011325   Mohanty B P;Bhattacharjee S;Mondal K;Das M K (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120, Email: bimalmohanty12@rediffmail.com) : HSP70 expression profiles in white muscles of riverine catfish Rita rita promise as biomarker for pollution monitoring in tropical rivers. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2010, 33(5-6), 177-82.

The precise measurements of proteins are essential for static and dynamic as well as descriptive and predictive biological research as some of them prove to be useful as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. The heat shock proteins 70 (HSP 70) are important biomarkers in stress response; the constitutive HSP70 is crucial for the chaperonine functions of unstressed cells, where as the inducible HSP70 is important for allowing cells to cope with acute stress, especially those affecting the protein machinery. HSP70 in molluscs has been widely used as a biomarker in marine environmental monitoring. In the present study HSP70 expression profiles in different tissues of the riverine catfish Rita rita was evaluated as a biomarker for monitoring pollution in the riverine environment. Protein expression was detected in muscle, liver, kidney and gill tissues by 1-dimensional (1-D) immunoblot analysis using monoclonal anti-HSP70 antibody. 2-D immunoblot analysis of soluble white muscle protein extract revealed some interesting patterns. In many samples a single spot was seen; however, in some cases two spots and in few cases a third light spot was seen. Presence of HSP70 protein patterns in the tropical fish Rita rita white muscles, similar to those reported in marine mussels from temperate regions makes us believe that HSP70 can be a potential biomarker for aquatic pollution monitoring of the tropical rivers and thus merits further investigation.

^ssc2 illus, 27 ref

011324   Mohan Kumar H M;Predeep Kumar;Reddy N; Basavaraju Y (Zoology & Genetics Dep, Govt. Science College, Bangalore) : Sex reversal in common carp, cyprinus carpio using 17 α-methyl-dl-hydroxy-testosterone. Proc Zool Soc India 2010, 9(2), 1-9.

Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is an important species for aquaculture and enhanced fisheries. It has a number of advantages over the other fish species. However, one of the major disadvantages is that it exhibits early sexual maturation in production ponds, resulting in small sized fishes at harvest. Considering the potential of the species, there is a need to find suitable solution to this problem. The production of monosex population is one of the options. Fry of different size groups were treated with androgen 17 α-methyl-di-hydroxy-testosterone (MDHT). MDHT treatments at 50 and 100 mg kg^-1 resulted in complete masculinization (100% male) in "small" size 50 days old common carp. The results indicate the potential of MDHT for the production of mono sex common carp population.

1 illus, 5 table, 13 ref

011323   Mohan Kumar H M;Basavaraju Y (Zoology & Genetics Dep, Govt. Science College, Bangalore) : Assessment of triploidy in fish through red blood cell nuclear major axis measurement. Proc Zool Soc India 2010, 9(2), 73-7.

The problem of early sexual maturation, unwanted and uncontrolled reproduction of common carp fish has been identified as the likely major problem facing culturists, especially in the tropics. It was therefore proposed in the present study to find practical and viable solutions by the production of sterile triploid populations through chromosome manipulation. Triploid fish being mostly sterile have low energy losses on gonadal growth, resulting in a better food conversion ratio in terms of edible meat. After the treatment it is very importaoi, to assess the ploidy status of the resulting products. Of all the available methods measurement of RBC nuclear major axis is the simple method with high accuracy. Results of the present study clearly show the difference in the size of diploid and triploid RBC nucleus.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

011322   Minakshi Kumari;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga) : Effect of pesticides on the calorific values in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) with special reference to Antagonistic and synergtistic phenomenon. Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 281-2.

The effect of subiethal concentration of certain pesticides with special reference to synergistic and antagonistic phenomenon on the calorific values have been studied in an air breathing fresh water siluoid fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). The calorific value of the control group of fishes was 3.32 K.cal/g dry weight, The treatment of Metacid 50 (A), Dithane M-45 (B) and Kelthane EC (C) bring about significant decrease in calorific values. The combination of A+C, B+C, A+B and A+B+C make the effect synergistic. The effective hirachy were in the following sequence -A+B <62> B+C <62> A+B+C <62> A+C, The TLm (24h) values of different biocides (including various combinations) have also been calculated at 24±10C. The significance of this study as bioindicater and in water quality management has been discussed.

1 tables, 11 ref

011321   Meera B K;Katre S;Shakunthalanna L (Zoology and Genetics Dep, Government Science College, Nrupatunga Road, Bangalore-560 001) : Histological studies on the reproductive system of a freshwater male brachyuran crab Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricius). Proc Zool Soc India 2010, 9(2), 19-24.

Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricius), commonly called the freshwater tropical rice land crab, belongs to the family parathelphusidae (sub. family: spirolothelphusidae) of the class Crustacea. Though lot of studies have gone on different aspects of biology of Indian freshwater brachyuran crabs including neuroendocrine regulation of physiological processes, histomorphology of the nervous system, histochemical studies in. relation to reproduction, studies on reproductive cycle and associated biochemical/nutritional changes; it is imperative that some of the basic information on the histology of the reproductive system is not documented. Since reproductive success is a dependable measure of the 'ecological bonitation' of any species (Hanson, 1962), it is essential to learn how the gonadal activity of any species is strategically brought to a viable completion through the effective and timely activity of essential and accessory reproductive structures. Thus, the gathered data on histological aspects of different regions of the generative system like testis, anterior -mid-posterior vas deferens and genital papilla of a male freshwater brachyuran crab has been presented.

5 illus, 7 ref

011320   Meera B K;Katre S;Shakunthalamma L (Zoology and Genetics Dep, Government Science College, Nrupatunga Road, Bangalore-560 001) : Morphology and morphometric studies on the reproductive system of a freshwater male brachyuran crab Oziotelphus senex Senex (Fabricius). Proc Zool Soc India 2010, 9(2), 11-17.

Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricius), commonly called the freshwater tropical rice land crab, belongs to the family parathelphusidae (sub. family: spirolothelphusidae) of the class Crustacea. Though lot of studies have gone on different aspects of biology of Indian freshwater brachyuran crabs including neuroendocrine regulation of physiological processes, histomorphology of the nervous system, bistochemical studies in relation to reproduction, studies on reproductive cycle and associated biochemical/ nutritional changes; it is imperative that some of the basic information on the morphology and morphometry of the reproductive system is not documented. Since reproductive success is a dependable measure of the 'ecological bonitation' of any species (Hanson, 1962), it is essential to learn how the gonadal activity of any species is strategically brought to a viable completion through the effective and timely activity of essential and accessory reproductive structures. Thus, the gathered data on morphology and morphometry of the generative system of a male freshwater brachyuran crab has been presented in this paper with the statistical analysis and discussion.

4 illus, 2 table, 12 ref

011319   Manyata Kumari;Panedy A K (Zoology Dep, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga) : Effect of L-thyroxine and thioracil on total oxygen consumption in an air breathing fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 277-8.

Studies on the effect of L-thyroxine and thioracil administration were made on total oxygen consumption in an obligate air breathing fish, Ababas testudineus (Bloch). The total oxygen uptake (i.e. both through aquatic and aerial route) of control group of fishes were 88.58 ± 2.07 cc/kg/h. Treatment of physiological dose (0.5 and 1.0 mg/100 g) of L-thyroxine brought significant increase while treatment of higher dose of thiouracil caused significant decrease in total oxygen uptake in this fish. The reason of such changes have been discussed in this paper.

1 table, 10 ref

011318   Manjusha C;Suneetha Devi D;Ramakrishna G V; Jyothirmayee (Zoology Dep, S.N. Vanitha Mahavidyalaya, Nampally, Hyderabad) : Transaminases activity in male and female parasite of Camallanus ranae (Khera, 1954): a parasite of Rana tigrina. Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 235-6.

The glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases catalyse the reaction between aspartic acid and alpha keto glutamate to form glutamate and oxaloacetic acid, where as the glutamate pyruvate transaminases catalyse the reaction between alanine and keto giutaratc in form glutamate and pyruvate. The activity of glutamate pyruvate was more than glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and when compared to those of female parasites, the male parasites of camallanus ranae had more enzymatic activity.

1 table, 13 ref

011317   Madhabi Das;Chauhan R (Zoology Dep, Govt. M.L.B. Girls Autonomous College, Bhopal) : Zooplankton diversity in a freshwater body of Bhopal. Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 247-9.

Study of a freshwaterbody of Bhopal was carried out to determine the zooplankton diversity. The waterbody receive water from domestic discharges, drainge water from BHEL factory premises and rainwater which accumulates during rainy season. In all 19 species of zooplankton were investigated, out of which 10 species belong to Rotifera, 5 to Cladocera, 2 to Copepoda and one representative each from Ostracoda and Protozoa. The presence of certain indicator species confirmed the findings that the water of this waterbody is slightly enriched.

5 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

011316   Lakshmipyari W;Zenithng;Gambhiar R K (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Parasitology Section, Canchipur-795 003) : Helminth fauna of four reptilian hosts in Manipur, India. Proc Zool Soc India 2010, 9(2), 61-72.

Describes 3 nematodes and 3 trematodes recovered from 4 different host species in Manipur. They are Oswaldocruzia goezi (Skrzabin et Schultz, 1952) from intestine of Tmpidonotus piscator; Kalicephalus laticaudae (Yamaguti, 1935) from stomach of Naja naja; Thelandros maplestonei (Chatterji, 1933) from intestine and rectum of Hemidactylus flaviviridis; Paradistomoides gregarium (Tubangui, 1929) from intestine and gall bladder of Calotes versicolor; Postorchigenes ovatus (Tubangui, 1928) from intestine and rectum of Hemidactylus flaviviriis; and Encylometra imphalenis (Gyaneswori et al, 2005) from stomach of Tropidonotus piscator. Their detail descriptions and dimensions are given.

6 illus, 6 ref

011315   Kharoo V K (Zoology Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Email: kharoolg@gmail.com) : On the trematode genus Tylodelphys diesing, 1850 (Digenea: diplostomatidae (Poirier, 1886) dubois, 1953 with description of Tylodelphys uniqum sp.nov., from Indian darter Anhinga melanogaster. Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 237-42.

Tylodelphys uniqum sp.nov. a digenean parasite of the intestine of Anhinga melanogaster (Pennant,1769) is described as a new species from Allahabad. Although the general morphology of the digenetics collected by the author resemble Tylodelphys darieri and Tylodelphys Indiana described by Mehra in 1962 from the same host in India, however, there are marked variations in position of tribocytic organ, size of suckers and pharynx, shape and size of testes and ovary, extent and distribution of vitellaria, besides a unique body shape in the new species. From the other closely resembling species T. rauschi (Singh,1956) Odening, 1970 (from the collection of Odening) in Dissoura e. episcopus reported from India, the new species can be distinguished in total body length, size of suckers, testes and ovary. The specimens under study are characterized from other species reported from other parts of the world principally in shape of body, shape and size of gonads, distribution of vitellaria, ratio of suckers and position and size of tribocytic organ which have been commented upon wherever necessary. The history of the genus has also been discussed. A comparative dimensions recorded by different authors of certain species along with the new species is also discussed in the present paper.

2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

011314   Kapil Kumar;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga) : Effect of pesticides on bimodal oxygen uptake in an air breathing fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 256-8.

The effect of two pesticides namely Metacid-50 (organophosphate) and Dithane M-45 (Carbamate) were studied on changes in bimodal oxygen uptake of an air breathing fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.) The mean values of aquatic, aerial and total oxygen uptake of control group of fishes (40.0±1.5 g) were recorded as 51, 447, 2.72 and 54.167 cc/kg/ h respectively. Exposure of fishes to above noted pesticides brought significant decrease both in aquatic and total oxygen uptake and significant increase in oxygen uptake through aerial route as compared to control The reason for such changes has been discussed in this paper.

1 table, 22 ref

011313   Gupta Y C;Sharma M K (Zoology Dep, B S A College, Mathura-281 004) : Report of the genus Saldula with the descripation of new species from India (Hempiptera: Heteroptera, Saldidae). Proc Zool Soc India 2010, 9(2), 105-8.

The genus Saldula is reported for the first with the description of a new species, S. baijali sp.nov. from India.

6 ref

011312   Dey S;Kharbuli S M (Electron Microscopy Div, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, North Eastern Hill Univ, Shillong-793 022, Email: sudipdey.dey1@gmail.com) : Transmission electron microscopical evaluation of environmental acid stress in hill stream fish, Devario aequipinnatus. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2010, 33(5-6), 183-6.

The acidic pH in the natural habitat of the ornamental fish, Devario aequipinnatus in the hill streams of Meghalaya causes severe physiological stress, which is reflected in gradual population decline, poor growth., and reproductive inefficiency of the fish. A Transmission Electron Microscopic study of some vital tissues revealed a number of abnormalities, which could be rectified only by rearing the fish fingerlings to maturity at neutral P^H of water.

7 illus, 14 ref

011311   Devi P;Islam S;Das M (Parasitology Dep, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural Univ, Khanapara, Guwahati-781 022) : Ecology and biology of aquatic snails and their control: V. ecology of snails in deepor beel wetland, Assam. J Vet Parasitol 2009, 23(1), 17-22.

Ecology of aquatic snails in a perennial waterlogged area (latitudes 26° 05' and 26° 10' North and longitudes 91° 35' and 91° 42' East) was studied. An analogue map prepared from a single season remotely sensed satellite data and field study revealed 3 types of land cover classes with a predominance 49.30% waterlogged area. Snail ecology was studied at 6 different locations whose central co-ordinates of latitudes and longitudes were marked by a global positioning system (GPS) device, revealed the presence of 10 species of aquatic snails associated with 13 macrophyte species. Population density of the snail species Lymnaea acuminata f. rufescens and Indoplanorbis exustus was high (RF% <62> 12%) which were associated with a high density of the macrophytes viz., Elodea species, Ceratophyllum demersum and Najas indica. The population density of the snails Bellamya bengalensis f. typical, B. bengalensis, B. dissimilis, Pila theobaldi, L. luteolaf. ovatis and Nymphea stellata, Monocorea species, Lemna Paucicostata, Azolla pinnata, Potamogaton species, Evolvulus species, Eicchornia crassipes and Ipomoea reptans were moderate (RF% <62> 4%, <60> 12%). The population density of Gyraulus convexiusculus, Melanoides tuberculata, L. acuminataf. chlamys and the macrophyte Salvania cucullata, Trapa natans var. bispinosa and Ipomoea reptans were less (RF%<60>4%). Limnological evidences indicate a variation of low dissolved carbon dioxide (2-6 ppm), high total alkalinity (70-85ppm) and a pH range of 7.5-7.7 in the study site ecologically suitable for a diverse snail fauna.

1 illus, 7 tables, 11 ref

011310   David K K;Singh S P (Zoology Dep, Govt. S. N. P. G. College, Khandwa) : Biodiversity of spiders in Khandwa (M.P.) with special reference to their role in pest management. Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 292-4.

Since antiquity, spiders have attracted the attention of naturalists for their intricate webs. Being predators they can be used in future integrated pest management programmes. The abundance of spiders was seen during monsoon due to more availability of insects as food. The study has resulted in the identification of 75 species belonging to 38 genera spread in over 13 families. The major families were Araneidae, Clubinoidae, Gnaphosidae, Lycosidae, Pholcidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae, Thomisidae etc. The results clearly indicate that the spider fauna of our country in particular to Khandwa district is very rich and many undescribed spider species remain unexplored, which help us as biological control of crop pests.

7 ref

011309   Binky K H;Davashish Kar (Life Sciences Dep, Assam (Central) Univ, Silchar, Email: devashishkar@yahoo.com) : Intensity of parasitization among fishes of karbhala wetland in Cachar district of Assam. Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 233-4.

A total of 83 fishes were examined for parasitic infestation. Out of 83 fishes, 18 were found to be heavily infected, Present studies indicated that fishes of Karbhaia wetland are heavily infected with 3 groups of parasites. Intensity of infection in different fish species by acanthocephalans, cestodes and nematodes in different fish species is discussed in the present communication. Maximum infection was observed in Puntius ticto (66.66%) and minimum in Channa punctatus (18.75%).

1 table, 13 ref

011308   Bajpai N;Tewari R R (Zoology Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Genetic characterization of sarcophagid flies by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Natn Acad Sci Lett 2010, 33(3-4), 103-6.

Two species of flesh flies belonging to the genus Sarcophaga, namely, S. albiceps and S. knabi were genetically characterized using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR). In S. knabi and S. albiceps 21 and 20 fragments were amplified ranging from 196 bp to 1500 bp, respectively. Thirteen exclusive fragments were found in both the species. Nei's genetic identity value (0.561), calculated using Tools For Population Genetic Analysis (TFPGA) software, reveals close genetic similarity between the two species.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

011307   Babu N S;Panicker S (Zoology Dep, Baselius College, Kottayam, Kerala) : Efficiency of different species of earthworms on vermicomposting with banana plant waste. J Zool Soc Kerala 2010, 13(1-2), 45-50.

The application of vermicomposting process to waste management have to obtain products which are commercially valuable. Vermicomposting is of utmost importance to apply one of these two processes in order to stabilize organic waste, at the same time managing to solve the environmental problems arising from waste disposal. Vermi technology is the combination of vermiculture and vermicompost. In this study vermicomposting technology was adopted to prepare vermicast using banana plant waste. The three earth worm species used in this study are Eudrilus eugenia, Peri-onyx excavatus and Eisenia foetida. A comparative study was conducted between epigeic species of earthworms for the evaluation of their efficacy in vermicomposting of banana wastes. This investigation indicates that among all the three species of the worms, Eudrilus eugenia are more efficient than the other two species for vermicomposting.

4 tables, 3 ref

011306   Ajagekar V V;Nikam K N;Pawar C V (Zoology Dep, Ajara Mahavidyalaya, Ajara. Dist. Kolhapur) : Avifauna from Chitri reservoir, Ajara dist. Kolhapur. Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 272-4.

A systematic observation of diversity of avifauna was done from Chittri reservoir Ajara and surrounding forest, dist. Kolhapur during Jan,2009-Dec,2009. Frequent visits were arranged to observe the birds from Chittri reservoir, over a period of one year. The observation shows that Birds from Chittri reservoir and forest represents ten orders, which are Anseriformes, Ciconiiformes, Charadriiformes, Falconiformes, Gruiformes, Comdiformes, Coraciifonnes, Piciformes, Galliformes and Ciconiiformes. About 50 species were recorded during study period which could be considered as a good state of diversity.

2 tables, 10 ref

011305   Ahmed A;Sarita Kumari;Singh A K (Zoology Dep, Kisan College, Sohsarai, Nalanda) : Effect of metoprolol on serum cholesterol concentration in psittacula krameri. Proc Zool Soc India 2010, 9(2), 113-17.

Cardioselective beta-blocker, metoprolol was daily administered intraperitonealy in the experimental animal Psittacula in a does of 1 mg/kg of body weight for a period of seven and ten days. The mean value of serum cholesterol in control animals was 86 ± 1.986 mg/100 ml. Metoprolol produced a significant reduction in the level of serum-cholesterol. After seven days of daily administration of metoprolol the value of serum-cholesterol was calculated 75.733 ± 2.632 mg/100 ml. and after ten days it was lowered to 64.533 ±1.730 mg/100 ml. Metoprolol, the prototype of cardioselective beta-blocker, frequently used in the treatment of hypertension is also effective in reducing the level of serum-cholesterol and in this way lowering the risk of heart disease.

1 table, 11 ref

010320   Suryanarayana Murty U;Srinivasa Rao M; Arunachalam N (Biology Div, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: murty_usn@yahoo.com) : Effects of climatic factors on the distribution and abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, Inida. J Vector Borne Dis 2010, 47(1), 26-32.

Climatic attributes have been associated with relative mosquito abundance and transmission of mosquito borne infections in many parts of the world, especially in warm and tropical climatic regions. The main objectives of this study were to assess the change in seasonal pattern of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vectors, their density, to elucidate whether the lagged climate variables (precipitation, temperature and humidity) are associated with JE vector density, and to determine if temperature and precipitation are similarly important for the rise in the number of potential mosquito vectors for JE virus in the temperate climate of Andhra Pradesh, India. Mosquito samples were collected from Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh using hand catch and light-trap methods during 2002 to 2006. The type and abundance of recovered species were compared to ecological correlates. In each geographic area, temperature and precipitation are the two possible proxy variables for mosquito density, in conjunction with other seasonal factors for JE epidemics. Out of the various mosquito species collected, Culex gelidus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were noticed in high numbers. There was considerably high prevalence of Cx. gelidus (68.05%) in urban area than in rural areas whereas, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (57.51%) was found to be more in rural areas than in the urban area. It is noticed that the factors such as rainfall and temperature were found to be correlated with the per man hour (PMH) density, whereas the humidity was inversely correlated with the PMH. The environmental and eco-climatic factors are assisting in enhancing the breeding of these mosquitoes in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Both Cx. tritaeniorhyncus and Cx. gelidus are quite adaptable to these environmental conditions and this necessitates immediate control measures in both rural and urban areas of Kurnool district.

2 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

010319   Srinivasa Rao D;Srinivasa Rao M;Annapurna C (Zoology Dep, Noble College, Machilipatnam-521 001) : Polychaete community structure of Vasishta Godavari estuary, east coast of India. J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(2), 137-44.

Community structure of polychaete fauna from the Vasishta Godavari estuary was analyzed in this study. The data presented were collected during 1976 - 78 and published in 1983, and now re-analysed using PRIMER 6.1, CANOCO 4.5. The polychaetes were collected from a 16 km stretch of the lower Vasishta Godavari estuary (16°18'N lat., 81°42'E long.) during flood, summer and recovery seasons at 6 permanent stations. Altogether 216 sediment samples were analysed and 73 polychaete taxa were identified. Polychaete diversity was higher (Shannon-Wiener H': 1.94ñ0.28) in samples from recovery season relative to summer season (H': 1.54±0.44) and flood season (H': 1.44±0.024). Using multivariate statistical techniques two polychaete associations could be recognised from the Vasishta Godavari estuary, namely Heteromastus similis, Nephthys oligobranchia and Indonereis gopalai assemblage Group 1 (samples from recovery and summer season) and Group 2 (samples from flood season). Group 2 did not reveal any particular species from flood season samples. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that sand, salinity, clay and temperature have influenced the polychaete distribution. The study therefore provides key information on the biodiversity of polychaete communities of the Vasishta Godavari estuary.

7 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

010318   Sithara K;Kamalaveni K;Susannah A S R (P.G. Research Zoology Dep, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029) : Effect of a biocide on different stages of mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2009, 8(4), 777-80.

Plant products are capable of producing multiple effects in insects such as antifeedancy, growth regulation, fecundity suppression, sterilization, etc. synthetic pesticides lead to serious problems like environmental pollution, health hazards and insect resistance to insecticides. Study of egg, larvae and pupae affected by the testing of different concentrations of some biocide showed an increased mortality over the control. The results have been discussed in the light of biopesticides as good alternative for the synthetic pesticides used in mosquito control.

3 tables, 17 ref

010317   Rejitha V;Peter V S;Subhash Peter M C (Zoology Dep, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Email: subashpeter@yahoo.com) : Short-term salinity acclimation demands thyroid hormone action in the climbing perch Anabas testudineus bloch. J Endocr Reprod 2009, 13(2), 63-72.

Fishes have developed many complex physiological mechanisms to combat osmotic challenges. In this study triiodothyronine (T₃), thyroxine (T₄) and cortisol in the plasma were quantified and the indices of metabolic and hydromineral regulations analyzed in the climbing perch Anabas testudineus after exposing the fish to a selected salinity (20 ppt) for varied intervals (1,7, 14 and 21 days) to study the physiological basis of short- and long-term salinity acclimation. It was found that transfer of fish to 20 ppt salinity for a day after transient salinity changes, plasma T₄ was elevated, and plasma T₃ decreased whereas plasma cortisol remained unchanged. The levels of these hormones, however, returned to basal levels when these fish were kept for a prolonged acclimation of three weeks. Plasma glucose and lactate showed no change in response to salinity acclimation, whereas plasma urea showed an increase. Substantial increase in the gill Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity was found in these fish during salinity acclimation, which remained high even after three weeks. Salinity transfer for a day produced significant increase in the intestinal Na, K⁺-ATPase activity, though it remained unaffected during the long-term acclimation. Kidney Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity decreased on day 1 salinity challenge, but remained unaltered after prolonged acclimation. Liver Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity increased upon transient salinity challenge but the levels were maintained during prolonged salinity challenge. Our results indicate that salinity acclimation in climbing perch demands thyroid hormone secretion and its action and not cortisol as part of co-ordinating the acclimation processes in the early phase of salinity acclimation. The results also point to the ability of climbing perch to tolerate osmotic challenge, and the fish becomes fully adaptive to brackish water salinity of 20 ppt after three weeks.

1 illus, 2 tables, 50 ref

010316   Rawi S M;Hazmi M A;Nassr F S A (Faculty of Science and Arts, Abdul-Aziz Univ, Khulais Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: rawisayed@yahoo.com) : Melatonin negatively regulates fertility: a study in albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). J Endocr Reprod 2009, 13(2), 73-86.

This study was performed to evaluate the biological activity of melatonin on the fertility of male and female albino rat. The tested dose (1.0 mg/kg) of melatonin and reference drug "primovlar" were administered through oral route daily to female rats 2 cycles before mating (group I) and from the first day of mating till 21 days (group II). On the other hand, the male rats were administered only the tested dose of melatonin for two weeks before mating (group III). The effects of melatonin and primovlar administration on fertility index, pregnancy percentage, sperm count, hormonal levels (prolactin, FSH, LH, progesterone and estradiol) and some biochemical parameters (total lipid and cholesterol) were investigated. Also, histopathological changes of ovaries and testes of rats treated with melatonin were examined. The results showed significant decrease in the pregnancy percentage and fertility index and non-significant decrease in the sperm count after melatonin treatment. The data also showed significant increase in prolactin level and significant decrease of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone levels of male and female albino rats treated with melatonin or primovlar versus those of controls. In the same domain, biochemical analysis revealed significant elevation in total lipid and cholesterol levels. Histological examination showed little changes in ovarian and testicular structure in melatonin-administered animals versus those of controls. In conclusion, the tested dose of melatonin affected the fertility in negative manner and exerted a more potent effect than primovlar.

6 illus, 2 tables, 85 ref

010315   Raja P;Shahul Hameed P (P.G. and Research Dep of Zoology, Periyar E.V.R. College, Tiruchirappalli-620 023, Email: rajazoo75@yahoo.co.in) : Distribution and bioaccumulation of natural radionuclides, <. Indian J Mar Sci 2010, 39(3), 449-55.

Water, sediment and Biota (plankton, seaweeds, prawn, crabs, gastropods, bivalves and fish) samples collected from the study region were subjected to analyses of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb. It showed non-uniform distribution of these radionuclides in the biota, in a descending order: molluscs <62> crustaceans <62> fishes. Concentration of ²¹⁰Po ²¹⁰Pb were 1.65 mBq/l and 3.38 mBq/l in water samples and 4.38 Bq/kg and 2.31 Bq/kg in sediment samples respectively. Soft tissues and muscle of animals accumulated higher level of ²¹⁰Po while shells and bones contained more ²¹⁰Pb. Bivalve mollusc Perna viridis accumulated higher levels of both ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb thus suggesting that this species can serve as a bioindicator in marine environment. Concentration factor of ²¹⁰Po for the biotic components ranged from <126> 10³to <126>10⁴ while for ²¹⁰Pb it ranged from <126> 10² to <126> 10³.

3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

010314   Prasad S;Ranjan G;Singh R B;Singh N P (Botany Dep, M. S. College, Mothihari, Bihar) : Phytoplankton-zooplankton relationship in some lentic water bodies of east Champaran, Bihar. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2009, 8(3), 571-4.

Champaran district of north Bihar bestows a wide range of wetlands together with intricate net of rivers. These all and its geographical location has given unique climatic condition to this district. Phytoplankton and zooplankton relationship in four freshwater bodies of the area, viz.,Turkaulia lake, Motijheel lake, Kararia lake and Suraha lake has been studied. Rotifers were dominating over the other zooplankton. It was observed that zooplankton and phytoplankton are somehow related. In addition, some physical and chemical factors may also play an important role in maintaining such relationship, which may influence their growth.

3 tables, 12 ref

010313   Peter V S (Zoology Dep, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Email: valsasp@yahoo.co.in) : Stress response in mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus): temporal and inverse interaction of cortisol and thyroid hormone when confined to net. J Endocr Reprod 2009, 13(2), 87-96.

Thyroid hormones and cortisol are vital for the regulation of metabolic and hydromineral homeostasis in fish. The levels of triiodothyronine (T₃), thyroxine (T₄) and cortisol in the plasma and the indices of metabolic and hydromineral regulations were quantified in fresh water tilapia after confining them to net for varied time intervals (2, 6, 12, 24 h) to examine whether thyroid and interrenal interact during net-confinement. A time-dependent increase (P<60> 0.001) in plasma cortisol occurred after net-confinement with a maximum increase at 12 h, indicating an induction of stress response in this fish. Confinement of tilapia to net for 6 and 12 h did not alter plasma T₃but significantly decreased (P<60> 0.05) its level at 24 h. Plasma T₄ remained unaffected at all intervals tested. Net-confinement produced a substantial increase in the plasma glucose (P<60> 0.01) at all intervals tested and a maximum rise was found at 6 h. Branchial Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity increased (P<60> 0.01) and renal Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity decreased (P<60> 0.01) after 12 and 24 h net-confinement, with the maximum rise at 12 h. Plasma Na⁺ and plasma osmolality declined significantly (P<60> 0.05) at 24 h net-confinement. Overall, the results indicate that net-confinement evokes stress response in tilapia, which includes a temporal and inverse interaction between T₃ and cortisol. The data thus support the hypothesis of a lead role of cortisol in stress response of tilapia.

3 illus, 1 table, 73 ref

010312   Parnita Kumari (Zoology Dep, V.B. Univ, Hazaribag-825 301) : Acute toxicity of a pesticide cidial to an exotic fish Tilapia mossambica. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2009, 8(4), 765-7.

Investigation on the toxic effects of a pesticide cidial on an exotic fish Tilapia mossambica at 22 ± 0.15°C was made. Toxicity tests were carried out to estimate LC₀, LC₅₀ and LC₁₀₀ values of cidial by exposing the fish for different durations. Six ppm of the pesticide formed LC₅₀/96 hrs, whereas 1.5 ppm and 8 ppm represented LC₀ and LC₁₀₀/96 hrs values respectively. Some remarkable changes in behavioural response of the fish in the toxic media were also observed such as hyperexcitability, abnormal changes in position, rapid opercular movement, frequent jumping, loss of equilibrium, etc. and finally death, showing acute toxic nature of the pesticide.

2 tables, 17 ref

010311   Oparaocha T E;Iwu I;Ahanaku J E (Public Health Technology Dep, School of Health Technology, Federal Technology Univ, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria, Email: tochievan@yahoo.com) : Preliminary study on mosquito repellent and mosquitocidal activities of Ocimum gratissimum (L.) grown in eastern Nigeria. J Vector Borne Dis 2010, 47(1), 45-50.

The study examined the mosquito-repellent and mosquitocidal activities of the volatile oil of Ocimum gratissimum at three different locations (World Bank Estate, Ihitte and Umuekunne) in Imo State, eastern Nigeria, with the purpose of sourcing for mosquito repellent that is cheap, abundant, environment and user-friendly. Four different lotions; 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) concentrations each of the extracted volatile oil in two natural oil bases (olive and palm kernel) were made and six volunteered human baits were used to evaluate the mosquito repellent and mosquitocidal activities of the stock materials at the three different centres from September to November 2008. Topical application of each of the four different lotions significantly (p <60>0.05) reduced the biting rate of mosquitoes in all the three locations tested. The 30% (v/v) concentration in olive oil base exhibiting highest average percentage repellencies of 97.2, 95.7 and 96.3% at World Bank Estate, Ihitte and Umuekunne centres respectively while the 20% (v/v) concentration in palm kernel oil base had the least repellency of 36.3, 41.6 and 36.3%, respectively. The other two formulations had values ranging from 67.8 to 80% in the three locations. The 30% (v/v) concentration in both olive and palm kernel oil bases afforded all night protection against mosquito bites in all the centres, and demonstrated fast knockdown and paralyzing effect on few mosquitoes at the urban centre (World Bank Estate). The study confirms that O. gratissimum grown in eastern Nigeria has mosquito-repellent and mosquitocidal potentials and the formulations could be used to reduce human-mosquito contacts and hence mosquito-borne diseases and irritations caused by their bites.

3 tables, 23 ref

010310   Omrani S M;Vatandoost H;Oshaghi M A;Shokri F; Guerin P M;Ershadi M R Y;Rassi Y;Tirgari S (Medical Entomology and Vector Control Dep, School of Public Health and Institute of Health Research, Tehran, Iran, Email: havatandoost@yahoo.com) : Fabrication of an olfactometer for mosquito behavioural studies. J Vector Borne Dis 2010, 47(1), 17-25.

Olfaction is the major sensory modality involved in the resource searching behaviour of insects including vector mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). To date, our current countrywide knowledge on the host-seeking behaviour of Iranian mosquitoes is mainly confined to host preference which has exclusively come from field studies. Olfactometer is a scientific tool by which more naive aspects of man-vector contact can be clarified under controlled and less biased conditions. The wind tunnel and stimulus delivery system was constructed from acrylic materials based on previously introduced models with some modifications. Air supply and required light were ensured by a powerful compressor and incandescent bulbs, respectively. Desired level of temperature was maintained by controllable heating radiators. For humidity production a unique in-built piezo system was devised in the course of the air flow. Fine regulators facilitated the continuous generatation of the humidity at a preset level. Titanium tetrachloride smoke plus monitoring of the wind speed revealed that the flow of air was proper and invariable. A desired level of humidity and temperature could be set up in just 10 and 15-45 min, respectively. These physical parameters varied only ±2% (humidity) and ±0.15 °C (temperature) in a typical 20 min duration. The first sophisticated olfactometer in the field of medical entomology in Iran is reported here. Fast set up and stability of physical parameters are its salient features. It is expected that with the aid of this olfactometer further information on the physiological principles of the host-seeking behaviour of mosquitoes become available soon.

3 illus, 16 ref

010309   Noutcha M A E;Anumudu C I (Animal and Environmental Biology Dep, Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, Email: naemekeu@yahoo.com) : Variations in species composition and infection rates in Anopheles gambiae S.l across eco-vegetational zones in Nigeria and Cameroon. J Vector Borne Dis 2010, 47(1), 51-4.

2 tables, 22 ref

010308   Nerkar A A;Kubde Y T;Gadegone M M (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, Nagpur-440 001, Email: archana_nerkar1@yahoo.co.in) : Cytological study of the hypophysis pars anterior of the Indian emballonurid bat Taphozous kachhensis (Dobson). J Endocr Reprod 2009, 13(2), 57-62.

The anterior pituitary gland (pars anterior) of the bat Taphozous kachhensis was examined cytochehiically by employing several cytochemical staining techniques, Six cell types could be recognized, on the basis of their morphological characteristics and tinctorial properties, viz., two types of non-mucoid (acidophilic) STH and LTH, and three types of mucoid (basophilie) TSH, FSH and LH cells; the sixth, ACTH. cells, were amphophilic. The cells are arranged in follicles or acini, separated from each other by a thin layer of connective tissue. The non-rnucoid cells are much more concentrated in the postero-lateral and postero-median regions of the pars distalis. ACTH and TSH cells are mostly localised in large numbers in the peripheral region of the pars distalis. FSH cells are concentrated towards the antero-lateral, anterior and median regions. LH cells are distributed throughout the pars anterior but are more abundant towards the posterior and lateral regions. The probable role of these cell types in the physiology of reproduction of this bat is discussed.

9 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

010307   Morocoima A;Chique J;Zavala Jaspe R;Diaz Bello Z;Ferrer E;Urdaneta Morales S;Herrera L (NO, Laboratorio de Biologia de Vectores y Parasitos, Instituto de Zoologia, , Email: herrerleidi@yahoo.com) : Commercial coconut palm as an ecotope of Chagas disease vectors in north-eastern Venezuela. J Vector Borne Dis 2010, 47(2), 76-84.

There are few reports of Coccus nucifera (Palmae) infestation by triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the causal agent of American Trypanosomiasis. The aim of the study was to determine if this palm is an appropriate ecotope for Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma maculata, the main vectors in Venezuela. Dry and green leaves, humid debris, interfoliaceus meshes and bracts from C. nucifera from north-eastern Venezuela were examined for the presence of triatomines. Samples of the intestinal content of vectors, macerated in isotonic saline solution and haemolymph were examined microscopically for the presence of Trypanosoma spp. The parasites were isolated and characterized using biological parameters and PCR. Triatomine blood meal sources were determined using ELISA. A total of 14 palms were examined in which viable eggs of both species of vectors were found in 13 palms (92.85%). A total of 242 R. prolixus and 144 T. maculata adults were collected, of which 98% of R. prolixus and 70% of T. maculata individuals were infected by T. cruzi (TcI genotype) and 13% of R. prolixus individuals showed a mixed infection with T. rangeli, the other American trypanosome. ELISA testing for possible triatomine blood-meal sources revealed that these vectors are essentially eurytrophic and zoophilic, although R. prolixus also eventually used human blood as a nourishment source. The results obtained suggest that C. nucifera is an appropriate vegetal niche for these triatomine species in Venezuela. The presence of this commercial palm may represent a useful environmental bioindicator of risk for Chagas disease.

2 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

010306   Louis S;Menon N R (Marine Biology Dep, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682 016, Email: sojalouis@yahoo.co.in) : Ecological characteristics associated with the polar erect bryozoans. J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(2), 158-63.

Antarctic bryozoans are well known for their diversity. Over 300 species have been described from this unique ecosystem and new species continue to appear. During the Third Indian Antarctic Expedition, 24 species of cheilomate bryozoans were collected. The most remarkable feature of majority of the species was a clear-cut coralline, fragile and thalloid morphology of the zoarium. Since this morphological feature was in striking contrast with the benthic bryozoans of the Indian Ocean, the possible reasons for the conspicuous difference in morphology were analyzed based on the ecological conditions prevailing in the mesobenthic regions of Southern Ocean in general and the coastal waters of the Antarctic continent in particular. The existence of different hydrological fronts influence the ecology of the waters of the Southern Ocean. The animals were collected from a depth of 200m where the hydrological conditions recorded were nearly hostile. This is accompanied by rarity of organic debris, microzooplankton and dead organic matter which form the source of energy for the microbenthos of the Antarctic. Therefore, the peculiar morphology of the bryozoan colonies could be an environment induced architecture ensuring and enhancing survival of the group in this hostile biological environment.

1 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

010305   Lakshmi V;Alam M N (Zoology Dep, Giridih College, Giridih-815 301) : Pollutional effect of a pesticide bayrusil on Biamodal oxygen consumption in an air breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2009, 8(3), 529-32.

In the investigation an attempt has been made to assess bimodal oxygen consumption in an air-breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.) under bayrusil (Quinalphos) exposure. The treatment of the fish with bayrusil brought significant decrease in total oxygen uptake as compared to the control but oxygen consumption through aerial route increased significantly in bayrusil treated fish. The increased dependency on aerial respiration might be due to avoidance of fish with the aquatic medium containing the toxicant.

1 table, 24 ref

010304   Joslin P J (Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, St. Mary's College, Tuticorin-628 001, Email: joslinmathias@ymail.com) : Some aspects of biology of threadfin bream Nemipterus delagoae from Tuticorin waters. J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(2), 231-3.

Length - weight relationship, food and fecundity of the threadfin bream, Nemipterus delagoae, collected from Tuticorin waters were studied. The length - weight relationship of N., delagoae, was estimated as Log W = -1.2418 + 2.4894 Log L (r = 0.9668). The major food items were crustaceans and fishes. The fecundity increased with increase in length and weight of the fish (745 to 5392).

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

010303   Gaurav D;Preet S;Srivastava M M;Dua K K (Zoology Dep, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282 110, Email: kkdua_in@yahoo.com) : Role of antioxidants in ameliorating cadmium induced oxidative stress of toxicity in albino wistar rats: In vitro study. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2010, 33(1-2), 41-6.

The role of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in acute cadmium toxicity and its prevention by cotreatment with dietary nutrients was investigated. Adult male Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with cadmium chloride (2mg/kg) for 5 days. Hepatic and renal toxicity was indicated by elevation of lipid peroxidation and marked decline in superoxide dismu-tase, glutathione peroxidase, total protein and alkaline phos-phatase activity. Co-administration of dietary nutrients, N-acetyl cysteine, melatonin, methionine, vit- E, cystine, zinc, seleiyum and thiamine (l0mg/kg orally), and their combination controlled cadmium induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress as they provoked the antioxidant defense system and protect the animals against cadmium induced hepatic and renal toxicity.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

010302   Bajpai N;Tewari R R (Zoology Dep, Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002, Email: rrtewari@rediffmail.com) : Molecular characterization of the genus Sarcophaga using PCR-RFLP markers. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2010, 33(1-2), 47-51.

Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to characterize two mitochondrial genes, namely, CO I and NE 5 in S. rujlcornis, S. argyrostoma and S. dux. The amplified products were of 978 bp and 470 bp for CO I and ND 5 genes, respectively. The two amplicons were digested with ten restriction endonucleases, of which only three generated restriction fragments. Restriction pattern of ND 5/Dra I was identical in all the three species. The restriction patterns generated by CO I/EcoR V and ND 5/Ssp I were species specific.

^ssc6 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

010301   Agrawal V K;Agrawal A;Choudhary V;Singh R; Ahmed N;Sharma M;Narual K;Agrawal P (NO, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly-243 006, Email: vijenderagrawal@yahoo.co.in) : Efficacy of imidacloprid and fipronil gels over synthetic pyrethroid and propoxur aerosols in control of German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blatellidae). J Vector Borne Dis 2010, 47(1), 39-44.

Resistance amongst cockroaches has been reported to most of the spray insecticides apart from the problem of food contamination and inconvenience. Gel baits which can be selectively applied have been found effective in control of cockroaches in laboratory studies but very few field studies are available. This trial was planned to evaluate the efficacy of fipronil (0.01%) and imidacloprid (2.15%) gels over synthetic pyrethroid (0.02% deltamethrin + 0.13% allethrin) and propoxur (2%) aerosols in control of cockroaches in the field. Survey was done to find out pre-treatment density in catering establishments and houses by visual count and sticky trap methods. A total of 10 catering establishments and 10 houses having high cockroach infestation were selected by sampling (two catering establishments and houses for each insecticidal treatment and two for control). Propoxur and synthetic pyrethroid aerosols were used for spraying the infested sites once only. Single application of fipronil and imidacloprid gels was used as crack and crevice treatment. Visual count method gave better indications of cockroach infestation as compared to sticky trap method, hence, the same was followed for post-treatment evaluation every week up to 12 weeks. Synthetic pyrethroid could not bring about the desired reduction in cockroach infestation in the present study. Single application of fipronil gel was able to reduce cockroach infestation up to 96.8% at the end of 12 weeks whereas imidacloprid application resulted in 90.9% reduction and propoxur resulted in 77.5%. However, propoxur was more effective in reducing the cockroach density by first week in comparison to imidacloprid and fipronil gels but its efficacy started declining after 8th week. Difference was found statistically significant by Kruskal-Wallis H-test. The study reports the efficacy of propoxur aerosol, imidacloprid gel and fipronil gel baits for control of cockroaches.

2 tables, 24 ref

009263   Zhu L;Luo Y;Zhang X;Wang J L (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Institute of Biodiversity, Qujing Normal Univ, Qujing Yunnan, 655 011, P.R. China, Email: jlwang@lzu.edu.cn) : Craniometrical studies on the skull of bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). J Camel Pract Res 2009, 16(2), 241-3.

A total of 10 skulls of adult male bactrian camels were utilized in this study. Craniometric measurements for 42 different parts of the skulls were made. All investigated features were expressed as mean ± SD. Skull indices and ratios were calculated. A skull index of 46.64±1.02, a cranial index of 40.57 ± 0.37, a facial index of 104.17 ± 3.24 and a length-width of 2.21 ± 006 were obtained. These indices and ratios have been compared with the ones of dromedary camel. The results of this study reveal that the dromedary camel has a longer face than the bactrian camel has; however, the bactrian camel has a longer cranium than the dromedary camel has.

4 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

009262   Zhu L;Luo Y;Zhang X;Wang J (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Institute of Biodiversity, Qujing Normal Univ, Qujing, Yunnnan, 655011, P.R. China, Email: jlwang@zu.edu.cn) : Observations by scanning electron microscopy of oviductal epithelial cells from bactrian camel (Camel bactrianus) at follicular and postovulatory phases. J Camel Pract Res 2009, 16(2), 259-64.

The luminal surface of epithelial cells in various regions of oviducts of the bactrian camel at the follicular phase and postovulatory phases of the oestrous cycle were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic changes appeared to most significant in the fimbriae, less apparent in the ampulla and ampullar-isthmic junction, and hardly visible in the isthmus. Significant changes were not observed in the height of cilia between follicular and postovulatory phase. Some cilia still existed in the epithelium at the postovulatory phase, the apices surfaces of the nonciliated cells were extremely variable, and had a few microvilli.

15 illus, 11 ref

009261   Zhang C;Yang C;Ye W;Zhang H;Shao B;Zhao S; Wang J L (School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou Univ, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China, Email: jlwang@zu.edu.cn) : Histology and ultrastructure of larynx in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). J Camel Pract Res 2009, 16(2), 253-7.

The light, scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopies (TEM) were used to observe the histology and ultrastructure of the larynx in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). The larynx contained five constituent cartilages, epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid and paired arytenoids. The mucous epithelium varied at different locations of the larynx, the epithelial layers of the vocal cord, arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis (Atrium glottides) were composed of squamous epithelium while the other area were covered with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Submucosal glands were tubuloalveolar with mucous (acidic and neutral) secretions. SEM revealed that most of mucosal glands had a cover on its opening, thus the openings were half-covered. TEM showed the tight junction of the epithelial cells and scattered lymphocytes and granulocytes in the epithelium. The larynx-associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) was also observed in the epithelium, some of which exhibited as typical lymphoid follicles, and others as aggregating lymphocytes.

7 illus, 19 ref

009260   Walia V K;Wadhawan D (Zoology Dep, Entomology Section, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: virinder_k_walia@rediffmail.com) : New species and a new record of Homaloxestis meyrick from north India (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae). J appl Biosci 2010, 36(2), 182-5.

Two species of a lecithocerid genus Homaloxestis Meyrick, namely H. xylotripa Meyrick and H. fuscoannulata sp. nov. are dealt within this communication. Salient features of the already described species recorded from Peshawar, now in Pakistan have been documented along with genitalic structure of both the sexes. The descriptions of both the species are corroborated by relevant illustrations.

6 illus, 5 ref

009259   Walia V K;Wadhawan D (Zoology Dep, Entomology Section, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: virinder_k_walia@rediffmail.com) : New species of genus Frisilia walker from Rajasthan (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae). J appl Biosci 2010, 36(2), 157-60.

First representative species of genus Frisilia Walker is recorded from Mamer, Kotra and Ranakpur in Rajasthan. The description of new species Frisilia dimorphicaia is supplemented with relevant illustrations. Differences, with the closest species (F. rostrata), in the colour pattern along with variable lengths of stalk and free ends of M₃ and CuA₁ in the hindwings of male and female specimens are documented.

10 illus, 5 ref

009258   Vyas V;Parashar V;Damde D;Singh S (Limnology Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026) : Fish biodiversity of narmada in submergence area of Indira sagar reservoir. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 18-25.

The study has been conducted to assess the spatial and temporal variation of fish fauna in the stretch of Indira Sagar submergence area. This paper attempts to document the fish biodiversity of Indira sagar reservoir submergence area and tributaries of river Narmada viz., Ganjal and Machak, temporal variation therein and also assess the impact of formation of reservoir on the riverine fish fauna. During the study fifty two species belonging to 28 Genera, 13 Families and 7 Orders were encountered. Twenty species were recorded in Machak River whereas twenty nine species were recorded in Ganjal River, nineteen species were recorded in Narmada River near Nemavar village and thirteen species were reported at the tail end of the reservoir near Purni. The study indicates that this region is still a hotspot of fish biodiversity and conservation measures should be followed to sustain fish biodiversity of tributaries.

1 illus, 2 table, 16 ref

009257   Vaish D;Singh R K;Bajpai A (Zoology Dep, Govt. Home Science P.G. College, Hoshangabad-461 001) : Fish diversity using simpson's index of Betwa river Madhya Pradesh. Asian J chem envir Res 2010, 3(4), 84-7.

Betwa river is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh a central part of India. The river is a source of life to millions of habitant that live in its vicinity in big cities, towns, villages etc. and depends upon this river for their basic needs.During the years, the areas in its vicinity has become important due to easily availability of water for agricultural practices and industrial usage.Big cities drain their sewage into the river, also heavy use of pesticides and insecticides in agriculture also finds its way to rest into the river, resulting in heavy pollution. The consequence of this is drastic decline in fish diversity, and some are even in course of extinction. During the present study an attempt is made to assess the number of fish species with their diversity with the help of Simpson's diversity Index, and compiling the results of three, covering approximate 185 km stretch. At some stations few species showed abundance due to comparatively less pollution depth of river water.

2 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

009256   Srivastava S M;Srivastava P P;Dayal R;Pandey A K;Singh S P (NO, National Bureau of Fish Genetices, Canal Ring Road, Lucknow-226 002, Email: akpandey_cifa@yahoo.co.in) : Induced spawning of captive stock of threatened bronze featherback, Notopterus notopterus, for stock improvement and conservation. J appl Biosci 2010, 36(2), 144-7.

Notopterus notopterus, a commercially important food and ornamental fish, is showing declining trends in natural habitat. Since artificial fecundation and ranching are the envisaged strategies for conservation and rehabilitation of endangered species, N. notopterus, collected from Gomti river, was successfully bred by intramuscular (i.m.) administration of GnRH-based drug, ovaprim @ 0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg body weight to male and female, respectively. There was 100% breeding, fertilization rate varied from 85-94% and survival from 80-85% at water temperature 26±2°C. Fecundity of the female fish was found to be 2570±198 kg^-1 body weight. Captive breeding will aid in stock improvement and conservation, ensuring species survival as well as sustainable fishery.

4 illus, 41 ref

009255   Sithara K;Ghayathri S;Kamalaveni K (P G and Research Zoology Dep, Kogunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbator-641 029) : Effects of dietary supplementation of various levels of selmos as a feed additive on growth performances and feed utilization in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 6-10.

A feeding experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplementary diet with selenium based feed additive selmos on growth and feed utilization in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Five groups of fishes were given a basal diet (control) and supplemented diet with selmos in different concentrations such as Ig/kg (T₁, 2g/kg (T₂), 3g/kg (T₃) and 4g/kg (T₄) for 70 days. Fish grew an average weight of 8.51 g at a high inclusion level of selmos. Result showed that growth performance of carp was significantly (P<60>0.05) increased at the higher dietary selmos diet. It is recommended that 4g/kg of selmos is the best supplemented dosage and this additive can be easily blended with common fish feed so as to exert an excellent effect in promoting the growth of fishes.

3 table, 15 ref