000238   Islam M S (Marine Stock Enhancement Biology Lab, Applied Biosciences Div, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan) : Preliminary observation on proximate composition of mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton) reared with three different diets. J Aquacult Trop 2003, 18(4), 299-308.

Although being a commercially and biologically important species in Indian subcontinent, mahseer is not a well-studied fish. Deals with the biochemical proximate composition of mahseer, Tor putitora and the influence of diet composition on the proximate composition of the fish. Fingerlings were reared in ponds for 150 days using 3 diets differing in formulation and proximate composition particularly in crude protein content. Three diets were referred to as diet-1 (20% crude protein), diet-2 (25% crude protein) and diet-3 (30% crude protein). Each diet was tested in duplicate. Proximate composition of the fish was determined at the start and the end of the experiment as well as from samples taken at 30 days interval. Standard methods described by the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were used for analysis. The average moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, crude fiber, and NFE contents were 77.8, 17.0, 2.4, 1.5, 0.72 and 0.58% respectively with diet-1; 77.2, 17.0, 2.7, 1.7, 0.76 and 0.65% respectively with diet-2 and 74.9, 18.7, 3.4, 1.6, 0.71, and 0.63% respectively with diet-3. The diets had significant (P<60>0.05) influence on the moisture, crude protein and the crude lipid content of fish muscle. Higher dietary protein showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.86, P <60>0.05) with the carcass protein. In contrast, dietary lipid showed negative correlation (r = -0.43, P <60>0.01). The carcass composition varied with age and growth of the fish.

1 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

000237   Indulkar S T;Belsare S G (Marine Biological Research Station, Faculty of Fisheries, Dr B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Peth Killa, Ratnagiri-415 612) : Effect of probiotics on growth and survival of post-larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Aquacult Trop 2003, 18(4), 287-97.

Experiments were conducted to find out the effect of formulated diets incorporated with different commercial probiotics on growth, feed utilization and survival of post-larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Five-day-old past-larvae obtained from same brood and batch, and acclimatized to freshwater were used in two experiments. For the first experiment, triplicate groups of post-larvae in an indoor nursery were fed for 15 days - one of the experimental diets containing 40±1.0% protein and 7.5±0.5% lipid levels incorporated with different probiotics (Gp-1, Gp-2, Gp-3, Gp-4 and Gp-5) as per their recommended doses. For the second experiment, post-larvae were fed with diets containing various doses (viz., O (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0 g Kg^-1) of probiotic (Gp-5), which had resulted in the best growth and feed utilization during the first experiment. Based on the statistical analysis (ANOVA-One Way) of both experiments, it is ascertained that the formulated diet incorporated with probiotic (Gp-5) @ 7.5 Kg^-1 of diet, consisting of combinations of Lactobacillus sporogenes (45,000 million cfu), L. acidophilus (45,000 million cfu), Bacillus subtilis (30,000 million cfu), B.licheniformis (30,000 million cfu), Saccharomyces cervisiae (125,000 million cfu) and sea weed extract (100 g Kg^-1) resulted in better growth and better feed utilization of post-larvae of M. rosenbergii during 15 days of indoor nursery rearing.

4 tables, 20 ref

000236   Devaraju T M;Venkatesha M G;Singh S (Zoology Dep, Govt. College for Women, Mandya) : Factors influencing the growth of zooplanktons in Maddur lake (Karnataka) during winter. Bionotes 2004, 6(3), 77-8.

2 tables, 8 ref

000235   Chandran M;Kumaraguru A K (School of Energy, Madurai Kamaraj University, Marurai-625 021) : Influence of various salinities of the ambient medium on the blood serum osmolality of Cyprinus carpio (L). Indian J Anim Res 2003, 37(2), 79-84.

In Cyprinus carpio the blood serum osmolality was hyperosmotic to the surrounding freshwater medium. An increase in the osmolality of the blood serum was evident when the fish was transferred to 3, 6 and 9 ppt of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. In all the test media, fluctuations in the blood osmolality of the serum was observed upto 35th day of experiment. At the end of the experiment, fluctuations in the osmolality of the blood serum decreased and the range of osmolality value in all the test media was close in all fishes. The blood serum volumes and haematocrit values are significantly elevated 3, 6 and 9 ppt exposed fishes at different period of exposures.

2 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

000234   Bhaker N R;Rajpurohit D S;Rajpurohit L S (Animal Behaviour Unit, Zoology Dep, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur-342 005) : Vocalization in Hanuman langur, Semnopithecus entellus around Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2004, 24(3), 227-33.

Presents the observation on different vocalizations and the social organization in Hanuman langur, Semnopithecus entellus around Jodhpur (western Rajasthan). Four focal groups (2 bisexual and 2 all male-bands) were followed under natural conditions for 1999-2003 in order to obtain data on vocal communication in the species. The vocal repertoires of Hanuman langur consist of at least 19 vocal patterns, concerning the degree and dimension of structural variation. The most common vocalizations are loud calls (whoops), harsh barks, cough barks, grunt barks, pant barks, grunts, honks, rumble, rumble scream, hiccup and alarm calls. Of these most common vocal repertoire is the loud calls or whoops, which are associated with preparation for movements, finalization of sitting arrangements and other events. These whoop calls can be heard over distances that are typically greater than the diameter of the home range of the group, which varies from 0.5-2.0 sq. km. The most functional explanation of long distance calls in primates has focused on their role in inter-specific communication. Social communication as a whole and vocalization with special reference is an important aspect to study and the most required phenomenon for social relationship of any species. The vocal communication plays a crucial role to maintain the coordination in a particular group of a particular population, and that rather implies to conservation of species.

1 table, 28 ref

000233   Baskaran S;Ramkrishnan R (Post-graduate Research Dep of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi-626 124) : Butterflies of scrub jungle of Courtallam forest area, Tamil Nadu. Bionotes 2004, 6(3), 84.

2 ref

000232   Banerjee K;Mukherjee T (Zoology Dep, Presidency College, Kolkata-700 073) : Distribution of micro-arthropods in relation to some physical parameters of soil at Kolkata. Bionotes 2004, 6(3), 71-2.

1 table, 2 ref

014813   Umamaheswara Rao M;Jaikumar M;Subramanian B R;Raman A V (Zoology Dep, Marine Biological Laboratory, Andhra Univ, Waltair-530 003) : Taxonomic studies on Gracilaria species (Gracilariales, rhodophyta) of Chilka lake, a brackish water lagoon, India. Seaweed Res Utilis 2009, 31(1-2), 1-6.

Morphological and anatomical characters of two varieties of Gracilaria tenuistipitata, namely var. tenuistipitata Chang et Xia and var. Liui Zhang et Xia and an unidentified Gracilaria species, occurring in the Chilka Lake were studied. Detailed descriptions of these algae are given.

8 illus, 15 ref

014812   Tamboli A S;Gaikwad A R;Korad V S (Zoology Dep, Abeda Inamdar College, Pune-411 001) : Survey of beetles (Coleoptera) from Pune district of Maharashtra State, India. Bioinfolet 2011, 8(2), 169-73.

During the survey, 24 genera and 31 species belonging to 14 families of beetles were reported from Pune District (M. S.). Agro-climatic conditions, agricultural practices and pasture areas in the vicinity were some of the factors directly concerned with diversity and distribution of this insect fauna.

3 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

014811   Syed F;Soni I;John P J;Bhatnagar P (Zoology Dep, Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: syed3_02@yahoo.co.in) : Embryotoxic and teratogenic evaluation of cyfluthrin in swiss albino mice. Toxic int 2009, 16(2), 121-6.

Pesticides are known for their toxicity on the mammalian systems including the embryonal development. Cyfluthrin (trade name: Baygon, Solfac) is used commonly in almost every household in India. It is reported to be neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and haematotoxic in rats and to cause miscarriages and resorptions in pregnant rabbits. It was therefore planned to assess its teratogenic potential in Swiss albino mice. Pregnant dams were orally administered two doses of the insecticide (16 nig/kg and 32 mg/kg body weight) during the organogenetic phase i.e. days 5-14 of gestation. There occurred a dose related decrease in the weight gained by the females during the gestation period. The higher dose affected the litter size, number of live fetuses, resorptions and the average fetal weight significantly. The fetal anomalies observed were reduced ossification of the skull bones and phalanges and widened cranial sutures.

4 tables, 32 ref

014810   Shashi Kiran;Joshi M;Garima (Zoology Dep, DAV (P.G) College, Dehradun-248 001, Email: solanki_shashi@rediffmail.com ) : Impact of di-n-butyl phthalate on haematology and biochemistry of albino rat. Toxic int 2009, 16(2), 117-19.

Di-n-butyl phthalate is a low volatile chemical added to plastic, paint, glue, hair spray, toys and house hold products. Human being and animal are exposed to di-n- butyl phthalate through air, water and food contamination in the environment. For present study, a group of six infection free rats were acclimatized under laboratory condition and divided in to two groups three in each. Group I (control) albino rat fed commercial feed with corn oil. Group II albino rats were given 50mg/kg/day di-n butyl phthalate with corn oil for 2 week. The study revealed that haemaglobin gm%, RBC and lymphocytes were decreased, 14.6% to 7.8%, 6,17-4.19millions/cmm and 78 to 44% respectively. However, number of neutrophils were increased. A significant decrease in cholesterol level (121- 51 mg/dl), protein (10 to 4.6 gm/dl) and glucose was observed in di-n-butyl phthalate exposed rats.

3 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

014809   Satpal;Jain S K;Punia J S (Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: satishjain.2008@rediffmail.com) : Biochemical changes in subacute thiodicarb toxicity in rats. Toxic int 2010, 17(1), 30-2.

Effect of thiodicarb was investigated on various biochemical parameters and blood enzymes in adult male Wistar rats following its intraperitoneal administration at rates of 2.9 and 5.8 mg/kg daily for 28 days. Rats did not exhibit any marked changes in their gross behavioral signs and symptoms. Thiodicarb caused hyperglycemia in rats; however, increase in plasma glucose level was nonsignificant. There was no effect on total plasma protein indicating no severe damage to vital organs and no interference with protein metabolism in rats. Thiodicarb did not cause significant change in blood urea and creatinine levels, thus indicating to have no toxic effect on kidneys in rats. It did not affect aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level except a significant increase in AST level only on 7th day of treatment. There was an increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), but this trend reversed on 14th and 28th day. Thiodicarb did not alter significantly the levels of alkaline phosphatase in rats. It caused inhibition of plasma and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in rats throughout the entire period of 28 days of treatment, which was dose-dependent. The findings of this investigation indicated that thiodicarb did not effect or alter much the various biochemical profiles except inhibiting AChE following i.p. administration up to 28 days in adult male rats.

2 tables, 19 ref

014808   Saha S;Ray M;Ray S (Zoology Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019) : Screening of phagocytosis and intrahemocytotoxicity in arsenic exposed crab as innate immune response. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 47-54.

Estuarine mud crab Scylla serrata (Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda) is an edible species and considered as an important member of Sundarban ecosystem. This intertidal species is widely distributed in the mudflat of Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve. Estuarine water of Sundarban is under threat of arsenic contamination due to geological and anthropological consequences. Hemocytes are the circulating blood cells of crabs and are capable of eliciting immunological response i.e. Phagocytosis of nonself particulates and generation of nitric oxide and superoxide anion as reactive oxygen species under the challenge of xenobiotics and pathogenic infection. Phagocytosis of nonself particulates is an important immunological response which was studied in hemocyte under the challenge of charcoal particle in short term culture. Exposure to sodium arsenite 96 hrs resulted a decrease in phagocytic index (PI) against control value. Capability of generation of intrahemocyte cytotoxic molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion under xenobiotics challenge is reported as potential strategy of immunological defence in Crustacea. Exposure to sodium arsenite yielded an inhibition of NO and superoxide anion generation under the challenge of charcoal particle with respect to control. Depression in the activity of phagocytosis and intrahemocytotoxicity are a strong indication of immuno-suppression resulted by arsenic in S. serrata. Disruption of hemocyte inhibition of cytotoxic response may lead to a state of alteration of immunity reported for the first time in S. serrata. Such situation in natural environment may lead to a possible decline in population density of mud crabs in its natural habitat.

3 illus, 38 ref

014807   Rudneva I I;Kuzminova N S;Skuratovskaya E N (Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Ukainian Academy of Science, Ukraine, Email: syg-41@gmail.ru) : Glutathione-S-transferase activity in tissues of black sea fish species. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 141-50.

The activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in blood and liver in two elasmobranch and ten teleost Black Sea fish species belonging to four ecological groups was studied. Enzymatic activity varied independently in blood and liver. The interspecies differences of GST activity were associated with the specific fish taxonomic position, biology and ecology. Hepatic GST level in fish was higher as compared with that in blood which could be explained by high metabolic rate in this organ, its key role in the processes of xenobiotic detoxification and specificity of enzymes composition. High GST activity in the liver of sluggish and slow swimming fish species (with the exception of scorpion fish) in relation to active forms was observed. The analysis of GST activity in different fish species taking into account their phylogenic position, specific features of ecology and physiology in different marine locations is important for the evaluation offish abilities to protect against pollutants and keep their life in the impact environments.

7 illus, 2 tables, 41 ref

014806   Rajesh E;Pilo B (Toxicology Div, Zoology Dep, M.S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, Email: rajesheswarappa@yahoo.co.in) : Single dose neurotoxicity screening studies of insecticide combination (Cypermethrin and profenofos) in wistar rats. Toxic int 2009, 16(2), 97-102.

The investigation has been taken up to determine the toxic effects of combination insecticide (Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC) on nervous system of rats. A single oral dose of test substance was administered to five rats per sex at a concentration of 25, 75 and 225mg/kg body weight to experimental animals. The animals were observed under carefully standardized conditions with sufficient frequency to ensure the detection and quantification of behavioral and/ or neurologic abnormalities. In addition, serum cholinesterase was estimated after 24 hours of dosing. Motor activity of individual animal was measured using an automated device. Perfused (in-situ) nervous tissues were examined microscopically. The test article at the dose level of 75 and 225 mg/kg induced treatment related and dose dependent neurobehavioural alterations in rats of either sex. However, observed alterations were reversible, further no structural/ histopathological alterations were apparent. Single dose of test article at 25 mg/kg did not reveal any toxic signs or neurobehavioral alterations hence, it is considered to be the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL).

2 tables, 21 ref

014805   Patil M A;Lohar P S (Vidya Pratishthan's Arts, Science & Commerce College, Baramati Pune-413 133) : Biodiversity of fishes from bhima river. Bioinfolet 2011, 8(2), 218-19.

The fish fauna of Bhima river were collected for the present study. The result of present study confirmed the occurrence of Twenty five species of fishes belonging to six orders and ten families. The family Cyprinidae was dominant with ten species followed by family Bagridae and Channidae with three species each; Siluridae and Mastacembelidae with two species each while Heteropneusridae, Cichlidae, Gobiidae, Heminamphidae and Notopteridae with single species.

1 table, 8 ref

014804   Pande M;Pathak A (NRI Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3 Sajjansingh Nagar, Raisen Road, Bhopal, Madhaya Pradesh) : Preliminary pharmacognostic evaluations and Phytochemical studies on leaf of Chenopodium album (Bathua sag). Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 91-5.

The leaves of Chenopodium album Linn (Chinopodiaceae) are reported to have great medicinal value. Pharmacognostic evaluation including examinations of morphological and microscopic characters, determination of leaf constant, ash value, powder analysis, and extractive values were carried out. Phytochemical screening including qualitative chemical examinations was also carried out.

2 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

014803   Nowinszky L;Barczikay G;Puskas J (University of West-Hungary Savaria Univ, Centre, H-9701 Szombathely Karolyi G. Square 4) : Relationship between lunar phases and the number of pest microlepidoptera specimens Caught by pheromone Traps. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 14-19.

Between 1982-1988 and 1993-2007 pheromone traps were operating in Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County (Hungary). These traps attracted 7 Microlepidoptera species as the follows: Phyllonorycter blancardella Fabr., Anarsia lineatella Z., Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff., Grapholita molesta Busck, Grapholita funebrana Tr., Cydia pomonella L. and Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn. Examined the trapping data of these species depending on the moon phases. In case of the European Vine Moth (Lobesia botrana Den.), the Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholita molesta Busck) and the Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella L.) a catch maximum is detectable in the vicinity of a new Moon. In case of the other 4 species, the catch is higher in the Last Quarter or in the waxing part of the lunation between a Full Moon and a New Moon, than in the waning one (i.e. between a new Moon and a full Moon). In the case of pheromone traps insects do not fly to a light source. The moonlight so may modify it neither the catching distance, neither the flying activity. The recognition that lunar influence is not identical with the influence of moonlight is an important new result of our work.

6 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

014802   Nagarjuna A;Jacob Doss P (Zoology Dep, Toxicology Div, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: anagarjuna78@rediffmail.com) : Protein metabolic profiles and histopathological studies in heart tissue of rats during cypermethrin toxicosis. Toxic int 2009, 16(2), 91-5.

Cypermethrin is the most widely used Type II pyrethroid pesticide because of its high effectiveness against target species and its low mammalian toxicity reported so far. It is a fast-acting neurotoxin and is known to cause free radical-mediated tissue damage. On exposure to oral sublethal doses (41 mg/kg bw) of cypermethrin as single dose, double dose and multiple dose with 48 h interval the various profiles of protein metabolism were studied in different groups of rat heart tissue. Total proteins showed decrement; whereas free amino acids, the activities of protease, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase and ammonia significantly increased in cypermethrin exposed rats. Urea content increase at all doses of exposure was not statistically significant. Thus variation in the protein metabolic profiles of the rat exposed to cypermethrin indicates its toxic effect on the cellular metabolism thereby leading to impaired protein synthetic machinery is clearly evidenced by histopathological studies.

2 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

014801   Mustapha M K (Zoology Dep, Ilorin Univ, Ilorin, Nigeria, Email: moonstapha@yahoo.com) : Seasonal influence of limnological variables on plankton dynamics of a small, shallow, tropical african reservoir. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 60-79.

Physico-chemical properties and plankton species composition, diversity and abundance of a small, shallow tropical African reservoir (Oyun reservoir, Offa, Nigeria) were investigated for two years between January 2002 and December 2003, to determine the effect of water chemistry on the seasonal assemblage of the plankton. Twenty five genera of phytoplankton in four classes and three groups of zooplankton were found from three chosen stations in the reservoir. The phytoplankton was dominated by Bacillariophyceae constituting 75.3% with 8 genera, followed by Chlorophyceae 12.22% also with 8 genera while Cyanobacteria and Desmidiaceae made up 11.12% and 0.73% with 6 and 3 genera respectively. The zooplankton comprised of Rotifer a with 8 genera, Cladocera with 3 genera and Copepoda also with 3 genera. Rotifera dominated the zooplankton constituting 71.02%, Cladocera 16.45% and Copepoda 12.53%. The presence of high amount of nutrients like nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and silica were responsible for the heterogenesity of the phytoplankton. This is reflected in the positive correlation (P<60>0.05) of the nutrients with the phytoplankton classes. Both phytoplankton and zooplankton were highly abundant in the rains and the variations were along the reservoir continuum. Fluctuations in the density of the plankton were as a result of seasonal concentration of nutrients, grazing pressure and the reservoir hydrology. Other factors such as temperature, food availability, reservoir morphometry, genus reproductive strategies and overall physico-chemistry of the water were found to strongly influence the plankton assemblage. Based on the physico-chemistry of the reservoir, the water quality is excellent; the phytoplankton assemblage diverse, zooplankton composition moderate, the fish production would be high. These conditions were as a result of strategies employed for the management of the reservoir which include the use of watershed best management practices (BMPs) to control eutrophictition and sedimentation and establishment of important priorities through legislations for water usage by space and time. Other measures that will prevent oligotrophy, hypereutrophy, excessive bloom of the phytoplankton, establishment and proliferation of toxic cyanobacteria, run-off of organic wastes and high dissolved salts were recommended for a better plankton assemblage and productivity of the reservoir.

17 illus, 10 tables, 53 ref

014800   Mustapha M K (Zoology Dep, Ilorin Univ, Horin, Nigeria) : Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829), a threatened fish species in Oyun reservior, Offa, Nigeria: the need for its conservation. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 1-7.

A decline was observed in the population density of Heterotis niloticus from Oyun reservoir over a two-year period (January, 2002-December, 2003), and the recorded decline of the species from similar reservoirs in Nigeria indicate that the species is a threatened one faced with disappearance from the reservoirs of Nigeria. Only 17 individuals of the fish were recorded in the two year study period with significant abundance of the species in 2002 and the dry seasons. The low abundance and declining population density of the species were attributed to the interactions of many factors in the reservoir such as reduced availability of food, overexploitation of the species, low rate of breed-ing, unfavorable habitat and presence of exotic species and migration of the species. To stop further decline of the species from Oyun reservoir, various conservation efforts such as stocking of the species, habitat restoration, cap-ture-release mechanism, control of invasive species, fishing legislations and regulations, public awareness and education should be geared towards the species to enhance the fisheries of the reservoir, improve aesthetical and economic values and preserve the genetic diversity of the species.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

014799   Mukherjee S;Kaviraj A (Zoology Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani-741 235) : Effect of dietary mineral supplements on the growth of fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Labeo bata (Hamilton). Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2009, 79(Pt1), 34-7.

Trials were made in 400-liter outdoor cement tanks to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of minerals for the growth of the carps Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Labeo bata (Hamilton). Three dietary conditions were used in the trial: a diet containing 2% mineral supplement (Tl), a diet devoid of mineral supplement (T2) and a diet devoid of mineral supplement but with an exogenous supply of cultured live plankton in 5ml concentrated suspension (containing 800-1220 zooplankton) for six days a week (T3). Water quality parameters did not show any significant variation during the feeding trials. Dietary mineral supplement rendered a significant increase in the growth of Labeo bata but not of Labeo rohita. Exogenous supply of zooplankton did not produce any significant impact on the growth for any of these two species of fish.

2 tables, 14 ref

014798   Mohd A;Zlna J;Tuen A A;Ridwan M;Rahman A (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, , UNIMAS, 94300 Kota, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia, Email: azlan@cdu.au) : Preliminary assessment of activity pattern and diet of the lesser dog faced fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis in a dipterocarp forest, Sarawak, Borneo. Trop Ecol 2010, 51(2), 297-302.

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

014797   Lousia M;Selvisabhanayakam;Mathivanan V (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, Email: drselvisabha@gmail.com) : Effect of pygidial secretion (Zoopesticide) on histopathological changes in the male accessory reproductive glands of adult male insect Odontopus varicornis in relation to reproduction. Toxic int 2010, 17(1), 22-6.

Indiscriminate use of pesticides for the eradication of pests causes tremendous changes to the environment and also to other nontarget organisms. To prevent such contamination of the environment and save nontarget species, zoopesticides are increasingly used as they are cost effective, eco-friendly, safe, and sustainable in the field of agriculture. The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of pygidial secretion (zoopesticide) on Odontopus varicornis. The insects were exposed to pygidial secretion for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours and its sublethal concentration was found to be about 2.8% for 48 hours. When the insects were injected with sublethal concentration 2.8% for 48 hours, the study revealed certain remarkable changes in the histopathology of the male accessory reproductive glands (MARGs) such as disintegration of epithelial cell wall, swollen nucleus, vacuolization of cytoplasm, highly pycnotic and necrotic epithelium, enlargement of epithelial cells, and disorganized tissues. It is suggested that zoopesticide causes several histopathological damages in the MARGs of O, varicornis and affects the reproductive potentiality of O. varicornis.

9 illus, 27 ref

014796   Kushwaha S;Kanaujia A (Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow, Email: sonika.jhs@gmail.com) : Ecology of vultures in and around Orcha, Madhya Pradesh. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 112-18.

Thirty years ago raptor populations in the Northern-Central India appeared to be the highest in any urban area, world wide. Diclofenac has been identified as the sole cause of vulture decline. But this catastrophic decline predates the introduction of diclofenac in the sub-continent. The ecological extinction of vultures is also leading to further changes in the species complement of scavengers. The present study was undertaken in and around Orcha; it describes the population characteristics, population dynamics and regulation of vulture population residing in the study area. Orcha lies in Tikamgarh district of Northern Madhya Pradesh. Population ecology plays a vital role in species conservation and management strategies. The data are based on the survey work carried out from February, 2006 to December, 2008. The study shows that the disturbances due to human activities, habitat loss and decrease in food availability present serious threats for the last vulture pairs in the studied areas. This study also emphasizes that there is a lot which needs to be explored in Orcha about vultures and their breeding sites.

4 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

014795   Kulloli S K;Ramasubbu R;Sreekala A K; Pandurangan A G (Plant Systematics and Evalutionary Science Div, Tropiacal Botanic Garden and Rsearch Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695 562, Email: shreekulloli@gmail.com) : Cytochemical localization of stigma- surface esterases in three species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Western ghats. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 106-111.

The study deals with the qualitative test for cytochemical localization of non-specific esterases on stigma-surface of three rare and endemic balsams viz., Impatiens flaccida Arn., I. verticillata Wight, and I. fruticosa Leschen. Ex DC. of Western Ghats. The style is very short, solid and stigma is wet and non-papillate in all three candidate species. Stigma lobes are star shaped, when it shows maximum receptivity in all cases. In all the selected Impatiens species, stigma surface esterases could be detected as a thin layer (pellicle) from stigma of flower after the anther shedding. The esterases copiously present on stigmatic lobes and slightly on the stigmatic head. The Impatiens species showed variation in stigma receptivity period and hence, it would not be supported simultaneous pollen germination and tube growth. The growth of pollen tube and stigma receptivity was incorporated with the presence of specific esterases on stigma surface.

1 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

014794   Kori-Siakpere O;Ikomi R B;Ogbe M G (Animal and Environmental Biology Dep, Delta State Univ, P,M.B.I., Abraka Nigeria) : Variations in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the plasma of the African catfish: Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of Potassium permanganate. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 170-4.

Variations in plasma acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase of the fish Glorias gariepinus subjected to sublethal concentrations (2.0; 6.0 and 10.0 mg/L) of potassium permanganate over a period of 192 hrs were studied in a semistatic (renewal) system. There was generally a gradual increase in the levels of plasma acid phosphatase in the C. gariepinus with increase in concentration of the KMnO₄. Significant differences (P<60>0.05) were observed in the means of plasma acid phosphatase levels in the treated fish with increase in the concentration and exposure time. The increase was associated with the decrease in stability of liver lysosome membrane or with liver damage, which reflects proliferation of lysosomes in attempt to sequester the toxic xenobiotic. Similarly, significant differences were observed in the means of plasma alkaline phosphatase levels in the treated fish with increase in the concentration (P<60>0.05). This decrease may be due to the damage and dysfunction of the liver.

2 tables, 24 ref

014793   Kler T K (Zoology Dep, P.A.U., Ludhiana-141 004) : Avian diversity observed in some agricultural habitats of Ludhiana, Punjab. Pestology 2009, 33(10), 46-51.

Ninety seven species of birds belonging to 40 families in 14 orders were recorded in the villages namely Dhakha, Mullanpur, Pandori and Sidhwan Khurd of Ludhiana district during a study on the avifauna carried out by direct observations from March 2003 to March 2006. The order Passeriformes was highest in dominance. Status, abundance, distribution and feeding habits of birds in relation to three habitat types like tree habitat, crop fields and fish ponds was worked out. It is an attempt to document avifauna which is pre-requisite for site-based bird conservation approach.

2 table, 19 ref

014792   Khan S;Jain S (Zoology Dep, Government College, Ajmer, Rajasthan-305 001, Email: drjainsanjay@gmail.com) : Statistical effect of toxicity of cadmim chloride on glycogen content in Lebistes reticulatus. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2010, 22(1), 25-30.

The biochemical content like glycogen was estimated quantitatively in the tissue liver and kidney of control and cadmium chloride treated fish. The experimental fish were exposed to higher and lower sub lethal concentration (one-tenth and one-third of the 96hr LC₅₀ value) of cadmium chloride for 15, 30 and 45 days at 35°C. In both the tissues a significant reduction in glycogen level has been observed on the 45th day of exposure using statistical F test.

2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

014791   Jamuna S;Noorjahan C M (PG & Research Dep of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women, Teynampet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: jamuna_padmasanker@yahoo.com) : Treatment of sewage waste water using water hyacinth - Eichhornia sp and its reuse for fish culture. Toxic int 2009, 16(2), 103-6.

The absorption of heavy metals like chromium, copper and zinc present in the sewage waste water using aquatic plant, water hyacinth - Eichhornia sp were studied. The experimental setup (100% untreated and treated sewage samples) was prepared and the water hyacinth plants were introduced into the tubs. After 96 hrs, sewage samples were analysed and the results showed an active reduction in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals. The biotreated sample was reused for Aquaculture of fish - Tilapia mossambica for a period of 60 days. The growth study was carried out and the maximum growth was recorded in biotreated samples. After the growth study, the histology procedures were carried out on the target organs such as brain, gills, liver and muscles. The histology and histopathology results revealed the degeneration of nerve cells, fusion of secondary lamella of gills, vacuolization of hepatocytes, swelling and longitudinal splitting of muscle fibres were seen in 100% untreated and treated sample but the 100% biountreated and biotreated sample resembled as like control animals.

2 tables, 16 ref

014790   Jacob J;Joseph S K (Postgraduate Dep of Zoology, Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha-686 661, Email: jishajaiji@yahoo.com) : Faunal diversity of a pond in relation to its physico-chemical characteristics. Sci Soc 2010, 8(1), 39-48.

The physico-chemical characteristics of aquatic ecosystems have direct influence on the types and distribution of biota. Any change in the physico-chemical parameters of an ecosystem adversely affects biological communities. Major effects involve loss of productivity, changes in growth, altered diversity, changes in ecosystem process and loss of valuable species. The changes in turn may be economically, aesthetically or socially important. Hence, the present study was carried out to understand the physico-chemical parameters and biota of a pond in Vazhakulam at Manjalloor Panchayath, Ernakulam District, Kerala for a period of one year. Physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and hardness were determined on a monthly basis. The biota of the pond was also observed during the study period. The pond harbours a variety of living organisms including aquatic plants, planktons, other invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and aquatic birds.

3 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

014789   Green M J B;How R;Padmalal U K G K; Dissanayake S R B (NO, , 33 The Close, Norwich, NR1 4DZ, United Kingdom, Email: moschus@tiscali.co.uk) : Importance of monitoring biological diversity and its application in Sri Lanka. Trop Ecol 2009, 50(1), 41-56.

Sri Lanka, together with the Western Ghats in southern India, is one of the 34 global hotspots for biological diversity. Much of this diversity, in terms of species, is endemic to the island. While much of Sri Lanka's flora and fauna has been collected and described prior to the 20th century, quantitative information about their distribution and status is limited, and many new species continue to be discovered. The Department of Wildlife Conservation has recently embarked on an ambitious initiative to benchmark and subsequently monitor key taxonomic groups of plants and animals that occur within its protected areas. This is in line with the Convention on Biological Diversity, which requires Member States to identify and monitor the components of biological diversity important for its conservation and sustainable use. This paper considers the importance of monitoring biological diversity, reviews current methodologies and describes the approach developed for protected areas in Sri Lanka.

6 illus, 4 tables, 49 ref

014788   Etuk E U;Bello S O;Isezuo S A;Mohammed B J (Pharmacology and Mediciene Dep, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univ, Sokoto, Nigeria) : Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the north western region of Nigeria. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 55-9.

Ethnobotanical survey was conducted to document plant remedies used for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus (DM) in three randomly selected states in north western Nigeria. Data were collected by oral interviews of herbal medical practitioners (Herbalist) and their responses recorded in a prepiloted forms. The data obtained were further analyzed, collated and tabulated to give the botanical names, common names, local names, families and the parts of the plants used. The results showed that, thirty four different plant species were cited by the Herbalist as being used in the area for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Two plants, Mangifera indica and Vernonia amygdalina were ranked highest based on Informant consensus. All the Herbalists interviewed had no formal education. They inherited the knowledge of their practices from their fore parents, relatives or friends. This high number of medicinal plants recorded perhaps indicated the rich plant diversity of the area.

2 tables, 20 ref

014787   Dhir V;Dhand P (NO, Sikh National College, Qadian-143 516, Email: vaneetdhir@yahoo.co.in) : Toxicological approach in chronic exposure to lead on reproductive functions in female rats (Rattus norvegicus). Toxic int 2010, 17(1), 1-7.

Lead being a toxic cumulative poison and an environmental pollutant, experiments were conducted at an oral chronic dose of (60 mg/kg/day) for 90 days on adult female rats (Rattus Norvegicus) and its effect on the reproductive functions in relation to the biochemical effects was studied. It was observed that the chronic dose of lead caused an elevation in the level of proteins, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in all the soft tissues studied indicating tissue damage. It also inhibited the level of acetylcholinesterase in all the tissues. Fertility tests by pairing treated females with males showed that lead-treated female showed irregular estrous cycle and the fertility rate dropped to 40% as female pups of lead-treated mothers showed loss in weight, high mortality rate, poor growth rate, and late vaginal opening. Histological studies of ovary showed atresia in all the stages of folliculogenesis sustaining the poor fertility observations. The present study revealed that lead caused great tissue damage and affected reproductive performance of female rats at a chronic dose.

4 illus, 5 tables, 44 ref

014786   Dange M P;Rathore A (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. Arts and Sceince College, Ratlam Madhya Pradesh-457 001) : Karyotypic studies on four species of scarabaeidae (Polyphaga : coleoptera). Bioinfolet 2010, 7(4), 320-3.

Karyological investigations were carried out on adult male beetles, viz, Phalops divisus (Wiedman), P. olivaceous Lansberg, Hybosorus orientalis (Westwood) and Bolboceras sp. All species exhibited the 'modal' Polyphagan karyotype 2n = 20:9 + Xy_p sex mechanism.

1 table, 11 ref

014785   Dandapat A;Banerjee D;Chakraborty D (NO, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: dr_dandapat@yahoo.co.in) : Disappearing house sparrow (Passer domesticus indicus). Vet Wld 2010, 3(2), 97-100.

The fluffy brown sparrows are 15cm in length and distributed all over India up to 4000m in the Himalayas. The disappearance of sparrows has been widely reported in India. The sparrow population in Andhra Pradesh alone had dropped by 80 per cent, and in other states like Kerala, Gujarat and Rajasthan, it had dipped by 20 per cent, while the decline in coastal areas was as sharp as 70 to 80 per cent. But reliable information on sparrow populations is not available. No one is actually counting and keeping a record of the sparrows. The spread of diseases due to decline in sparrow population is an alarming danger. Introduction of unleaded petrol, use of chemically treated seeds, flow of electromagnetic waves from cellphone towers, reducing areas of free growing weeds or reducing numbers of badly maintained buildings, competition for food by other species etc. are possible reasons for this disappearance. The Bird Life International, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), a UK-based organisation and the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) have taken plan for the protection of sparrow population.

14 ref

014784   Dalvi R R;Dalvi P S;Billups L H (Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Dep, College of Veterinary Medici, Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088, U.S.A., Email: rdalvi@tuskegee.edu) : Comparative liver metabolism and toxicity of carbon disulfide influenced by various inducers of P450 isoenzymes in rats. Toxic int 2009, 16(2), 83-9.

The objective of this study was to examine differential metabolism of CS₂ by various hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes including CYP1A1, CYP2B1, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 induced by their selective inducers and to determine if there is a correlation between its metabolic activation and hepatotoxicity. Because 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), phenobarbital (PB), isoniazid (INH), and pregnenolone-16D-carbonitrile (PCN) are typical selective inducers of CYP1A1, CYP2B1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2, respectively, they were chosen in this study to pretreat male Sprague-Dawley rats for induction of the CYP isoforms. Twenty-four h following the final dose of 3 daily doses of the inducers, rats were treated ip with a single dose of 380 mg/kg of CS₂. Half of the rats in each group were sacrificed at 3 h after CS₂ treatment to identify inhibited isoenzymes since CS₂ is metabolized by them in a suicide substrate manner. The remaining animals in the group were sacrificed at 24 h following CS₂ treatment to determine hepatic damage using serum ALT activity and liver histopathology as the indices of toxicity. At 3 h after treatment, activities of all CYPs (1A1, 2B1, 2E1 and 3A2) were inhibited by CS₂ significantly and differentially. However, the inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP3A2 was reversed at 24 h post-treatment with no serious liver damage. On the other hand, the inhibition of CYP2B1 and CYP2E1 was irreversible and accompanied by severe liver damage especially in phenobarbital-pretreated rats. The results of this study suggest that induced CYP2B1 and to a lesser extent CYP2E1 are responsible for the bioactivation of CS₂ and the observed liver damage.

3 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

014783   Bhowate C S;Siddiqui M S;Mulgir M T (Zoology and Fishery Science Dep, Science College, Nanded, Maharashtra) : A new record of the catfish- Clupisoma bastari from Godavari river in Nanded district, Marathwada region (M.S.). Bioinfolet 2011, 8(2), 163.

3 ref

014782   Bhawankar A S;Mudkhede L M;Shivanikar S V (Zoology Dep, N.S.B. College, Nanded) : Icthyofaunal study of Kudala dam TQ. Umari Dist. Nanded, (M.S.). Bioinfolet 2011, 8(2), 162.

Icthyofaunal study was carried out to study fish fauna of Kudala dam, taluka Umari, Dist. Nanded, Maharashtra.State, during Jan to Dec 2009, during which 20 fish species belonging to 6 orders and 9 families were reported.

7 ref

014781   Bhargavi G Y;Prasanna D;Padmini S (Zoology Dep, S. N. Vanita maha Vidyalaya, Exhibition Grounds, Nampally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : In vitro studies on anti helminthic activity of Carica papaya seeds on metacercaria of Euclinostomum hetrostomum. Bioinfolet 2011, 8(2), 184-6.

Decreased glucose, glycogen and increased lactic acid levels was observed in maetacercarias of Channa punctatus due to the treatment of Carica papaya seed extract. This indicates blockage of glucose uptake, and it can be concluded that seed extract of C. papaya may be inhibiting energy generating pathway and exhibit effective antihelminthic property.

1 table, 17 ref

014780   Attrie P K;Verma S;Meenakshi T (Institute of Integrated Himalayan Studies, (UGC-Centre of Excellence) HPU, Shimla, Email: dr_pk@rediffmail.com) : Mountain hills beekeeping and its economic efficiency of district Chamba (Himachal Pradesh). Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 96-100.

Traditional beekeeping with Apis cerana is shown to be more economical than with exotic bee, Apis mellifera. Ten Apis cerana colonies required capital investment of Rs. 119.70, whereas for keeping with 46.25 Apis mellifera colonies it was Rs. 31152.05 (i.e. Rs. 6735.50 for 10 colonies). Beekeeping with Apis cerana required less investment than with Apis mellifera. Beekeeping with A. cerana is more suitable for subsistence for marginal area, whereas beekeeping with A. mellifera is more suited for commercial beekeeping for high potential beekeeping areas with abundant bee flora and monocultures for migratory beekeeping. Although ratio of profit/income to production cost is much higher with A. cerana beekeeping but total/absolute annual profit/income with A. mellifera are comparatively much higher. The magnitude of beekeeping with Apis cerana may decrease but beekeeping with Apis mellifera can never take its place in Chamba district of H.P. especially for maintaining the traditional heritage of the tribal hilly area.

1 table, 6 ref

014779   Anitaha L;Chandralekha K (Food Science and Technolog Dep, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM Univ, Visakhapatnam) : Effect of supplementation of spirulina on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile of male non-insulin dependent diabetics. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 36-46.

The study was undertaken to know the effect of supplementation of Spirulina on fasting blood glucose, fasting glycosylated haemoglobin and lipid profile of male NIDDM volunteers belonging to 45 - 60 years of age. A total of one hundred and sixty diabetics were selected (n = 160) for the study. The total sample was divided into four groups depending upon their diet, drugs and insulin dosage (group - I, II, III and IV). Group-I was control group and groups-II, III and IV were experimental groups. Group - II experimental groups were only on dietary regime, group-Ill with diet and drugs and group-IV were on diet, drugs and insulin. Spirulina was supplemented for 12 weeks (90 days) of 2 capsules (Each capsules 500 mg glascobr and) per day. There was a statistically significant reduction (P <60> 0.001) from pre to post levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile levels of the diabetics. There was an increase in HDL -cholesterol levels from pre to post. From the study it can be concluded that Spirulina is a potent neutraceutical both as a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent in NIDDM volunteers.

5 tables, 15 ref

014778   Acharya B K;Vijayan L;Chettri B (NO, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore-641 108, Email: acharya2skm@gmail.com) : Brid community of Shingba Rhododendron wildlife sanctuary, Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya, India. Trop Ecol 2010, 51(2), 149-59.

Described the bird community of Shingba Rhododendron sanctuary, a high altitude protected area (<62> 3200 m) and an Important Bird Area (IBA) in Sikkim in the Eastern Himalaya, India. Altogether 332 points were sampled using a point count method. A total of 2545 birds belonging to 100 species and 22 families were recorded, including three new records for Sikkim. Non-parametric estimators Jackknife 1 and Jackknife 2 estimated 112 and 110 species, respectively. The observed species combined with previous records yielded 114 total species of birds in the sanctuary. Bird species richness in Shingba is higher compared to other parts of the Himalaya at similar elevations. Bird species richness and abundance showed significant variation among seasons with a peak during monsoon. Species abundance data followed a truncated log normal distribution, indicative of a diverse community. Due to heavy tourist influx, the sanctuary is subjected to various threats. Conservation issues and management measures of the sanctuary are discussed in brief with some recommendations.

3 illus, 1 table, 50 ref

014777   Abhlash M;Anusha M;Makari H K (Biotechnology Dep, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore) : Homology modelling and Insilico analysis of RNA -dependent RNA polymerase Pb2 Protein from H1N1 influenza a virus. Asian J expl biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 20-9.

World wide spread of H1N1 Influenza a Virus has raised concerns. Modelling of Polymerase PB2 protein of Influenza A virus (A/Sakai/1/2009 (H1N1)) Polymerase PB2 (HA) protein was done using Modeller 9V2. Modelled protein structure was subjected to Insilco analysis using various Bioinformatics tools. Two anti-influenza drugs currently being used to treat infected patients are oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Reports of the emergence of drug resistance make the development of new anti-influenza molecules a priority. Hence, modelled structure of H1N1 Polymerase PB2 will be very useful for insilico analysis of potential Polymerase PB2 inhibitors. Modelled protein has been submitted to Protein modelling Database, Modelled H1N1 Polymerase PB2 protein can be downloaded from PMDB using accession number PM0075832.

5 illus, 12 ref

013685   Yasmin R;Minakshi Kumari;Vijay Kumar (Zoology Dep, Gaya College, Gaya) : Respiratory metabolism of normal and gonadal hormones treated fish, Channa straitus (Bloch). Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(1), 115-6.

The injection of testosterone propionatc brought about highly significant increase in aquatic and total oxygen uptake in males though the lower dose of this hormone proved to be most effective. Treatment of progesterone brought about significant decrease in aerial and total oxygen uptake in females in C. striatus (Bloch).

1 table, 10 ref

013684   Yankanchi S R;Dhatunde C D;Kamble A K (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Maharshtra) : Larvidical activity of Clerodendrum inerme L. leaf extract against malarial vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi (Liston). Natn J Life Sci 2010, 7(2), 105-7.

An attempt was made to find out the effective extraction duration from the petroleum ether extract of C.inerme leaves. Different duration (4, 8,12,16,20 and 24 h) of extracts were tested for larvicidal activity against late 3rd instar larvae of malarial vector mosquito, A. stephensi (Diptera : Culicidae). A 24 h bioassay was conducted in glass beakers of 250 ml of test solutions at five concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 ppm). The results revealed that 8 and 12 hours exposure duration of extracts were highly effective. The observed LC₅₀ values were observed less than 100 ppm. Similarly, 4 and 16 hrs exposure duration of extracts were moderately toxic. The LC₅₀ values were more than 100 ppm 20 and 24 hrs exposure duration of extracts demonstrated less toxic activity. The LC₅₀ values were more than 150 ppm against malarial vector mosquito. Therefore, 8 and 12 hrs exposure duration of extracts could be effective for the control of mosquitoes at rural area of high risk from mosquito borne diseases.

1 table, 27 ref

013683   Tripathy S K;Gaur K K;Sarangi N (NO, Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa) : Generation mean analysis for head and body morphometries of Catla catla (HAM.) and Labeo rohita (HAM.) backcross progenies (B₁ and B₂). Natn J Life Sci 2010, 7(2), 137-40.

The backcross generations of Catla catla (Ham.) and Labeo rohita (Ham.) viz. - B₁ and B₂ were developed in Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, South Andaman, India. Elite varieties from the B₁ generation possessed broader and deeper head in comparison to rohu elites. Generation mean analysis was carried out to find the genetic interactions for head and body morphometries involving scaling scaling test, six parameter model and chi-square test which revealed presence of all three types of genetic interactions and significant mean genetic effect.

4 tables, 11 ref

013682   Swaroop S;Tripathi G (Zoology Dep, N.S.C.B. Govt. Girls P.G. College, Aliganj, Lucknow) : Relative changes in mannerism of cardiovascular risk factors with myocardial infarction in Lucknow city. Natn J Life Sci 2010, 7(1), 23-4.

The current research attempted to find the 2-year trend of cardiovascular risk factors and common heart related sickness like angina and arrhythmia. Chi-square test showed that in comparison to the total 2-year study period, the proportion of arrhythmias increased and hypertension decreased significantly in the second year. Moreover, the prevalence of occurrence of myocardial infarction (in under 45 year age) decreased significantly in the second year study period. The purpose of this study is to help physicians to detect risk factors associated with reduced time between two episodes of myocardial infarction after the occurrence of first episode.

10 ref

013681   Suryawanshi S G;Maske D K;Shinde G B;Bhagwan H K (Zoology Dep, Shri C.S. Maha. Shrigonda, Ahemadnagar) : New tapeworm Lytocestus shindei N.SP. (Cestoda : Lytocestiidae) from Clarias batrachus at Rahuri dist. Ahmednagar (M.S.). Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(1), 148-50.

The present communication deals with a new species Lytocestus shindei from Clarias batrachus. It differs from all the known species of the genus with characters of scolex medium, gonads posteriorly, tcstes medium, oval, 1570-1590 (1580), Preovarian, cirrus pouch preovarian, cirrus slightly curved, vas deferns thin, ovary distinctly bilobed, ovarian follicules 22 to 27 in number, vagina tubular, ootype oval, genital pore small, oval, uterus coiled tube, uterine pore bean shaped, vitellaria granular.

3 illus, 19 ref

013680   Subodha Karna K;Baliarsingh M M;Patro L;Panda S (NO, Chilika Development Authority, C-11, B.J.B. Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa) : Sextor wise distribution and length-weight relationship (LWR) of two species of perches (Jerreomorpha setifer and Rhabdosargus sarba) in chilika lagoon, Orissa. Natn J Life Sci 2010, 7(1), 55-8.

A total of 3471 fish samples of Jerreomorpha setifer and 2297 number of Rhabdosargus sarba species were randomly collected from the month of September,2007 to August,2008. Length weight relationship (LWR) and sector-wise distribution was studied in the Asia's largest brackish water lagoon. Central sector (brackish) and Northern sector (fresh water zone) are two ecological sectors were selected. The study examines the growth and distribution pattern of Jerreomorpha setifer and Rhabdosargus sarba in two sectors. The samples were separated by body size as juveniles (<60>70 mm and <60>100 mm), sub-adults (70 mm-100 mm and 100-200 mm), adults (100mm<60> and 200mm<60>) of Jerreomorpha setifer and Rhabdosargus sarba respectively. In northern sector, the juveniles of Jerreomorpha setifer are found in Februar.y-March,2008 and March-April,2008 in central sector. But in Rhabdosargus sarba the juveniles were visible in March-April,2008 in both the sectors. In November-December,2007; the adults of Jerreomorpha setifer are found maximum in both the sectors. A great difference occurs in case of Rhabdosargus sarba, i.e. November-December,2007 in Northern sector and January-February,2008 in central sector. In case of sub-adult, no much sectoral distribution observed. But no specific sectoral distribution of the two species was marked in adult throughout the lagoon. Hence, it is clear that the above data of both the parameters sufficiently help to draw the inference of the favorable condition and suitable habitat of the aforesaid fishes in the Chilika lagoon.

3 illus, 1 table, 29 ref