019491   Koliopoulos T C;Georgia Koliopoulou M D (Environmental Consultancy, Centre for Environmental Management Research Univ of Strathclyde, Strathclyde, Greece, Email: tkol@otenet.gr) : Evaluation of iso-butyric acid and acetic acid in landfill leachate emissions-mid auchencarroch experimental design. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1153-62.

The biodegradation of Mid Auchencarroch experimental landfill project is studied in four different cells. Analyses the effects of waste pretreatment and different waste management techniques on characteristic organic acids emissions and biomass biodegradation stages. The variations of the examining experimental landfill emissions are presented and analyzed. The experimental Mid Auchencarroch's data confirm that waste pretreatment, co-disposal with inert material and leachate recirculation are sustainable and accelerate the waste biodegradation, protecting public health from associated landfill emissions' risks.

8 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

019490   Kidwai M;Priya;Poddar R;Singhal K (Green Chemistry Research Lab, Chemistry Dep, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007) : Indium trichloride: A versatile catalyst for the synthesis of fully saturated imidazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(6), 886-92.

Ketimines are readily reduced to corresponding vicinal diamines using InCl₃ and zinc followed by simple cyclization to fully saturated imidazoles.

019489   Kidwai M;Priya (Green Chemistry Research Lab, Chemistry Dep, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007) : Copper sulphate catalysed synthesis of derivatives of tetra substituted pyridine. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(7), 1045.

Copper sulphate has been found to be an effective catalyst in water-ethanol solvent system for the synthesis of various tetra-substituted pyridine derivatives via Michael addition of β-dicarbonyl compounds to α,β-unsaturated oximes and subsequent ring closure.

019488   Kharat A N;Mirzaee M;Amini M M (School of Chemistry, University College of Science, Tehran Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: alnema@khayam.ut.ac.ir) : Simple and efficient approach for the synthesis of nanocrystalline boehmite via hydrothermal assisted sol-gel processing. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 915-24.

Boehmite (A1OOH) nanoparticle have been prepared from aluminum 2-butoxide by hydrothermal assisted sol-gel processing. The development of boehmite phase at various temperatures has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared. X-ray diffraction of boehmite prepared at 50 °C poorly crystallized and pseudoboehmite develops at 100 °C and well crystallized boehmite forms at 200 °C. The intensities of O-H stretching vibrations in infrared spectra and corresponding bending vibrations, boehmite characteristic peaks, increased with increasing hydrothermal treatment temperature. Thermal analysis showed that the intensity of endothermic peak at 450-500 °C in the DSC curves depends on degree of crystallization of boehmite. The BET specific surface area decreased with increasing hydrothermal treatment temperature and transmission electron microscopy showed plate-like morphology for the boehmite processed at 150 °C and fibrils for the one processed at 100 °C.

4 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

019487   Khan M N;Ismail E (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email: niyaz@um.edu.my) : Kinetic assessment of relative counterion penetration into cationic micelles: Effects of inert salt on the rate of piperidinolysis of phenyl salicylate in alkaline cationic micellar medium. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(6), 781-7.

Pseudo-first order rate constants for piperidinolysis of ionized phenyl salicylate, obtained at 0.1 M piperidine, constant concentration of CTABr micelles and varying values of [NaOC₆H₄CO₂Na], follow the empirical relationship: k_obs = (k₀ + θ K^X/S[MX])/(1 + K^X/S[MX]), where θ and K^{X/S are empirical constants, MX = NaOC₆H₄CO₂Na and k₀ = k_obs at [MX] = 0. The values of θ and KX/S are explained in terms of pseudophase micellar model coupled with an empirical relationship: K_S = KS0/(1 + K_X/S[MX]), where K_X/S is an empirical constant and K_S and K_S0 are CTABr micellar binding constants of PS- (i.e., S = PS-) in the presence and absence of MX, respectively.}

019486   Kavitha R;Annalakshmi R (Chemistry Dep, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, V.M. Univ, Paiyanoor-603 104, Email: vijayabijeet@yahoo.co.uk) : Kinetics of polymerization of acrylamide and methylacrylate initiated by Mn⁺³-ketoglutaric acid redox system.. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1231-7.

The kinetics of two vinyl monomers acrylamide and methylacry late by using redox system Mn³⁺-ketoglutaric acid at 20 °C has been investigated. The result indicates that the methylacrylate has higher monomer reactivity than acrylamide with respect to each of ketoglutaric acid, Mn(III) and H⁺. Negligible effect of ionic strength variations on reaction rate was observed. The rate of polymerization has a first order dependence on concentration of monomers was observed. A suitable mechanism with kinetic results has been proposed.

5 tables, 10 ref

019485   Kalirajan R;Palanivelu M;Rajamanickam V; Vinothapooshan G;Anandarajagopal K (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund-643 011, Email: rkrmani@yahoo.co.in ) : Synthesis and biological evaluation of some chalcone derivatives. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 73-80.

Chalcones were synthesized by reacting p-dimethylamino benzaldehyde with acetophenone and acetanilide. Then these chalcones were cyclized with thiourea, urea and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide to give thiazine, oxazine and isoxazoline derivatives of corresponding chalcones. The synthesized compounds were characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. These compounds were screened for antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities. All the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good anti inflammatory and analgesic activities when compared to the reference standard.

1 table, 9 ref

019484   Kakanejadifard A;Zabardasti A;Ghasemian M; Toosi-Jamali H (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Lorestan Univ, Falakalaflak Street, Khoramabad, Iran, Email: kakanejadi.a@lu.ac.ir) : Synthesis and characterization of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) chloride aducts of (2Z,3Z)-1,4,7-trithiononane-2,3-dionedioxime. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1473-6.

A New vic-dioxime, (2Z,3Z)-1,4,7-trithiononane-2,3-dionedioxime (H₂L) was prepared from reaction of 2-[2-mercaptoethyl)thio]ethanethiol with dichloroglyoxime. Mono-nuclear complexes of H₂L with Zn(II), Hg(H) and Cd(II) were also prepared and their structures were determined by means of NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. The Hg(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) form 1:1 tetrahedral complexes with a N,N-chelation.

16 ref

019483   Jouyban A;Ahmadi H;Soltani S (Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5164, Iran, Email: ajouyban@hotmail.com) : Predicting electrophoretic mobility of amino acids and small peptides using computational descriptors. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1148-52.

A simple two parameters linear model was proposed to calculate absolute electrophoretic mobility of amino acids and small peptides. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using percentage deviation (PD) of calculated and experimental values and the mean PD (± SD) was 4.8 (± 5.6) %.

1 table, 4 ref

019482   Jin Z-nian;Song Yu-peng (NO, Jinhua College of Profession and Technology, Jinhua 321007, China, Email: jzn@chem.jhc.cn ) : Preparation of a novel monolithic catalyst CuO-CeO₂ and its catalytic property in VOC oxidation. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(6), 793-6.

A novel monolithic CuO-CeO₂ catalyst has been prepared and tested for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds as a model reaction. The catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity in ethyl acetate and CO oxidation. The interaction between CeO₂ and CuO may be responsible for the catalytic activity.

019481   Jayakumar S;Kannan D;Rangamannar B (Chemical Laboratories, Ganadipathy Tulsi's Engineering College, Kaniyambadi, Vellore-632 102, Email: mannarrangaragabadur@yahoo.com) : Spectrophotometric determination of carbosulfan in various environments using oxidative coupling. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1639-41.

A method for the determination of carbosulfan in environmental samples using oxidative coupling is being described. The method comprises of alkaline hydrolysis of the pesticide and the resulting phenol is reacted with 2,4-dimethoxy aniline in the presence of acidified K₂Cr₂O₇. The dye product formed is extracted into CHC₃ and the absorbance measured at 430 nm.

^ssc3 tables, 5 ref

019480   Jalapathi P;Reddy S (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, Email: pochampallij@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and characterization of new resins prepared from respropeophenone, hydroxy/amino/chloro-benzoic acids and formaldehyde/furfural. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 17-24.

A large number of new resins were synthesized from 1-[2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-propanone (Respropeophenone) or (2.4 - DHPP) by reaction with substituted hydroxy, amino and chlorobenzoic acids and formaldehyde / furfural as condensing agent in the presence of various acids and bases as catalyst. The resins were characterized by Ff-IR and ¹H NMR spectra. The solubility and physicochemical properties of resins were investigated. The thermal behaviour, glass transition temperature [TG], weight loss, molecular weight of the resins synthesized, decomposition temperature, activation energy, etc. have been evaluated.

4 tables, 15 ref

019479   Jain S;Chauhan R;Pandey R (School of Studies in Chemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain-456 010) : pH dependent phototransformation of 1-formyl piperidine. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 51-4.

One-Formyl piperidine on irradiation by U.V. light at different pH gave different products. At neutral and alkaline pH, it gave product (2) and at acidic pH product (3) in different yields and at different times. The structures of the products have been confirmed by their spectral and elemental analysis.

14 ref

019478   Imran M;Dudhe R;Sharma P K;Khan S A (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110 062) : Synthesis and anticovulsant activity of 3-chloro-4-substituted phenyl-1-[{4-(1-Naphthyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl} amino] azetidin-2-ones. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 189-200.

The title compounds were prepared by brominating l-acetylnaphthalene in chloroform followed by condensation with substituted benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones using ethanol to get 4-(l-naphthyl)-2-(substituted benzylidineamion)-1,3-thiazoles. These thiazole derivatives were then cyclised to title compounds by reacting with chloroacetic acid using triethylamine in dioxane. All the synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of their JR, ^{1H NMR and elemental analysis. The anticonvulsant activity of 3-chloro-4-substituted phenyl-l-[{4-(1-naphthyl)-l, 3-thiazol-2-yl}azetidin-2-ones A₁-A₁₅ by MES method revealed that two compounds namely, A₄ (Ar = 3-chlorophenyl) and (A₁₅) (Ar = 3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) showed highly significant activity comparable with standard, phenytoin. Compound A₉ (Ar = 4-bromophenyl) and All (Ar = 4-dimethylaminophenyl) also exhibited good activity: All other compounds displayed mild to moderate activity.}

3 tables, 16 ref

019477   Hussain M M;Tandon H C (Chemistry Dep, Shri Venkateswara College, Delhi Univ, New Delhi) : Computation of electronic ansorption spectra and spectral properties of neutral 1-methyl chrysene and its positive ion in H₃BO₃ matrix by AM1 and PM3 methods. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1089-94.

The theoretical electronic absorption spectrum of methyl chrysene, a polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon in boric acid matrix, is calculated for the first time, using semi-empirical method. Earlier reported theoretical results of electronic spectrum were calculated in free state and the results compared with the spectrum of aromatic system in glassy or other matrices. The interaction between the trapped, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (neutral and ions) and its environment induces perturbations of the energy levels which results in large shifts of the electronic transitions as compared to isolated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule. The spectroscopic and electronic parameters have been reported, using semi empirical methods, for the present probe in free, aqeuous and H₃BO₃ matrix. The static polarizability values have also been calculated to check the Laser action of the 1-methyl chrysene and its cation.

1 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

019476   Huo F (Discipline of Biomedial Science, Cumberland Campus, C42, The Univ of Sydney, East Street, P.O. Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia, Email: f.huq@usyd.edu.au) : Crystal and molecular structure of Tetrakis (trimethyl-silymethyl)bis-μ-trimethylsilylmethylidy nediniobium(V). Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1526-32.

The crystal and molecular structure of tetrakis(trimethyl-silylmethyl)bis-μ-trimethylsilylmet hylidynediniobium(V), Nb₂(CH₂SiMe₃)₄(CSiMexh, were determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data about 33 years ago using the facilities available at Imperial College, London, UK. The crystals are triclinic with unit-cell dimensions: a = 19.540(3) Angstrum, b= 11.014(2) Angstrum, c= 12.155(2) Angstrum, α = 115.91(1)°, β = 110.14(2)°, γ = 103.76(2)°, space group is P 1 and Z = 2. The structure was refined by least-squares methods to R = 0.052. The complex is dimeric and the two crystallographically independent dimers have the same structure. The dimers have 1 crystallographic symmetry and each niobium atom is joined to another niobium atom by two bridging CSiMe₃ groups. The distorted tetrahedral coordination around each metal atom is completed by two terminal CH₂SiMe₃ groups. The mean Nb-C(bridging) and Nb-CH₂ bond lengths are 1.974 and 2.160 A, respectively. The compound has a quasi-aromatic ring of which the carbene bridges form a part. Although Nb...Nb distances are ca. 2.90 Ansgtrum, the multiple bond character of the Nb-C(bridging) bonds and the distortion of the NbCCNb ring so as to reduce and Nb-Nb interaction suggest that the metal-metal bonding probably does not occur in this complex. The analogous tungsten complex is found to be isostructural.

3 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

019475   Heidarizadeh F;Zarei A (Chemistry Dep, Shahid Chamran Univ, Ahvaz, Iran) : Specific ionic liquids for the synthesis of acicular goethite nanoparticles. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1514-1518.

Focusess on the synthesis and study of ferromagnetic iron oxides (acicular goethite) which has different application in various magnetic tapes and medical monitoring. Report synthesis of acicular goethite by using ionic liquid as a solvent and as an oxidant. With the help of [BMIM]ClO₃ the reaction time was decreased from 6 h to 2 h and oxidation reaction was took place at the lower temperature (changing from 60 °C to 40 °C).

1 illus, 37 ref

019474   Gurupadayya B M;Shiva Shankar M;Manohara Y N (Pharmaceutical Analysis Dep, National College of Pharmacy, Shimoga-577 201, Email: bm_guru2004@yahoo.co.in) : Spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of butorphanol tartarate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 109-16.

Four simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate methods (Method I, II, III, IV) have been developed for the estimation of butorphanol tartarate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. All the four methods are colorimetric methods. Method I is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of butorphanol tartrate with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) in presence of ceric ammonium sulphate to form green color chromogen exhibiting absorption maximum at 424 nm, which obeys Beer's law range in the concentrations range 5-25 μg/mL. Method II is based on the oxidation followed by complex reaction with 1,1O-phenanthroline to form red and bluish green coloured chromogen exhibiting absorption maximum at 515, which obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 5-25 μg/mL. Method III is based on the oxidation followed by complex formation reaction with 2,2' -bipyridine to form dark green coloured chromogen exhibiting absorption maximum at 795 nm, which obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 1-5 μg/mL. Method IV is based on the reaction with Gibb's reagent to form a coloured chromogen exhibiting absorption maximum at 588 nm, which obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 5-25 μg/mL. Proposed 'methods were validated statistically. Recovery was carried out by standard addition method.

2 tables, 11 ref

019473   Gurdere M B;Budak Y;Gezegen H;Ceylan M (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa Univ, 60250 Tokat, Turkey, Email: burcugurdere@gmail.com) : Bromination of 1,4-diphenylbutane-1,4-dione with N-bromosuccinimide and bromine in different conditions. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1431-6.

The tran.s-l,2-dibenzoylethylene (5), 2,5-diphenylfurane (8), 2-bromo-1,4-diphenylbutane-1,4-dione (4), cis- and trans-dibenzoyl-l,2-dibromo-ethane (6, 7) were obtained in a one pot reaction of 3 with Br₂. The reaction of 3 with N-bromo-succinimide (NBS) gave the compounds 4 and 5. All the isolated products by identified with NMR.

14 ref

019472   Gurdere M B;Budak Y;Ceylan M (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziosmanpasa Univ, 60250 Tokat, Turkey, Email: burcugurdere@gmail.com) : Synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylfuran,-thiophene and - pyrrole from toluene. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1425-30.

1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylbutane-1,4-dione (8) was synthesized from toluene in seven steps. Additionally, the 2,3,4,5-tetra-phenylthiophene (9), -furan (10) and -pyrrole (11) were prepared using the modified of known methods in good yields.

22 ref

019471   Gupta S;Ajmera N;Gautam N;Sharma R;Gautam D C (Chemistry Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004) : Novel synthesis and biological activity study of pyrimido[2,1-b] benzothiazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(6), 853-7.

A convenient and apparently simple procedure has been developed to prepare a series of substituted pyrimido [2,1-b] benzothiazoles by the conjugate addition of the imino nitrogen of 2-aminobenzothiazoles to alkyne b-carbon atom of acetylenic acid followed by ring closure. Owing to the biological importance of synthesized compounds, they are screened for antimicrobial activity and found to exhibit significant activities.

019470   Guler E;Ertul S;Okudan A;Kocyigit O (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science and Arts, Selcuk Univ, 42075 Kampus Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey, Email: eguler66@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of the schiff bases derived from 4-/6-methyl-Δ³-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde and glycine.. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1533-8.

Nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes with the Schiffbases derived from 4-methyl-Δ³-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde or 6-methyl-Δ³-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde and glycine were synthesized. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements and infrared spectroscopy. The Schiff base ligands and their complexes have been further characterized by ¹H NMR. The results suggest that the Schiff base acts as a bidentate ligand which bonds to the metal ions through the imino nitrogen and carboxylate oxygen. The potassium salts of the Schiff bases are 1:1 electrolytes, but all the complexes are non-electrolytes.

2 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

019469   Gudesaria D D;Jain R;Bhandari H S;Bhojak N (P.G. Chemistry Dep, Govt Dungar College, Bikaner-334 003, Email: narendarbhojak@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, spectral and solution studies on the complexes of Mn(II) with amide group containing ligands. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 81-4.

Some complexes of Mn (II) with four ligands containing amide group have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic moment and spectral data. All the four complexes were found to be tetrahedral in structure.

2 tables, 5 ref

019468   Govinda Chary K;Mamatha K;Mogili R;Ravinder M;Sri Hari S (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: sriharisomu@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and spectral studies of some metal complexes of some phenylhydrazones. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1437-43.

Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ru(III) and Pd(II) complexes of phenyl-hydrazones derived from 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde, resorcealdehyde, dehydro acetic acid and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-acetyl coumarin have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical data. All the ligands behave as mononegative, bidentate ones. The geometry and the bonding characteristics of the complexes have been deduced from relevant data.

3 tables, 24 ref

019467   Gholami A;Ashrafi A R (Mathematics Dep, Faculty of Science, Kashan Univ, Kashan, Iran, Email: gholami@kashanu.ac.ir) : Calculation of the symmetry of C₂₄ fullerene. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 838-44.

Presents some MATLAB and GAP programs and use them to find the automorphism group of the Euclidean graph of the C₂₄ fullerene. It is well known to associate an Euclidean graph to a molecule. Balasubramanian computed the Euclidean graphs and their automorphism groups for benzene, eclipsed and staggered forms of ethane and eclipsed and staggered forms of ferrocene. It is also proved that algorithm, which is useful for finding symmetry of molecules. Using this algorithm, a new simple method is described, by means of which it is possible to calculate the automorphism group of weighted graphs. Authors apply this method to compute the symmetry of fullerene C₂₄.

1 illus, 22 ref

019466   Fatma A;Mahapatra B;Siddiqui N (Chemistry Dep, Patna Women's College, Bailey Road, Patna-800 001) : Reactions of renal calculi with some natural products rich in polyphosphates and hydroxy acids. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 853-6.

Renal calculi are, in general hard to break, the hardness varies from stone to stone depending on their constituents and size. We have endeavoured to solubilizes the insoluble irgradients of renal ccalculi (whole and powdered) with extracts of some natural products by carrying out reactions at room temperature in vitro.

4 tables, 2 ref

019465   Emelda A R;Jayachandramani N;Ravichandran S (Chemistry Dep, St Peter's Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: amali.emelda@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of metal complexes derived from mannich base, N-(1-piperidino benzyl) acetamide and 1,2-diaminobenzene. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 175-180.

Neutral complexes of Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) have been synthesized from a Mannich base, N-(l-piperidino benzyl)acetamide (PBA) derived by the condensation of piperidine, benzaldehyde and acetamide. The ligand form 1 : 1 (metal: ligand) type of complexes with Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II) metal salts and 1,2-diaminobenzene. The structural features have been arrived from their micro analytical data, JR, UV - Vis, IH NMR, EPR spectral data. The electrolytic behavior of the chelates was assessed from their molar conductance data. The magnetic susceptibility and electronic absorption spectra of all the complexes indicate an octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. It has been found that all the complexes have higher antimicrobial activity than the 'free ligand and the standard.

27 ref

019464   Emelda A R;Jayachandramani N;Ravichandran S (Chemistry Dep, St. Peter's Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: amali.emelda@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial activity of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes derived from mannich base ad 1,2-diaminobenzene. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 85-90.

Neutral complexes of Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) have been synthesized from a Mannic base, N-(l-morpholinobenzyl)acetamide (MBA) derived by the condensation of morpholine, benzaldehyde and acetamide. The ligand form 1 : 1 (metal: ligand) type of complexes with Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) metal salts and 1,2-diaminobenzene. The structural features have been arrived from their micro analytical data, IR, UV - Vis, ¹H NMR and EPR spectral data. The electrolytic behavior of the chelates was assessed from their molar conductance data. The magnetic susceptibility and electronic absorption spectra of all the complexes indicate an octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. It has been found that all the complexes have higher antimicrobial activity than the free ligand and the standard.

27 ref

019463   Emelda A R;Jayachandramani N;Ravichandran S (Chemistry Dep, St. Peter's Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: amali.emelda@gmail.com) : Synthesis characterisation and antibacterial activity of metal complexes derived from the mannich base, N-[1-piperidino (4-nitrobenzyl)] semicarbazide. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 25-32.

Some four coordinated Cu (II), Co (II) and Zn (II) complexes of N-[l-piperidino(4-nitrobenzyl)] semicarbazide, a new Mannich base derived from semicarbazide, piperidine and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, have been synthesised. Their structures have been eluciated on the basis of analytical, magnetic, electrical conductivity and spectral data as well as elemental analyses.

46 ref

019462   El Khatib F H;Mahmoud S S (Chemistry Dep, Yarmouk Univ, Irbid, Jordan, Email: smahmoud@yu.edu.jo) : Propane hydrogenolysis over alumina-supported Pt-Rh catalyst. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1179-85.

Bimetallic catalysts of various Pt/Rh ratios supported on Al₂O₃ have been prepared and used in propane hydrogenolysis reaction. The reaction order with respect to hydrogen was determined and found to equal -2 indicating inhibiting action of hydrogen. The activation energy of propane hydrogenolysis was calculated for Rh, Pt₃₀-Rr₇₀ and Pt₅₀-Rh₅₀ and found to have the following values: 201, 221 and 201 kJ/mol, respectively. The effect of %Rh mass content on the reaction rate was also studied.

4 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

019461   Dogan F;Yanar S;Irisli S (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey, Email: fatih.dogan@ege.edu.tr) : Thermal study of Pd(II) complexes containing Bis-(Diphenylthiophosphenyl)methane. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 999-1006.

The TG-DTG and DTA study of dipositive palladium(II) complexes of the general formula [Pt(L-L)(dppmS₂)](ClO₄)₂, where dppmS₂ = Ph₂P(S)CH₂P(S)Ph₂ and L-L = dppm (Ph₂PCH₂PPh₂), dppe (Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂) and dppp (Ph₂PCH₂CH₂CH₂PPh₂), were studied by thermogravimetric analysis from ambient temperature to 1273 K in nitrogen atmosphere. The decomposition occurred in one stage for all complexes. The values of activation energy, E, frequency factor, A, reaction order, n, entropy change, ΔS^{≠, enthalpy change, ΔH≠ and Gibss free energy, ΔG≠ of the thermal decomposition were calculated by means of Coats-Redfern (CR), MacCallum-Tanner (MC) and Horowitz-Metzger (HM) methods. The activation energy value obtained by CR, MC and HM methods were in good agreement with each other.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

019460   Dhomane A S;Venkatachalam A (Chemistry Dep, Bhavan's College, Andheri (W), Mumbai-400 058) : Indirect spectrophotometric determination of hexacyanoferrate(II) ion. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 117-26.

Spectrophotometric method for trace determination of hexacyanoferrate (II) ion has been developed based on reduction of absorbance of alkaline potassium permanganate solution by hexacyanoferrate (II) ion. Hexacyanoferrate (II) ion can be determined up to 6.0 μg/mL with a standard deviation of 0.024 μg/mL.

2 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

019459   Dayalan A;Suneel Manohar Babu C;Visweswaran V (Chemistry Dep, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai-600 034, Email: dayalansgp@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of 1- & 2-[{2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl}-methylamino]sulphonyl naphthalenes. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1411-19.

Two isomeric naphthalene sulphonyl compounds viz., 1-& 2-[{2-(3,4-diniethoxyphenyl)ethyl}methylamino] sulphonyl naphthalenes (I and II) were synthesized from 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl chloride (homo veratryl chloride, HVC) and naphthalene as the main starting materials and characterized by spectral methods. Their antimicrobial activities were also studied.

1 table, 22 ref

019458   Das I;Ansari S A (Chemistry Dep, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Nanomaterials in science and technology. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(8), 657-67.

Recent work on nanomaterials and their applications in science, technology, biology and medicine has been reviewed. Nanomaterials of different shapes and geometries and their characterization techniques are described. Methods for synthesis of different types of nanomaterials have been explained.

019457   Darshan;Malhotra P;Narula A K (School of Basic and Applied Sciences, GGS Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110 006) : Effect of structure of diamide-diimide-diamines based on L-methionine on curing behaviour and thermal stability of DGEBA. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(6), 893.

New L-methionine-based diacids containing imide units are synthesized via reaction of dianhydride with l-methionine. A series of diamide-diimide-diamines has been synthesized by activation of obtained diacids with thionyl chloride and then condensation with excess of different aromatic diamines containing ether, methylene and sulfone units via high temperature condensation method.

019456   Dandia A;Singh R;Singh D (Chemistry Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004) : Facile one-pot synthesis of new annulated hexa-cyclic ring system indeno-pyrano-furo-indoles and spiro indenopyran-indoles under microwave irradiation. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(7), 1001-5.

Facile efficient synthesis of fused and spiro indole derivatives under microwaves is reported.

019455   Dahiya J B;Rana S;Krishan Kumar (Chemistry Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: jbdic@yahoo.com) : Effect of metal ions on the flame retardation of phosphorylated cotton cellulose. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1481-90.

This work focuses on the development of durable flame-retarded chemically modified cotton cellulose. Cellulosej thiophosphordicarbamidate (CTPC) and its complexes with metals such as chromium and iron have been synthesized and characterized. The thermal oxidative degradation and potential flame retardancy was evaluated from thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetery analyses and char yield. From the resulting data of TG curve using Broido method, the activation energies of CTPC and metal complexes (24-41 kJ mol^-1) for decomposition process are found lower than that of cellulose (165.85 kJ mol^-1) in static air. It has also seen that metals have stabilized the CTPC after 350 °C due to cross-linking and aromatization of residue. The FTIR spectra of chars of modified cellulose indicate that catalyzed dehydration takes place. Modified cellulose samples, when heated, give rise to high char yields. The values of AH have also been found reduced and spread in wide range of temperature significantly on introducing phosphorus, nitrogen, sulphur and metals in cellulose. This indicates that the combustibility of modified cellulose is reduced.

3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

019454   Dabholkar V V;Wadkar M M (Organic Research Lab, Chemistry Dep, K.C. College, Churchgate, Mumbai-400 020) : Synthesis and characterization of fused and spiro heterocycles by ultrasonic methods. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(7), 1027-32.

Treatment of 1,4-diazacyclohexan-2,5-dione 1 with bromine in carbontetrachloride yielded 1,4-diaza-3-bromo-2,5-dioxo-cyclo-hexane 2 and 1,4-diaza-3,3-dibromocyclohexane-2,5-dione 7. The reaction of 2 with carbamides/thiocarbamides produced 6-oxo-oxazolo[4,5-b] piperazine 5 /2-substituted imino-6-oxo-thiazolo[4,5-b] piperazine 6. Compound 7 on combination with carbamides/ thiocarbamides was transformed to 1-oxo-2-substituted imino-3,5,8-triaza-3H,5H,8H,7-dihydro-6,9-dioxo-spiro [3.5] nonane 9 and 1-thia-2-substituted imino-3,5,8-triaza-3H,5H,8H-7dihydro-6,9-dioxo-spiro [3.5] nonane 9.

019453   Choudhury S N;Deka D K;Baruah A K S;Rao P G; Dube M F;Riggins A (NO, North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785 006, Email: choudhurysn2003@yahoo.co.in) : Constituents of essential oil of Litsea cubeba from north east Indian germplasm. Indian Perfumer 2009, 53(1), 38-42.

Litsea cubeba Pers. (Lauraceae) is widely distributed in the North East India ranging from 751660 m altitude. The leaves and fruits are aromatic in nature. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation of fresh leaves and fruits collected from six states of North East India. Leaf oil was found to vary from 0.01 to 3.00%. The leaves collected from Tuli, and Zoram, were found to contain maximum oil. Yield of fruit oil was highest (4.0%) from Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya.GC analysis of 144 samples indicated that the oil contains four different chemical constituents viz; citral (88.77), linalool (70.88), sabinene (64.38) and citronellal (83.10). Plants having citral and sabinene are found up to the altitude of 1660m, whereas the availability of linalool and citronellal was at 125 and 1000 m respectively.

6 tables, 10 ref

019452   Cap Z P;Dong W J;Dong H S (State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organi, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730 000, People's Republic of China) : One pot synthesis of some novel 2,4-diaryl-6-(5-methyl-1-p-tolyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine deri-vatives. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(6), 873-6.

New 2,4-diaryl-6-(5-methyl-1-p-tolyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-pyridine deri-vatives have been prepared and characterized.

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019451   Bhatt R R;Shah B A (Chemistry Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat-395 007, Email: bhavna606@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis, characterization and physico-chemical studies of chelating ion exchange resin derived from salicylic acid-formaldehyde-resorcinol. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 55-64.

Chelating ion-exchange resin has been synthesized by condensing salicylic acid with resorcinol employing formaldehyde as cross linking agent using DMF as solvent at 90 ± 5 °C. The physicoªchemical properties such as moisture retention ability, density, void volume fraction, total exchange capacity, pH titration study, rate of exchange and thermal stability have been studied. The resin was characterized by FTIR spectra, elemental analysis, TGA and DTG. The morphology of the resin was studied by Optical and SEM photographs at different magnifications.

4 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

019450   Bhandari H S;Jain R;Gudesaria D D;Bhojak N (P.G. Chemistry Dep, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner University, Bikaner-334 001) : Thermodynamical behaviour of doped Pr(III) Ions in saturated alcoholic solutions of various semicarbazones. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 231-4.

The thermodynamical parameters of Pr (III) ions with a series of semicarbazones in saturated alcoholic solutions have been studied with respect to hypersensitive transition involved in the system. The spectroscopic data for the hypersensitive transition have been correlated with thermodynamical parameters, TET., for all complexes were found in the range 0.89 x 10¹⁷ to 1.01 x 10¹⁷and work function in the range of 2.01 x 10¹⁹ to 2.32 X 10¹⁹.

1 table, 11 ref

019449   Bhambi D;Sharma C;Sharma S;Salvi V K;Talesara G L (Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Lab, Chemistry Dep, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313 001) : Synthesis and pharmacological studies of some phthalimidoxy substituted spiro-thiazolidinone derivatives of isatin. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(7), 1006-12.

Some 3'-{4-(1-acetyl-5-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazoline-3-yl)phenyl}-1-N-ethoxyphthalimido-4'H-spiro[indo le-3,2'-[1,3]-thiazolidene]-2,4'-1H-diones 6a-e have been synthesized from 3-[4-{1-acetyl-5-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-pyrazoline-3-yl}phe-nyl-imino ]indole-2-one 4a-e. Synthesized compounds have been characterized by analytical and spectral studies.

019448   Baskar G;Gopalakrishnan M;Winfred Jebaraj J (Applied Chemistry Dep, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur-602 105, Email: drgbaskarg@yahoo.co.in) : Antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of potent N-hydroxy-2,6-diaryl-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one oximes. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1018-24.

N-hydroxy-2,6-diaryl-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one oximes [3a-f] obtained by the reaction between the N-hydroxy-2,6-diaryl-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-ones [2a-f] and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride are screened against selected bacteria (Vibro choleras, Salmonella typii, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia colt, Staphylococous aureus, Klebsiella pneummonia, β-Heamolytic streptococcus and Pseudomonas) and fungi (Aspergillusflavus, Mucor, Microsporum gypseum and Rhizopus). Disc diffusion method is employed to determine the in vitro antibiotic effect. The inhibitory effect of the compounds is very close and identical in magnitude and is comparable with that of the standard antibiotic used.

5 tables, 8 ref

019447   Banerji J;Kotai L;Banerji K K (Biotechnology Dep, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut-250 005, Email: kalyanbanerji@yahoo.com) : Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of formic and oxalic acids by bis(pyridine) silver permanganate. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(6), 797-800.

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of formic and oxalic acids by bis(pyridine) silver permanganate in aqueous acetic acid have been studied. The main product of oxidation is carbon dioxide. The reaction is first order each with respect to the permanganate and the reductant. The reaction is catalyzed by hydrogen ions. The oxidation of aα-deuterioformic acid exhibits a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (k_H/k_D = 3.69 at 298 K). Suitable mechanisms have been proposed.

019446   Banerjee S;Tayde R A;Sharma B D (Chemistry Dep, Institute of Science, Nagpur-440 001) : Solvent free Stobbe condensation: A green approach. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(6), 882-5.

Solvent-free Stobbe condensation of the esters, methyl β benzoyl propionate methyl β naphthoyl propionate and dimethyl succinate with different aldehydes and ketones have been studied under green context.

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019445   Azouz M;Lamara K;Teguiche M;Smalley R K (Chemistry Dep, Oum-El-Bouaghi University, Oum-El-Bouaghi 04000, Algeria, Email: m.azouz@mail.lagh-univ.dz) : Generation and trapping of 2-methyl-3-phenyl-4- oxoquinazolinium-1-mthanide: routes to pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazolinones. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 954-62.

Azomethine ylide, prepared from quinazglinium salt, undergoes 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with alkyne dipolarophiles to produce substituted pyrroles, When alkene dipolarophiles were introduced, a novel compound i.e., substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazolinones have resulted from work.

2 illus, 11 ref

019444   Azmat R;Naz R;Khalil A;Uddin F (Chemistry Dep, Jinnah Univ for Women, 5-C Nazimabad, 74600 Karachi, Pakistan, Email: rafiasaeed200@yahoo.com) : Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of D-galactose and D-maltose with potassium permanganate in acidic medium by spectrophotometry. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 829-37.

Oxidation of D-galactose and D-maltose with permanganate ion (MnO^{-₄) as oxidant was observed in acidic medium by visible spectrophotometric method. The rate of reaction was followed by the change in absorbance of oxidant at λ_max 545 nm. The influence of different experimental parameters, such as change in concentration of D-galactose and D-maltose, MnO-₄, H+ and reaction temperature were investigated. The oxidation reaction was observed identical first order kinetics with respect to substrate and permanganate ion. A positive effect of H+ was found whereas change in ionic strength (μ) has no effect on oxidation velocity. It was observed that rate of oxidation of maltose was much slower in absence of catalyst which was increased after the addition of mercuric acetate while in case of galactose reaction proceeds with out catalyst. The reaction were investigated at different temperatures to evaluate various activation parameters. A suitable mechanism consistent with experimental finding has been proposed.}

6 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

019443   Awen B Z;Unnithan C R;Lakshmanan A J (Faculty of Pharmacy, 7th April Univ, College of Medical Science, Al-Zawia, Libya) : Composition of Erigeron mucronatus oil of Nilgiris. Indian Perfumer 2009, 53(1), 22-3.

Flowering shoot biomass of Erigeron mucronatus DC plants were collected from the Nilgiris and were subjected to hydro-distillation in a Clevenger apparatus. The yield of the pale yellow coloured oil was 0.5 %. Twenty five components of the oil were identified by GC-MS. The oil contained 16.11 % monoterpenoids, 42.44 % sesquiterpenoids, 9.39 % lachnophyllum ester, 13.72 % matricaria ester and 11.44 % caryophyllenes.

2 tables, 7 ref

019442   Askin M;Zafer Koylu M;Tutsi M (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, Dicle Univ, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey, Email: zkoylu@dicle.edu.tr) : <. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1323-7.

Measurement of spin-lattice relaxation time T₁ has been performed for the chiral monoaza-15-crown-5 ether derivative as a function of temperature. Activation energies E_a and correlation times (τ_C) were obtained. The data suggest that the underlying mechanism of relaxation is due to magnetic dipole-dipole interaction.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref