TNT contaminated soil-biotransformation of TNT. Def Sci J 2001, 51(2), 141-6.

A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) utilising bacterium, Pseudomonas species (strain KA) was isolated from soils of a munitions processing unit and studies for its ability to grow and metabolise TNT. The result indicated that the isolate could grow aerobically in a minimal salt medium containing 0.25 mM/l TNT at 30°C. It could completely transform 0.25 mM/l TNT in 5 days giving 2-isomeric monoaminodinitrotoluenes, namely 4-aminodinitrotoluene and 2-aminodinitrotoluene. Products of TNT transformation were analysed and confirmed by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Both, growth of the isolate and biotransformation rates were better supported on sugar and ammonium salt when added to the medium separately. Pseudomonas species (strain KA) showed maximum TNT transformation efficiency in the presence of mannose. For degradation of TNT, this strain can be employed to initiate the process in association with the other microbial members that can collectively degrade TNT.

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024219   Tiwari V;Vankar P S (Faculty of Ecological and Analytical Testing, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Unconventional natural dyeing using microwave and sonicator with alkanet root bark. Colourage 2001, 48(5), 25-6, 28.

024218   Tewari G;Jayas D S (NO, Guelph Food Technology Centre, 88, McGilvray St., Guelph, NIG 2W1, ON Canada) : Influence of particle-particle interactions of fluid-to-particle heat transfer coefficients (hfp) under tube flow conditions using stationary particle technique. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 243-7.

Fluid-to-particle heat transfer coefficients (hfp were determined experimentally during flow of fluid over one or more particles using "stationary particle technique". The effects of different process parameters (e.g., particle-particle interaction, carried fluid viscosity, carrier fluid temperature and flow rate) on hfp were quantified. The hfp value for the sample particle (silicone sphere) decreased by 5-20%, when another particle at different orientations (0°, 30°, 45° and 60°) was introduced upstream, whereas hfp values increased by 14%, when multiple particles were introduced upstream of the sample particle (flow rate = 5.2 x 10^-4m³/s and fluid temperature = 73.6°C). The hfp value decreased three-folds with an increase in carrier fluid viscosity from 0.4 x 10^-3 to 33.3 x 10^-3 Pa.s. The hfp values increased four- and two-folds with an increase in carrier fluid temperature (from 60°C to 80°C) and flow rate (from 0.27 x 10^-3 to 2.82 x 10^-3m³/s, respectively.

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024217   Subba D (Department of Food Technology, Central Campus of Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Dharan-14, Nepal) : Effect of fermentation on available lysine content of dried bovine liver. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 270-1.

Dehydrated bovine liver was prepared by drying it after lactic acid fermentation. The liver was pasteurized and fermented for 56 h at room temperature and dehydrated. The dried liver contained significantly (P<60>0.05) higher amount of biologically available lysine as compared to the control.

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024216   Singh V B;Singh R N;Gupta A (Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Dissolution and inhibition of monel (400) alloy in aqueous formic and acetic acid solutions. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 75-82.

Corrosion behaviour of Monel (400) in different concentrations of formic and acetic acid solutions has been studied by potentiostatic technique, at different temperatures (30, 37 and 44°C). The maximum corrosion is observed in aqueous 20 mol/O formic and acetic acid solution. It was found that the extent of corrosion of the alloy is a function of acid concentration. The anodic polarisation curves show active corrosion behaviour of the alloy over the whole range of potential at each concentration of both the acids, individually. The cathodic polarisation curves are almost identical irrespective of the concentration of either acid. The inhibitive effect of some organotin compounds viz. Bu2SnCl2, PhSnCl3, Ph2SnCl2 and Ph3SnCl on the corrosion of monel (400) has been studied in aqueous solution mixture (20 mol/O) of either acid. The results have been discussed in the light of molecular structures of the organotin compound and their adsorption on the surface of the corroding metal. Among the inhibitors used Ph3SnCl functions as a better inhibitor in both the acids. SEM studies also show that the inhibitors act as passivator type inhibitor in acetic acid.

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024215   Singh U (Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Functional properties of grain legume flours. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 191-9.

Grain legumes as foods are favoured because of their nutritional quality, palatability and versatility in food preparations. In years, researchers have emphasized expanding the utilization of grain legumes in the form of meal and flavour for use as functional ingredients. Several important functional properties such as water and oil obsorption, flour solubility and swelling power, foam capacity, emulsification, gelation capacity, gel strength, gel consistency, paste viscosity, gel temperature and nitrogen solubility index (NSI) of grain legume flours have been discussed keeping in view, the available information on their food applications. The possible future areas of research to improve the end-product quality of grain legume have also been indicated.

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024214   Singh D K;Srivastava B (Department of Chemistry, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur-208 002) : Basic dyes removal from wastewater by adsorption on rice husk carbon. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 133-9.

Rice husk carbon (RHC) has been prepared from rice husk impregnated with 50% H3PO4 and carbonised at 300°C. Its adsorption capacity has been tested for the decolourization of wastewater containing safranine and methylene blue. The effect of system variables such as concentration, temperature, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and particle size are investigated. Removal of dye has been found to increase with increase in dye concentration and pH of the solution. Kinetics of removal has been found to follow the first order rate expression. The adsorption isotherm data fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Thermodynamic studies show the adsorption to be an exothermic and spontaneous.

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024213   Singaravadivel K (NO, Paddy Processing Research Centre, Thanjavur-613 005) : Ready to use dry mix for idli. Madras agric J 2000, 87(1-3), 122-6.

Ready to use dry mix with parboiled rice flour and blackgram flour was prepared and its fermentation was augmented with curd or fermented batter - an external source of inoculum. Idlies prepared from that batter after 9-13 h ferementation was organoleptically equal to that of regular wet ground method. For this dry mix method, rice flour vs blackgram flour, dry mix vs water ratio and optimum time of fermentation were standardised.

024212   Sidhu J S;Bawa A S (Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005) : Firmness studies on bread incorporated with xanthan gum. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 251-3.

Incorporation of xanthan gum at 0.1 to 0.5% levels has been investigated to evaluate its effect on the bread making and firmness properties of wheat `WH 542' flour. It significantly improved the yield of bread. Firmness properties determined using Instron Universal Testing Machine revealed the bread to be significantly softer as a result of xanthan gum incorporation at each storage period. However stored wheat flour gave firmer breads.

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024211   Shivkumar R;Umamaheswari S;Paruthimal Kalaignan G;Vasudevan T (Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003) : Electrochemical studies with plastic bonded zinc electrode for alkaline secondary batteries. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 95-102.

Effect of small addition of CdO, Ca(OH)2 and Zn dust to the plastic bonded zinc electrode have been evaluated through triangular potential sweep voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization (with temperature effect), impedance measurements, solution analysis and Porosity measurements. In the case of CdO additive, a composition of 2% is preferred because of its enhanced ageing behaviour, good high temperature performance and minimum shape change despite its increased standby corrosion. 1 % Ca(OH)2 gives both good ageing behaviour as well as minimum idle corrosion. The additive Zn dust is not recommended owing to its poor ageing behaviour. Based on the above results, the suitable zinc electrode composition is suggested.

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024210   Sharma L D;Manoj Kumar;Gupta J K;Rana M S; Dangwal V S;Murali Dhar G (Catalysis Laboratory, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248 005) : Characterization and catalytic activity of Ni-W/SiO2-Al2O3 hydrocracking catalysts. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(3), 169-75.

Characterization of Ni-W/SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts was carried out by microcalorimetry, TPR and oxygen chemisorption. The effect of incorporation of individual metals and their sequence of addition to the support on the properties and catalytic activity for cyclohexene hydrogenation and cumene cracking was investigated. While the addition of nickel to SiO2-Al2O3 has little effect on the acidity, tungsten has generated some new strong acid sites, which do not seem to have beneficial effect for cumene cracking. Low temperature TPR peak in the bimetallic catalysts falls around 760 K due to Ni-W species while the high temperature peak around 1115-1223 K corresponds to W species. W/SiO2-Al2O3 has a lower oxygen chemisorption than its nickel counterpart but has a higher hydrogenation rate. Tungsten is the active metal for hydrogenation. W-Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst has better hydrogenation and cracking activity.

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024209   Shafiq Alam MD;Paul S (Department of Processing and Agricultural Structures, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004) : Efficacy of casein coating on storage behaviour of kinnow. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 235-8.

Effect of storage under ambient conditions of kinnows coated with casein film and packed in low and high density polyethylene bags on some quality parameters was studied. The quality parameters such as physiological weight loss, firmness, peel thickness, juice and the decay were measured. It was found that the casein film delayed the loss of firmness, with minimum loss in physiological weight and juice level during storage. It was possible to extent the shelf-life of kinnows by 20 days without any significant change in quality with the use of this technique.

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024208   Semwal A D;Sharma G K;Patki P E;Padmashree A; Arya S S (NO, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore-570 011) : Studies on development and storage stability of instant vegetable pulao mix. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 231-4.

Instant vegetable pulav mix prepared from freeze-thaw dehydrated rice, fried peas, fried potatoes, spices and vanaspati and packed in polypropylene (PP) pouches remained stable for 12, 9 and 6 months, while in paper-aluminium foil-polyethylene (PEP) laminate packs it remained stable for 12, 12 and 9 months at 0°C, room temperature (15-34°C, RT) and 37°C respectively. During storage, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value and free fatty acids increased, while total carotenoids and chlorophyll contents decreased. Off-flavours resulting from lipid degradation and losses in carotenoids and chlorophyll contents were the major causes of decreased sensory acceptance. Instant vegetable pulav mix was most stable at 0.33 aw.

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024207   Sekar N (Dye Division, UDCT, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Functional monoazo benzotriazole dyes. Colourage 2001, 48(8), 53-4.

Synthesis and uses of monoazo dyes containing benzotriazole nucleus have been reviewed.

024206   Sekar N (Dyes Division, UDCT, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Azoic coupling components for brown shades and black shades. Colourage 2001, 48(6), 49-52.

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024205   Sekar N (Dyes Division, UDCT, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Rhodamine fluorophores - functional applications. Colourage 2001, 48(7), 50-2.

Developments in the area of rhodamines have been reviewed with emphasis on their use as fluorescent chemodosimeters, as nitric oxide detectors as laser dyes and in oligonucleotide labelling.

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024204   Sekar N (Dyes Division, UDCT, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Environmental friendly reactive dyeing - conceptual development. Colourage 2001, 48(7), 37-8.

Conceptual evolution of the homo- and hetero-bifunctional reactive dyes, low-salt reactive dyes and cationisation of cellulosic substrates is discussed.

024203   Sekar N (Dyes Division, UDCT, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Functional fluorescent naphthalimide dyes. Colourage 2001, 48(5), 59-62.

Developments in the use of aminonaphthalimide-photoelectron transfer systems, naphthalimide fluorophore-spacer-receptor ionophores, naphthalimide fluorophores in the detection of saccharides and photobiologically active naphthalimides have been reviewed.

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024202   Saraf N M;Alat D V (NO, , ) : Crease prevention using appropriate dyebath lubricating agent. Colourage 2001, 48(6), 31-3.

024201   Sandhu K S;Singh N (NO, Punjab Horticultural Post-harvest Technology Centre, Punjab Agricultural University Campus, Ludhiana-141 004) : Studies on the factors affecting the physico-chemical and organoleptic properties of kinnow juice. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 266-9.

Four extraction methods, i.e., screw type extractor, superfine pulper, hydraulic press and rosing machine; three pretreatments i.e., lye treatment of segments, ethrel treatment and chilling of fruit and different levels of additives such as sugar, salt and chatmasala were used for the study. Juices from screw type extractor and superfine pulper were adjudged the first and second by the panelists respectively. Lye treatment of segments resulted in lowering of total soluble solids, total solids, total sugars, ash and acid contents of juice but improved the flavour scores significantly. Ethrel treatment of fruit resulted in increases in total soluble solids, reducing sugars, total sugars and decrease in pectin content. Chilling of fruit before extraction of juice had no significant effect on the physico-chemical and organoleptic properties of juice. The juice having 16° Brix (with added sugar), 0.2% common salt or 0.2% chatmasala got the highest organoleptic scores. Total soluble solids, total solids, pH, acid, ash, pectin and salt contents remained unchanged. The reducing sugars and non-enzymatic browning increased significantly, whereas ascorbic acid decreased significantly during storage. Juices were found organoleptically acceptable up to six months of storage at room temperature (15-40°C).

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024200   Rokade M D;Dhadke P M (Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Reversed-phase extraction chromatographic separation of zinc (II) with trioctylphosphine oxide. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 103-6.

New method for extraction chromatographic separation of zinc(II) was developed with Trioctylphosphine oxide as the stationary phase and nitric acid as mobile phase on silica gel as stationary support. Zinc was extracted from 2.5 M hydrochloric acid and then stripped with 4 M nitric acid and determined spectrophotometrically at 460 nm by murexide method. Zinc was separated from alkali, alkaline earths, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, mercury, lead, trivalent rare earths, platinum group metals from binary mixtures by selective extraction of zinc. Zinc is also separated from multicomponent mixtures. The method was extended for the analysis of zinc in alloys and industrial sample.

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024199   Rajagopalan S;Sharma S J (Department of Physics, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 010) : Concentration dependent phase separation studies by ultrasonic technique in cellulose acetate-high impact polystyrene. J pure appl Ultrasonics 2000, 22(2), 60-3.

Ultrasonic technique provides a powerful, effective and reliable tool to investigate properties of polymer solutions in the light of phase separation. Ultrasonic velocity measurements are carried out for cellulose acetate-high impact polysteyrene in cyclohexanone at different temperatures. Ultrasonic velocity variation with the concentration of high impact polystyrene in the mixture is found to be non-linear. Sudden variation in the ultrasonic velocity is due to change in the phase of mixture, thereby indicating the existence of multi phases in the mixture formed by cellulose acetate and high impact polystyrene. At higher temperature, high impact polystyrene, a two phase system, forms a single phase system. Cellulose acetate and high impact polystyrene forms an immiscible and imcompatible mixture.

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024198   Pawar V D;Patil J N;Sakhale B K;Agarkar B S (College of Food Technology, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani-431 401) : Studies on nitrogen extractability of defatted sunflower meal. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 217-19.

Edible grade meal was prepared from dehulled and defatted sunflower seed kernels and analyzed for proximate principles, polyphenols and phytate and its nitrogen extractability was studied at different variables. The kernels contained 19.8% proteins, 50.1% fat, 3.7% ash, 1.6% polyphenols and 1.7% phytate on dry weight basis. Dehulling kernels increased relative concentrations of these components on unit weight basis. A solid : liquid ratio of 1:20 and extraction time of 30 min were found to be the most optimum nitrogen solubilizing parameters. Addition of sodium chloride increased the nitrogen extractability in isoelectric pH range.

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024197   Panigrahi B K (R and D Centre for Iron and Steel, Steel Authority of India Ltd., Ranchi-834 002) : Processing of low carbon steel plate and hot strip. Bull Mater Sci 2001, 24(4), 361-71.

Soaking temperature, drafting schedule, finish rolling and coiling temperatures all play important roles in processing of low carbon plate and strip. They control the kinetics of various physical and metallurgical processes, viz. austenitization, recrystallization and precipitation behaviour. The final transformed micro-structures depend upon these processes and their interaction with each other. In view of increasing cost of input materials, new processing techniques such as recrystallized controlled rolling and warm rolling have been developed for production of plates and thinner hot bands with very good deep drawability respectively.

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024196   Pal A;Bandyopadhyay M (Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Fluorimetric determination of bromoform via its photochemical reaction with diphenylamine in aqueous triton X-100 medium. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 83-7.

New fluorimetric method based on the photochemical reaction of CHBr3 with diphenylamine (DPA) in aqueous Triton X-100 (TX-100) medium is described for the determination of bromoform (CHBr3). The fluorescence intensity of the product at 480 nm (λex : 400 nm) is a direct measure of CHBr3 concentration. The calibration graph is linear in the range of 0-21.8 ppm of CHBr3. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.1 ppm of CHBr3. The effect of reagent concentration, TX-100 concentration, time of irradiation, interfering substances, and statistical parameters are discussed.

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024195   Ozmetin C;Copur M;Kocakerim M M;Yapici S (Chemical Engineering Department, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey) : Crystallization of silver nitrate from saturated silver nitrate solution in nitric acid. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 112-19.

Investigates on the optimum conditions of crystallization of silver nitrate salt from saturated silver nitrate solution in nitric acid. The saturated solutions of AgNO3 at 70°C obtained by evaporation of dilute silver nitrate solutions with nitric acid were crystallizied in a jacketed glass vessel with controlled cooling. The parameters from the crystallization operation were chosen as stirring speed and crystallization period. For each experiment, crystals obtained from operations were filtered, washed, dried, and their photographs were taken before particle size analysis. The differential and cumulative analysis and product yield calculations showed that the optimum values of the parameter for the crystallization of silver nitrate salt from saturated silver nitrate solutions with nitric acid were determined as 500 rpm stirring speed and 240 min crystallization period, with the highest yield.

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024194   Okieimen F E (Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria) : Thermal stabilization of polyvinylchloride : effect of rubber seed oil derivatives on the thermal degradation of polyvinylchloride. J scient ind Res 2000, 59(7), 563-8.

Thermal degradation of polyvinylchloride is studied under non-oxidative and oxidative conditions in the presence of epoxidised rubber seed oil and metal soaps of the oil. Changes in intrinsic viscosity and in the levels of unsaturation in the degraded polymer samples are used to assess the effect of the rubber seed oil derivatives on the thermal degradation of polyvinylchloride. It is found that the metal soaps of epoxidised rubber seed oil markedly reduce the level of unsaturation in the degraded polymer sample and the extent of polymer chain scission which is accompanied by dehydrochlorination. The stabilising ability of the rubber seed oil derivatives is compared with that of Jatropha seed oil.

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024193   Ojha K;Pradhan N C (Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Treated fly ash : a potential catalyst for catalytic cracking. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2001, 8(2), 100-03.

Fly ash from a Thermal Power Plant was converted to zeolite by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. The formation of zeolite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The performance of the prepared zeolite as cracking catalyst was tested by carrying out cracking of a heavy crude residue. Cracking of the same feed was also carried out with raw (untreated) fly ash and commercial 13X zeolite. At 11 wt% catalyst loading, temperature 380°C and atmospheric pressure, the feed conversions to lighter products (bp ≤ 250°C) obtained were 35.6%, 58% and 58% with raw fly ash, treated fly ash and commercial zeolite, respectively, as the catalyst.

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024192   Niyogi S;Maiti S;Adhikari B (Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Mechanical and electrical properties of polyimide blend films. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(3), 181-5.

Preparation and characterization of two novel polyimide, one from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)-4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) and the other from 3,3'-4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA)-ODA, blend films with nylon 6 were reported earlier. PMDA-ODA and nylon 6 blend films have shown up to 14.7% increase in Young's modulus and 25% increase in tensile strength at lower elongation over those of control films, whereas the same films have shown around 4.6% decrease in ultimate tensile strength (except the film PB 2 which shows about 1% increase in ultimate tensile strength). BTDA-ODA and nylon 6 blend films have shown 19% higher ultimate tensile strength as well as 42% higher Young's modulus and 47% higher tensile strength at lower elongation. But in general the dielectric constant of the blend films (both BTDA and PMDA based) measured at 23°, 100° and 200°C and at 1,5 and 10 kHz frequency increases with increase in the percentage of nylong 6 in the blend and the breakdown voltage decreases with the increase in nylon 6 content in the blend films.

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024191   Naik J P;Rao L J M;Shankaracharya N B; Nagalakshmi S (Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Studies on the chemical and technological aspects of Siahzira (Carum gracile. Lindl) seed. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 277-80.

Proximate composition of Carum gracile. Lindl seeds and the physico-chemical characteristics of the volatile oils were determined. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil showed the presence of 31 constituents of which 22 compounds are reported for the first time. p-cymene (15.06%), γ-terpinene (28.95%), cuminaldehyde (16.59%), p-menth-1, 3-dien-7-al (10.89%), p-menth-1, 4-dien-7-al (9.51%), β-pinene (4.84%) and limonene (3.90%) were the major compounds. The yield of the volatile oil was 2.18% and that of the oleoresin was 8.66%, when extracted on a large scale. The oleoresin was found to keep well in cold (8-10°C) for 60 days even without the addition of antioxidants.

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024190   Naik J P;Nagalakshmi S;Balasubrahmanyam N; Dhanaraj S;Shankaracharya N B (Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Packaging and storage studies on commercial varieties of Indian chillis (Capsicum annum L.). J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 227-30.

Studies carried out to design a suitable consumer package for `Guntur' and `Byadigi' varieties of chillis revealed that moisture contents of 14.00 and 11.2%, respectively were critical for facilitating mould growth in them. But initial moisture contents of 10.45% at 64% RH and 9.60% at 57% RH were found critical for storage of these varieties, respectively. Under tropical conditions, 300 gauge High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) films were suitable for packaging `Guntur' and `Byadigi' whole chillis in unit packs of 250 g. However, the Metallised Polyester Polyethylene (MPP) stored samples retained higher colour than HDPE in both the conditions regardless of varieties. The MPP and HDPE packagings were not suitable for storage of `Guntur' and `Byadigi' chillis in accelerated conditions (90%, RH-38°C). The discoloration of the red pigments of chillis during storage was greatly influenced by moisture and temperature. The capsaicin content showed a decreasing trend irrespective of storage conditions, packagings and varieties. Under identical packaging and storage conditions, `Guntur' chillis had better shelf life than `Byadigi' chilli.

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024189   Murthy S R (Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007) : Low temperature sintering of MgCuZn ferrite and its electrical and magnetic properties. Bull Mater Sci 2001, 24(4), 379-83.

Low temperature sintering of MgCuZn ferrite was investigated using the usual ceramic method. The effect of Cu substitution on the properties of MgZn ferrites was also investigated and it was found that the densification of MgCuZn ferrite is dependent upon Cu concentration. The sintered ferrite with a density of 4.93 g/cm³ and electrical resistivity <62> 10¹¹ Ω-cm was obtained for the ferrite with 12 mol% Cu at relatively low sintering temperature (910°C). The magnetic properties of the ferrites also improved by the Cu substitution. The chip inductors made of the ferrite fired at 910 C with 12 mol % Cu exhibited higher d.c. resistance. From these studies it is concluded that the good quality chip inductor can be obtained using the MgCuZn ferrites.

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024188   Mulimani V H;Devindra S;Prashanth S J (Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585 106) : Oligosaccharide levels of processed redgram (Cajanus cajan L). J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 274-6.

Effect of pressure cooking and boiling, followed by soaking of redgram seeds on the levels of raffinose family of sugars were investigated. Pressure cooking of redgram seeds for 15 min resulted in decrease of 50% raffinose, 50% stachyose and 50% verbascose. Boiling followed by soaking was found to be an effective method for the removal of raffinose family of sugars, as the removal rates were 92% for raffinose, 80% for stachyose and 87% for verbascose.

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024187   Mukhopadhyay S;Chandalia S B (Chemical Engineering Division, University Department of Chemical Techn, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Kinetics and process parameter studies in the synthesis of 2-amino-1-butanol from methyl-DL-α-aminobutyrate. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 128-32.

Methyl-DL-α-aminobutyrate was hydrogenated in methanol at 105 atm hydrogen partial pressure and 170°C temperature over copper chromite catalyst in a high pressure autoclave to obtain 2-amino-1-butanol. Under best suitable reaction conditions, 100% selectivity was obtained at an ester conversion of 39%. Different important process parameters like temperature, catalyst loading, catalyst reusability, initial concentration, speed of agitation, and hydrogen partial pressure were studied. The reaction was found to be a first order reaction on the starting ester under the reaction conditions.

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024186   Mishra R;Upadhyay S K;Maheshwari P N (Department of Biochemical Engineering and Food Technology, H B Technological Institute, Kanpur-208 002) : Stability of allicin in garlic - a kinetic study. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(3), 195-9.

In order to study the stability of allicin, an active constituent of garlic extract, the rate of formation of allicin from allicin and that of decomposition of allicin to volatile oil/sulphides has been determined by chloramine - T method. The effect of acetic acid (5-30%), ethanol (5-30%), buffers (pH 4.0-6.0) and temperature (30-50°C) on the rate of formation of allicin and on the rate of its further decomposition to volatile oil has been studied. It has been observed that the decomposition of allicin decreases with an increase in the strength of acetic acid and increases with an increase in the pH of macerating medium. The increasing strength of ethanol in macerating medium had a little effect of the rate of decomposition, which was found to be maximum at an incubation temperature of 35°C.

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024185   Mishra R;Upadhyay S K;Maheshwari P N (Department of Chemistry, H B Technological Institute, Kanpur-208 002) : Conversion of alliin to allicin in garlic - a kinetic study. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 107-11.

Method for estimation of rate of conversion of alliin to allicin based on quantitation of pyruvic acid has been developed using sodium pyruvate and the kinetics of conversion of alliin to allicin have been studied. The effect of acetic acid (5-30% strength), ethanol (5-30% strengh), buffers (pH 4.0-6.0) and temperature (30-50°C) on the rate of conversion of alliin to allicin is reported which elucidate that the rate of conversion decreases by increasing concentration of acetic acid or ethanol (rectified spirit) and increases with an increase in pH towards neutrality, the optimum temperature for this conversion being about 35°C.

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024184   Mehla I S;Waldia R S;Dahiya S S (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Post Box 28, Sonipat-131 001) : Variation and relationship among cooking quality attributes across the environments in `Kabuli' chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 283-6.

Fiftyfive `Kabuli' chickpea genotypes were studied for physical characters to assess their role in cooking quality across the four environments. Seed mass, seed volume, swelling capacity and hydration capacity were important quality attributes. These characters were also mutually correlated. The genotypes `ICARDA-112', HK 92-103', `ICARDA-09101', `GNG 827' and `HK 92-117' were found to be promising genotypes to throw desirable segregants for cooking quality in breeding programmes.

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024183   Mathur N K;Mathur V (Department of Chemistry, JNV University, Jodhpur) : Cellulose gums (Part-I) : Carboxymethylcellulose. Chem Wkly 2001, 46(45), 155-8.

024182   Mascarenhas M (NO, Goodlass Narolac Paints Ltd., Nerolac House, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai-400 013) : Emerging role of the paint industry in improving human health. Paintindia 2001, 51(6), 53-7.

Paint industry has been regarded as a polluting industry, with a negative effect on human health. However increasingly, research is being conducted to find ways to utilize coatings to give it an added value benefit of being hygienic in addition to its protective and decorative functions. Hygiene coatings that have anti-microbial properties, find use in a wide variety of applications including hospital paints, floor coatings, air-duct coatings, etc. These coatings have potential for various consumer and commercial applications which include hospitals, food process environments, pharmaceutical industries, public areas as well as private homes. Besides hygiene coatings, there are other paints that contribute positively to human health conditions. These include insecticidal paints, anti-allergenic paints and air-purifying paints. Thus the paint industry has evolved to meet human health requirements by providing products that can improve standards of hygiene in our daily living and working environments.

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024181   Maradiya H R;Patel V S (NO, V P and R P T P Science College, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Synthesis and characterization of monomeric and polymeric dyes. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 140-8.

Monomeric dyes have been synthesized by the diazotization of 2-amino-3, 5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-methylthiophene and coupled with various substituted N-arylmaleimides. The polymeric dyes have been derived from monomeric dyes by the free radical addition polymerization. The polymeric dyes are characterized by intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight by VPO and thermogravimetry. Monomeric and polymeric dyes also have been characterized by their IR spectra and elemental analysis. All the dyes are applied on nylon and polyester fibres as a disperse dye and their dyeing properties are studied.

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024180   Manoj Kumar;Babu Lal;Anand Singh;Saxena A K; Dangwal V S;Sharma L D;Murali Dhar G (Catalysis Laboratory, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248 005) : Control of mesoporosity in alumina. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(3), 157-61.

Textural properties of the alumina carrier play a major role in governing the performance of alumina based hetero-geneous catalysts. The regulation of the pore size distribution in the support is of paramount importance in the development of a promising catalyst. The role of peptising agent, combustible additives and binder in regulating the mesoporosity has been investigated using high pressure mercurry porosimetry. Control of pore size in 18-50A° radii range can be achieved by peptising alumina monohydrate (boehmite) by 1.5% nitric acid. Additives like polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol have broadened the mesopores while carbon black has drastically increased pores in 50-100 A° range. Addition of 10% calcined alumina as binder has been found suitable to maintain pores <60>50A° radii.

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024179   Mangaraj S;Singh A;Samuel D V K;Singhal O P (Division of Agricultural Engineering, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012) : Comparative performance evaluation of different drying methods for chillis. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 296-9.

Study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different drying methods, namely open sun-drying on cemented floor, green house-type solar drying (with natural ventilation system), solar cabinet drying (natural convection type) and mechanical drying for both unpunched and punched fresh red chillis of `Jwala' variety. The moisture content versus time and drying rate versus moisture content relationships were determined. The quality parameters like pungency and colour were estimated and the economics of drying were calculated both for unpunched and punched chillis dried by the above methods. It was observed that the time taken for drying was minimum for mechanical drying, followed by solar cabinet drying, green house-type solar drying and opens sun-drying. The overall quality was found to be better in mechanical drying, followed by green house-type solar drying, solar cabinet drying and open sun-drying. The green house solar drying was most economical, followed by solar cabinet drying, mechanical drying and open sun-drying.

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024178   Malik A (NO, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research (SIIR), 19, University Road, Delhi-110 007) : Polymers and fibres in disposable medical products. Asian Text J 2001, 10(1), 36-40.

Absorbing layer of diapers consists of fibre substrate which is coated with hydrogel polymer coating which crosslinks and swells on absorption. Acrylamide and acrylate based polymers and copolymers find application as hydrogel materials. However, in case of sanitary napkins the absorbing layers do not have such coatings. The adhesive used for binding are the pressure sensitive or hot melt adhesives based on acrylates, polyamides, etc. Gives analytical studies of the different products available and discusses the reasons for difference in absorption properties.

024177   Lilabati H;Vishwanath W (Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795 003) : Biochemical and microbiological changes during storage of smoked Puntius sophore obtained from market. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 281-2.

Storage life of smoked Puntius sophore stored in split bamboo box at room temperature was found to be 120 days (April to August). Total plate counts of bacteria (TPC), fungi (TFC), Staphylococcus aureus, faecal Streptococci and most probable number (MPN) of coliform gradually decreased with decrease in moisture content of the fish. During rainy season, TPC and TFC increased correspondingly with increase of humidity in the environment and moisture content of the fish. Most probable number of coliform, Staphylococcus aureus and faecal Streptococci were not detected in samples stored for 39, 60 and 75 days. E. coli and Salmonella were not detected in any of the samples analysed. Aspergillus niger was dominant in April, May and June, whereas A. flavipes and A. nidulans were dominent in July and August. Growth of fungi was found to be rapid in the rainy season.

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024176   Latha S;Daniel M (Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002) : Phenolic antioxidants of some common pulses. J Fd Sci Technol 2001, 38(3), 272-3.

Fourteen species of common pulses were screened for flavonoids and phenolic acids. Flavonoids were present in 11 pulses. Flavones and glycoflavones were present in three and flavonols in the rest. Vicia faba is rich in anthocyanins. Phenolic acids are omnipresent. The role of these phenolic compounds in human system in discussed.

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024175   Kumar K;Saxena R K;Sarkar A K (Material Characterisation Division, National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi-110 012) : Effect of heating rate on the char yield and pore structure of chars prepared from viscose rayon cloth. Indian J chem Technol 2001, 8(2), 149-52.

Characteristics of the char prepared from viscose rayon cloth has been studied. Effect of heating rate in different temperature zones has been investigated. Rate of weight loss of the pretreated viscose rayon cloth varies with time throughout the temperature zone.

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