018473   Sen N;Kar Y;Kurbanov S;Uyanik A (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science and Arts, Selcuk Univ, 42079 Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey, Email: nsen@selcuk.edu.tr) : Antibacterial activity of new [(2-Hydroxypropyl)-n-oximino]pyridines. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3949-53.

The synthesized [(2-hydroxypropyl)-n-oximino]pyridine derivatives has been tested against the pathogenic four Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Sarcina lutea (ATCC 9341) and Streptococs mutatis (UCTC 10499) and three Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella, typhimurium (1,4,5,12:;: 1,2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 29998). Generally, all synthesized compounds (IVa-c) showed : strong activity compared to antibiotic drug (cefalexin). However, among this compounds (IVa) showed excellent activity against Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Sarcina lutea (ATCC 9341), Salmonella typhimurium (1,4,5,12:;:1,2) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 29998) compared to cefalexin.

1 table, 18 ref

018472   Sathyanarayanamoorthi V;Mahalakshmi S (Phys Dep, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, VMRF-Deemed Univ, Paiyanoor, Chennai-603104, Email: sathyanarayanamoorthi@yahoo.co.in) : Molecular mechanics studies on chamazulene. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3440-4.

The molecular mechanics studies have been undertaken to identify the presence of stable conformers. The attached methyl and ethyl groups are rotated one by one for various dihedral angles and minimum conformational energy of the molecule is recorded. Various parameters such as compression energy, bending energy, torsional energy and van der Waal's energy of the molecule are recorded. The final steric energy and related thermodynamic quantity are found. The heat of formation and related strain energy are also noted.

6 tables, 7 ref

018471   Sabzi R E;Ebrahimzadeh F;Sedghi H (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Urmia Univ, Urmia, Iran, Email: r.emamalisabzi@mail.urmia.ac.ir) : Electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3364-72.

Cobalt oxide nanoparticles prepared by two ways. In first wiry cobalt chloride mixed with sodium carbonate, the obtained precipitate react in solid state reaction with oxalic and citric acid separately at about 70 °C, then products oxidized by heating at different temperature from 400-700 °C. In second way the cobalt chloride mixed with sodium hydroxide solutionat at 4 °C and obtained precipitate heated as the first way from 400-600 °C. The obtained cobalt oxide nanoparticles characterized by cyclic voltammetry and SEM techniques. The electrochemical behaviour of the cobalt oxide in carbon paste electrode (CPE) was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The cobalt oxide-CPE shows a pair of peaks with a surface-confined characteristic in a 0.5 M phosphate buffer and 0.5 M NaOH as supporting electrolyte. The cobalt oxide-CPE showed electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of fructose. The kinetics of the catalytic reaction was investigated by using chronoamperometry.

6 illus, 22 ref

018470   Revamma R (Chemistry Dep, S.N. College, Chempazhanthy, Trivandrum-695 587, Email: rrevamma@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of sodium lauryl sulphate on the solubility and viscosity properties of cassava starch. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3810-14.

Surfactants and lipids are known to modify the swelling and rheological properties of starches. The action is due to complexation of the amylose fraction of the starch with the surfactant. The effect of 9 different concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the swelling, solubility and viscosity properties of cassava starch was studied. The peaks in swelling volume were found to be between 0.005 and 0.1% of the surfactant. No breakdown effect was observed even when the complex was subjected to steam pressure treatments of 5, 10 and 15 psi, showing the stability of the complex. The solubility of starch was found to be influenced by different factors like concentration of surfactant, concentration of starch and temperature. The peak viscosity of starch remained almost same upto 0.05% surfactant and then showed a noticeable increase upto 0.5% and then declined to the control value. A second peak was observed during cooling.

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

018469   Ren M J;Zhang Z;Zhao P;Zhang J (School of Science, Jinan Univ, Jinan 250022, Shandong, P.R. China, Email: ss_renmj@hjn.edu.cn) : Three-dimensional metal-organic hybrid material bearing an open-framework self-assembled by mononuclear cerium benzene tetracarboxylate complex. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3687-3701.

A kind of novel metal-organic hybrid material formed by stacking and self-assembly of the mononuclear cerium benzene tetracarboxylate complex [Ce(H₂btec)_1/2(btec)_1/2(H₂d)]_n (H₄btec = 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic acid), simplified as MCBC, has.been synthesized under solvothermal conditions (H₂O/ acetic acid). MCBC obtained was characterized by differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and FT-IR analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that MCBC crystallizes to mononuclear metal carboxylate complex with a 3D-supramolecular open-framework containing nine-coordinate cerium centers.

10 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

018468   Ray R;Sharma J D;Limaye S N (Chem Dep, forensic Sci, Dr.H.S.Gour Univ, Sagar-470003, Email: sn1222@yqhoo.co.in) : Variations in the physico-chemical parameters of some N-methyl substituted barbiturate derivatives. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3382-86.

The relative activity for the series of substituted barbituric acid derivatives show highly dependent lipophilic character. The increasing lipophilic character facilitate the movement of drug through lipophilic biophases and direct it on the sites of action.

1 table, 1 illus, 9 ref

018467   Ramesh Babu V N S;Prabhakar Reddy V; Hanumantha Rao P (Chmistry Dep, Postgraduate College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 004, Email: vummenthalapv@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis of 1,2,3,5-tetrahydropyrimido-[1,2-c]benzimidazoles. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3483-6.

1,2,3,5-Tetrahydropyrimidolf 1,2-c]benzimidazoles 6a-e have been synthesized by the condensation of 2-methylamino-l-(2,3-dihydro-lH-benzimidazole-2-yliden)-2-thioxoethyl- cyanide 4 with aromatic aldehydes 5a-e in refluxing N,N'-diethylaniline and p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst.

1 table, 13 ref

018466   Raman N;Sethulakshmi G;Sakthivel A (Research Dep of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar-626 001, Email: drn_raman@yahoo.co.in) : Designing, synthesis and spectral characterization of a tridentate schiff base ligand of ONO type and its transition metal complexes. Asian J Spectrosc 2008, 12(4), 137-43.

A new tridentate Schiff base ligand of ONO type was designed and synthesized by the condensation of anthranilic acid and o-acetoacetotoluidide. This ligand has been characterized by microanalytical data, IR, UV-Vis., ¹H NMR, ESR and mass spectra. Its complexes of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), VO(IV) and Zn(II) have been synthesized and characterized by the usual spectral and analytical techniques. The data show that they have composition of the type ML₂ where M= Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), VO(IV) and Zn(II). The UV-Vis spectral data suggest that the complexes have octahedral geometry around the central metal ion except VO(IV) complex which has square-pyramidal geometry. The molar conductance data reveal that these chelates are non-electrolytes. Their magnetic susceptibility values provide evidence for the monomeric nature.

2 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

018465   Ramalingam P;Baburao C;Ganapaty S (Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Dep, Siddharth Institute of Pharmacy, Nalanda Educational Campus, Kantepudi, Sattenapalli (M), Guntur-522 438, Email: rammpharm@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis of some 'N' bridgehead heterocycles containing quinoxaline and 1,2,4-triazole and their antifungal and antitubercular activity. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 4132-4.

2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline reacted with 5-substituted 3,4-diaminotriazole afforded 3-substituted quinoxalino(2,1b)-1,2,4-triazoIo(5,1 c) 5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole. The structures were supported by spectral studies and evaluated for their antifungal and antitubercular activities.

^ssc1 table, 6 ref

018464   Rajendiran T V;Subbu S (Postgraduate and Research Dep of Chemistry, Pachyiyappa's College, Chennai-600 030, Email: dr_v_r@yahoo.com) : Kinetic studies on the polymerization of some vinyl monomers by Mn(III)-tartaric acid redox system. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3525-31.

Kinetic studies on the polymerization of methylacrylate and acrylamide initiated by the redox system Mn(III)-tartaric acid have been carried out in aqueous sulphuric acid medium at 15°C. The effects of [monomer], [Mn (III)], [tartaric acid]. [H⁺] and ionic strength on the rates of polymerization and Mn(III) ion disappearance have been studied. A mechanism consistent with the experimental observations has been suggested. The rate parameters k_i/k_o and k_p/k_t have been calculated and correlated to monomer and polymer radical reactivities, respectively. Methyl acrylate has been found to have higher monomer and polymer radical reactivities than acrylamide.

4 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

018463   Raj D;Upadhyay S S;Asthana R K (Chemistry Dep, R.S.K.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur-222 002) : Synthesis of some novel 3-[4'-arylidene-2'-phenyl-5' oxo-imidazolin-1'-yl]-2-phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones as potential fungicides. J Ultra Chem 2007, 3(1), 28-8.

3-[4¹-Arylidene-2¹ -phenyl-5¹-oxo-imidazolin-1'yl] - 2 - phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones (3) have been prepared by reacting 3-amino-2- Phenyl-4 (3H)-quinazolinones (1) with azlactones (2). The compounds were screened for their fungicidal activity against F. oxysporium and C. Saccharii.

2 tables, 7 ref

018462   Radhakrishnan K;Mohanan Pilla K (Physics Dep, NSS Hindu College, Changanasserry-686 102, Email: krkkrish@gmail.com) : Electrical properties of HfSe₂ single crystals grown by chemical vapour transport technique. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3774-8.

An attempt has been made to concentrate upon the family of layered materials having a CdI₂ type structure. Single crystals of hafnium selenide (HfSe₂) have been grown by chemical vapour transport (CVT) technique, with iodine as the transporting agent using a two-zone horizontal furnace. Electrical resistivity of the grown crystals were measured using two probe and four probe methods. The measurements showed that resistivity decreases with increase in temperature showing semiconducting behaviour. Activation energy of charge carriers were determined. Hall mobility, Hall_coefficient and carrier concentrations were determined. All crystals were found to be of n-type conductivity. The electrical conductivity, Hall effect and their temperature dependence concludes the characteristic features of the semiconducting properties of these compounds.

4 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

018461   Poyraz M;Yenikaya C;Colak A T (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science and Arts, Dumlupinar Univ, Kutahya, Turkey, Email: yenikaya@dumlupinar.edu.tr) : Synthesis and structural studies of bidentate schiff bases and their complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II). Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3515-24.

Novel Schiff bases prepared by condensation of substituted aniline with aldehydes as [NO] chelating bidentate ligands have been characterized by their elemental analysis, IR and electronic spectra. Their complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions have been synthesized and characterized with the spectroscopic methods, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis. The results indicate that metal ions coordinate with azomethine nitrogen atoms and phenolic oxygen atoms of ligands. The mole ratio of ligands and metal ions in the complexes has been determined to be 2:1, according to the results of elemental analysis. All complexes have been considered in four coordinated configurations. While Cu(II) complexes had square-planar configuration, the others possessed tetrahedral geometries. The TG and DTA properties of compounds have been studied.

1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

018460   Perveen A;Naqui I M;Saeed R (National Core Group of Chemistry, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemist, Karachi Univ, Karachi-75270, Pakistan, Email: abida2020@yahoo.com) : Ionic interactions of Fe<. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3445-61.

The densities and viscosities of FeSO₄ and CuSO₄ solutions in aqueous methanol (10, 30 and 50% v/v systems) within a concentration of 1 x 10^-2 to 9 x 10^-2 mol/dm³ at 30,40 and 50 °C have been measured. It was observed that the viscosities of solutions increase with the increase in concentration of salt and solvent composition at particular temperature. The viscosity data was used to evaluate ion-ion interactions and ion - solvent interactions in terms of A and B coefficients of Jones-Dole equaticm. The values of ion solvent interaction were incorporated in terms of Jones Dole coefficient 'B'. It was found that the values of B increased from FeSQi to CuSO₄ with the increase in temperature from 30, 40 and 50 °C. Apparent molar volumes (φ_v) were derived from these data supplemented with their densities respectively. The limiting apparent molar volumes (φ_v°) and experimental slopes (S_v) obtained from Masson equation have been interpreted in terms of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions, respectively.

6 tables, 13 ref

018459   Patel I J;Vhora I M (Chem Dep, P.t. Science Sarvajanic College, Surat-395007, Email: imvohra0l@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of metal chelates of 5-[4-(3-chloro phenyl) piperzinyl methylene]-8-hydroxy quinoline. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3393-98.

5-Chloro methyl-8-quinolinol was condensed with 4-3(3-chloro phenyl piperazine in presence of sodium bicarbonate. The resulting 5-[4-(3-chloro phenyl)piperazinyl methylene]-8-quinolinol (CPPQ) was characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The transition metal chelates viz., Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ of CPPQ were prepared and characterized by metal-ligand (M:L) ratio, IR and reflectance spectroscopies and magnetic properties. The antifun-gal activity of CPPQ and its metal chelates was screened against various fungi. The results show that all these samples are good antifungal agents.

3 tables, 13 ref

018458   Pandey A K;Satyendra Singh (Electrochemical Laboratory Kashi Naresh Govt. Post Graduate College, , Gyanpur, Sant Ravi Das Nagar, Bhadohi-221 304) : Solution electrophoresis in the study of metal ligand equilibria [M-cysteine system]. J Ultra Chem 2007, 3(1), 7-12.

Initially the ionophoretic technique was limited for separation purpose in Biology and chemistry. In 1964, the Jokl extended it to the qualitative study of simple Inorganic complexes. Now the techniques has been proved as a handy tool for the study of coordination compounds in solution. Authors research group has successfully and widely applied electrophoretic method with drastic modifications to the quantitative assessment of equilibrium constants of some inorganic complexation reactions. The present work reports some obser vations for Th (IV), Fe (III), Cr (III) and Al (III)- Cysteine complexes.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

018457   Pandey A K;Kumar D;Pal R S (Chemistry Dep, R.B.S. College, Agra-282 002) : Synthesis of copolymer of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate using antimony oxide as catalyst. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 4127-8.

The copolymer of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate was synthesized under different reaction conditions using antimony oxide as catalvst.

1 table, 8 ref

018456   Palani R;Senthilnathan R (Physics Dep, D.D.E., Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: palani_physics06@yahoo.co.in) : Ultrasonic study of amino acids in aqueous urea mixture at 298K. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3588-96.

Ultrasonic velocity (U), density (ρ) and viscocity (η) have been measured for three amino acids viz., glycine, L-alanine and L-serine in the aqueous urea (0.1 m) at 298 K. Using the experimental values, the adiabatic compressibility (β), change in adiabatic compressibility (Δβ), relative change in adiabalic compressibility (Δβ/β°), apparent molal compressibility (φ_K) apparent molal volume (φ_v), limiting apparent molal compressibility ((φ_K°), limiting apparent molal volume (φ_v°, ) and their constant (S_K, S_v) and viscosity B-coefficient were calculated for all the ternary systems. The results are interpreted in the light of mtermolecular interaction in terms of the structure-making or structure-breaking effect of these amino acids in the mixture.

3 tables, 26 ref

018455   Nejem R M;Issa M M;El-Abadla N S;Al-Kholy M; Saleh A A (Analytical Chemistry Dep, Alaqsa Univ, P.O. Box 4051, Gaza, Palestine, Email: rafatnejem@alaqsa.edu.ps) : Determination of diiodohydroxyquinoline using UV-visible and atomic absorption spectrometry. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3849-56.

Three novel methods were developed for the determination of diiodohydroxyquinoline based on UV-Visible and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two UV-Visible sensitive methods based on the oxidation of diiodohydroxyquinoline by iron(III) and the produced iron(II) reacted with potassium ferricynide or 1,10-phenanthroline forming Prussian blue colour (Method I) or red colour complex [method(II)], respectively. The AAS method is based on the extraction of the excess iron (IIl) in the oxidation reaction of diiodohydroxyquinoline/iron(III). The iron(II) in the aqueous layer was aspirated into air-acetylene flame. The reactions have been evaluated to obtain optimum experimental conditions. Linear responses were exhibited over the ranges 2.0-20.0, 1.0-10.0 and 0.2-2.0 μg mL^-1 for method I, method II and AAS, respectively. A high sensitivity is recorded as 0.091, 0.074 and 0.028 μg mL^-1 for the proposed methods I and II and AAS, respectively. The limit of detection of diiodohydroxyquinoline by method I and II and AAS method were 0.2,0.17 and 0.07 μg mL^-1, respectively. The developed methods were applied for the assay of the drug substance in its commercial formulation. The results were statistically compared with official method using t- and f- tests at p < 0.05. The intra and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 6% and the recoveries ranged from 94.0 to 102.5%.

5 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

018454   Nanjan M J;Bhaskar V H;Suresh B (Pharmacy Dep, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund-643 001, Email: mjnanjan@hotmail.com) : Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of 4-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-substituted phenylazetidine-1-yl)benzoic acids. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3607-11.

Various 4-{[(IE)-substituted phenyl methylene]amino} benzole acids (IIIa-e) have been synthesized by condensation of p-amino benzole acid with different aldehydes. The cyclocondensation reaction of IIIa-e with chloroacetyl chloride afforded 4-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-substituted phenyl-azetidine-l-yl)benzoic acid (IVa-e). The structures of the synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their analytical and spectral data. All the compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activities.

2 tables, 7 ref

018453   Nagalakshmi G (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Erode-638 112, Email: gnl78@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of aryl alkanoic acids as potential antimicrobial agents. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3617-22.

Aryl alkanoic acid moieties are important because of its versatile biological actions. In the study, aryl alkanoic acids (IIIa-j) have been synthesized by the condensation of 4-aminobenzoic acid (I) with various aromatic halides (IIa-j) in presence of glacial acetic acid. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, UV, IR and ¹H NMR spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro growth inhibiting activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were compared with the standard antibiotics such as amikacin (30 μg/mL) and fluconazole (100 μg/mL) using well agar diffusion technique. Compounds (IIIa, Ille, IIIh and IIIi) showed comparable antibacterial activity.

2 tables, 14 ref

018452   Mohamed Farook N A (Chemistry Dep, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam-614 701, Email: nafarook@msn.com) : Kinetics of oxidation of 4-oxoacids by N-chlorosaccharin in aqueous acetic acid medium. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3727-38.

Kinetics of oxidation of substituted and unsubstituted 4-oxoacids (S) by N-chlorosaccharin (NCSA) in aqueous acetic acid medium have been studied. The reaction follows first-order kinetics, each in 4-oxoacids, NCSA and H⁺. The effect of changes in the electronic nature of the substrate reveals that there is a development of positive charge in the transition state. On the basis of the kinetic results and product analysis, a suitable mechanism has been proposed for the reaction of NCSA with 4-oxoacids.

2 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

018451   Mishra V;Sengar S;Singh N (Chemistry Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh) : Ion-induced nucleation of H₂SO₄.nH₂ aerosols. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 34(4), 671-7.

The presence of ions in SO₂ polluted humid atmosphere, the H₂SO₄. nH₂O aerosol particles are nucleated. The ion induced nucleation rate increased slowly with height above the ground, reaches a maximum at about 7 km and then decreased monotonically becoming almost zero at about 15 km. The H₂SO₄.nH₂O aerosol fine particles coagulated due to thermal motion which results in the growth of particles.

2 illus, 17 ref

018450   Mehta B H;More P S (Chemistry Dep, Mumbai Univ, Vidyanagari, Santacruz [E], Mumbai-400 098, Email: bipin_281050@yahoo.com) : Synthesis, characterization and X-ray diffraction studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with schiff base derived from 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde and anthranilic acid. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3581-7.

Transition metal (II) complexes of the type ML.nH₂O [where M-Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II), L-Schiff base derived from 5-nitro salicylaldehyde and anthranilic acid, n=0, 1 ...] have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility studies and X-ray difraction spectra. Molar conductivity measurements indicate that the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. From the analytical and spectral data, the stoichiometry of the complexes has been found to be 1 :1 (metal: ligand). IR spectral data suggests that the ligand behaves as a monobasic tridentate ligand with O:N:O donor sequence towards metal ions. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate paramagnetic behaviour of all the complexes except Zn-complex. X-ray diffraction studies suggest monoclinic crystal system for these complexes.

1 illus, 6 tables, 31 ref

018449   Manoj Kumar;Jadon S P S (Chemistry Dep, S.V. College, Aligarh-202 001, Email: sps_jadon@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and characterization of Ni(II) complex of S₃N₂H₂. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 4115-17.

On the basis of quantitative estimations, mass IR, UV and ¹H NMR spectra, the complex of S₃N₂H₂ with Ni(II) compound, has been assigned as (S₃N₂H₂)₂-NiSO₄.6H₂O, having quardidentated co-ordinated, Ni²⁺ ion bridged sandwich geometrical structure.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

018448   Lokhande R S;Bambardekar Y R (Chemistry Dep, Mumbai Univ, Santacruz (East), Vidyanagari, Mumbai-400 098) : Extractive spectrophotometric determination of Pd(III) with hexane, 2,5-dione-Bis-(Ethylenediamine) as a novel reagent. J Ultra Chem 2007, 3(1), 35-40.

A simple and precise spectrophotometric method coupled with solvent extraction is used for determination of trace concentration of Pd(II) using Hexane-2,5-dione-bis-(ethylenediamine) as a novel analytical reagent. The reagent forms a stable pink complex which is quantitatively extracted at pH 3.5. The absorption spectrum of Pd:HDBE complex in chloroform exhibits absorption peak at 474 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 2- 20 ppm. Molar absorptivity & Sandell sensitivity calculated as 0.750xl0⁴ L mor¹cm¹ and 3.6xlO^-5μg cm¹ respectively. Stoichiometric ratio of Pd:HDBE was 1:2 ascertained by Job's method, mole ratio method and slope ratio method. Effect of diverse ions is also reported. The newly proposed method is applied for estimation of Pd at trace level.

3 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

018447   Liang F;Zhu X;Yang J;Su Q (NO, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hefei, Anhui, 230061, P.R. China, Email: lfx@ahcdc.com.cn) : Accelerated solvent extraction and matrix solid phase dispersion using molecularly imprinted polymer for the analysis of monocrotophos in soil. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3954-60.

A rapid, simple and highly selective accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) using molecularly imprinted polymer method has been developed for the determination of monocrotophos in soil. The soil sample is dispersed with molecularly imprinted polymer and loaded into the extraction cell. After two accelerated solvent extraction steps, some impurities including some OPPs were washed when CH₂C1₂ was used as the solvent in the first extraction step while monocrotophos was eluted separately by 10% CH₃OH-CH₂Cl₂ in the second extraction step. The molecularly imprinted polymer as dispersing agent showed good performance for selectively discriminating monocrotophos from other impurities. Monocrotophos could be selectively extracted from soil and quantitive recovery of monocrotophos was 99.3% at fortification level of 1 μg/g.

2 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

018446   Li X M;Zhang F;Du L P;Zhang S H (College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao Univ of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P.R. China, Email: shushzhang@126.com) : Synthesis and crystal structure of ethyl 4-(4-nitrobenzamido)-3-(N-methyl-4-nitrobenzamido)-benzoate monohydrate. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3923-8.

Ethyl 4-(4-Nitrobenzamido)-3-(N-methyl-4-nitrobenzamido)benzoate monohydrate was synthesized through the reaction of 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride and 3,4-diamino benzoate using Et₃N as acid acceptor. The structure of the present compound was characterized using elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR spectra and X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group. P-I, with cell dimensions of a =7.394(6), b= 11.418(8), c= 14.293(II) Angstrum, α = 84.132(13), β = 81.034(13), γ = 89.451(13)°, V = 1185.7(16) Ansgrum and Z = 2.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

018445   Li J;Zhu J;Liu R (College of Chemical and Environmental Science, The Key Laboratory of E, Hanan Normal Univ, Xinxiang, 453007, P.R. China, Email: jplig@163.com) : Synthesis and characterization of α-(Arylaminothiothiocarbonyloxy)hydrocarbylphonates. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3579-84.

In this study, twelve new α-(arylamino thiocarbonyloxy)-hydrocarby Iphosphonates were synthesized in excellent yields by addition reaction of oc-hydroxyhydrocarbylphosphonates with aryl isothiocyanates in the presence of sodium methoxide. Their structures have been confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR and elemental analysis.

1 table, 22 ref

018444   Lamouri S;Ihdene Z (NO, , Loboratoire de Chimie Macromoleculaire-UERCA-EMP, BP 17 C Bordj El Bahri, Alger, Algeria, Email: lamourisaad@gmail.com) : Synthesis and thermal characterization of polybutadiene azide. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3395-4000.

Work presents the possibility of introducing new functional groups on the chains of polybutadiene. The polybutadiene is obtained by a radical polymerization in a solution. In an intermediate step, an addition of bromine (Br₂) is carried out. The azide group (-N₃) is grafted on the poly-butadiene chain by a reaction of substitution with bromine under well defined conditions. The virgin and modified polymers are characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. These studies confirm the existence of the grafted and evaluation of quantify their percentages.

4 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

018443   Kumar D;et al. (Chemistry Dep, Centre of Research for Chemical Sciences, SMS Government Model Science, Gwalior-474 009, Email: drdkumar2003@yahoo.co.in) : Theoretical investigation of IR and geometry of the S-benzyl-β-N-(2-furylmethylketone)dithiocarbazate schiff base by semi-empirical methods. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3703-15.

Schiff bases of alkyl/aryl dithiocarbazate and their transition metal complexes have received much attention due to their biological activities. Performance of Semi-empirical AM1, PM3, MNDO, MNDO-d methods have been tested to find the best auxiliary tool for the IR frequencies, geometry and electron densities. For bond lengths, the correlation coefficient obtained for AM1, PM3, MNDO and MNDO-d methods are 0.96, 0.990, 0.983 and 0.976, respectively. Out of the four semi-empirical methods PM3 produces most satisfactory correlation (cc = 0.990) between experimental and calculated bond length. In the case of bond angles, correlation coefficients are 0.836, 0.742. 0.706 and 0.685 for AM1. PM3, MNDO and MNDO-d methods, respectively. Thus AM 1 method gives most satisfactory correlation (cc = 0.836). Out of two nitrogen atoms azo-methine nitrogen carried more electron density. For fundamental vibrational frequencies, the correlation coefficient obtained for AM1, PM3. MNDO and MNDO-d methods are 0.926. 0.967. 0.760, and 0.969, respectively. Out of the four semi-empirical methods MNDO-d yields most satisfactory correlation (cc = 0.969) between experimental and calculated fundamental vibrational frequencies.

6 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

018442   Kulkarni D R;Muley M R;Rodge J K;Deshpande M N (Chemistry Dep, Shrikrishna Mahavidyalaya, Gunjoti, tq Omerga District, Osmanabad-413 613, Email: dilukulkarni@rediffmail.com) : Inhibition effects of phenols on corrosion of mild steel in three mineral acids. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3877-86.

Inhibition by phenols on the corrosion of mild steel in nitric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid media has been studied. A trend observed among the phenols in corrosion inhibition efficiency is p-cresol >> m-cresol > phenol > 2-naphthol > 1-naphthol> 2-nitrophenol. Amongst naphthols, 2-naphthol was stronger inhibitor than 1-naphthol which appears to be relative to their structures. In general 2-naphthol and p-cresol are found to be stronger inhibitor over the range of concentrations of acids used. While phenol m-cresol and 1-naphthol shown greater inhibition efficiency when they are applied at higher concentrations. 2-Nitrophenol shows oxidizing nature in all the acids over the range of concentrations used.

9 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

018441   Keyvanfard M;Pouretedal H R (Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad Univ, Majlsi Branch, Isfahan, Iran, Email: keyvan45638@yahoo.com) : Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Ag(I) using the oxidation of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-sulfophenylazo)naphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid trisodium salt with peroxodisulfate. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3747-54.

A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for determination of ultra trace amounts of silver(I) has been proposed. It is based on the oxidation of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-sultbphenylazq)naphth-.alene-3,6-disulfonic acid trisodium salt (SPADNS) by peroxidisulfate in acetate buffered solution at pH 3.5 and in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline as an activator at 35°C. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of SPADNS at 510 nm in time period of 0.5-5.5 min from initiation of the reaction. The method allows the determination of silver concentration in the range 2.0-100.0 ng/mL, with the detection limit of 0.26 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation for ten replicate determinations of 0.040 and 0.10 μg/mLAg(I) is 1.9 and 2.3%, respectively. The method has been applied to determination of silver in photographic solution and water.

5 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

018440   Kelkar V D;Kanase D G;Kadam S S;Takale S T (Chemistry Dep, Pune Univ, Pune-411 007, Email: vdkel@chem.unipune.ernet.in) : Chemical investigation of mixed ligand complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) with malonic acid and pyridine. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3597-3600.

The preparation and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with malonic acid as primary ligand and pyridine as secondary ligand has been reported. The composition of complexes is confirmed by chemical analysis, AAS, TGA and electrical conductivity. The general formulae of the mixed ligand complexes, malonate complexes and pyridine complexes are [M(MO)L₂], [M(MO)(H₂O)₄] and [M(L)₂Cl₂]. respectively where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II); MO = C₃H₂O₄ [malonic acid] and L = C₆H₅N [pyridine]. The magnetic moment values for the M(II) complexes are as per expected spin only values. The IR spectra of the complexes confirm the coordination of metal ion with ligands. The complexes seem to have possible tetrahedral geometry of mixed ligand complexes and pyridine complexes and octahedral geometry of malonate complexes.

2 tables, 11 ref

018439   Jin T S;Zhao R Q;Wang A Q;Li T S (College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei Univ, Baoding 071002, P.R. China, Email: jintongshou@yahoo.com.cn) : Synthesis of 4-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydrocoumarins in water. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3845-50.

A practical chemistry route to the synthesis of 4-ary!-7,7-dimethyl-5- oxo-3.4,5,6,7,8-hexahydrocoumarins from 5,5-dimethyl-1.3-cyclohexadion, isopropylidene malonate and aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by benzyltriethyl-ammonium bromide (BTEAB) in water is described. This method provides several advantages such as simple work-up procedure, mild reaction conditions and environment friendly. In addition, water was chosen as a green solvent.

1 table, 20 ref

018438   Jin T S;Zhao R Q;Li T S (College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei Univ, Booding 071002, P.R. China, Email: jintongshou@yahoo.com.cn) : Efficient and convenient procedure for preparation of 5-arylidene barbituric acid atalyzed by ZrO₂/SO₄<. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3815-20.

An efficient and convenient approach to the condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and barbituric acid using ZrO₂/SO₄^2- solid superacid as catalyst with grinding at room temperature (without any solvent) is described. This method provides several advantages such as neutral condition, high yields and environment friendly.

1 table, 17 ref

018437   Jin T S;Qi N;Li M;Han L S;Liu L B;Li T S (College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei Univ, Baoding 071002, P.R. China, Email: jintongshou@yahoo.com.cn) : One-pot synthesis of 9-aryl-1,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-octahydroxanthenes catalyzed by p-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid in aqueous media. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3803-9.

An efficient and convenient approach to the synthesis of 9-aryl-1,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-octahydro-xanthenes using p-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) as the catalyst (20 mol%) in aqueous media is described. This method provides several advantages such as environment friendly, high yields and simple work-up procedure. In addition, water was chosen as a green solvent.

1 table, 20 ref

018436   Jha R R;Sahu N (Chemistry Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi-834 008, Email: rajranjanjha@yahoo.co.in) : Multinuclear metal complexs of schiff base. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3681-7.

Multinuclear metal complexes of the type [M2(3-FSA-PDA)₂-nH₂O] and [M₄(3-FSA-PDA)₂-nH₂O]where 3 FSA-PDA is a schiff base, derived from 3-formylsalicyclic acid and p-phenylene diamine; M = copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II), n = 2 or 4 have been isolated. These have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, spectral studies, magnetic and conductivity measurements and thermal analyses. In case of binuclear complexes the metal ions are attached to the inner coordination sphere having N₂O₂-chromosphore. They have planar/ tetrahedral geometry around them with a slightly lower magnetic moment values at room temperature, while in case of tetra nuclear complexes the inner coordination sphere and outer having N₂O₂ and O₄^- chromophores, respectively. They show strong anti ferromagnetic interaction due to the presence of an oxo-bridge. Both bi and tetranuclcar complexes are non-electrolytes in dioxane as evidenced from their low molar conductance values. IR and thermal analyses data of the tetranuclear complexes suggest the presence of coordinated water molecules.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

018435   Jamode V S;Jawanjal S D (Chem Dep, Sant Gadge Baba amravati Univ, amravati-444602) : Antimicrobial activity of 3,5-diaryl-4-bromo-1-substituted pyrazols. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3340-44.

1-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dichloropheny!)-3-aryl-2-bromo-propan-l,3-diones were prepared by the action of bromine on 1 -(2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-aryl-propan-1,3-diones. The 3,5-diaryl-4-bromo-l-substituted pyrazoles have been synthesized by refluxing l-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-aryl-2-bromo-propan-l,3-diones with isonicotinic acid hydrazide, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide in ethyl alcohol for about 2.5 h in basic medium. The structures of these compounds have been characterized by spectral analysis (NMR and IR). Purity of these heterocycles was checked by TLC. These compounds were testred for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacterial and are found to have remarkable activity.

1 Sch, 2 tables, 12 ref

018434   Izgi B (Chemistry Dep, Science and Art Faculty, Uludag Univ, 16059 Bursa, Turkey, Email: belgin@uludag.edu.tr) : Characterization of cherry juices by pattern recognition analysis. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3967-77.

Provenance analysis has become important role for controlling process of public health and environment. Multivariate data analysis is used most commonly to give information about similarities, relationships, origin of the species from different sources. In this study, eight different cherry juices available in the market in Turkey were analyzed for their metal content, total sugar, titratable acidity and pH. The results were examined by pattern recognition (PARC) techniques. It was showed that samples could be clustered into three groups including subgroups. By this way, some of the characteristics of the cherries like geographical origin, the production processes and environmental parameters were explained.

4 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

018433   Ismaeel A R (NO, , Abd-Elmagied Badawy ST Building No.4, Omraneyah, Giza, Egypt, Email: riadbasha2003@yahoo.co.uk) : Corrosion inhibition mechanism concerning adsorption of sulphate, hydrogen sulphate anions and benzotriazol from sulfuric acid solutions on heterogeneous steel surface. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3688-96.

The adsorption of benzotriazol on heterogeneous steel surface from F₂SO₄ solutions of different concentrations was studied by its corrosion inhibition effectiveness. A mechanism of corrosion and corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by benzotriazol illustrate the dual effect of enhancing and competitive influences of sulfate and hydrogen sulfate anions with benzotriazol for adsorption on steel surface. Ismaeel adsorption isotherm for adsorption of multicomponent with different molecular sizes and action on heterogeneous surface is applicable to experimental results at all H₂SO₄ and benzotriazol concentrations. It gives values of adsorption free energy change (ΔG) and heterogeneity parameter (m), which agree with inhibition mechanism and explain the decrease of surface coverage (6) with benzotriazol as acid concentration increase.

3 illus, 19 ref

018432   Islamoglu F;Kahveci B;Ozil M;Akyuz E (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Rize Univ, Rize 53100, Turkey, Email: fatihislamoglu53@hotmail.com) : Protonation constants of some triazoles in ethanol-water mixtures. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3569-78.

Several studies, involving the formation and investigation of biological activities of some triazoles derivatives. These derivatives have weak acidic properties. The stoichiometric protonation constants of 17 triazoles (3 series) in ethanol-water mixtures were determined at an ionic strength of 0.10 M NaCI and at 25.0 ±0.1 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. A potentiometric method was used and the calculation was carried out using the PKAS computer program. The corresponding pK_a values of these triazoles were determined in ethanol-water mixtures mixtures. Thus, the effects of solvent and molecular structure upon acidity were investigated. The logarithm of the protonation constants of the triazoles decreased linearly with increasing ethanol content. The variation of these constants is discussed on the basis of specific solute-solvent interactions.

3 illus, 2 tables, 43 ref

018431   Ince H;Coskun N (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical Univ, 34469, Maslak-Istanbul, Turkey, Email: hince@itu.edu.tr) : Determination of heavy metals in fruit juices by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(5), 3537-42.

Direct determination of Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Zn. Pb, Na, Mg, Ca and K in commercially available fruit juices in Turkish markets, which are often consumed in daily nutrition, was carried out by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). It was found that the average values were below the tolerance limits of analytes. The detection limits (3σ values, N = 10) lie between 1.8 and 4.7 μg L^-1 depending on the element. The results were compared with the average daily intake amounts permitted as well as the values written on the packages.

3 tables, 13 ref

018430   He R;Chen J;Huang Z;Yin J;Yang C (Chemistry Dep, Yunnan Univ, Kunming-650091, P.R. China, Email: herongdd@126.com) : Determination of vanadium, niobium and tantalum by HPLC using 2-(2-Quinolinylazo)-resorcin as pre-column derivatization reagent. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3851-61.

A new method for analysis of vanadium, niobium and tantalum as metal chelates of 2-(2-quinolinylazo)-resorcin (QAR) was developed using high performance liquid chro-matography. The vanadium, niobium and tantalum ions were pre-column derivatized with QAR to form coloured chelates. The V-QAR, Nb-QAR, Ta-QAR were enriched by solid phase extraction with C_ix cartridge. The enrichment factor of 100 was achieved by eluted the retained chelates from the cartridge with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The chelates were separated on a ZORBAX Stable Bound, 4.6 x 50 mm, 1.8 μm rapid analytical column with acetonitrile-water (42:58, v/v) containing 0.01 mol L^-1 pH 4.5 phosphatic buffer and 0.01 mol L^-1 of citrate as mobile phase. The vanadium, niobium and tantalum chelates were separated completely within 2.5 min. The detection limits (S/N=3) of vanadium, niobium and tantalum are 3.2, 3.2 and 3.8 ngL^-1, respectively. This method was applied to the determination of vanadium, niobium and tantalum in alloy steel, water and geologic samples with good results.

3 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

018429   He R;Chen J;Huana Z;Yin J;Yang G (Chemistry Dep, Yunnan Univ, Kunming-650 091, Email: herongdd@126.com) : Determination of mercury and selenium in tobacco by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3831-8.

A new method for the determination of mercury and selenium in tobacco by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). using isotope dilution calibration was studied. The samples were digested with aqua regia in a microwave oven. The isotope ratios used for quantification were ²⁰¹Hg/²⁰²Hg and ⁷⁷Se/⁸²Se. A NaBH₄ solution was used as reducing agent. Five certified tobacco samples were analyzed and the obtained concentrations were in good agreement with the certified values. The detection limits in the sample were 0.5 and 2 ng g^{-1, for mercury and selenium respectively. The method is precise, accurate and rapid.}

1 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

018428   Hazra K;Saravanan J;Mohan S (Pharmacutical Chemistry Dep, PES College of Pharmacy, BSK-1st Stage, Hanumanthnagar, Bangalore-560 050, Email: kuntal252003@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and antiinflammatory evaluation of some new thiophene analogs. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3541-4.

The synthesis of 2-amino-3-carboxyanilido-6-N-methyl piperidino thiophene (2) was synthesized via a multicompo-nent condensation between sulphur, N-methylpiperdin-4-one and cyanoacetanilide adapting Gewald reaction. It was condensed with different substituted aryl aldehydes to yield 10 thiophene analogs (3a-j). Later 2 was reacted with acetic anhydride and chloroacetylchloride to form 4 and 5. Finally compound 5 was reacted with morpholine and piperazine anhydrous to form 6 and 7. The compounds were characterized by spectral data and were subjected to antiinflammatory activity.

1 table, 6 ref

018427   Gur A;Selcuk A (Chem Dep, Sci Literature Fac, Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Van, Turkey, Email: aycangurbor@yahoo.com) : Dissolution mechanism of ulexite in sulphuric acid. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3345-52.

Study concerns an investigation of the dissolution mechanism of ulexite in H₂SO₄ solution for high solid to liquid ratios and the effect of acid concentration, the effect of S0₄^2- on the dissolution process, using H₂SO₄, HC1 + H₂SO₄ and H₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ solutions. The analysis of the experimental data show that increasing SO₄²⁺ concentration reduced dissolution rate because of the precipitation of a solid film of CaSO₄ and CaSO₂.H₂O, but increasing H₃O⁺ acid concentration increased the dissolution rate.

4 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

018426   Gupta R K;Prasad R;Pawan;Surander Singh (Chemistry Dep, Guru Jambeshwar Univ, Hisar-125 001, Email: rkgic@yahoo.com) : Vapour phase methylation of phenol over Ni_1-xMn_xFe₂O₄ type ferrospinels. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3780-9.

Methylation of phenol with methanol has been studied over Ni_1-xMn_xFe₂O₄ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) type ferrospinels prepared via low temperature co-precipitation method. Alkylation of phenol in vapour phase leads to o-methylation of phenol yielding o-cresol and 2,6-xylenol as the major products. A maximum yield of 18.3 and 62.1% were obtained for o-cresol and 2,6-xylenol, respectively with total ortho-selectivity ≥ 97% under optimized conditions of temperature 598 K, methanol/phenol ratio 6 and weight hour space velocity (WHSV) 0.5 h^-1. Phenol conversion and selectivity for o-cresol and 2,6-xylenol depends on the acidic-basic properties of the catalysts. The selectivity for o-cresol was maximum when x = 0, whereas 2,6-xylenol selectivity increases as the value of x increases and become maximum when x = 1. The catalyst characterization was made by XRD, FTIR, NH₃-TPD and BET-SA measurements.

7 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

018425   Gupta M K;Sharma P K;Ramesh Singh;Ansari S H (Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi-284128, Email: mkgupta2004@yahoo.com) : Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of Ricinus communis leaves. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3387-92.

Plants containing flavonoids have been reported to possess strong properties. The 50% methanolic extract of Ricinus communis leaves was screened for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties using standard procedures. The methanol extract exhibited IC₅₀ values of 4 1.40 ± 3.98 and 46.75 ± 08.73 μg/mL, respectively in DPPH and nitric oxide radical inhibition assays. These values were less than those obtained for ascorbic acid and quercetin, used as standards. In the in vivo experiments the extract treatment at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight dose caused a significant increase in the level of the catalase in the liver and the kidneys. A significant increase in the level of SOD in the liver was observed. The treatment also caused a significant decrease in the TEARS and increase in the ascorbic acid levels. These results suggest strong antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract of Ricinus communis leaves.

2 tables, 17 ref

018424   Gunasekaran S;Kanchana Devi M (Postgrad Dep Phys, Queen Mary's College, Chennai-600004, Email: kaanjanadevi@yahoo.co.in) : UV-vis spectroscopic investigation on hydrolysis of starch and starch-drug interaction. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3363-74.

Gymnema sylveslre, Pterocarpus marsupium and Madhumeha churnam are the widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by Siddha physicians. In order to estimate the drug activity of each compound, a novel concept namely hydrolysis of starch is applied. Chemically pure, wheat and corn starches are chosen along with human saliva as enzyme. Investigation of hydrolysis of these three kinds of starch by human saliva with and without the addition of antidiabetic drugs has been carried out with the help of UV-Vis tech-nique. Keeping the starch concentration fixed, drug concentration was varied and the variation in absorbance of the starch solution, which is directly proportional to the rate of hydrolysis of starch, has been studied in the range 200-600 nm.

6 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref