018099   Vidhya Babu V;Kale C K;Kothandaraman V; Manivel U;Jayabalou R; (NO, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020) : Irrigation waters and soils quality with reference to operation of a small scale chemical industry. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 409-15.

14 tables, 8 ref

018098   Verma U;Ruhal D S;Yadav M;Khera M;Hooda R S; Singh C P;Kalubarme M H;Hooda I S (NO, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Wheat production forecast using remote sensing and agromet variables in Haryana state. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 141-4.

sc1 tables, 8 ref

018097   Sundararajan R;Jayanthi S;Suganthi S K (Dep of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 013) : Kinetic analysis on anaerobic digestion of source - sorted organic fractions of Municipal solid waste and domestic sewage. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 416-19.

Kinetic study using Chen and Hashimoto model on anaerobic digestion of source - sorted organic fractions of municipal solid waste (SSOFMSW) and domestic sewage laboratory scale biodigester, operated in semi-continuous mode, at ambient temperature at an organic loading rate of 1 kg VS/m³ day at different hydraulic retention times in day. Specific gas yield was 0.62 m³/kg VS. Using Chen and Hashimoto model the kinetic parameters, such as ultimate methane production rate (B₀) of 0.75 maximum specific growth rate μ_m of 0.10 dimensionless kinetic parameter k = 1.0 and methane production rate was 0.45.

2 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

018096   Sujatha G;Gomathinayagam P; Lakshmanaperumalsamy P (Environmetal Science Dep, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046) : Assessment of microbial pollution in major river of Tamilnadu by MAR indexing. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 305-9.

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of booth faecal and non faecal bacteria was employed to assess the quality and risk of microbial contamination in major rivers of Tamilnadu, namely Kaveri, Vaigai, Bhavani ad Thamarabarani. The study exhibited invariably a high incidence of pathogenic organisms, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Enterobactor sp. Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa in all 4 rivers. Antibiotic susceptibility test of organisms revealed that most of bacteria were resistant to more than 2 antibiotics tested. It indicates a high prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistant pathogenic organisms in these rivers. MAR index of bacterial strains isolated from these rivers exceeded the high risk level of contamination (that is > 0.250). It indicates that these rivers are contaminated with bacterial strains originating from high risk sources where, antibiotics are constantly used, such as night soil, commercial poultry farms, etc. Contamination of highly resistant pathogenic organisms in the rivers shows unsuitability of these rivers for domestic purpose and untreated water is not safe for drinking purpose. Hence, adequate measures should be taken to check out the antibotic resistant organisms in the rivers before use.

4 tables, 11 ref

018095   Srinivas C V;Vittal Murty K P R;Krishna Murty Y V N (Atmospheric Studies Section, Safety Physics Division Dep, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102) : A simple surface energy balance to derive evapotranspiration from remote sensing and conventional meteorological observation. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 129-40.

Monthly mean measurements of surface temperature, albedo and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) of NOAA A VHRR are processed for Maharashtra. These data are used in combination with monthly average surface meterorological observations in a surface energy balance model to estimate monthly mean actual evapotranspiration (AET) from different climatic zones of Maharashtra. India. AET is estimated between April and December months for two contrasting monsoons in 1992 and 1995. Estimates reasonably agree with pan evaporation data during growing season and with AET estimated from water balance procedure. AET is low in semi-arid dry land areas of central Maharashtra region. The modeled evapotranspiration show the influence of seasonal vegetation in different climatic zones from the region. The method can be used to obtain large-scale evapotranspiration with minimum ground observations.

4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

018094   Solanki H U;Dwivedi R M;Gulati D K;John M E; Somvanshi V S (Space Application Centre Dep, Marine and Water Resources Group, Ahmedabad-380 015) : Potential fishing zones (PFZ) forecast using satellite data derived biological and physical processes. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 67-9.

9 ref

018093   Singh R P;Malik J (NO, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Earth system processes related to Gujrat earthquake using space technology. Curr Sci 2003, 84(12), 1503-6.

^ssc

018092   Shrivastava V S (Environmental Research Laboratory Dep, North Maharashtra University, G.T.P. College, Nandurbar-425 412) : Correlation of metal-organic fraction in industrial sludge ammended soil. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 428-30.

Metal - dissolved organic matter is observed for industrial sludge amended soils. Free metal ioin concentration is determined by ICP - AES and organic matter by method. Free ion i.e. forms of trace metals, such as Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn are known to be the most toxic forms to phytoplankton and invertebrates. Complexed forms are considered to be considerably less toxic than the free metal ions. Research carreid out on the metal organic interaction particularly the extreme importance of bacterial and other microbial phenomena in the conversion of metal to different forms and their effect of the environment.

2 tables, 11 ref

018091   Sarma B C;Misra A K;Bhattacharyya K G (Chemistry Dep, Guwahati University, Guwahati-781 014) : Metal in drinking water in a predominantly rural area. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), (NULL).

The study reports on the quality of drinking water with respect to 10 metals from 28 different sources in the predominantly rural Goalpara district of Assam (India). Water samples were collected in 3 seasons over a 3 - year period from the different sources in 13 locations and were analyzed for Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr. The results are discussed in the light of possible health hazards from the metals in ralaiton to their maximum permissible limits. The study shows the quality of drinking water in the district not to be fully satisfactory with respect to presence of the metals.

3 tables, 10 ref

018090   Sarkar A;Rano R;Bhattacharya S;Karmakar N C; Sinha I N (Dep of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826 004) : An empirical correlation between carbon content and particle characteristics of flyash. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 392-7.

Investigations on the relationship between particle size and carbon content of flyash from 2 thermal power plants in Bihar reveal that carbon contents are rather high for coarser particles. It has been observed that though sources are different, first two size fractions (in decending order of particle size) in both the cases have a very high carbon content. The carbon content rapidly declines from the third fraction onward. Another interesting observation is that, irrespective of the coal source, there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the size fraction and the carbon content. The particle size distributions, however, have shown marked variation depending on the sources of coal. Contribution towards `g' - a term denoting the quality of ash carried off by flue gas per kg of fuel burnt for different fractions of flyash is also discussed.

10 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

018089   Sarkar A;Rano R;Bhattacharya S;Karmakar N C; Sinha I N (Chemistry Dep, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826 004) : An empirical correlation between carbon content and particle characteristrics of flyash. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 392-7.

Investigations on the relationship between particle size and carobon content of flyash from 2 thermal power plants in Bihar reveal that carbon contents are rather high for coarser particles. It has been observed that though sources are different , first two size fractions (in descending order of particle size) in both the cases have a very high carbon content. The carbon content repidly declines from the third fraction onward. Another intersting observation in that, irrespective of the coal source, there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the size fraction and the carbon content. The particle towards 'g'-a term denoting the quality of ash carried off by flue gas per kg of fuel burnt for different fractions of flyash is also discussed.

10 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

018088   Saravanan T S;Harikrishnan R (Post Graduate Zoology Dep, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirapalli-620 020) : Impact of sublethal concentration of endosulphan on blood and liver constitutents of the freshwater fish, Sarotherodan Mossambicus (Trewaves). Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 443-7.

The common freshwater fish, Sarotherodon mossambicus on exposure to sublethal concentration of endosulphan bring about significant changes in blood and liver constituents. The blood total free sugars, free amino acids and cholesterol showed 71, 55 and 29%, respectively. So also liver total free sugars, free amino acids and protein decreased to 70, 80 and 27%, respecrtively. The result show that the insecticide, endosulphan even in sublethal level ultimately affects the nutritive value of the fish.

1 illus, 1 tables, 23 ref

018087   Santhanam R;Bala Sundar S;kannan K;Suresh B (health and Safety Div, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102) : Measurement of radon in some dwelling at Kalpakkam using nuclear track detector. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(6), 534-7.

The measurement of potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) due to radon and its progenies was made in some dwelling in 2 floor levels at Kalpakkam. The measurements were made using the passive time integrated method by employing CR 39 solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD). The data obtained were compared for the variation in the radon level between the ground and first floors. The geometric meanof PAEC due to indoor radon in the ground and first floors varied marginally. However, the levels were found to be within the action level prescribed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for dwellings.

4 tables, 9 ref

018086   Roy Y;Kumar R A (Chemistry Dep, J.N. College, Ranchi-834 004) : A study of water quality of the river of Ranchi district. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 398-402.

The water quality parameters in 3 rivers surrounding the Ranchi have been studied to assess the quality and suitability of water for domestic, industrial and agricultural needs and to identify the polluted zones. The results clearly indicate taht the waters of Harmu river is heavily polluted by organic substances, and inorganic substances, such as iron and calcium.

1 illus, 3 tables

018085   Ravichandran C;Chandrasekaran G E;Christy Priyadharsini F (Department of Environmental Sciences, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirapalli-620 017) : Vermicompost from different solid wastes using treated dairy effluent. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(6), 538-42.

A study was carried out to evaluate the impact of treated dairy effluent in vermicomposting megascolex maritii were used for the study. Three different kinds of wastes, that is garbage (heterogenous waste), fruit and vegetable wastes and meat wastes were used separately. Six eco-bins, 3 maintained as control in which good quality water was used and 3 was maintained as treated, in which treated dairy effluent was added to maintain the optimum moisture content of 55-60%.Nutrient values were determined from the compost obtained using treated dairy effluent and compared with that of the control. From these results, it was found that NPK values varied in compost obtained from different types of wastes. It has also been found that the composting period was greatly reduced with the use of treated dairy effluent. NPK values were maximum in compost obtained from garbage with the use of treated dairy effluent. In other wastes the NPK values varied.

5 tables, 9 ref

018084   Rath R (NO, Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi-110 066) : Geomorphic signature of ore deposit - a case study from Sukinda chromite and nickel complex, Orissa. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 107-17.

Quantities various geomorphic parameters associated with the Chromite and Nickel ores of Sukinda valley and establish geomorphic features like land forms, slope, relative relief, drainage pattern, density and frequency, lineaments and erosion surfaces. Morphologic features of the valley have been studied by taking inputs from relevant False Colour Composite, Toposheets and by undertaking ground truth checks. It is observed that both these ores are associated with parallel drainage pattern, which is prevalent in the valley, and are characterised by low drainage density and frequency. However Nickel ore exhinits a higher range in drainage density i.e. from 0.4 to 3.0 km/sq. km. in comparison to Chromite. As regards to erosion surface Cr is found to be associated with 140m and 200m end surfaces while Ni is confined to only 140 m. Though the range of slope varies for both the ore types from 0 to 5 degrees, Cr is reported to be associated mainly with foothills and Ni with valley flats.

10 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

018083   Rama K V;Rajeswari S (Analytical Chemistry Dep, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025) : Application of water hyacinth to assess cadmium pollution in Chennai city. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 385-91.

Environmental pollution due to cadmium compounds is increasing due to industrial activities. The work is an attempt to employ water hyacinth as an index of cadmium pollution in various regions of Chennai city. Water, sludge and water hyacinth plant samples collected from 20 sites in Chennai city were analysed for the cadmium content and the level of pollution in urban/industrial regions of the city was assessed.

2 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

018082   Pradhan S K;Patnaik D;Rout S P (Chemistry Dep, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004) : Water quality index for the gound water around a phosphatic fertilizer plant. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 355-8.

A systematic study of the water quality index (WQI) for 12 selected water quality parameters of 10 ground water samples around a phosphatic fertilizer plant at Paradip has been investigated over a period of one year from October 1995 to September 1996. The result of all the findings are discussed in details which reflected the quality of ground water.

4 tables, 5 ref

018081   Nath M;Ahmed M (Geological Sciences, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014) : Microhardness of vitrinite of eocene coal of bapung coalfield, jaintia hills, Meghalaya. J Mines Metals Fuels 2003, 51(3), 147-9.

1 illus, 1 table, 2 ref

018080   Nanda S N;Tiwari T N (Physics Dep, Regional Engineering College, Rourkela-769 008) : Effect of discharge of municipal sewage on the quality of river Mahanadi at Sambalpur. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 336-43.

Presents a preliminary study of the effect of discharge of untreated municipal effluents from Samblapur town on the quality of river Mahanadi. This study was conducted during 1998 (over a period of 1 year) by selecting 2 sampling stations, the first ove was 100 m up-stream (near Durgapali) and the second one was 100 m down-stream (near Bhatra). Water samples were collected from these stations and analysed in the laboratory for the following 17 water quality parameters : pH, dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand, total coliform, fecal coliform, chloride sulphate, total dissolved solids, fluoride, nitrate-nitrogen, Ammonical nitrogen, total suspended solids, total Hardness, Ca-hardness, Mg-harness, and alkalinity. Our results show that the quality of water deteriorates significantly after the discharge of Municipal effluents into the river Mahanadi.

4 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

018079   Nageswara Rao K;Murali Krishna G;Ramprasad Naik D;Malini Hema B (Geo-Engineering Dep, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Remote sensing and GIS applications in the identification of aquacucluture hotspots at village level. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 71-80.

Interpretation of IRS LISS II and LISS III imagery has revealed the various landforms as well as use/land cover features in a part of the Godavari delta coastal belt. A comparative analysis of geomorphological vs. land use/land cover maps suggested that the landforms exert a certain degree of control over human land use activities even in the monotonously plain area. Further, an analysis of the sequential imagery pertaining to 1992 and 2001 aimed at detecting the land use/land cover change has indicated that the aquaculture has phenomenally increased by 9,293.5 ha during the 9-year period. At the same time, the cropland which occupied about 29,104 ha in 1992 has been reduced to 19,153.9 ha by 2001 mainly due to the encroachment of aquaculture. Village level data on temporal variation in land use/land cover extracted throught GIS analysis revealed that in 14 out of the total 30% in Gondi village. These fourteen villages, which are designated as 'aquaculture hotspots' are grouped into 4 priority classes based on the intensity of conversion.

2 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

018078   Murali Arthanari P;Balasubramanian T N; Velayutham a (Dep of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003) : Daily rainfal prediction based on morning weather observations. Madras agric J 2002, 89(7-9), 546.

1 tables, 1 ref

018077   Kulkarni A V;Alex S (NO, Marine and Water Resources Group Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad-380 015) : Estimation of recent glacial variation in Baspa basin using remote sensing technique. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 81-90.

The Himalayasa has one of the largest concentrations of glaciers outside the Polar Regions. Various suggest that significant number of mountain glaciers is shrinking due to climatic variations. Monitoring of these glaciers is important to assess future availability of water resources in the Himalayan region. However, Himalaya glaciers are normally difficult to monitor due to the rugged, mountainous terrain. Therefore, images of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite were used to monitor glaciers in the Baspa basin. Investigations have shown the presence of 30 glaciers in the basin, with areal extent of 167 km². Out of these, 19 glaciers, with areal extent of 140 km² were selected to estimate retreat. Investigation suggests that almost all glaciers are retreating in the study basin and overall 19% deglaciation has been obeserved from 1962 to 2001. In general, altitude distribution appears to have significant influence on glacial retreat. Glaciers located around 5000 m altitude range are showing 24% loss as compared to 14% by glaciers located in altitude range higher than 5400 m. In addition, mean altitude of glacier terminus is shifted upward by 88 m, i.e. from 4482 to 4570 m in last 39 years. The glacical volumes were estimated using regression relationship between area and depth. The investigations have suggested that 19.10 km³ of glacial water stored in the 19 glaciers in 1962, has been reduced to 14.71 km³ in 2001, respectively, an overall loss of 23 percent in a period between 1962 and 2001. These investigations suggest that all glaciers in the Baspa Basin are reducing and in long term, such reducing trend can create scarcity of water in the region.

4 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

018076   Jain S K;Chaudhry A (NO, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee-247 667) : Snow and forest cover assessment of Uttaranachal state using IRS 1C WiFS data. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 91-9.

IRS 1C WiFS data have been used for the assessment of two natural resources i.e. forest cover and snow cover. These two resources have a great role to play in various hydrological studies such as floods, soil erosion and water pollution etc. Therefore their assessment is very useful in various hydrological studies and management of these resources. The assessment of snow and forest cover have been made on the basis of multispectral classification and classification of NDVI images. Newly created Uttaranchal state has been taken as the study area. These two resources have been estimated for all the thirteen districts of the state separately. The forest cover area estimated in this study is compared with the available data sets of Forest Survey of India (FSI). The estimated forest is 52%, whereas the forest cover reported by the FSI is 44.5% of the total geographical area of the state. The snow cover is estimated for the period after winter season i.e. maximum snow cover and before next winter season i.e minimum snow cover. It is found that one quarter of the state is under snow cover covering six districts of the state. As such no estimate of snow cover at regional scale has been made so far therefore comparison of the present assessment could not be made.

4 illus, 1 tables, 8 ref

018075   Jain C K;Bhatia K K S;Kumar C P;Purandara B K (NO, National Institute of Hydrology, Jal Vigyan Bhawan, Roorkee-247 667) : Irrigation water quality in Malaprabha sub - basin, Karnataka. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 348-54.

A hydrochemical study of ground water of Malaprabha sub - basin, Karnataka has been carried out to examine the suitability of ground water for irrigation purpose. The values of sodium absorption ration and sodium percentage indicate that ground water of the area fall under the category of low sodium hazard indicating no risk of sodifiction. The ground water of the basin has also been classified according to U.S. Salinity Laboratory classification. More that 50 % samples of the basin fall under water type C1 - S1 and C2 - S2, such water can be used for irrigaiton with most crops on most soil. About 20 samples fall under water type C3 - S1, such water should not be used on soils with restricted drainage. About 20% sampels fall under water type C4 - S1 and C4 - S2, such water is normally not suitable for agricultural use.

4 tables, 5 ref

018074   Gyananath G;Islam S R;Shewdikar S V (NO, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, School of Life Sciences, Nanded-431 606) : Assessment of environment parameter on ground water quality. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4)p289-94, (NULL).

Presents a case study on the influence of enviromental parameters on groundwater quality in Nanded, Maharashtra. Ground water samples from different sampling stations of Nanded were analysed for various water duallity parameters during summer, winter and rainy seasons. The study reveal significant changes of water duality during different seasons of the year.

1 tables, 17 ref

018073   Garg S S;Singh B P;Tripathi I P;Das G;Pandey A K (NO, Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd., D-36, Sector-VI, Gautam Budh Nagar Noida-201 301) : A case study of Bansal bauxite pulverised mill, at village Marva, district Satna. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 438-42.

The bauxite is ore of aluminium and a non metallic mineral. Bauxite is of secondary origin and has commonly been formed under tropical climatic conditions by the prolonged weathering of aluminum-bearing rocks. In some localities it has also apparently been derived from the weathering of clay-bearing lime stones. Its mode of occurrence and its phusical characteristics indicate that it has originated as a colloidal precipitate, but the exact chemical reactions involved are not clear. The uses of aluminium is mainly in aeroplanes, wire formation and also in chemical industries are very common. The dust emitted from the mill during processing create air pollution problems. The studies express the air pollution problems due to Bansal Bauxite Pulversied Mill Industry at village Marva, district Satna.

9 tables

018072   Doctor P B;Ghosh S K (NO, National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad-380 016) : Toxicity assessment of textile dye contaminated effluents before and after the treatment. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 431-3.

The toxicity of textile dye containing effluents was determined before and after their treatment using 3 currently available and widely used microbial test systems. Out of all these systems, Microtox where Photobacterium phosphoreum was used as sensor organism was found to be the most sensitive test. In case of growth zone inhibition test, the test organism, Bacillus.cerus was not sensitive to all toxic compounds as found with dye containing effluents. EC₅₀ values, MEC₉₀ and growth zone inhibition test for the treated and untreated effluents have been worked out and it was observed that the treatment was effective. In case of EC₅₀ values, the effluent was more toxic before treatment (30%) as against the treatment (41%) while MEC₉₀values were 1 x 30³ and 1 x 10² before and after treatment, respectively. Mercury (Hg²⁺) was also tested in all these 3 systems as a positive reference control and compared with the results obtained with textile effluents.

2 tables, 8 ref

018071   Doctor P B;Ghosh S K (NO, National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad-380 016) : Toxicity assessment of textile dye contaminated effluent before and after the treatment. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 431-3.

The toxicity of textile dye containing effluents was determined before and after their treatment using 3 currently available and widely used microbial test systems. Out of all these syttems, Microtox^TM where Photobacterium phosphoreum was used as sensor organism was found to be the most sensitive test. In case of growth zone inhibition test, the test organism, Bacillus. cerus was not sensitive to all toxic compunds as found with dye containing effluents. EC⁵⁰ values, MEC ⁹⁰ and growth zone inhibition test for the treated and untreated effluents have been worked out and it was observed that the treatment was effective. In case of EC⁵⁰ values, the effluent was more toxic before treatment (30%) as against the treatment (41%) while MEC⁹⁰ values were 1 x 30³ and 1 x 10² before and after treatment, respectively. Mercury (Hg²⁺) was also tested in all these 3 systems as a positive reference control and compared with the results obtained with teztile effluents.

2 tables, 8 ref

018070   Chaudhary R (School of Energy and Environmental Studies, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452 001) : Factor analysis in interpretation of ganga river water quality. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 403-8.

Examines the results of computer based factor analysis performed on 20 physico-chemical variables of water quality obtained from periodic monitoring of river ganga at 4 stations between Narora to Kannauj for a period of 3 years. The results from factor analysis (R-mode) indicates that Ganga river is mineralizeds between Fatehgarh to Kannauj, that is lower reach and non-mineralized between Narora to Katchla, that is upper reach of the study area. It also summarizes that the major pollutant sources for the rivber is due to anthropogenic activity at Narora and Katchla where as domestic and industrial waste at Fatehgarh and Kannauj. The significant season with respect to variation of mineral parameters were common in all the 4 seasons indicating the validity of seasonal frequency of monitoring of river Ganga.

2 illus, 5 tables, 4 ref

018069   Chaudhary R (NO, Devi Ahilya University, School of Energy and Environmental Studies, Indore-452 001) : Factor analysis in interpretation of Ganga river water quality. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 403-8.

Examines the results of computer based foactor analysis performed on 20 physico-chemical varialbles of water quality obtained from periodic monitoring of river Ganga at 4 stations between Narora to Kannuaj for a period of 3 years. The results from factor analysis (R - mode) indicates that Ganga river is mineralized Fatehgarh to Kannauj, that is lower reach and non-mineralized between Narora to Katchla, that is upper reach of the study area. It also summarizes that the major pollutant sources for the river is due to anthropogenic activity at Narora and Katchla where as domestic and industrial waste at Fatehgarh and Kannauj. The significant season with respect to variation of mineral parameters were common in all the 4 seasons indicating the validity of seasonal frequency of monitoruing of river Ganga.

2 illus, 5 tables, 4 ref

018068   Carmalin Sophia A (Chennai Zonal Laboratory Dep, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, CSIR Complex, Taramani, Chennai-600 113) : Ground water quality in Tambaram, Tamil Nadu. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 310-14.

A large proportion of population in urban and suburban area depends on the ground water resources, which are often contaminated and consumed untreated. The study is to evalute the quality of ground water in and around Tambaram. Water quality parameters, such as temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total solids, total hardness, Ca⁺⁺ hardness, Mg⁺⁺ hardness, permanent hardness, chlorides, acidity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD content were analyzed in the water samples collected from 10 different stations (S - 1 to S - 10). The results were compared with the water quality standards of WHO indicated that ground water at some of the sites especially at Vincent Ganapathy Puram (S - 3) and Proffessor Colony (S - 10) in Tambaram was not suitable for drinking and domestic purposes. Therefore, the ground water of those sites in Tambaram requires treatment before being used for human consumption.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

018067   Bhargav J S;Mishra R C;Das C R (Dep of Chemistry, B.J.B. College, Bhubaneswar) : Sustainable environmental protection of stone monuments of Bhubaneswar. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(5), 420-4.

The stone monuments of Orissa particularly those located in Bhubaneswar have shown loss of fine details and loss of cementing material from the stone surface. Both damages are caused by the rain involving the application of dimethyl diphenyl polysiloxane. Dimethyl polysiloxane and silicone oil, on the monumental stones of Orissa, was carried out. Efficacy of the polymer in inducing the hydrophobic property to the treated stone, was determined. Suitability of the polymer towards improving the mechanical strength or binding strength of the stone was also studied in the present investigation.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

018066   Begum Z;Vani K N K;Ramachandran D;Somasekhara Rao K;Rambabu C (Chemistry Dep, Nagarjuna University Post - Graduate Centre, Nuzvid-521 201) : Analysis and quantification of aqua content in Bapulapadu Mnadal a of Krisha District. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 344-7.

An extensive and systematic study was made on the duality of community tap water and groundwater supplies of Bapulapadu Mandal of Krishna district, A.P. After thorough observation, the study area in divided into 3 zones, (A B and C) by areawise, Physico chemical parameters, like pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, acidity, hardness calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, nitrites, dissolved oxygen , etc., are selected and evaluated and the results are discussed. The source of water in this Mandal are borewalls and community taps.

2 tables, 6 ref

018065   Baruah J;Kotoky P;Baruah N K;Borah G C (Geoscience Division Dep, Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat-785 006) : Trace metal distribution in water body around Lakwa oil field, Assam - a case study. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 328-35.

3 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

018064   Bahuguna I M;Nayak S;Tamilarsan V;Moses J (NO, Marine and Water Resources Group, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad-380 015) : Groundwater prospective zones in basaltic terrain using remote sensing. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 101-5.

The study airms at Investigates the relative role of landforms and lineaments as an intergrated unit for the assessment of groundwater availability with an example of an area occurring in basaltic terrain. Describes the use of remote sensing data for hydrogenomophological mapping, zoning of the area into groundwater prospects and evaluation of zones by using well discharge data of handpumps located in the area. It has been found that the rocks, which are both, fractured and weathered, and weathered, are more productive in groundwater discharge. The study shows that the lower elevation zones of micro-watersheds have better groundwater prospects.

1 illus, 1 tables, 10 ref

018063   Aurangabadkar K;Swaminathan K;Sandhya S;Uma T S;Jothikuamr N;Paramasivam R (Chennai Zonal Laboratory Dep, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, CSIR Complex, Taramani, Chennai-600 113) : Ground water qulaity around a municipal solid waste dumpsite at Chennai. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 323-7.

Ground water monitoring was carried out around a municipal refuse dumpsite to assess the quality of ground water. The samples were analysed for pH, conductivity, chlorides, sulphates, hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia and metals. The study reveals that the quality of ground water does not conform to the drinking water quality standards. Concentrations of iron and manganese were exceeding the permissible limits for drinking water. The surface runoff samples collected around the dumpsite showed high inorganic and organic pollution which could also be due to the present practice of discharge of sewage and other unregulated effluents from the nearby areas. Leachate of soil samples also showed higher concentrations of chromium, zinc, lead, iron and manganese.

1 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

018062   Adak M D;Purohit K M (Chemistry Dep, Regional Engieering College, Rourkela-769 008) : Correlattion coefficient of some physico chemical characteristics of surface and ground water of Rajgangpur : part-II. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 295-301.

A systematic calculation of the correlation coefficient 'r' has been carried out for 21 water quality parameters of 8 surface water samples of Rajgangpur municipal area. The standard deviation (S), variance (S²) and standar error (S^m) values are worked out. Significant linear relationships among some water quality parameters are also carreid out. The calculated values using equation Y = AX + B are compared with experimental values. These regression equations are obtained from the best-fit curves using the software package EXCEL.

4 tables, 9 ref

018061   Abdul Jameel A (Post-Graduates Studies and Research of Chemistry Dep, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirapalli-620 020) : A study on the distribution of organic matter and toxic metal in the sediment of river Cauvery at Tiruchirapalli. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(4), 302-4.

The study aims at examining the river bed sediments of rhte distribution of organic matter and toxic heavy metals in the river cauvery. Two sediment samples were collected at both the banks from 6 sampling stations. The samples were acid treated and the concentration of metals, like lead, copper, iron and chromium were recorded using atomic absorption spectrophotmeter. The total organic matter and physico chemical parameters were analysed for all the samples. Most of the heavy metals have precipitated and settled into the river bed as carbonates, oxides and hydroxides. The pollutants are deposited in association with very fine particles of silt and clay. The silt and clay act as adsorbents along with the organic matter.

2 tables, 9 ref

018060   Jagannadha Rac M;Syam Kumar J;Surya Prokasa Rao B;Srinivasa Rao P (Geology, Geo-Engineering Dep, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Geomorphology and land use pattern of Visakhapatnam urban - industrial area. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(2), 119-28.

Geomorphology and land use pattern of Visakhapatnam urban - industrial area have been studied using IRS IB and SPOT data. The geomorphic units under structural landforms, fluvial landforms and coastal landforms were indentified and appropriate field confirmations were made. The geomorphic units such as inselbergs/residual hills, rolling plains, colluvial plains, fractures, piedmont fans, pediments were identified under structural landforms. The units wind gap, paleo channels, gully land, alluvial plain and natural levee were identified under fluvial landforms. The coastal landforms include sea cave. sea stack, red sediments, beach sands and marshy area. Study of the land use pattern reveals the land use under various categories of residential, planned and un planned, agricultural land, waste land and others. The data will have high relevance and usefulness for urban, industrial and ground water resource evaluations in the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization.

3 illus, 1 tables, 14 ref

016970   Singh R P;Dey S;Holben B (Dep of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Aerosol behaviour in Kanpur during diwali festival. Curr Sci 2003, 84(10), 1302-4.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

016969   Sharma M R;Sharma R K;Gupta A B;Bassin J K (Civil Engineering Dep, MREC, Jaipur-302 017) : Water quality assessment of hathli stream in lower Himalayan region. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2003, 30(1), 64-7.

Water quality of Hathli stream, Himachal Pradesh, over a stretch of 4 km for parameters like BOD, COD, pH, alkalinity, TDS and DO has been dealt with. One dimensional water quality model Stream-I was used for investigating of DO-BOD interactions in the Hathli stream that flows rapidly through a hilly tract. The study showed that summer season is the most critical period when stream is having very low discharge. A simple DO-BOD model like stream-I was observed to be inadequate for describing the water quality of rivers in hilly region that move extremely fast with very high trubulence.

4illus, 6 ref

016968   Sharma M (NO, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow-226 007) : Vindhyan vagaries. Curr Sci 2003, 84(10), 1293-6.

1 illus, 3 ref

016967   Sen N (NO, , 133 Poorvanchal Complex, JNU New Campus, New Delhi-110 067) : New forest models for Indian south-west monsoon season rainfall. Curr Sci 2003, 84(10), 1290-2.

^ssc1 illus, 3 tables

016966   Pandey A K;Virdi N S (NO, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geolog, Dehra Dun-248 001) : Microstructural and fluid inclusion constraints on the evolution of Jakhri thrust zone in the Satluj valley of NW Himalaya. Curr Sci 2003, 84(10), 1355-64.

The rigional structures, microstructure and fluid inclusion trail pattern have been employed to work out the evolution of the Jakhri Thrust Zone (JTZ) exposed in the Satluj valley of NW Himalaya. It is a NE-dipping, SW-propagating out-of-sequence thrust cutting across the folded Lesser Himalayan crystalline nappe and lies in the seismically active inner Lesser Himalayan zone. The recrystallization microstructure in the footwall quartzite suggests deformation in the lower green schist facies condition with a progressively decreasing finite strain away from the thrust. The microstructures and fluid inclusion trails (secondary) show analogous pattern and have formed during the same deformation event in the footwall. The CO₂-H₂O and H₂O-NaCl fluid inclusions have been identified. The former has been re-equilibrated during the peak deformation whereas the latter has evolved and been re-equilibrated during exhumation. The isochores of CO₂-H₂O and H₂O-NaCl inclusions suggest an isothermal exhumation path from a depth of ″ 17-17 km, considering a lithostatic condition. These suggest that the JTZ is a deep-seated thrust, probably a steep imbrication on the main decollement fault.

7 illus, 31 ref

016965   Krishnamurthy N S;Dewashish Kumar;Ananda Rao V;Jain S C;Shakeel Ahmed (Indo-French Centre for Groundwater Research, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-500 007) : Comparison of surface and sub-surface geophysical investigations in delineating fracture zones. Curr Sci 2003, 84(9), 1242-6.

Because of overexploitation of aquifers, saturated zone is mostly limited to fractured portions in granitic areas. Delineation and distribution of such fractures is important to exploit and simulate groundwater. Delineation of thick fracture zones is possible by surface geophysical methods such as resistivity technique. However, in the case of thin fracture zones, their effect is masked and an integrated approach neds to be followed for identifying these zones. Geophysical studies were carried out in Maheshwaram watershed, Andhra Pradesh, India including well loging in some of the borewells. In some cases, the results of surface SP and resistivity sounding have considerable correlation with geophysical logs. The thin fractures could be identified with resistivity and gamma logs. The surface SP studies show potential anomalies indicating the presence and continuation of fractures.

9 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

016964   Jyothibabu R;Madhu N V;Maheswaran P A;Nair K K C;Venogopal P;Balasubramanian T (Regional Centre, National Institute of Oceanography, Kochi-682 014) : Dominance of dinoflagellates in microzooplankton community in the oceanic regions of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Curr Sci 2003, 84(9), 1247-53.

Studies on microzooplankton, phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) and production were conducted at five ocean stations in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea onboard FORV sagar sampada during intermonsoon (March 2001). Through out the study protozoans dominated the microzooplankton community and their contribution ranged between 60 and 100% (avg 88%). Protozoans consisted mainly of ciliates and dinoflagellates. Tintinnides comprised 36 species belonging to 18 genera and 76 species of dinoflagellates belonging to 24 genera were recorded. Most of the genera showed their presence throughout the upper 150 m water column except four genera, two each belonging to dinoflagellates and tintinnides. Amphisolenia and Exuviaella (Dinoflagellates) were concentrated in the upper 20 m, whereas Salpingella and Salpingacantha (Tintinnides) were restricted to 75-100 m. Contribution of dinoflagellates to the total density of microzooplankton was as large as 80% (avg 59%). The dominance of dinoflagellates is discussed with reference to different modes of nutrition of this group. Combining many nutritional strategies (mixotrophy and heterotrophy with symbiosis) may give dinoflagellates a competitive advantage over strict phototrophs or heterotrophs and may be the possible for their dominance in the study area.

illus, tables, ref

016963   Gupta S;Rai S S;Prakasam K S;Srinagesh D; Chadha R K;Priestley K;Gaur V K (NO, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-500 007) : First evidence for anomalous thick crust beneath mid-archean western Dharwar craton. Curr Sci 2003, 84(9), 1219-26.

An anomalous present day crustal thickness of 43-52 km beneath the 3.4-3.0 Ga mid-Archean segment of western Dharwar craton (WDC) undistributedby Proterozoic events. In contrast, adjoining late-Archean (2.7-2.5 Ga) eastern Dharwar craton (EDC) has a 33-40 km crustal thickness similar to the Archean global average. Considering that mineral assemblages in the central part of the WDC crust (amphibolite grade metamorphics) equilibrated at a depth of 15-20 km, argues that the western Dharwar crust 3.0 Ga ago must have been at least 60-80 km thick. Both segments of Dharwar craton crust exhibits Poisson's ratio of 0.24-0.28 suggesting felsic to intermediate average crustal composition. The thickest crust beneath WDC has also underlying high velocity thicker lithosphere compared to EDC, inferred from faster arrivals of teleseismic P and S wave. The contact between WDC and EDC is marked as gradational thinning of crust (42-36 km) from Chitradurga thrust to the western part of Closepet granite. In WDC, the crustal thickness increases in step fashion towards the oldest crustal block. These details suggest terrain accretion in Dharwar craton during 3.4 to 2.5 Ga through subduction related process.

8 illus, 1 table, 39 ref

015935   Vijaya T;Ramamurthi R;Srivasuki K P (Dep of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502) : Importance of mycorrhizae in reclamation of saline alkaline soils. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(9), 770-3.

2 illus

015934   Vijaya T;Ramamurthi R;Srivasuki K P (Dep of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502) : Importance of mycorrhizae in reclamation of saline alkaline soils. Indian J envir Prot 2001, 21(9), 770-3.

2 illus