024957   Mandloi A K;Srivastava S B;Mukherjee P (Fish Dep, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur, M.P.) : Biodiversity indices in relation to zooplanktonic growth at Ganga Sagar pond, Jabalpur (M.P.). Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 399-402.

The variety of organisms that exists in any aquatic body fluctuates dramatically in different seasons reflecting the strong interaction of physical and biological factors. During course of study statistical analysis through evaluation of pollution and biodiversity indices was undertaken to assess the water quality and its effects on secondary production of zooplanktons in the Gangasagar pond, Jabalpur (M.P.).

1 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

024956   Maini H (Zool Dep, Govt. Autonomous M.H. Coll of Hom Sci and Sci, Jabalpur, M.P) : Spermatogenesis in spider Cyrothora citricola. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 263-6.

Of all the animals, nearly 75% are Arthropods. They have adapted themselves over the evolutionary period of about 250-500 million years to the diverse environmental conditions. Spiders are important arachnids, as they make webs around fruits, flowers, leaves of crops etc. and help to control insect pests. An attempt has been made to study the process of spermatogenesis in spider Cyrotphora citricola.

4 illus, 10 ref

024955   Khanna P;Tripathi N K;Sharma O P (Zool Dep, Univ of Jammu, Jammu-180 006) : Cytogenetic studies of Chironomus species of Pseudothummi complex (Chironomidae : Diptera) from Jammu region (J&K), India. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 425-37.

The detailed cytophotomaps of polytene chromosome complements (2n=8, pseudothummi complex BF, CD, EA & G) of Chironomus species PK3, Chironomus species PK5 and Chironomus species PK8 have been prepared and distinctive features of all the chromosomes of the three species have been described for the first time. The larval and pupal forms of these species were collected from permanent and semii-permanent water bodies located in Gharana wetland, Deoli village and Kabeer Colony of Jammu region, J&K state, India. A high degree of chromosomal polymorphosm have been observed in all the species. A cytogenetically comparative analysis of the species has been done to other worked out species belonging to pseudothummi complex from J&K state.

6 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

024954   Khadap R M;Jadhav B V;Suryawanshi N V (Zool Dep, Nutan Mahavidhalaya, Sailu, M.S.) : New species of the genus Lytocestus (Cohn, 1908) from Clarias batrachus at Aurangabad. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 413-16.

New species of the genus Lytocestus (Cohn, 1908) has been presented. It differs from all the earlier reported species in having anterior end is long, neck absent, testes 350-360 in number, cirrus pouch small, pre ovarian obliquely placed, ovary bilobed, butterfly shaped having loose mass of follicles, ootype small, rounded, uterus tubular and much convoluted.

4 illus, 7 ref

024953   Keshav V S;Surendra Singh (Zool Dep, R.B. Degree Coll, Kalindri Vihar, Narayach, Agra-282 002) : Effect of heptachlor on leafminer, Phytomyza atricornis (Meign) on Dolichos lab lab Linn.. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 353-6.

Studies on the effect of Heptachlor (1.50<37) on Phytomyza atricornis (Meign.) were carried out on host plant, Dolichos lablab Linn. after application of heptachlor under the normal conditions of temperature and humidity results in 98% mortality of larvae.

2 tables, 7 ref

024952   Kaskhedikar P;Tushar K (Zool Dep, Model Holkar Sci Coll, Indore, M.P) : Cestodicidal activity of ivermectin against Hymenolepis nana infection in mice. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 283-5.

Cestodicidal efficacy of ivermectin against Hymenolepis nana infection in mice was evaluated. This drug was found to exhibit an excellent cestodicidal potential at a single oral dose of 200 μg/kg body weight. It has a wide safety margin too. IVM is superior to many of the other drugs in that it is structurally unrelated to any of the presently available parasiticides, hence cross resistance is unlikely.

1 table, 14 ref

024951   Kaskhedikar P;Chandrika P;Tushar K (Zool Dep, Model Holkar Sci Coll, Indore, M.P) : Passive immunisation through sensitised lymphocytes: effect on migration inhibition factor in mice experimentally infected with Hymenolepis nana. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 205-8.

Effect of passive immunisation by sensitised lymphocytes on migration inhibition was assessed in mice experimentally infected with Hymenolepis nana. In the experimental challenged groups which were vaccinated with sensitised lymphocytes from the donor mice on 4th day of post infection (IVCyL) and the challenged groups which were vaccinated with sensitised lymphocytes from the donor mice on 21st day p.i. (IVWL) the MIF was 39.2% and 43.5% on 4th day of p.i. and 44.2% and 47.6% on 21st day of p.i. respectively, as compared to the controls (14.58% and 18.23%). The significant increase in migration inhibition factor on both i.e., on 4th and 21st post infection days were observed. It indicates that the cell mediate immunity is imparted by passive transfer of sensitised lymphocytes.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

024950   Jadhav B V;Khandap R M;Pawar R G (Zool Dep, Dr. B.A. Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad, M.S) : New species of the genus Amoebotaenia (Cohn, 1900) from Gallus domesticus at Aurangabad, M.S. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 309-11.

A new species of the genus Amoebotaenia has been presented. The present form differs from the known species in having number of proglottides 36, hooks are 24, 34.35 testes in number, cirrus pouch oblong oval in shape, ovary transversely elongated bilobed. The vagina is thin tube, opening posterior to the vas deferens, vitelline gland is posterior to ovary & oval in shape.

1 illus, 7 ref

024949   Ilango J (Zool Surv of India, Sth Regional Stn, 130 Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028, Email: kilangozsi@rediffmail.com) : Bluetongue virus outbreak in Tamil Nadu, southern India: Need to study the Indian biting midge vectors, Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Curr Sci 2006, 90(2), 163-7.

Bluetongue (BT) is a viral disease causing morbidity and mortality in sheep, cattle and wild ruminants, including deer, sambar and bluebull. BT is endemic in many parts of India and its outbreak in Tamil Nadu during the monsoon season of 1997-98 caused the death of 300,000 sheep and goats. However, the extent of damage to the wild ruminants remains unknown. Current research for controlling BT is confined to the development of vaccines in disease vulnerable states, with which complete success is questionable because of the presence of more than 20 serotypes of the virus. Vector control through integrated, intensive management is feasible, but there is little knowledge of the biting midges, Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southern India. Culicoides brevitasis Keiffer and C. imicola Keiffer are proven vectors of BT virus, occurring widely in India and other parts of the Oriental region. There is an urgent need to study Culicoides sp. intraspecies variation and genetic variation because of the recent BT disease outbreak. This information will provide an understanding about BT transmission and control and vector competence of Culicoides in India. Article presents the first report of BT in Tamil Nadu over the past 12 years (1988-99), reviews the current knowledge of Indian Culicoides fauna, and how the lack of understanding of taxonomy, biology and behaviour of this fauna affects effective vector control measures.

3 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

024948   Gupta P;Mishra R M (Sch of Envir Biol, A.P.S. Univ, Rewa-486 003) : Pollinators density and diversity on the blossom of Cassia siamea LAM.). Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 245-50.

The flower-visiting pollinators of Cassia siamea have been examined for their density, visit length, flower visits and diversity. Results indicate that blossom visiting pollinators guild of this tree species consisted 5 species of bees, 2 flies and one butterfly. Bees registered higher density at floral site, followed by flies and butterfly. The pollinators exhibited temporal variation in their visits. Maximum number of pollinators visited the blossom during noon hours. Butterfly spent maximum time at floral site, as compared to bees and flies. Similarly, butterfly visited maximum number of flowers at each visit, followed by bees and flies. The species diversity of pollinators making visits to the blossom of Cassia siamea is calculated as 0.846.

3 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

024947   Dubey R K;Paliwal A K (Zool Dep, Shri Chitra Gupta (P.G.) Coll, Distt. Manipuri, U.P) : Life cycle of sheep body louse Damalinia ovis (Linn.) (Mallophaga), in natural as well as in laboratory conditions. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 287-92.

The Damalinia ovis (Linn.) is common wool louse which is found throughout India on the skin of sheep as a permanent wingless ectoparasite. A various stages of life cycle in natural as well as in laboratory conditions has been reported. It was observed that various stages of life cycle of the louse influenced by seasonal changes and the life cycle of the louse is completed more rapidly in the months of March-April and July-August. Further in laboratory conditions at 37.5<144>C temp. and 65 - 90% RH were revealed good result in the development of the lice to reach adult stage. Life cycle of louse requires three moults to reach adult stage and size and No. of setae gradually increased in each moult.

2 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref

024946   Chandra K;Bhandari R;Nema D K (Cent Regional Stn, Zool Surv of India, Jabalpur, M.P.) : New records of moths from Jabalpur district (M.P.). Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 373-84.

Deals with the study of 19 species of moths belonging of 19 genera under 8 families of moths collected from different localities of Jabalpur district by the survey team of Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur. All the species are reported for the first time from this area.

19 illus, 11 ref

024945   Chandel B S;Srivastava S C;Dwivedi N D;Shukla S;Dubey A (Zool Dep, D.B.S. Coll, Kanpur-208 006) : Bioefficacy of certain asteraceous plants on growth, development, nutrition and reproduction of Spilarctia obliqua Walker. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 457-60.

Relative food preference of certain plants of family Asteraceae viz., Chrysanthemum frutescens, Chrysanthemum indicum, Calandula officinalis, Helianthus annus, Tagetes erecta and Zinnia elegans was studied experimentally with respect to growth, development, nutrition and reproduction of Spilarctia obliqua Walker. Barring Helianthus annus, remaining test plants caused very heavy larval mortality ranging from 63.33 to 70.00% suggesting that they possessed antibiosis factor.

2 tables, 9 ref

024944   Adharsh Kumar;Qureshi T A;Borana K;Mastan S A;Mahanta P C (Appl Aquacult Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026) : Conservation of an endangered species of fish Tor putitora (Ham.) through cutlure. Indian J appl pure Biol 2006, 21(1), 171-4.

Study was aimed to explore the possibility to conserve the endangered species of fish, Tor putitora through culture practice. The study was conducted from September, 2001 to July, 2002 at NBFGR, Lucknow (U.P.). Early fingerlings of Tor putitora ranging between 40 - 60 mm in length and 1 - 2 g in weight were collected from river Kali flowing through mountaneous terrain of Uttranchal. They were caught by drag net of small mesh size. After acclimatization, the fingerlings were transported in aerated plastic pools and released in an earthen pond of about 0.24 ha in size. At the time of collection temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen of river Kali water were recorded as 22°C, 8.0 and 9.0 -11.0 ppm respectively. Water level of the pond was maintained by supplying water through tube well as well as canal. Physico-chemical parameters of pond water recorded, during the study period, ranged in case of temperature between-17 to 35°C, dissolved oxygen between 4.2 -7.8 ppm, pH between 7.0 - 8.5, total alkalinity between 80 - 110 ppm and free carbondioxide between 0 - 4.0 ppm. After 11 months, the fingerlings attained the length of 170 - 180 mm and weight of 45-50 g. The observations confirmed that Tor putitora can be reared successfully and if stocked in water bodies it can be saved from extinction.

3 tables, 11 ref

024006   Yogamoorthi A;Srikala G (Cent for Futures Stud, Pondicherry Univ, Pondicherry-605 014) : Evaluation of methanol extract of mole crab Emertia asiatica for its pathological properties using mouse assay. J envir Biol 2006, 27(1), 147-51.

Methanol extract of marine mole crab, Emertia asiatica was tested for its pharmacological property using mouse assay. The vital organs viz.heart and lungs showed oedema and degeneration of cardiac muscles, markedly congested blood vessels and haemorrhagic exudates involving entire alveolar parenchyma in the lungs. The extract is seemed to influence negatively on the structure and functions of heart and lungs and non site-specific changes in the brain of mice.

7 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

024005   Venkataramana G V;Sandhya Rani P N;Nadoni M B;Murthy P S (Dep of Envir Sci, Univ of Mysore, Mysore-570 006) : Effect of malathion and temperature combination on blood glucose and urea levels of gobiid fish Glossogobius giuris (Ham). J Ind Pollut Control 2005, 21(2), 251-8.

Exposure to sublethal concentrations of malathion (0.05, 0.25 and 0.5 ppm) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs at laboratory temperature (27 ± 1°C) the blood glucose level has gradually declined after 96 hrs exposure of 0.5 ppm malathion. The blood urea level was significantly elevated after treatment with high concentration (0.5 ppm) for longer duration (96 hrs). In malathion temperature (20°C and 30°C) combinations show a significant decrease of blood glucose level prominently at 30°C after exposure to 0.5 ppm for 72 and 96 hrs than in 20°C. Increase blood urea levels were conspicuous at 30°C for 24 to 96 hrs at high concentration (0.5 ppm) of malathion than in 20°C.

6 illus, 26 ref

024004   Venkataramana G V;Sandhya Rani P N;Murthy P S (Dep of Envir Sci, Univ of Mysore, Manasagangotri-570 006) : Impact of malathion on the biochemical parameters of gobiid fish, Glossogobius giuris (Ham). J envir Biol 2006, 27(1), 119-22.

There is a dearth of information regarding the changes in heart muscle metabolites induced by pesticides. In the study, the gobiid fish, Glossogobius giuris, was exposed to sub lethal concentrations of (0,05, 0.25 and 0.5 ppm) organophosphorus pesticide malathion for short duration (24 to 96 hr). The cardiac muscles showed maximum depletion of glycogen and cholesterol content during 72 and 96 hr after treatment with 0.5 ppm malathion. Whereas a slight fluctuation of protein and glycogen content was observed in low concentration (0.05 ppm) of malathion. The levels of protein showed a significant decrease at high concentration (0.5 ppm) when treated for longer duration (96 hr). The study reports metabolic dysfunction in response to malathion toxicity in the fish.

3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

024003   Tyagi P;Arora M P;Akolkar P;Tyagi R;Arora A (Dep of Zool, M.M.H. Coll, Ghaziabad-201 001) : Occurrence of benthic macro-invertebrate families encountered in river Hindon in Uttar Pradesh (India). J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 209-16.

Study aims at percentage occurrence of families of various taxonomical groups observed at selected locations of River Hindon through bio monitoring of about 250 Km stretch of River Hindon in Uttar Pradesh. Benthic macro-invertebrates were chosen as bioindicator identified taxonomically up to family level. Bio-assessment of water quality has been done on the basis of Biological Water Quality Criteria (B WQC) developed by Central Pollution Control Board. An attempt has been made to define the different families of taxonomical groups of benthic macro-invertebrates at 250 Km stretch of River Hindon. Bio assessment reveals the different composition of benthic macro-invertebrates inhabiting the River. Out of total 24 families, 9 families of taxonimical groups Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Mollusca were observed in River Hindon at its origin point Gagalheri in district Saharanpur up'stream. 40 Km away from Gagalheri, at downstream stretch of River Hindon at Maheshpur Devband Road Bridge Saharanpur, 70 Km away from Maheshpur at upstream Titawi Shamli Road Bridge Muzaffarnagar and near G.D Sthal Road Bridge Muzaffar nagar, river Hindon is inhabited by all the families of taxa Hemiptera Coleoptera, Diptera and Mollusca except taxa Trichoptera. While at Bernava upstream, Sardhana-Binoli Road Bridge, Hindon is dominated mainly by pollution tolerant benthic families of taxa Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Taxa Odonata also inhabits downstream Titawi, Saharanpur-Shamli Road bridge and Budhana entrance near G.D. Sthal Road Bridge Muzaffar Nagar. All the families of Mollusca were absent at this location. 26 Km away from Bernava out of 24 families only 6 families were found at Daluhera downstream District Baghpat 60. Km away from Bernava at downstream Hindon Berrage Chargarsi, Ghaziabad minimum number of families were observed. These changes in taxonomic composition of benthic macro-invertebrates inhabiting the river Hindon reflect the impact of anthropogenic influences on water quality.

5 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

024002   Tripathi G;Kumar R;Deora R;Sharma B M (Dep of Zool, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 0011) : Structure and function of faunal community in tropical pedoecosystem. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 1-26.

Soil fauna are not just inhabitants of the soil rather they are an important component of soil communities. They decompose organic residues and influence soil properties which are essential for primary production. Soil organisms play an important role in releasing mineral nutrients and improving productivity within soil milieu by decomposition process. For understanding the role of animal in this process, information on the abundance of the various groups of soil animals is necessary. The soil forming activity of soil dwelling invertebrates and their effect upon the properties of soil and its fertility have attracted a wide range of soil zoologists. So it is of utmost need to identify such groups with their sphere of influence (SOI). Within the SOI, functional groups of soil organisms may be recognized. Research question of the highest urgency are the assignment of species to functional groups and determining the redundancy of species within functional groups. Owing to the intensive agriculture, forest disturbance, pollution and global environmental changes, the soil biotas are placed at risk. The ecological consequences of the activities of decomposer invertebrates on the over-all ecosystem are the ultimate question and one, which has yet to be resolved.

1 illus, 1 tables, 197 ref

024001   Tripathi G (Dep of Zool, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 001) : Biochemical effects of pesticidal stress in non-target species. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(2), 245-9.

Prevalence of pesticides in the environment is of increasing concern to both environmentalists and agricultural scientists. Non-target species often come into contact with these poisons, which produce detrimental effects at cellular and biochemical levels. The mechanisms by which the non-target animals become affected are of great interest. Therefore, it was decided to present a compendious view about the biochemical effects of pesticides in non-target species with a particular reference to fish because aquatic animals are generally the first life forms to encounter with agrochemicals. The organochlorine, organophosphate, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticides inhibit the activities of metabolic enzymes involved in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and decrease the concentration of macromolecules in cells. The loss in enzyme activities can be reverted by depuration in pesticide-free water or administration of metabolic inducer. Pesticide might be interfering at some step(s) in information processing to inhibit enzyme activity and the reversal in activity may be due to de novo synthesis of enzymes. The other possibilities can not be ignored at this juncture which seem to be relatively weak. Pesticides also cause various cellular and subcellular abnormalities such as loss of cristae etc. This reflects substantial reduction in energy producing capacity of non-target animals. By such studies it may be possible to establish biological indices for pesticidal toxicity in the aquatic environment. Thus the investigations clearly suggest the pesticide-induced impairement of metabolism in non-target species, which embark a need to protect animals from harmful effects of such toxicants in stressed ecosystem.

30 ref

024000   Tiwari A C;Chaturvedi C M (Zool Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: mohini@banaras.ernet.in) : Hypothyroidism and specific phase relation of circadian serotonergic and dopaminergic oscillators in gonadal development of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica. J Endocr Reprod 2005, 9(1-2), 51-60.

Sexually mature male Japanese quail were used to study thyroid-gonad relationship and reproductive effects of temporal phase relation (8-hr and 12-hr) of circadian sero-tonergic and dopaminergic oscillators in hypothyroidic condition. To induce hypothyroid ism, birds were injected with an antithyroid drug (2-thiouracil -TU). Quail were divided into six groups. Quail received daily injections of 5-HTP and L-DOPA 8 hours and 12 hours apart respectively over a period of eleven days only. Gonadal development was overpowered by stimulatory effect of 12-hr phase relation. Gonadal growth in Japanese quail requires the presence of optimal level of thyroid hormones and 12- hr temporal relation of circadian serotonergic and dopaminergic activities is a potent stimulator of neuroendocrine gonadal axis even in hypothyroidic condition, while 8-hr temporal phase relation of these neurotransmitter precursors inhibits gonadal activity. Circadian temporal phase relation of neurotransmitters may modulate the activity of neuroendocrine axis.

5 illus, 38 ref

023999   Sujatha K;Rao A P (Dep of Zool, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Efficacy of certain plant products as bed disinfectants against bacterial II and viral disease of silkworm Bombyx mori L. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 239-43.

In vivo evaluation of six botanicals as bed disinfectants revealed that tulsi and turmeric performed better for survival rate, larval weight and economical characters. The correlation between the botanicals and concentration are also discussed.

3 tables, 7 ref

023998   Spencer H B;Hussein W R ;Tchounwou P B (Envir Toxicol Res Lab NIH-Center for Envir Hlth, Coll of Sci Engng and Technol Jackson St Univ, Jackson, MS 39217, USA) : Growth inhibition in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes fish exposed to tetrachloroethylene. J envir Biol 2006, 27(1), 1-5.

Our laboratory has demonstrated that tetrachloroethylene (TCE) is acutely toxic to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae with a 96 hr-LC50 of 18 (17-19) mg/mL (Spencer et al., 2002). In the study authors has hypothesized that TCE exposure induces a developmental effect in Japanese medaka. Growth and age specific sensitivity of Japanese medaka larvae were studied with four age groups (7, 14, 21 and 28 days old) to determine tetrachloroethylene effects on these parameters. The medaka larvae were exposed for 96 hours in a single concentration (10 mg/mL) of TCE. The toxic endpoints evaluated were larvae weight, length, water content and protein concentration. The study revealed that exposure of medaka larvae to this sub-acute concentration of TCE significantly reduced length and weight in the treated group. The difference in growth between control and treated groups was more obvious in age versus length, than in age versus weight. The dry weight-fresh weight ratio (dw/fw) was shown to be higher in the control group. Water content in TCE-treated medaka was higher than in the control group, and younger fry had more water content than older ones. A higher protein concentration was also observed in TCE-treated medaka compared to the control group. These results indicate that TCE has a profound effect on the growth and development of Japanese medaka larvae.

5 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

023997   Sinha S;Dubey A K;Singh P;Trivedi G N (PG. Dept. of Zool, (H.D. Jain Coll Campus) V.K.S. Univ, Ara-802 301) : Changes in salivary glucose level during different phases of reproductive cycle in women of different body mass index groups. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 245-8.

When salivary glucose level of 384 healthy normal menstruating women of age- groups 21-45 years divided into different body mass index groups were estimated during their different phases of reproductive cycle, a highly significant (p<60>0.001), increase was observed in early ovulatory and mid ovulatory period of reproductive cycle in 28-33 BMI groups in comparison to 24-27 BMI group, while this increase was (p<60>0.05) in early luteal and mid luteal period of reproductive cycle. But in BMI groups ≥ 33 a decreased level was observed which was highly significant in mid ovulatory, early luteal and mid luteal period in comparison to 28-33 BMI group subjects. All such fluctuating level of salivary glucose might be a reflection of disturbed cyclicity arising due to higher body mass index resulting adverse impact on fertility.

3 tables, 19 ref

023996   Singhvi V R;Kushwaha R V;Mathur S K; Suryanarana N (NO, Regional Tasar Res Stn, Opposite Sai Mandir, Bhandara-441 904) : Ranat-a new ecorace of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 149-51.

"Bhandara" a wild tasar ecorace is found well distributed in tropical dry deciduous forest belt of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra and adjoining districts of Madhya Pradesh. In Bhandara, Gondia, Gadchiroli and Chandrapur districts this ecorace is named as "MULKI" while in the adjoining areas of Bhandara district and Madhya Pradesh it is known as "RANAT". While working on Bhandara ecorace it was observed that cocoon characters of Ranat and Mulki are different. Therefore, study was taken up. It was observed that weight, shell weight and shell ratio of male and female Ranat cocoons were higher as compared to Mulki cocoons. Female cocoons of Ranat were distinctly bigger in size as comparison to Mulki cocoons. Silk yield/1000 cocoons was higher in case of Ranat cocoons so also the silk filament length and nonbreakable filament length. However, silk quality was better in case of Mulki cocoons. Morphovariants 'M', 'Light Mushroom' and 'Pale yellow' locally known as 'Ranat' were available in Ambagadh range. Morphovariant 'M', 'C' and ' Y' were available in Gaikhuri range starting from Bhandara up to Gondia and groups of hills near Paoni. Results of study vividly indicate that Ranat and Mulki are different ecorace and not one as believed earlier.

1 table, 5 ref

023995   Singhvi N R;Kushwaha R V;Mathur S K; Suryanarayana N (NO, Regional Tasar Res Stn, Opposite Sai Mandir, Bhandara-441 904) : Effectiveness of integrated package for tasar silkworm rearing using asan as food plant in Maharashtra conditions. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 165-7.

Experiment was designed to test "Integrated Package of Rearing" (IPR) for rearing of tasar silkworms in Maharashtra conditions. Study was carried out at Field Khapa of Regional Tasar Research Station, Bhandara of Vidarbh region, Maharashtra during 2002-03 for 05 consecutive crops. Rearing of tasar silkworms, race DTV, was carried out on Asan plants. Cocoon yield was higher, to the tune of 50.37%, in crops raised using IPR as compared to cocoon yield obtained by using traditional practices. Use of IPR resulted in production of 3190 additional number of cocoons per hectare giving rise to net profit of Rs. 745/ha/yr thereby indicating the need of fine tuning the IPR as per Maharashtra conditions so as to improve monetary returns to fanners. Work is under progress in this direction.

2 tables, 5 ref

023994   Singh S K;Ahrnad I (NO, Coll of Fish, Dholi, Muzaffarpur-843 121) : Monthly variation in the occurrence of zooplankton in a freshwater pond of Dholi (Muzaffarpur), Bihar, India. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 261-4.

Monthly variation in the number of zooplankton, the secondary producer linking the phytoplankton with the communities occupying higher trophic levels, were recorded in a freshwater pond located at T.C.A., Dholi (Muzaffarpur), Bihar during during the year 1996. The zooplankton were represented by four groups of organisms in order Rotifera <62> Copepoda <62> Cladocera <62> Protozoa. In general, the production of the zooplankton in the pond was maximum during winter season, November to February and minimum during June - July months. The fluctuation in the number of zooplankton were discussed in relation to the physicochemical and other environmental condition of the pond.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

023993   Singh S K;Ahmad I (NO, Coll of Fish, Dholi, Muzaffarnagar-843 121) : Seasonal variations in benthic macro-invertebrates and quantitative variations of bottom fauna in a fresh water pond of Dholi (Muzaffarpur), Bihar, India. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 265-67.

Seasonal variation in the abundance of benthic macro-invertebrates and quantitative variations of bottom fauna of a freshwater pond located in the vicinity of T.C.A., Dholi ,Muzaffarpur were recorded and analysed. Macro-invertebrates show seasonal variation whereas the total benthos volume exhibited inverse relationship with the water level of the pond. The oligochaetes, among species investigated, dominated during summer months while insects during the winter season. Percentage occurrence of Hirudinea was slightly elevated during August and September months.

1 table, 4 ref

023992   Singh A K;Singh O P (Dep of Zool, Kamla Nehru Inst of Phys and Social Sci, Sultanpur-228 118) : Allelic frequencies of M N blood group and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in two populations of Uttar Pradesh. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 203-8.

People belonging to Hindu and Muslim communities of two districts (Sultanpur and Pratapgarh) of Uttar Pradesh were analysed for their MN blood group. The frequency of 'M' allele was higher than 'N' in all the castes of Hindus and Muslims. In Sultanpur M allele varied from 0.73 to 0.58 in different castes of Hindus. However the frequency of M allele was almost same in combined populations of Hindus and Muslims from Sultanpur. The frequency of M was 0.54 and 0.67 in Hindus and Muslims respectively from Pratapgarh. Hardy Weinberg analysis in these populations showed that Muslim populations of both the districts occur in Hardy Weinberg disequilibrium.

2 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

023991   Shweta;Sharma D;Sonal (Vermiculture Unit Dep of Zool, D.S. Coll, Aligarh-202 001) : Influence of C: N ratio in transformation of organic waste product into vermicompost by Eisenia foetida (Savigny). J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(2), 231-3.

Availability of adequate organic carbon and nitrogen in assimilable forms is essential for the survival and growth of earthworms. Absolute deficiency of one or both elements limits the earthworm population. The C:N ratio is a measure of the quality of organic matter as an energy source, it is also an important determinant of humus types and is related to moisture and pH. The percentage of organic carbon and nitrogen were studied in different organic wastes individually or in combination viz., rice bran, leaf litter, kitchen waste, cattle dung, agriculture waste and fruit waste etc.. after 30 and 60 days of conversion. The percentage of organic carbon was found maximum in kitchen waste individually and minimum in dung after bioconversion with Eisenia foetida. However, the percentage of nitrogen was found maximum in leaf litter and minimum in fruit waste after conversion into vermicompost while, C:N ratio was maximum in fruit waste and minimum in leaf litter after 30 and 60 days of conversion.

1 table, 10 ref

023990   Shadab G G H A;Ahmad M E;Azfer M A (Sect of Genetics. Dep of Zool, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : Anticlastogenic action of vitamin C against genotoxicity of estrogenic drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the human lymphocyte chromosomes. J envir Biol 2006, 27(1), 85-8.

Several sex steroids and estrogenic drugs are genotoxic in varying conditions and cause oxidative stress, which has been a field of interest to study the molecular mechanism of the genetic damage. Among the estrogenic drugs, a strong toxic effect is exerted by diethylstilbestrol (DES). In the study it has been attempted to study its genotoxic effects in human lymphocyte assay system along with ameliorative or anticlastogenic effects of vitamin C. The drug was used with different dosage of concentrations on human lymphocytes administered in vitro. The parameters used were Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs) and Chromosomal Aberrations (CAs). Higher levels of clastogeny and SCEs have been observed indicating significant damaging effect by the drug. Interesting ameliorating effects were observed in the presence of vitamin C which is a well-known antioxidant. The results support the possibility of practical application of natural protectors against the mutagenic genotoxic action of chemical mutagens.

2 tables, 36 ref

023989   Satyaparameshwar K;Reddy T R;Vijay Kumar N (Dep of Zool, Lal Bahadur Coll, Warangal-506 007) : Carbohydrate metabolism in selected tissues of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis under copper sulphate toxicity. J envir Biol 2006, 27(1), 39-41.

Sublethal toxicity of copper sulphate on carbohydrate metabolism was studied in selected tissues of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis. Levels of glycogen and pyruvic acid decreased while lactic acid showed an increase. Activities of LDH, SDH and MDH decreased while G-6-PDH activity increased. There appears to be a shift in the carbohydrate metabolism from aerobic to anaerobic type due to toxicity of copper.

3 tables, 20 ref

023988   Sarna S;Bhola R K (Dep of Zool, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014) : Antitumor effect of imidazolium hexafluorocuprate and cisplatin against Dalton's lymphoma in mice. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 189-95.

Antitumor activity of a new copper II complex, Imidazolium Hexafluorocuprate (IHFC) either alone or in combination with cisplatin was studied against Dalton's lymphoma in mice. Tumor bearing mice at palpable stage when inoculated with IHFC exhibited increase in their mean survival time without any tumor free survivor as compared to control. A complete tumor regression was observed in 60% animals inoculated with cisplatin (8 mg/kg) without any reappearance for next 100 days. However, rest of the animals survived with tumor growth beyond 60 days. The antitumor effect of cisplatin declined when used in combination with IHFC. Cell agglutination study with tumor cells treated with cisplatin or IHFC or cisplatin+IHFC revealed differential degree of cell agglutination with concanavalin A (ConA). Cell agglutination of lymphoma cells was highest after treatment with cisplatin, decreased with cisplatin+IHFC and least with IHFC treatment Decrease in the antitumor effect of cisplatin after combination with IHFC might be due to inhibition of exposure of antigenic sites on tumor cell surface possibly due to increase in the synthesis of metal binding proteins such as metallothioneins.

4 illus, 28 ref

023987   Samal M K;Panda S;Patnaik H P (Regional Res and Technol Stn, (RRTTS), (OUAT), Kendujhar, Orissa) : Relative efficacy of earthworm species and amendments in composting coir pith. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(2), 234-5.

Studies conducted at RRTTS, Kendujhar (Orissa) revealed that addition of neem leaves @ 30% by weight with the limed coir pith fastened the decomposition process of the organic matter. Among the earthworm species, Eudrilus eugeniae worked efficiently on the partially degraded coir waste and recycled it yielding appreciable quantity of vermicompost in four months of composting.

1 table, 6 ref

023986   Sagan Deep Kaur (Dep of Zool, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014) : Antennal sensilla in four culicine species of mosquitoes (Culicidae). J Insect Sci 2005, 18(1), 17-22.

Four different kinds of sensilla namely sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla trichodea and sensilla coeloconica on the antennal flagellum of four species of female mosquitoes viz., Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex vishnui Theobald, Culex tritaenlorhynchus Giles and Culex bitaeniorhynchus Giles have been investigated by using the high resolution scanning electron microscope. These sensilla differ in their distribution, size as well as shape in the species studied. During the investigations, the disposition of different sensilla in each species has been studied and discussed in detail.

6 illus, 12 ref

023985   Ruhela S;Khare A K (Dep of Zool, Meerut Coll, Meerut-250 001) : Comparative serum biochemical changes due to experimental Procamallanus infection in Clarias Batrachus (Bloch). J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(2), 221-3.

Comparative biochemical changes were studied in Clarias batrachus experimentally infected with Procamallamis. The infected catfish showed significant alteration in the serum biochemical parameters such as glucose, protein, cholesterol, urea, SGOT and SGPT levels after 30 and 60 days post-infection. The serum total protein, glucose and cholesterol level decreased throughout the experimental period. Hypoproteinaemia was attributed to the disturbances in the protein metabolism leading to malabsorption of the nutrients. Hypoglycemia was attributed to the disturbances in the carbohydrate metabolism and hypocholesterolaemia with resultant increased red cell destruction, the major cause of anemia. Serum urea SGPT and SGOT level increased after 20 and 60 days post-infection. Highest elevation in urea level may be the cause of the largest fraction of non-protein nitrogen component of the blood.

2 tables, 7 ref

023984   Revathi K;Yogananda M (Dep of Zool, Ethiraj Coll for Women, Chennai-600 105) : Effect of bromadiolone on haematology, liver and kidney in Mus musculus. J envir Biol 2006, 27(1), 135-40.

Bromadiolone, a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide was tested on Mus musculus to evaluate its effects on blood, liver and kidney at varied time intervals of 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs.Groups of six animals each were selected for experiment. Animals were administered with bromadiolone in the form of bait at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs time intervals. Control animals were maintained for each time interval. After each time interval the experiment and the control animals were sacrificed and the effect of bromadiolone on blood, liver and kidney were studied.

10 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref

023983   Rauthan G;Rauthan J V S;Grover S P (Dep of Zool, D.A.V. (P.O.) Coll, Dehradun-248 001) : Seasonal variations in total eucocytes count in some hill stream fishes in Doon valley. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 255-9.

Studies made on the hillstream fishes Barilius bolal (Hamilton), Barilius barna (Hamilton) and Barilius vagra (Hamilton) round the year November 2000 to October 2001, showed that total leucocyte count were found higher in males than females. Highest values were reported during rainy season.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

023982   Ratsamee Ketpadung;Tangkrock-olan N (Envir Sci Program Fac of Sci, Burapha Univ, Chonburi, Thailand) : Changes in oxygen consumption and heart rate of the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1766) following exposure to sublethal concentrations of copper. J envir Biol 2006, 27(1), 7-12.

Weight specific oxygen consumption and heart rates were investigated in blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus to indicate the stress in response to increasing salinities (50, 75, 100 and 125%SW) and increasing copper concentration (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 ppm copper) at temperature 25 °C. Oxygen consumption (μmol.g^-1h^-1) was measured using closed system respirometer (Strathkelvin Instruments oxygen meter model 781). Heart rates (beat min^-1) were recorded using impedance techniques. It has been found that oxygen consumption and heart rate increased with decreasing salinities and increasing copper concentration. The statistic showed weight specific oxygen consumption of P. pelagicus after 96 hr exposure to 6 ppm copper in all salinities were significantly different (P<60>0.05) from 0 ppm copper. Mean heart rate of P. pelagicus in 50%SW after 96 hr exposure to 6 ppm copper were significantly different (P<60>0.05) from 0 ppm copper.

3 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

023981   Ramalingum K;Shyamala D R (PG (Aquaculture) and Res Dep of Zool, Govt Arts Coll, Nandanam, Chennai-600 035) : Influence Vibrio parahaemolyticus MTCC 451 on the levels of ascorbic acid and histamine in Penaeus mondon (Fabricus). J envir Biol 2006, 27(1), 67-70.

Juvenile shrimps (Penaeus mondon weighing about 15-20 gms were procured from the grow-out ponds and reared under laboratory conditions. They were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus MTC 451 and their LD50 value was evaluated. The ascorbic acid and the histamine activity of both the control and experimental groups were assessed. The results showed a marked decline in both the parameters at all intervals. This reveals the pathogenesis of the inoculated bacterial strain, which affects the defense mechanism by reducing the glutathione content by the decreased level of ascorbic acid and letharginess by the decreased histamine content of the experimental prawns.

2 tables, 23 ref

023980   Prasad S K;Chaturvedi C (NO, Sch of Stud in Zool Vikram Univ, Ujjain-456 010) : 12-HR temporal relationship of circadian serotonergic and dopamevergic activity influences seasonal testicular growth and secondary sex characters in Indian weaver bird, Ploceus philippinus. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 67-72.

Daily administration of L-DOPA (Dopamine precursor) 12-hour after the injection of 5-HTP (Serotonin precursor) induced full gonadal growth. LH dependent yellow colour plumage and androgen dependent black colour of the bill also induced in Indian weaver bird, the Baya (Ploceus philippinus). Stimulation of neuroendocrine-gonadal axis during the late quiescent and early progressive phase of annual gonadal cycle by 12-hr temporal relationship of serotonergic and dopaminergic drugs indicates the implication of circadian organization in the regulation of endogenous seasonal mechanism. It is suggested that change in the phase relation of two circadian neural oscillations (and their many other circadian expressions) may determine the specific seasonal condition in this seasonally breeding subtropical, photoperiodic, non-migratory bird.

1 illus, 26 ref

023979   Pemola Devi N;Jauhari R K (Parasitology Lab, Dept. of Zool, D.A.V. (P.O.) College, Dehradun-248 001) : Note on the occurrence of fleas (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae) associated with small mammals in Western Doon Valley. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 229-32.

Extensive survey of fleas associated with small mammals like cats and dogs was undertaken between September 2004 to August 2005 from 5 localities viz., Sahaspur, Harrawala, Dhanki, Kushalpur and Selaqui of western Doon Valley in Behra Dun district In all, a total of 6 species under 4 genera namely, Ctenocephalides, Neopsylla, Nosopsyllus and Xenopsylla were collected and most of species were found both on dogs and cats, however, Nosopsyllus punjabensis was only confined to cats.

1 table, 11 ref

023978   Patro L;Mishra M;Panigrahi A K (Envir Sci Res Cent Dep of Bot, Berhampur Univ, Berhampur-760 007) : Impact of cadmium chloride on the ATPase activity of different organs of a freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters. J Ind Pollut Control 2005, 21(1), 121-33.

Fishes were exposed to graded series of concentrations of cadmium chloride for acute toxicity studies. The MAC value deduced was 1.25 mg/L of cadmium chloride in 50 litres of water for 30 days. A safety concentration of 1.20 mg/L of Cadmium chloride in I^-50 was selected for this study. Exposed fishes appeared lethargic when compared to the control fish. Exposed fishes showed erratic movements, loss of equilibrium, gradual onset of inactivity etc. when compared to the control fish. The brain, liver, muscle, kidney and gill of the exposed fish accumulated 0.53, 22.34, 0.063, 28.9 and 0.59 mg of Cadmium/gm samples after 28d of exposure, respectively. Around 18.62, 61.25, 65.86, 40.11 and 76.1% excretion/Removal of cadmium was marked afetr 28d of recovery. Significant depletion of total ATPase activity in the cadmium chloride exposed fish tissues, when compared to control fish tissues was marked. The exposed fish muscle tissue was highly affected, where 76.9% depletion in the activity was noted. The exposed brain tissue was least affected. This depletion in the enzyme activity affected the movements of ions across the membrane and severely affected the energy metabolism and disturbed energy budget of the fish.

3 illus, 1 tables, 4 ref

023977   Patra B;Bera S (Dep of Bot, Univ of Calcutta 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta-700 019) : Feeding habit of a chrysomelid beetle on ferns. Indian Fern J 2005, 22(1-2), 92-9.

The occurrence of a polyphagous beetle Schenklingia bhaumiki Basu & Sengupta (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) feeding on a number of ferns growing in the Lower Gangetic Plains of West Bengal viz., Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy., Ampelopteris Prolifera (Retz.) Copel., Cyclosorus interrupts (Willd.) H., Pteris vittata L. Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl, N. exaltata (L.) Schott, Adiantum philippense L, Drynaria propinqua (Wall, ex Mett.) J. Sm., Pyrrosia adnascens (Sw.) Ching and Phymatosorus scolopendria (N.L. Burm.) Pic. Ser has been recorded for the first time. The beetles are host leaf surface scraper and highly selective in their feeding sites. Host tissue is selectively eaten between the veins of mature fronds and partially skeletonizing the lamina. Seasonality of occurrence, abundance and feeding of the bettle has also discussed.

11 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

023976   Narendran T C;Girish Kumar V P;Kishore L (Systematic Ent Lab Dept. of Zool, Univ of Calicut, Calicut-673 635) : Two new species of tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Borneo. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 33-7.

Two new species of Tetrastichinae viz. Tetrastichus bellus Narendran & Girish sp. nov. and Mischotetrastichus borneichus Narendran & Lambert sp. nov. are described and differences from related species are given.

9 illus, 2 ref

023975   Napit A;Shrivastava S;Shukla A N;Trivedi S (Sch of Stud in Zool, Vikram Univ, Ujjain-456 010) : Studies on fish growth rate of some commercially important food fishes of Gandhi sagar reservoir. J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 97-102.

Studies on growth rate of five selected food fishes viz. Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Mystus seenghala, Wallago attu and Notopterus notopterus of Gandhisagar reservoir were conducted. Growth pattern of fishes was studied by absolute growth rate and Von Bertalanffy growth equation. In absolute growth rate it was observed that the growth rate of all fishes were gradually increased. But in all the size groups growth continues to occur throughout the year. The result of Von Bertalanffy growth equation represents that increase in size at early age was fastest The rate of acceleration decreased gradually in old fish. Growth rate of major carps was found to be faster than catfishes. Among major carps Catla catla showed the greatest growth rate. It can be due to ecological condition suitable for Catla in Gandhi sagar Reservoir.

6 illus, 21 ref

023974   Nagarajan K;Suresh K (Dep of Zool, Sri Vasavi Coll, Erode) : Impact of treated sago effluent on the levels of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydro genase in Cirrhinus mrigala. J Ind Pollut Control 2005, 21(1), 115-20.

Exposure of fishes to the sublethal concentration (10%) of Treated Sago effluent for a period of 21 days, showed changes in the biochemical parameters like Alkaline phosphatase, Acid phosphatase and Lactate dehydrogenase. The Alkaline phosphatase of the gills showed a consistent increase while the Acid phosphatase of the gills showed a remarkable decrease. The Lactate dehydrogenase of liver also showed a decline, the change in the levels of enzymes suggested that the treated sago effluent was toxic to fishes.

2 illus, 11 ref

023973   Nagarajan K;Suresh K (Dep of Zool, Sri Vsavi Coll, Erode) : Observations on the changes in eye and muscle tissues of Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to sub lethal concentrations of treated sago effluent. J Ind Pollut Control 2005, 21(1), 109-14.

Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala was subjected to study the effect of treated sago effluent in order to study its effect on the tissues of the fish. From the sublethal concentrations of 5% and 10% fishes were randomly selected for the analysis of tissues - eye and muscle. The sectioned tissues were stained and photomicrographed to study the effects of treated sago effluent. The histology of the tissues showed varied degrees of damage from a smaller to a larger extent suggest that the study is useful as the indicators of water pollution and reveals the effects of sago effluent on the tissues of fish.

2 illus, 9 ref

023972   Mehanna S F;El-Gammal F I (NO, Natn Inst of Oceanography and Fish, P.O. Box, 182, Suez, Egypt) : Stock assessment of the round herring, Etrumeus teres (De Kay, 1842) in the Egyptian sector of Red sea. Indian J Fish 2005, 52(4), 377-83.

Age and growth, mortality, length cohort analysis and stock size of Etrumeus teres collected from the Egyptian sector of Red Sea during the period from October 2001 to May 2003 have been estimated from the length-frequency distribution data of more than 3000 fishes. Age composition was determined using otolith's reading as well as the Bhattacharya's method and the results showed that E. teres ranged from 1 to 3 years old. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: K=0.59 year ^-1, L∞=26.97 cm and t₀=-0.4 year. The instantaneous rates of total, natural and fishing mortality were estimated as 2.33, 0.87 and 1.46 year^-1 respectively. Exploitation rate was estimated as 0.63. Stock size of E.teres has been estimated by cohort analysis. The study shows that a further increase in fishing effort will not be economical and would further endanger recruitment.

6 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

023971   Mathur A;Jain N (Dep of Zool, R. R. Coll, Alwar-301 001) : A study on the biology of shoot and fruit-borer Leucinodes orbonajlis Guene (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae). J expl Zool 2006, 9(1), 225-8.

Data obtained from laboratory studies revealed that brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guene., completed its life cycle on an average in 27±2.31 days. The pre-oviposition and oviposition period was 1.37±0.09 and 2.04±0.02 days respectively. Mating usually takes place more than once during the life time of a female moth and the female laid eggs within a day or two after mating. The fecundity was 197±0.99 eggs per female. The larva took 14.8±1.34 days to become pupa and survival percent was 84.4±2.10. The average incubation period was 4.20±0.49 days. The pupation period lasted for 9±0.65 days. The average Longevity of male and female was 2±0.06 and 3±0.4 respectively.

1 table, 12 ref