017431   Subashini R;Kawya A P;Arulprakash G (School of Science and Humanities, Chemistry Div, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: aprakash25@yahoo.co.uk) : Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 1-phenylpyrazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-one. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 275-8.

A series of 1 -phenylpyrazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-ones, carrying appropriate substituents at the quinoline ring have been synthesized in good yields involving the condensation of 4-chloro-3-formylquinolin-2[1H]ones with phenylhydrazine using triethylamine as a base. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities.

2 tables, 12 ref

017430   Solankee S;Patel G;Kapadia K;Solankee A (Chemistry Dep, B.K.M. Science College, Valsad-396 001) : Synthesis and studies of some novel schiff bases and 4-thiazolidinones. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 391-3.

A new series of Schiff bases (2a-e) have been synthesized by the reaction between different aromatic aldehydes and 5-bromofuran-2-carbohydrazide (1). Schiff bases (2a-e) on cyclocondensation with thioglycolic acid resulted in 4-thiazolidinones (3a-e). The constitution of newly synthesised compounds were established on the basis of their physical data and spectral data.

1 table, 4 ref

017429   Singh D N;Verma N;Pathak L P (K.S. Saket P.G. College, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh Univ, Faizabad-224 001) : Synthesis and antiviral activity of some novel N-substituted benzimidazolyl thiazolopyrimidines. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 375-9.

Condensation of 2,3-dihydro-5-oxo-7-(3-pyridyl) thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidine-6-carboxilic acid 2 with o-phenylenediamine in refluxing 3 N HCl affords new 2,3-dihydro-5-oxo-6-(2-benzimidazolyl)-7-(3-pyridyl) thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidine 3 and a series of novels N-substituted benzimidazolyl thiazolo pyrimidine derivatives 4-9 have been synthesized from 3 by the nucleophilic substitution reaction in presence of base. Some of the compounds were screened for antiviral activities in vitro but two of them (8-9) exhibited significant activities.

14 ref

017428   Shelke S N;Chaudhari C S;Randhavane P V; Nirmal P R;Karale B K;Gill C H (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, S.S.G.M. College, Kopargaon, Ahmednagar-423 601) : Synthesis and characterization of various pyrazolyl heterocycles from 3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbaldehydes. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 503-7.

3-Aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbaldehydes 1 are treated with 1 -(naphthalen-6-yl)-ethanone 2 in 40% KOH to get compounds 3-(3-aryl-1 -phenyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1 -(naph-thalen-7-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones 3. Compounds 3 when treated with hydrazine hydrate gave 3-aryl-4-(4,5-dihydro-3-(naphthalen-7-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1-phenyl-1 H-Pyrazoles 4 and with o-aminothiophenol to obtain 2-(3-aryl-1 -phenyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)benzo[1,4] thiazepines 5 whereas with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in alcoholic KOH followed by heating in acetic acid affords 3-aryl-4-(4,5-dihydro-3-(naphthalen-7-yl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1 -phenyl-1 H-pyrazoles.

1 table, 31 ref

017427   Sharma K P;Dikshit S N;Sharma H K (Chemical Laboratories, SMS Government Science College, Gwalior-474 009, Email: harendrasharmachem@yahoo.com) : Synthesis of some new photosensitizer cyanine dyes. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 817-19.

A series of new cyanine dyes has been synthesized by the reaction of p-dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde with meth and ethiodide of 5-arylamino-2-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole and quinaldines in ethanol using piperidine as catalyst. Absorption spectra structure relationships of the synthesized cyanine dyes were discussed.

^ssc1 table, 13 ref

017426   Shamsul Alam M D;Arifuzzaman Khan G M;Abdur Razzaque S M;Alam M N;Mondal M I H (Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology Dep, Islamic University, Kusthtia, Bangladesh, Email: gm_arifuzzaman@yahoo.com) : Swelling property of the polyacrylamide hydrogel prepared by γ-ray irradiation. J Polym Mater 2008, 25(4), 645-51.

Polyacrylamide hydrogel has been synthesized by introducing y-radiation in the range of O. 4 to 5.0 kGy from ⁶⁰C_o source for 10, 15,20 & 25% aqueous acrylamide monomer solutions. The influences of concentration, dose, time and pH on swelling property of prepared hydrogel has been investigated. The degree of swelling is observed to be higher in case of lower concentrations and doses than higher ones. The rate of degree of swelling decreases with the increase of dose upto 1 kGy then it remains almost constant. The swelling increase rapidly with time for first 48 h then slowly to 96 h and becomes nearly constant from that time. The influence of monomer content in hydrogel sample on the swelling property, diffusional behaviour of water and diffusion coefficient have also been studied. The swelling enhances with the rise of pH due to the change of ionic content of the solvent. Maximum degree of swelling is found at neutral pH. Water desorption of hydrogel occurs within 48 h for 10 to 15% monomer concentrations, within 72 h for 20 to 25% monomer concentrations and then becomes stable. Initially, increase of desorption is so rapid and it seems that water has no affinity to gel.

6 illus, 22 ref

017425   Sathish T;Udyakiran D;Himabindu K;Lakshmi Durga Sridevi P;Kezia D;Bhojaraju P (Bioengineering and Environmental Engineering Center, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: satish.tadikamalla@gmail.com) : HPLC method for the determination of lycopene in crude oleoresin extracts. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 139-48.

A simple and sensitive isocratic RP-HPLC method with spectrophotometric detection (475 nm) was developed and validated for the determination of lycopene in crude plant extracts. The method utilizes Supelcosil LC-18 column (150 x 4.6 mm), 3 μm particle size and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and tetrahydrofuran (70:25:5, % v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The retention times of lycopene and astaxanthin (internal standard) were 14.2 and 3.0 min, respectively and the total run time was 15 min. Experiments were conducted at room temperature in the absence of direct sunlight. Calibration graph of standard lycopene was linear in the concentration range of 200-1000 ng/mL with the detection limit of 50 ng/mL. The method was validated for the concentration range 0.2-1.0 mg/mL. Intra-and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 3.5.

4 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

017424   Saradhi S V;Devala Rao G;Sitaram B;Sri Deepthi R;Sujana J;Haritha Sandhya G (Biochemistry Dep, P.B. Siddhartha College of Arts and Science, Vijayawada-520 010) : Visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of a simvastatin in bulk and dosage forms. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 349-51.

A simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of Simvastatin in bulk and dosage forms. This method is based on the formation of colour species on binding of Simvastatin with the ligand Potassium Ferro Cyanide and Ferric Chloride of produce yellowish green coloured solution (λ_max at 420 nm). Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. This method is successfully employed for the determination of Simvastatin in various pharmaceutical preparations.

2 tables, 10 ref

017423   Sangawar V S;Meshram S D;Chikhalikar P S; Dhokne R J;Thool V S;Ubale A U (Polymer Research Laboratory, Govt Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati-444 604, Email: seemamesram@gmail.com) : Ultraviolet weathering of LDPE thin films. J Polym Mater 2008, 25(4), 563-75.

Thin films of unfilled low density polyethylene (LDPE) and LDPE filled with wood flour at weight percent (5, 25%) were exposed with UV radiation for different time intervals. The performance characteristics of unexposed and exposed films in terms of tensile strength, percent elongation at break as a function of filler concentration and exposure time were recorded. Decrease in tensile strength and percent elongation at break with increase in wood flour concentration and exposure time were observed. The samples were characterised by XRD, UV, FTIR and SEM. An attempt was made to explain the results obtained.

3 illus, 5 tables, 37 ref

017422   Samel A;Raman B (Chemistry Dep, K.J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce Vidyanagari, VIdyavihar, Mumbai-400 077, Email: samel.ar@rediffmail.com) : Simultaneous estimation of related impurities of tizanidine hydrochloride in its active pharmaceutical ingradient by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 176-82.

A simple method was developed for qualitative and quantitative estimation of tizarnidine hydrochloride and its five structurally related impurities using a reversed-phase liquid chromatography. This method was validated as per ICH guidelines for 'validation for analytical procedures' Q2B. The liquid chromatography was set up in UV detection mode at 310 nm. A separation was achieved between tizaruidine and all five impurities in a gradient programming using YMC Pack Pro C₁₈ (250 mm x 4.6 mm), 5 μ column at 1 mL/min flow rate. This method was established to be linear in a concentration range of (0.5-4.0 μg/mL) for all the components considered in this study. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were found to be (0.1-0.15 μg/mL) and (0.3-0.45 μg/mL) for tizanidine hydrochloride and its five related impurities, respectively. Recoveries of all spiked impurities in tizanidine hydrochloride were in a range of (95-105 %). Robustness and sample solution stability studies demonstrated the ruggedness of this method. This method is simple, sensitive and provides precisely accurate results.

1 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

017421   Saavedra A;Rojas L B;Chataign B;Usubillaga A (Escuela de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanalisis, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, Email: usubillaga@intercable.net.ve) : Composition of essential oil from the leaves of Acnistus arborescens (L) schlecht from the Venezuelan Andes. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2008, 11(2), 168-70.

Essential oil from the leaves of Acnistus arborescens (L) Schlecht growing around Merida, Venezuela, was isolated by hydrodistillation. This plant is distributed all over the American continent and it is used in folk medicine in the treatment of cancer. The chemical composition of the leaf oil was determined by GC-FID and GC-MS. The most abundant components were (Z)-hex-2-enal (40.7%) and estragol (25.6%).

1 table, 10 ref

017420   Rosas N;Salcedo R;Sharma P;Arias J L;Arellano I;Cabrera A (NO, Instituto de Quimica, UNAM Circuito Extrior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico, Email: noe@servidor.unam.mx) : O-alkylation versus C-alkylation in th synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-4H-oxacin-4-ones: theoretical approach. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 541-8.

The condensation of α-ketoalkynes with p-nitrobenzalde-hyde, in the presence of lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA) used as a strong base, results exclusively in the O-alkylation product i.e., the 5,7-dialkyl-6-(4-nitro-phenyl)-2-phenyl-8-phenylethynyl-5,6-dihydro-ox acin-4-ones. No C-alkylation product was found. The energy calculation of the two possible transition states shows a preferentially low activation energy for the 8-endo-dig cyclization pathway.

5 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

017419   Reddy T S;Satpute R S;Nair J K;Gore G M; Sikder A K (High Energy Meterials Research Laboratory, , Pune-411 021) : Synthesis, characterization ad thermal studies on poly (2-methyl-5-vinyl tetrazole): an insensitive energetic binder. J Polym Mater 2008, 25(4), 557-62.

Poly (2-methyl-5-vinyl tetrazole) (PMVT), an insensitive polymer binder, particularly for propellant and plastic bonded explosive compositions has been synthesized. Acrylonitrile was polymerized to poly acrylonitrile which was tetrazolated to give polyvinyl tetrazole (PVT) and further methylated give PMVT. The polymers were characterized by IR and NMR. Intrinsic Viscosity of PAN and PVT was determined and Viscosity average molecular weight (M v) was calculated. oetailue thermal analysis was carried out using OSC and TGA. Life assessment of PMVT was also studied. PMVT has positive heat of formation, is thermally stable and insensitive to impact and friction. The molecular weight of PMVT was found to be 1, 30, 000.

6 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

017418   Rao T V;Vidyadhara S (Bapatla College of Pharmacy, , Bapatla, Guntur (D)-522 101) : Spectophotometric determination of aceclofenac from bulk and tablet dosage form. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 509-11.

A few simple, sensitive spectrophotometric method in ultra violet region has been developed for the development of Aceclofenac in bulk and from Pharmaceuticals dosage forms. Aceclofenac exhibited maximum absorbance at 275 nm and obey Beers law, in concentration range of 2-20 mcg/ml. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method.

2 tables, 7 ref

017417   Ramadevi P;Subramaniam G;Pitchammal V; Ramanathan R (Chemistry Dep, V.S.S. Government Arts College, Pulankuruchi, Sivagangai Distt-630 413) : Synthesis and characterization of cobalt (II) complex with 1-phenyl tetrazoline-5-thione. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 551-7.

Bis (1-Phenyl tetrazoline-5-thione) Cobalt (II) Complex was synthesised and its Infrared absorption spectra and Raman spectra was studied. The study of the complex is made to analyse the structural studies. 1-Phenyltetrazoline-5-thione is the organic molecule considered for our study, which is called as ligand. Infrared spectra and Raman spectra for the ligand as well as for the Co(II) metal complex were compared to ascertain the binding of the metal ion. The structure of the metal complex is confirmed by spectral analysis.

4 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

017416   Ramadevi P;Ramanathan R (Chemistry Dep, V.S.S. Government Arts College, Pulankuruchi, Sivagangai Distt.-630 413) : Synthesis and characterization of nickel (II) complex with 1-phenyl tetrazoline-5-thione. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 565-72.

Bis (1-Phenyl tetrazoline-5-thione) Nickel (II) complex was synthesized and its IR absorption spectra and Raman spectra were studied. The organic molecule 1-Phenyl tetrazoline-5-thione is the ligand. IR spectra and Raman spectra for the ligand as well as for the Ni(ll) metal complex were compared to ascertain the binding of the metal ion. The structure of the metal complex is confirmed by spectral analysis.

4 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

017415   Rakesh Kumar;Dutta P K;Yadav R K (Civil Engineering Dep, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211 004, Email: rkpat@mnnit.ac.in) : Preparation and characterization of hybrid nanocomposite powder of iron oxide/polypyrrole-polythiophene. J Polym Mater 2008, 25(4), 637-43.

The development in the area of sensing technology has lead to the use of various oxides being used as sensor. More recently, researchers have focused their attention towards nanocomposites of inorganic/ - organic hybrid materials for their better sensing capability and stability The present study deals with the preparation of nanocomposite of iron oxide-polypyrrole and iron oxide- polypyrrole - poly thiophene with varying composition by sol-gel route. The composites were characterized by FTIR, EPM, TGA and DSC.

5 illus, 6 ref

017414   Raju K V;Babu P R;Patrudu T P (Engineering Chemistry Dep, College of Engineering, , Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh) : Determination of vanadium(V) and vanadium(IV) in presence of pyrophosphate and acetic acid medium. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 403-5.

A simple, accurate and convenient potentiometric method have been developed for the analysis of synthetic binary transition metal mixture vanadium(V) + vanadium(IV) using iron(II) as a reductant in phosphoric acid medium. The method consists in titrating a metal ion mixture with iron(II) in acetic acid medium and in presence of pyrophosphate.

1 table, 10 ref

017413   Raju K V;Babu P R;Patrudu T P (Applied Chemistry Dep, College of Engineering, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh) : Potentiometric determination of vanadium(V) with iron(II) in presence of pyrophosphate and acetic acid medium. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 395-7.

A direct potentiometric method has been developed for the determination of vanadium(V) in the range 5-30 mg with iron(II) in presence of pyrophosphate and acetic acid medium.

1 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

017412   Rad-Moghadam K;Montazeri N (Chemistry Dep, Islamic Azad Univ of Tonekabon, Tonekabon, Iran, Email: montazer50@yahoo.com) : Coumarin synthesis via pechmann condensation on silica-supported sulfuric acid under microwave irradiation. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 499-503.

4-Methyl coumarin derivatives were synthesized from substituted phenols and ethyl acetoacetate via pechmann condensation under microwave and solvent-free conditions using silica-supported sulfuric acid as the catalyst.

1 table, 28 ref

017411   Pino J A;Quijano-Celis C E;Fuentes V (NO, Instituto de Investigaciones para la industria Alimenticia Carretera, km 31/2, La Habana 19200, Cuba, Email: jpino@iiia.edu.cu) : Volatile compounds of Tulbaghia violacea Harv.. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2008, 11(2), 203-7.

Chemical composition of the volatile compounds from aerial parts of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. was studied by GC and GC/-MS. Ninety-three compounds were identified, many of them were sulphur compounds. Major volatiles were bis(methy lythiomethyl) disulfide (48.2 % of the total composition) and methyl-2-thioethyl thiomethyl trisulfide (16.3 %).

1 table, 4 ref

017410   Patel V M;Patel N K B (Shree J.P. Arts & Science College, Bharuch, Gujarat) : 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-bromo-α-phenylactophenone oxime [DHB-α-PAO] as an analytical reagent: studies on Cu(II) chelate. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 407-11.

2,4-dihydroxy-5-bromo-α-phenylacetophenone oxime [DHB-α-PAO] has been used for the gravimetric and spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II) at p^H = 5.5. Job's method of continuous variation and Yoe and Jones mole ratio method show metahligand ratio in the complex to be 1 : 2. The molar absorptivity of complex at 440 nm was found to be 4.62 x 10⁺² Lit.mol^-1. cm^-1 and Sandell's sensitivity was found to be 0.1375 μg/cm². The stability constant determined spectrophotometrically is found to be 1.647 x 10⁹ and Gibb's free energy change for complex formation reaction is calculated to be -12.652 K. cal/mole. The Beer law is obeyed up to 34.31 ppm of Cu(II) ion at 440 nm. The magnetic susceptibility measurement showed the complex to be paramagnetic. From TGA studies, the energy of activation for the decomposition step has been calculated using Broido method. It was found to be 43.90 K. cal/mole. The reagent has been successfully applied to the determination of Cu(ll) in drained micretch solution.

5 tables, 17 ref

017409   Patel V M;Patel N B (NO, Shree J.P. Arts & Science College, Bharuch, Gujarat) : 2,4-dihydroxy-5-bromo-α-phenylacetophenone oxime [DHB-α-Pao] as an analytical reagent: studies on Nickel(II) chelate. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 427-30.

2,4-dihydroxy-5-bromo-a-phenylacetophenone oxime [DHB-α-PAO] has been used for the gravimetric and spectrophotometric determination of Ni(II) at p^H = 8.5. Job's method of continuous variation and Yoe and Jones mole ratio method show metahligand ratio in the complex to be 1:2. The molar absorptivity of complex at 430 nm is found to be 5.0 x 10⁺² Lit.mol^-1.cm^-1 and Sandell's sensitivity is found to be 0.1174 g/cm². The stability constant determined spectrophotometrically is found to be 2.58 x 10⁹ and Gibb's free energy change for complex formation reaction is calculated to be -12.920 K. cal/mole. The Beer law is obeyed up to 18.78 ppm of Ni(ll) ion at 430 nm. The magnetic susceptibility measurement showed the complex to be paramagnetic. From TGA studies, the energy of activation for the decomposition step has been calculated using Broido method. It was found to be 30.20 K.cal/mole and 7.31 K.cal/mole for the 1st and 2nd step decomposition respectively. The reagent has been successfully applied to the determination of Ni(ll) in Nickle-Aluminium Alloy.

2 tables, 18 ref

017408   Patel V A;Bhuva B D;Patel J P;Parsania P H (Polymer Chemistry Div, Saurashtra Univsity, Rajkot-360 005, Email: phparsania@aol.com) : Synthesis and property studies of PEG-400/600-9, 9'-bis (4-hydroxy phenyl) anthorne-10- formaldehyde - toluene diisocyanate copolyurethanes. J Polym Mater 2008, 25(4), 577-88.

BANF-TDI and BANF-TDI-PEG-400/600 copolyurethanes were synthesized at room temperature. Formation of copolyurethanes was supported by FTIR and characterized for their thermal, mechanical and electrical properties and also for their water uptake study against water, 10% each of aqueous NaCl, HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, NaOH and KOH. Density, tensite strength and volume resistivity were found to decrease with increase in PEG molecular weight, while electric strength was found to increase. Copolyurethanes possess excellent hydrolytic stability against water, acidic, alkaline and saline environments. Water uptake tendency was found to increase with increase in PEG molecular weight. PUs are thermally stable up to about 115-120°C, followed second order degradation kinetics and involved high amount of residue above 475°C. Increase in PEG molecular weight did not affect thermal stability but T_max has increased considerably. Endothermic transitions above 200°C are due to degradation reaction.

6 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

017407   Patel H S;Patel J A (Chemistry Dep, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Synthesis, characterization and glass reinforcement of poly(Amido-imide)s. J Polym Mater 2008, 25(4), 509-17.

Poly(amido-imide)s (PAl)s were prepared by the intermolecular Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of N-N'-1, 3-phenylene bis[(2-furanyl methylamino)acetamide] (PBFA) with various bismaleimides. The DA reaction was carried out in tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, as well as in bulk, followed by aromatization of sodium acetate intermediates in the presence of acetic anhydride. All the polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral studies and thermogravimetry. The PAIs exhibit moderate thermal stability PBFA and bismaleimides were polymerized (at 145± 10°C) by insitu DA intermolecular reaction into moderately thermally stable PAls- glass fiber composite laminates and were characterized by their chemical resistance and mechanical properties.

3 tables, 21 ref

017406   Patel H S;Desai S N (Chemistry Dep, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: hsp13152@rediffmail.com) : Novel polyimide system based on nitro-displacement/diels-alder reaction - V. J Polym Mater 2008, 25(4), 519-27.

Poly(ether-imide)s were prepared by two simultaneous reactions i.e. Diels Alder reaction and nitro-displacement reaction. Thus 3-Nitrophthalic anhydride was reacted with furfuryl amine and the resultant amic acid was then reacted with six bismaleimides (2a-f) and disodium salt of 4, 4' -thiobisphenol. The obtained polymers (i.e. polyetheramic acids) were treated with acetic anhydride to form cyclic imide, as well as aromatization of Diels-Alder (DA) adduct. So called poly(ether-imide)s (PEls) were characterized by IR spectral studies and thermogravimetry. The 'insitu' polymerization on glass fibres was also carried out and the laminates were characterized by physical, mechanical and chemical properties.

4 tables, 22 ref

017405   Parul Rani;Pankaj Kumar;Bhati S K (Chemistry Dep, D.N. (P.G.) College, Meerut-250 002) : Phenothiazinyl oxo/thio barbituric acid derivatives as biologically active agents. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 353-60.

In the designing of newer anticonvulsant agents few modifications in the phenothiazine moiety have been successfully utilized to yield the therapeutically useful derivatives. A number of 2-triflouro methyl-10-(heterocyclic amino/hydrazino methylene) acetyl phenothiazines have been prepared in the study. The structures of these compounds have been confirmed by IR, ¹HNMR and mass spectra. Newly synthesized potent derivatives of phenothiazine have been evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity.

1 table, 12 ref

017404   Pandey H K;Satija A;Kotiya D;Bhojak N (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner Univ, Bikaner-334 003) : Preconcentration and separation of Cr(III) by the use of modified naphthalene. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 435-7.

Use of amide group containing ligand have been explored as a potential extract for the trace determination of Cr(lll) in various samples. For this purpose technique of preconcentration is reported by the use of modified naphthalene. The method was found suitable in the pH range of 5.0-6.5 and Beer's law was valid upto 15 ppm. A method have been developed for the estimation of Cr(lll) in the sample of vitamins.

7 ref

017403   Omidbaigi R;Kazemi S;Daneshfar E (Horticulture Dep, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares, Univ, P.O. Box 16415-381, Tehran-Iran, Email: romidbaigi@yahoo.com) : Harvest time effecting on the essential oil content and compositions of Thymus vulgaris. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2008, 11(2), 162-7.

Highest essential oil content (2.41 %) was extracted from the herb, produced at beginning of flowering stage, and the lowest amount (0.67 %) at seed ripening stage. The essential oils content of herb of plants harvested before flowering, full flowering, and at fruit set stage were: 1.59, 1.51 and 0.69 % respectively. GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil showed that harvest time had effect on the essential oil compositions of Thymus vulgaris. Twenty-four components were found in the essential oil extracted from the herb harvested before flowering stage. But 23, 21, 23 and 23 components in the essential oil extracted from the herbs, which were collected at beginning of flowering, full flowering, fruit set and at seed ripening stages respectively. The major component of the essential oil was thymol. The highest thymol content (57.1 %) was identified in the oil of the herb, which was collected before flowering stage and the lowest amount (48.0 %) harvested at seed ripening stage. Other essential oil constituents affected by harvest time were: γ-terpinene (9.5-19.7 %),p-cymene (6.8-20.0 %), linalool (1.6-2.7 %), carvacrol (2.4-3.2 %), E-caryophyllene (1.4-2.2 %), α- terpinene (1.3-2.0 %), β- pinene (1.3-1.8 %), and borneol (0.3-1.7 %).

1 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

017402   Nikam P S;Nikumbh A B;Hiray A P;Kapadnis K H (P.G. Dep of Physical Chemistry, L.V.H. College, Panchvati, Nasik-422 003) : Volumetric and viscometric studies of sugar solutions in aqueous NaCl and NaBr at 298.15K. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 513-17.

Apparent molar volumes and viscosities of glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose solutions have been determined in water and in aqueous solutions of NaCI and NaBr (0.5M) at 298.15K from densities and efflux time measurements respectively. Partial molar volumes and B-coefficients have been obtained. These quantities have been discussed in terms of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions.

3 tables, 11 ref

017401   Nair S M;Bhattacharya I (Chemistry Dep, R.D. National and W.A. Science College, Mumbai-400 050, Email: soumyanair2000@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and physiological activities of some imines and their β-lactams. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 504-10.

The compounds 4-[N-(4-nitro phenyl) methylidinyl] resorcinol (I), 4-[N-(4-methyl phenyl)methylidinyl]resorcinol (II), 4-[N-(4-methoxy phenyl) methylidinyl]resorcinol (III), 4-[N-(4-chloro phenyl)methylidinyl]resorcinol (IV) and 4-[N-(4-bromo phenyl) methylidinyl]resorcinol (V) have been synthesized by refluxing resorcinol and p-chloro aniline with triethylorthoformate. The products formed were further used to prepare their respective β-lactams 3-(chloro)-4-[(2,4-dichloro-acetoxy)phenyl]-1-(4-nitro phenyl)azetidin-2-one (VI), 3-(chloro)-4-[(2,4-dichloroacetoxy)phenyl]-1-(4-methyl phenyl)azetidin-2-one (VII), 3-(chloro)-4-[(2,4-dichloro-acetoxy)phenyl]-1-(4-methoxy phenyl)azetidin-2-one (VIII), 3-(chloro)-4-[(2,4-dichloroacetoxy)phenyl]-1-(4-chloro phenyl)azetidin-2-one (IX) and 3-(chloro)-4-[(2,4-dichloro-acetoxy)phenyl]-1-(4-bromo phenyl)azetidin-2-one (X) by using chloroacetylchloride and dry triethylamine. The compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental and spectral data and screened for their antimicrobial activity.

2 tables, 8 ref

017400   Muthukumar M;Balasubramanian V (Chemistry Dep, Mahendra Arts & Science College, Kalipatti-636 501, Email: mahendramuthu@yahoo.com) : Iodination, bromination and isocyanation reactions of β-diketonates of lanthanum(III), cerium(IV), thorium(IV) and Uranyl(VI). Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 737-44.

The reactions of coordinate ligands throw light on synthetic thodology to prepare macrocyclic molecules on the basis of template effect. Explains iodination, bromination, isocyanation reactions conducted on coordinated β-diketonates of lanthanum(III), cerium(IV) thorium(IV) and uranyl(VI).

2 tables, 33 ref

017399   Muthukumar M;Balasubramanian V (Chemistry Dep, Mahendra Arts & Science College, Kalipatti-636 501, Email: mahendramuthu@yahoo.com) : Theoretical studies on structure of structure of acetylacetonates of Z(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II). Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 716-24.

The molecular geometry of certain acetylacetonates of d¹⁰ metals are investigated through quantum mechanical studies. Using ab initio molecular orbital (MO) computations the studies on acetylacetonates of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) are presented. The interesting feature of the present structural analysis is that it reflect delocalization in the chelate rings.

4 tables, 20 ref

017398   Murali Krishna M P S;Moses G S;Murali Krishna K V S G (Chemistry Dep, Government Polytechnic, Nandigama-520 002, Email: anda1143@gmail.com) : Synthesis and photocatalytic degradation of dimer model compounds of lignin ovber UV irradiated TiO₂. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 11-22.

The effluents of paper mill contain lignin as major constituent. Lignin is a bio polymer and it has less affinity to undergo biodegradation, therefore it persists in water. Model dimer compounds synthesized from coniferyl alcohol, p-coumrylic acid and sinapyl alcohol. The epoxides of respective alcohols are obtained by m-chloroperbenzoic acid oxidation on double bonds. In presence of sodium hydroxide the epoxides are refluxed with coniferyl alcohol, p-coumrylic acid and sinapyl alcohol, respectively so that dimers are formed. The reaction products are isolated by flash chromatography. An attempt has been made to subject photo-catalysis of model compounds using aqueous TiO₂ suspension. For the experimental setup fabricated, the optimum mass of catalyst and pH of aqueous media suitable for optimum possible degradation was investigated. Initially, the absorption characteristics of model compounds prepared are determined. The influence of the nature of phenolic units on photo degradation has been investigated by comparing the initial degradation rates. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics constant parameters evaluated. Kinetics of chemical oxygen demand and phenolic contents studied and based on the results path of degradation proposed.

12 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

017397   Mishra B N;Prabhat Kumar;Sharma R N (Chemistry Dep, K.N. Government Postgraduate College, Gyanpur, Bhadohi-221 304, Email: bhaskara_nandmishra@rediffmail.com) : Physico-chemical and bio-chemical studies of some organoruthenium(II) complexes with mixed ligand physiologically active substituted quinazole-4-one. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 771-4.

Mixed ligand complexes of ruthenium chelate of oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur containing ligand 2-mercapto-3-phenyl quinazole-4-one having general formula (RuH(Z)(Pφ₃)_n (QPMTH)_m Cl] (where Z = CO/CS, if n =1 or 2 and then m = 2 or 1, QPMTH = 2-mercapto-3-phenyl quinazole-4-one) have been prepared and characterized by IR, UV spectral data, magnetic and conductance measurements. IR spectra of complexes suggest the coordination of ligand through sulphur atom and Pφ₃, CS and CO are present as secondary ligands in complextion. UV spectral data and magnetic moment values of the complexes suggest octahedral geometry and molar conductance values of the complexes support their non-electrolytic nature.

1 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

017396   Mishra A K;Niranjan Lal;Anand S (Chemistry Dep, D.N. College, Meerut-250 002) : Transition metal complex formation by Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), & Zn(II) with 2-amino 4-P-fluoro phenyl thiazole with pyridine as co-ligands. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 419-22.

Metal complex of CO(II), Ni(ll), Cu(ll) and Zn (II) having general composition (MI₂X₂) has been prepared where L₂ = 2 Amino-4-p fluoro phenyl thiazole (AFPT) and x=Pyridine & M=Cu(ll), Ni (II), CO(II) & Zn(II). The characterization of the ligand as well as metal complexes have been made on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility. Infrared spectra & electronic spectra. On the basis of above observation the ligand L₂ has been found to act in bidentate manner co-ordinating to the metal ion through the nitrogen atom of the ligand. The remaining vacant sites will be occupied by pyridine. The geometry of the complexes are proposed to be octohedral in nature on the basis of magnetic susceptibility and electronic spectra of the ligand.

3 tables, 17 ref

017395   Mirza M;Baher Nik Z (NO, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran, Email: mirza@rifr.ac,ir) : Chemical composition of the essential oil of Senecio leucostachys Baker. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2008, 11(2), 179-83.

Essential oil obtained by steam distillation from the leaves of cultivated Senecio leucostachys Baker, was examined by GC and GC-MS. The yield of total volatile was 0.8 % (w/w). A total of thirty-one compounds were characterized representing of about 98.6 % of the total components detected. Based on the analysis of essential oil, the components were classified in three groups. Oil was characterized by a high content of monoterpenes which composed 54.7 % of the oil. The major components were sabinene (20.7%), α-phellandrene (19.7 %), germacrene D (10.8 %) and β-caryophyllene (8.2%). Other components present in appreciable amounts were bicyclogermacrene (4.0 %), benzyl benzoate (3.2 %), α-cedrene (2.6 %) and (E)-β-ocimen (2.2 %).

1 table, 15 ref

017394   Maurya P;Harikant;Singh A K;Tiwari N (Chemistry Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-221 002) : Chemical examination of Leucaena leucocephala. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 525-7.

A new glycpside 5, 7-dimethoxy myricetin-3-O-α-L-xylopyranosyl-(4 → 1)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has been isolated from the bark of Leucaena leucocephala.

9 ref

017393   Mathur P N;Loonker S;Sharma A;Rehdu N (Chemistry Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 001) : Aluminium extraction by means of dihydroximate of iminodiacetic acid derivative of chitosan. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 197-201.

Aluminium extraction was studied by means of ion selective chelating ion exchange resin synthesized form cross linked chitosan functionalized with iminodiaceticacid dihydroximate. The separation is carried out by column chromatography. IR spectra, nitrogen content (calculated by Kjeldahl method) and pH titration (using batch method) were made for resin characterization. Resin characteristics such as moisture content, bulk density, specific bulk volume and ion exchange capacity were also determined by standard methods. Metal uptake analysis was done by batch method using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The distribution coefficient values at different pH levels were determined from batch method. Estimation of Al (III) was done by U.V. Spectrophotometer at 535nm. Aluminium showed maximum Dg value at pH 2.0.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

017392   Mahramanlioglu M;Ozgen O (Chemistry Dep, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Univ, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey, Email: mehmah@istanbul.edu.tr) : Adsorption of α-picoline and γ-picoline on the adsorbent produced from spent bleaching earth. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 635-43.

Adsorbents were produced from spent bleaching earth and the individual adsorption of α-picoline and γ-picoline by them was studied as a function of time, pH and initial concentration. The adsorption process for both solutes followed the first order Lagergren equation and the rate constants of the adsorption were calculated for each solute. Rate constants of intraparticle diffusion were also calculated for each solute. The adsorption capacities were obtained from the Langmuir isotherm. In order to understand adsorption mechanism, Giles isotherm was used and adsorption type for each solute was determined. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed between pH: 8.13 and 8.77.

11 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

017391   Konuskan D B;Didin M (Food Engineering Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal Univ, Hatay, Turkey, Email: dilsat@cu.edu.tr) : Characterization of virgin olives produced in Hatay. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 269-74.

Physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acids compositions of virgin olive oils obtained from 36 different olive oil plant in Hatay province in 2001/2002 crop years were determined. The physical properties of oils were determined as follows; density 0.916-0.922 g/cm³, refractive index 1.4680-1.4699. viscosity at 20 °C, 68-78 cpu. The chemical properties of oils were determined as follows; free fatty acids 0.7-6.3 %, peroxide value 9.21-25.89 meqO₂/kg. Fatty acid compositions of the oils were found as follows; palmitic acid 10.84-15.81 %, palmitoleic acid 0.30-0.63 %, stearic acid 2.16-5.23 %, oleic acid 74.18-80.21 %, linoleic acid 4.12-7.40 % and linolenic acid 0.5-0.8 %.

2 tables, 16 ref

017390   Kiani F;Sharifi S;Rostami A A;Hagiaghajani S (Physical and Inorganic Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Chemistry, Mazandaran Univ, Mazandaran, Iran, Email: farhosh_kiani@yahoo.com) : Thermodynamic study of formation of the complexes of thorium(IV) with xylenol orange of different temperatures. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 475-83.

The stability constants of the complexes of thorium(IV) ion with xylenol orange were determined in aqueous solution at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C and also 0.1 mol dm^-3 ionic medium using a combination of potentiometric and spectrophotometric techniques. Sodium perchlorate was used to maintain the ionic strength. The composition of the formed complexes was determined and shown that thorium(IV) forms two mononuclear 1:1 species with the ligands, of the type Th(XO) and ThH₂(XO)₂ in the pH range of 2-6. The logarithms of the cumulative stability constants, β_xyz, of the complexes, [(Metal ion)_x (H⁺)_y (ligand)_z], are log β₁₁₁ and log β₁₂₂ : 8.58, 8.13, 7.89,7.64, 7.42 and 17.09, 16.84,16.64,16.49,16.33 at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C, respectively. Some thermodynamic parameters were also calculated at different temperatures. ΔG, ΔH and ΔS values were obtained -19.636 KJ mol^-1, -42.622 KJ mol^-1 and -77.095 J mol^-1 k^-1 for ThH(XO) and -41.330 KJ mol^-1, -27.768 KJ mol^-1 and 45.486 J mol^-1 k^-1 for ThH₂(XO)₂ at temperatures were related, respectively.

8 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

017389   Khatoon B A;Subhashchandran K P;Gurjar C; Vijayalekshmy K S (Chemistry Dep, Yuvaraja's College, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 005, Email: bakhatoon@rediffmail.com) : Cost-effective synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of polyphenyl amines. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 128-38.

Polyanilines were chemically synthesized by one step polymerization of aniline using 3 different oxidants-ammonium persulphate, potassium iodate and hydrogen peroxide. Standard redox potentials and redox couples were studied. The samples were characterized by UV, FTIR, FT Raman spectroscopy, X-ray ¹³C NMR and conductivity of polyanilines.

5 illus, 6 tables, 21 ref

017388   Kharat A N;Karimi S (School of Chemistry, University College of Science, Tehran Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: alnema@khayam.ut.ac.ir) : Synthesis of alumatrane and it's application as gelling agent in lithographic ink formulations. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 775-80.

Aluminum alkoxides modified with alkanolamines has been used in wide range of applications in industry, such as textile-treating agents, gelling agent in lithographic inks, paints and other coatings. Sample of triethanoia-mine aluminates were prepared from aluminum isopropoxide and aluminum hydroxide and their ability to build up stable gel was examined in lithographic ink formulation and then qualities were compared to commercial samples. All samples were characterized by FT-IR, ²⁷A1 NMR, TGA and elemental analysis. Investigation of effect of alkoxide precursor on quality of sol-gel dried alumina, some of prepared alkoxides were hydrolyzed in different conditions. BET of some samples show better surface area, respect to previously reported methods of sol-gel derived alumina.

1 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

017387   Kaskoos R A;Mir S R;Kapoor R;Ali M (Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdar, Hamdard Univ, P.O. Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110 062, Email: mali.chem@yahoo.co.in) : Essential oil composition of the fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb.. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2008, 11(2), 184-7.

Hydro-distilled essential oil obtained from fruits of Amomum subulatum was characterized by a high proportion of monoterpenes (cu 90 %). The main monoterpenes were 1,8-cineole (77.4 %), β-myrcene (5.0 %). α-terpineol (4.9 %) and terpinen-4-ol (2.3 %). Sesquiterpenic constituents amounting to only 2.7 % were represented by t-caryophyllene (2.3 %) and its oxide (0.4%). A high proportion 1,8-cineole present in the oil lends it a harsh eucaly ptol smell and warrants its use as substitute of true cardamon.

1 table, 15 ref

017386   Javiya J;Godvani N;Baluja S;Parekh J;Chanda S (Chemistry Dep, Saurashtra Univ, Rajkot-360 005) : Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of some schiff bases. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 413-17.

Some Schiff bases of vanillin deriv have been synthesized. The antibacterial activity of all these synthesized compounds was studied in DMF against four Gram positive bacteria viz. Bacillus cereus ATCC11778, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidids ATCC29737 and Micrococcus luteus, and three Gram negative bacteria viz. Proteus mirabilis NCIM2241, Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC418.

2 illus, 11 ref

017385   Jana T;Ray B C;Maiti S (Chemistry Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: bcrayjuchem@yahoo.com) : Degradation study on starch-LDPE film under weathering. J Polym Mater 2008, 25(4), 675-61.

Starch based low-density polyethylene films (LDPE) contains a considerable amount of starch. The starch present in the film undergoes biodegradation by the soil microorganism. The other component in the film i.e. low-density polyethylene undergoes photo-degradation as well as weathering. The detailed investigation on the degradation of such film in terms of mechanical strength with different composition as well as the base low-density polyethylene film is described in this communication.

3 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

017384   Izadkhah V;Salehzadeh S;Davoodi L;Golbedaghi R;Bayat M (Chemistry Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran, Email: izadkhah20002000@yahoo.com) : La(III) complex of assymetrical heptadentate (N₄O₃) schif base. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 787-94.

A systematic study on the performance of Pople-style basis functions such as 6-31G*, 3-21G* and LanL2MB on the molecular structure and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of a neutral complex of La(III) with ligand H₃L, [La(L)], where L is of the complex of asymmetrical potentially heptadentate (N₄O₃) Schiff base ligand {N[(CH2)₃N=CH(2-OH-5-BrC₆H₃)]-[(CH₂)2N=CH(2-OH -5-BrC₆H₃)]2) have been carried out. The calculations were performed at both ab initio restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) and DFT (B3LYP) methods. The calculations confirmed that this ligand can effectively encapsulates a lanthanide ion and enforce a seven-coordinate geometry. The results show that the calculated bond lengths and bond angles and also energy levels of this complex are considerably depend on both the method and basis set.

5 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

017383   Irisli S;Tiryaki F (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Ege Univ, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey, Email: irislisevil@hotmail.com) : Silver(I) complexes containing diphosphine and Bis(Phosphine) disulphide ligands. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 355-60.

The reactions of AgNO₃ and AgClO₄ with diphosphine [Ph₂P(CH₂)₂PPh₂(dppe)] and Ws(phosphine)-disulphide ligands (L-L) (L-L = Ph₂P(S)(CH₂)n P(S)Ph₂; n = 2, dppeS₂; n = 3, dpppS₂) have been investigated. The reaction of AgClO₄ with dppe was resulted the bridging complex [Ag(μ-OClO₃)(dppe)]₂ (1). The reactions of AgNO₂ with the ligands (L-L) (L-L = dppeS₂, dpppS₂), gave two new dimeric [Ag₂(μ-L-L)₂](NO₃3)₂ complexes (2) and (3), respectively. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ³¹P{¹H} NMR, electrospray mass and FAB mass spectrometry. It has been found that the complexes (1) and (2) have shown moderately antimicrobial activity against some gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

017382   Iranshahi M;Hassanzadeh-Khayyat M;Sahebkar A; Famili A (Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology Dep, Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad Univ of Medical Sciences (MUMS), P.O. Box: 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran, Email: iranshahim@mums.ac.ir) : Chemical composition of the fruit oil of Ferula flabelliloba. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2008, 11(2), 143-7.

Hydrodistilled essential oil from the dried fruits of Ferula flabelliloba was analyzed by GC-MS. Forty-four components, representing 87.2 % of the oil, were characterized. The major components were 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (14.1 %), β-dihydroagrofuran (13.3 %), α-bisabolol (9.9 %), guaiol acetate (4.3 %), hinesol (3.6 %), germacrene D (3.2 %), fenchyl acetate (3.0 %) and β-acorenol (3.0 %).

1 table, 17 ref