000100   Bordoloi R K;Kotoky P;Baruah J;Haque I;Borah G C (NO, Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat-785 006) : Heavy metals in the sediments of Toklai river, Assam-a case study. Indian J envir Prot 2002, 22(7), 779-84.

6 illus, 7 ref

000099   Bhattacharyya A P;Sarate O S (NO, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow-226 007) : Palynodating of subsurface coal measures from Madadoli area, Wardha valley coalfield, Maharashtra, India. Palaeobotanist 2002, 51(1-3), 93-8.

Two palynoasseblages have been recorded from the Permian Sequence of Mahadoli area (Borehole WM-14), Wardha Valley Coalfield, Maharashtra. The older palynoassemblage A is Scheuringipollenites dominant while the younger palynoassemblage B is characterized by Parasaccites-Densipollenites along with striate bisaccates, Falcisporites and Satsangisaccites. Correlation with palynoassembleges of other coaliderous basins of India and the age of subsurface sediments have been discussed.

4 illus, 13 ref

000098   Bala Murali Krishna C (Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala-574 110, Udupi) : Fluoride level and water quality in rural area of Mandya District. Indian J envir Prot 2002, 22(7), 742-5.

Fluoride level in water and water quality analysis for all existing domestic water sources from 42 villages of Kasaba Hobli, K.R. Pet taluk, Mandya district, Karnataka State were assessed. Fluoride concentration in all the collected water samples were well within the limits prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Almost all the samples were having total hardness above the desirable limits and most of the parameters analyzed were within the limits prescribed by BIS.

2 tables, 10 ref

000097    (NO, , ) : (NULL). Himalayan Geol 2003, 24(1), (NULL).

illus, tables, ref

000206   Vivekanandan N;Singh C B (Statistics Tidal Hydraulics Dep, Central Water and Power Research Station, P.O. Khadakwasla Research Station, Pune-411 024) : Prediction of tides using hydrodynamics and neural network approaches. Indian J Mar Sci 2003, 32(1), 25-30.

The Indian subcontinent with a long coastline distributed among nine coastal states and the islands group of Andaman-Nicobar and Lakshdeep Islands, requires prediction of tides at desired location, based on data from one place to another place, for planning and desing needs, especially at interior of bays or at the vicinity of civil structures. There is no exact analytical model that can predict tides at desired lactions, since the phenomenon involved is uncertain and random in nature. Artifucial Neural Network (ANN) model provides a non-hydrodynamic mapping between given sets of input and output values. Built-in-dynamism in network tracing, data error tolerance and lack of requirments of any exogenous input, etc, make neural network modelling attractive. This paper report a study to predict tides at Navalakhi station based on reference staion at Okha of Gulf of Kutch. Shows that the ANN results of prediction of tides at Navalakhia could be encapsulated in hydrodynamic model so as to save enormous efforts involved in CPU time as well as long duration of boundary conditions at Okha to be prescribed.

5 illus, 1 tables, 16 ref

000205   Thivakarna G A;Saravanakumar A;Sesh Serebiah J;Joshua J;Sunderraj W;Vijaykumar V (NO, Gujarat Institute o Desert Ecology, Bhuj-370 001, Gujarat) : Vegetation structure of Kachchh mangrove, Gujarat, northwest coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 2003, 32(1), 37-44.

Investigation was carried out in the Kachchh mangroves of Gujarat to delineate its structure in a coastal stretch of 300 km. A clear trend of salinity increse from Mundra to Kori creek could be observed. Mean creek water salinity ranged from to 38.8 to 41.5 ppt. Station-wise mean density of mature trees ranged from a minimum of 832/ha to a maximum of 1900/ha with tree heights reaching up to 10 m. Mean density of mature trees decreased in the order of Kori-Jakhau-Mundra-Medi-Laki. Height and GBH classes in the range of 1.6 to 3 m and 21 to 40 cm, respectively predominated in all stations. Among 5 major station both maximum (491666/ha) and minimum (4545/ha) regeneration density were recorded at Jakhau. Density of recuritment class was fairly high at all the stations ranging from 2240/ha at Kori creek to 7783/ha at Medi. Mangroves of Kori creek had high regeneration potential as vidneced by high entry of recruitment class to mature tree category.

3 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

000204   Srinivas K;Revichandran C;Maheswaran P A; Mohamed Asharaf T T;Murukesh N (NO, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, P.O.Box-1616, Cochin-682 014) : Propagation of tides in the Cochin estuarine system, southwest coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 2003, 32(1), 14-24.

Analysis of hourly data on sea level collected at four station in the Cochin estuarine system has been made to understand the tidal and non-tidal sea level variations inside the estuary, for spring and neap phases during March 2000. Spring phase was dominated by semi-diurnal tides whereas neap phase was dominated by diurnal tides. Diurnal and semi-diurnal bands were together responible fo a high percentage of variance of the observed sea level. The dominance of shallow water tides was seen with increasing distance from the mouth. The sea level variance was dominated mainly by tidal signals, but the tidal influence decreased rapidly inside the esturay. Doodson's X⁰ filter appears to be efficient for de-tiding the observed sea level time series.

8 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

000203   Sokei Yoshimi;Wasano Kikuo (Laboratory of Tropical Crop Science Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga-840 8502, Japan) : Leaching behavior of a salinized field in the lower reaches of the Syr-Darya River, Kazakhstan. Ann Arid Zone 2001, 40(4), 413-24.

In the lower reaches of the Syr-Darya River vast land areas have become wet deserts because of salinity problem as a comsequence of rice-based cropping system. To investigate the reclamation strategy for such areas, one field was leached twice and cultivation trials, using furrow irrigation; were conducted after the leaching. The salinity (EC^e) of 0 to 20 cm surface soil was decreased by leaching from 71.2 to 7.9 dS m^-1. The groundwater level during trial was at 1 to 2 m depth. The EC^gw values in the studied area varied from 3.2 to 87.9 dS m^-1, and were almost constat regardless of the irrigation for cultivation. The mean EC^e value at 20 to 25 cm depth in the trial field after cultivation was 6.0 dS m^-1, while values in non-leached arable and abandoned fields were 12.7 and 50.0 dS m^-1, respectively. The values increased with decreasing soil depth. In the trial field, correlation coefficients between the clay content and EC^e values were high at the same depth at 0.77<42> at 20 to 25 cm and at 0.87<42> at 60 to 65 cm. Inthe non-leached fields, correlation coefficients between the clay content at 90 to 95 cm depth and EC^e values at each depth studied (20-25, 60-65 and 90-95 cm) were high. These results showed that (1) leaching was effective in reclaiming fields in this area, (2) upland crop-based furrow irrigated agriculture can replace rice-based rotation, and (3) installing subsurface drainage systems at approximately 100 cm depth is required.

4 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

000202   Singh O P;Sarker M A (NO, SAARC Meteorological Research Centre (SMRC), Abhawa Bhaban, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh) : Recent sea surface temperature variability in the coastal region of the north Indian Ocean. Indian J Mar Sci 2003, 32(1), 7-13.

The coastal region of the Indian Ocean is more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. An attempt has been made toestimate the recent SST (sea surface temperature) trends in the coastal zones of the northern Indian Ocean. For this purpose the satellite derived grid point SST data for the period 1985-1998 has been utilized. The SST has show consistent increasesing trends in all the seasons in the coastal belts of Pakistan and the northwestern India upto Bombay (Mumbai). In the coastal regions of hte islands the increasing trend is confined to the summer only. During the winter season the SSTs in the island regions have registered decreasing trends. This is indivative of an extension of the continental inflence towards the islands regions. It has been found that the interannual mode of SST variation dominates the linear SST trends which is characterised by the Quasi Biennial Oscillations (QBO) and the E1 Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) scale cycle. QBO having a periodicity of approximately two years and ENSO having a periodicity of about three to seven years are dominant oscillations of the tropical region. The results of the study can provide useful projections of the future scenario of SST trends and the associated impacts in South Asia.

3 illus, 1 tables, 15 ref

000201   Pazouki A;Yeganeh B Y (Geology Dep, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Iran) : Recovery of lead-zinc from Angouran mine Iran. J Metall Mater Sci 2000, 42(4), 221-6.

The lead-zinc deposit of Angouran is the biggest one in middle east countries with 25480000 t of ores which mineralogically consists of smithsonite, heminerphite, sphalerite, cerussite, mimetite and galena. Quartz is a common and widespread constituent ganuge mineral. The benefication of Angouran ore was carried out with number of flotation tests using various reagents and stages. The final concentrate shows promising grade and recoveries.

3 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

000200   Nathan N P;Srikantappa C;Suresha K J (Geological Survey of India, , Op: Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry, Guindy, Chennai-600 032) : A new occurrence of incipient charnockite near Kadavur Madurai block, Tamil Nadu. Indian Mineralogist 2001, 35(2), 16-29.

A new occurrence of incipient charnockite is reported from Kadavur area of Tamil Nadu. The incipient charnockite is developed within the amphibolite facies gneisses and its formation is controlled by a set of late E-W trending fractures. Geological, petrographic and fluid inclusion data of the IC at Kadavur indicate that its formation post-dates the regional granulite facies event (M1) and shearing activity in the area.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

000199   Hanumantha Rao E;Madusudanan R;Ramachandra N D;Vidyadharan K T (Geological Survey of India, , Gouhati) : Geology, ore petrography, fluid inclusion and sulphur isotopic characters of BMQ hosted sulphide-gold mineralization of chinmulgund, Harveri district, Karnataka. Indian Mineralogist 2001, 35(2), 30-53.

Pyrrhotite - arsenopyrite intergrowth indicates localised conversion of pyrrhotite to arsenopyrite which is of significance to the paragenesis of gold. Thus, there appears to be a time lag between the initial sulphidisation of magnetite into pyrrhotite and subsequent arsenopyritisation of pyrrhotite by As and Au rich hydrotherms. It may be further emphasised that the presence of graphite in close association with arsenopyrite, though in minor quantity, is suggestive of the role played by carbon in scavenging and fixation of gold in arsenopyrite. The ore minerals are also associated with muscovite, light green biotite, sericite etc. Presence of tourmaline as gangue indicates the influx of boron. Fluid inclusion (primary and secondary monophase and biphase) study carried out on mineralised quartz veins show slightly elevated salinity and CO₂ density compared to barren quartz in the area. The temperature of homogenization of the mineralized quartz is also higher.

2 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

000198   Bhoskar K G;Saha A K (Central Reg Geological Survey of India, , Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006) : Lineament fabric of sakoli fold belt, central India and its role in ore localisation. Indian Mineralogist 2001, 35(2), 1-15.

Numerous occurrences and deposits of base rare noble metals and refractory minerals are present within and near the margins of the Sakoli Fold Belt (SFB) along distinct lineaments. An attempt has been made to genetically link the lineament pattern with the characteristics of ore localization and the mineralization episodes. It is observed that within the SFB, individual deposits occur along small limited strike lengths (≤ 1 km), though the mineralization is discontinuously traceable over several kilometers. Important mineral deposits have been established at Pular Parsori, Adyalkitari - Garara (gold-copper), Kuhi - Khobna - Agargaon (tungsten - molybdenum with minor niobium - tantalum) and Dahegaon - Pipalgaon, Nawargaon and Pohara (kyanite - sillimanite). Besides, several small and isolated occurrences of polymetallic mineralization and refractory minerals are observed in other parts of the SFB suggestive of a regional distribution of mineralisation.

2 illus, 21 ref

000197   Bhat M S;Chavadi V C;Hegde V S (Civil Engineering Dep, SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad-580002) : Morphology and sediment movement in a monsoon influenced open beach at Gangavali, near Gokarn (central west coast of India). Indian J Mar Sci 2003, 32(1), 31-6.

Morphological and grain size studies have been carried out at monthly intervals (February 1993 to February 1994) to understand sedimentation pattern. Eight study sites were selected for morpholigical studies and five for grain size studies. It is observed that the morphological changes are cyclic i.e. erosion during monsoon and deposition during fair-weather season. The beach has experienced a loss of about 951 m³/m¹, a gain of about 1677 m³/m¹ and hence a net gain of about 725 m³/m¹ of sediments along the line of transect (all the 8 stations together) over a period of one year. A secondary cycle of erosion is observed between December and February. In general, the sediments of the study area are fine grained, well sorted, and symmetricla and platykurtic in nature. Mean grain size decrease, sorting improves and percentage of fine sand, positively skewed grains increase from north to south (G1 to G 8). Beach experiences moderate turbulent energy conditions and the sediment movement is towards south in this beach. The prevailing conditions in this beach are ideal for recreational development.

3 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

000367   PGS Ocean Bottom Seismic Inc (NO, , 16010, Barker's Point Lane, Suite 650, Houston, Texas 77079, USA) : System for acquiring sismic data for a survey. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

000366   Foster Wheeler Energia OY (NO, , Sentnerikuja 2 00440 Helsinki, Finland) : Superatmospheric pressurised filtering assembly. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

000365   Westaway R;Pringle M;Yurtmen S;Demir T; Bridgland D;Rowbotham G;Maddy D (NO, , 16 Neville Square, Durham DH1 3PY, UK) : Pliocene and quaternary surface uplift of Western Turkey revealed by long-term river terrace sequences. Curr Sci 2003, 84(8), 1090-1101.

Western Turkey form the eastern part of the Angean extensional province. In the 1980s it was accepted that vertical crustal motions in this region are caused solely by this active normal faulting, with footwall localities uplifting and hanging walls subsiding. The presence of marine sediments, interpreted as Pliocene, at altitues in excess of 400 m in some hanging wall localities provided - in the late 1980s - the first clear evidence of Pliocene-Quaternary regional surface uplift. However, it has since been argued that the incision of river gorges in this region has been caused instead by localized uplift in normal-fault footwalls. Available geomorphological and sedimentary evidence from the Denizli area, within the drainage catchment of the Buyuk Menderes river, in support of ~ 400 m of Plio-Quaternary regional surface uplift. The gorge reach of Gediz river near Usak, where a staircase of four high terraces, formed of cemented fluvial gravel at ~ 360, ~330, ~ 255, and ~ 225 m above river level, is identified. Farther downstream a similarterrace, ~ 200m above the river. Tentatively correlated with the ~ 225 m terrace upstream, was also identified within the Quaternary volcanic field around Kula. Nearby, a slightly lower (~ 190 m) terrace gravel is capped by basalt, K-Ar dated to ~ 1.2 Ma; below this, other similar terraces form a lower-level staircase.

10 illus, 1 table, 67 ref

000364   Westaway R (NO, , 16 Neville Square, Durham DH1 3PY, UK) : The effect of changes in the earth's moment of inertia during glaciation on geomagnetic polarity excursions and reversals: Implications of quarternary chronology. Curr Sci 2003, 84(8), 1105-15.

Geomagnetic polarity reversals and excursions in the quaternary correlate well with interglacial-to-glacial transitions and glacial maxima. In the Late Plesitocene, geomagnetic excursions directly correlate with the brief phases of rapid ice growth that accompany falls in global sea-level, notably during the Younger Dryas stage, Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadials 5 and 10 that precede the rapid melting events during Heinrich events H3 and H4, and during the transitions between oxygen isotope stages 5c-5b, and 5e-5d. As a result of the transfer of some of the mass of the oceans into polar ice sheets, the climate instabilities that initiate these rapid ice accumulations redistribute angular momentum and ratational kinetic energy between the Earth's mantle and inner core. The subsequent phases of rapid ice meltings, Heinrich events, reverse this effect: strengthening the field. River terrace aggradation in Europe likely to be concentrated during Heinrich events. The most important of these can now be dated throughout the Middle and Late Pleistocene, as they are expected to lag the geomagnetic excursions by no more than ~ 2 ka. Timings of these fluvial aggradations could also be constrained by observation of in situ production spikes of cosmogenic nuclides such as <^>10Be, which would allow direct correlation with the geomagnetic excurisions.