009254   Singh S K;Gupta B K (Zoology Dep, M.S.J. Govt. P.G. College, Bharatpur-321001) : Assessment of toxicity of Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. leaf extract on liver biochemistry of Rattus rattus. J phytol Res 2009, 22(1), 115-8.

Parthenium hysterophorw Linn., an annual herb popularly known as congress grass, is a member or family Asteraceae, The Parthenium leaf extract was orally administered to Rattus rattus, at 400 mg/ kg β.wt. for acute and 13.33 mg/kg β.wt for sub-chronic (thirty days) treatment to study its impact on hepatobiochemical parameters. The leaf extract caused a significant fall in acute, and non significant rise after 3 and 30 days of subefarontc intoxication. The levels of cholesterol and total lipids were registered at an elevated level both the treatments. The observed hepato-biochemieal changes are of liver dysfunction and additional mode of action of Parthenium leaf extract.

2 table, 23 ref

009253   Sil S K;Jawahar Abraham T (Fishery Pathology and Microbiology Dep, West Bengal of Animal and Fishery Science Univ, 5, Budherhat Road, Chakgaria, panchasayar, Kolkata-700 094) : Occurrence of diseases and their management in carpculture systems of West Bengal, India. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 31-7.

An assessment of disease problems in carp culture systems and the measures taken by the farmers to combat diseases in West Bengal was done. Ulcers, dropsy, argulosis, white spot on gills, hemorrhages, tail and fin rot, gulping air, oxygen deficiency and stunted growth were the major diseases or clinical conditions. Farmers used a variety of fertilizers, fish feeds and aquadrugs for augmenting primary productivity, fish growth and combating diseases, respectively. Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and members of Enterobacteriaceae were frequently isolated from diseased carps. Majority of the bacterial isolates were highly sensitive to antibiotics, indicating no antibiotic pressure in the carp culture system.

1 illus, 4 table, 13 ref

009252   Sen S K;Kushwaha V B (Zoology Dep, DDU Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Cross-linked sodium carboxy methylcellulose as swellable, degradable matrix for controlled release of pesticide. J appl Biosci 2010, 36(2), 148-50.

Sodium carboxy methylcellulose is a water-soluble polysaccharide derivative with excellent gel forming properties. A controlled release system of a pesticide with molluscicidal property, parathion, has been developed by the chemical modification of sodium carboxy methylcellulose into a hydrophobic gel of copper carboxy methylcellulose. Four formulations having slab geometry were developed with two concentrations of the molluscicide and two extents of cross-linking. The release profile of the molluscicides was studied under laboratory conditions. The formulation with a cross linking period of 48 hours and 20% molluscicide concentration with respect to dry weight of the formulation was found to be stable with a sustained release of molluscicide for a period of 25 weeks. The concentration of parathion ranged between 0.05 and 0.19 mg/1 at the application rate of one slab/5 1 with an average release rate of 5.56 mg/week during the period of study. The activity of the molluscicide was studied against Lymnaea acuminata intermediate host of the liverflukes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica.

1 illus, 10 ref

009251   Saxena V K;Ashok Kumar (Zoology Dep, Fisheries Research Laboratory, Narain College, Shikohabad (U.P), Pin-205135) : Impact of limno-chemical factors on the seasonal abundance of benthic organisms in upper stretches of river beas, Himachal pradesh. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 70-5.

3 illus, 2 table, 23 ref

009250   Razia Beevi M;Radhakrishnan K V;Suresh Kumar S (Aquaculture and fishery Microbiology Dep, M E S College, Ponnani, Kerala) : Species diversity and abundance of ichthyofauna of biyyam kayal-a developing brackish water tourist centre in Kerala with special reference to threats and conservation measures. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 26-30.

Species diversity and abundance of ichthyofauna of Biyyam kayal has been investigated for a period of one year. This water body has high biological, ecological and socio economic relevance as far as the Malabar region of Kerala is concerned. Thirty six fish species were recorded from the lake which indicated the rich faunal biodiversity. Majority have high commercial importance as food and ornamental fishes. The fishes are endangered due to anthropogenic reasons which include unethical fishing practices, pollution, habitat destruction etc. The proposed conversion of the lake as a tourist centre would likely to worsen the situation. Strict management measures with large scale public awareness would be essential to save the ichthyodiversity of Biyyam kayal.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

009249   Ravindran V S;Kannan L;Venkateshvaran K (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Portonovo-608 502, Email: vinothravindran@rediffmail.com) : Biological activity of sea anemone proteins: II. cytolysis and cell line toxicity. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(12), 1233-6.

Potent cytolytic activity was exhibited by proteins extracted from three sea anemones viz. Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla haddoni and Paracodylqctis sinensis by affecting the red blood corpuscles (RBC) and the mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) and leukemia cell line (P388). Crude toxin of all the three anemone species induced spontaneous hemolysis of chicken, goat and human erythrocytes. The crude toxin of H. magnifica (0.98 mg/ml) elicited hemolysis at levels of 4096, 512 and 4096 HU (hemolytic unit) in chicken, goat and human erythrocytes respectively. Subsequently, the crude toxin of S.haddoni (0.82 mg/ml) exhibited a hemolytic activity of 256, 128 and 512 HU and that of P. sinensis (0.60 mg/ml) had a hemolytic activity of 128, 4096 and 512 HU. Most of the partially purified proteins of these anemones also exhibited the activity against the three different erythrocytes. The viability of L929 and P388 was adversely affected on adding the crude toxins. The symptoms of toxicity shown by the cells were rounding, lysis and detachment from the substratum. These effects were the least in S. haddoni, as compared to those the crude toxins of the other two species. Inhibition of growth of L929 exhibited by the toxin of the three species ranged between 61.08 and 93.38%. Similarly, inhibition of the growth of P388 ranged between 51.32 and 86.16%. The present investigation reveal the cytotoxic nature of anemone toxins.

3 table, 18 ref

009248   Ravindran V S;Kannan L;Venkateshvaran K (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Portonovo-608 502, Email: vinothravindran@rediffmail.com) : Biological activity of sea anemone proteins: I. toxicity and histopathology. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(12), 1225-32.

The crude as well as partially purified protein fractions from anemone species viz. Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla haddoni and Paracodylactis sinensis, collected from the Gulf of Mannar, south east coast of India were found to be toxic at different levels to mice. The mice showed behavioral changes such as loss of balance, opaque eyes, tonic convulsions, paralysis, micturiction, flexing of muscles, prodding (insensitive to stimulii), foaming from mouth and exophthalmia. The toxic proteins upon envenomation produced several chronic and lethal histopathological changes like formation of pycnotic nuclii and glial nodules in the brain; heamolysis, thrombosis and myocardial haemorrhage in the heart; granulomatous lesions, and damage to the hepatic cells in the liver and haemorrhage throughout the kidney parenchyma and shrinkage of glomerular tufts in the kidney. The toxins proved to be neurotoxic, cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic by their action on internal organ systems. The toxins were also thermostable till 60°C and had considerable shelf life.

4 illus, 3 table, 34 ref

009247   Ravikumar A;Subbu Rathinam K M (Pharmacognosy Dep, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522 101) : Comparative evalutation of diuretic potential of Asclepadiaceae familly species in albino rats. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2010, 11(3), 119-25.

The diuretic potential of the methanolic extract of three species belong to the family Asclepadiaceae were investigated in albino rats In this study a diuretic potential of 1.49, 1.89, 2.38 and 1.94 observed in furosemide, C. procera, G. sylvestre and H. indicus respectively. Good diuretic activity was evident until the fifth hour when rat orally administrated with all these plant extracts. The diuretic activity of the three plant extracts compared with that of the standard drug furosemide at a dose of 150μg/kg body weight. Among the plants studied, maximum diuresis observed in G. sylvestre at the first hour of study indicated its rapid onset of diuretic action. The diuretic responses with its electrolyte excretion potency of the plant extracts were different among the chosen plants.

3 tables, 27 ref

009246   Rathod N;Chaudhari T R;Kshirsagar R (NO, L K Dr. P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule-424005) : Ionic levels in the Puntius arenatus (day) under the influence of monocrtophos. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(4), 291-2.

The levels of Na, Ca, K and Mg in the gills, liver, kidney and muscle of Puntius arenatus (Day) decreased due to exposure to monocrotophos.

1 table, 5 ref

009245   Nandi D;Mishra M K;Basu A;Bishayi B (Physiology Dep, Calcutta Univ, Immunology Laboratory, Culcutta, Email: biswa_dev2@yahoo.com) : Effects of IL-18 and IL-10 pre-treatment on the alteration of endogenous cytokines in liver and spleen of mice with experimental endotoxemia. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(11), 1103-10.

Mechanisms of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia are not clear; their protective role is being investigated so that they may effectively modulate the host cytokine levels during endotoxemia. The aim of the study was to evaluate protective effects of IL-18 and IL-10 in experimentally induced endotoxemia in mice correlating the changes in tissue anti-oxidant enzymes and circulating cytokines. Liver injury was determined by estimation of serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum nitric oxide (NOx), hepatic anti-oxidant enzyme and cytokine content in LPS (250 μg/kg) induced endotoxemic mice receiving either IL-18 (500 ng/mouse) or IL-10 (600 ng/mouse) treatment. Mice (87% of IL-10 treated and 74% of IL-18 treated) survived when administered prior to LPS challenge. Pre-treatment of mice with either IL-10 or IL-18 followed by LPS, lead to reduction in SGPT and SGOT level, serum NOx, and altered hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes activity and myeloperoxidase activity than the only LPS treated group. Marked reduction in the amounts of LPS-induced hepatic and splenic TNF-a content has been observed after IL-10 pre-treatment. Results suggested that attenuating the induction of TNF-α and IFN-χ and subsequent induction of nitric oxide formation in response to LPS may in part account for efficient protection by IL-18 and IL-10 in the reduction of LPS-induced liver injury.

6 illus, 2 table, 41 ref

009244   Moorthy R;Prabhu K M;Murthy P S (Biochemistry Dep, College of Medical Sciences and G.T.B. Hospital Univ, Shahdara, Delhi-110 095, Email: psmurthy_2000@yahoo.com) : Anti hyperglycemic compound (GII) from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) seeds, its purification and effect in diabetes mellitus. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(11), 1111-18.

An anti-hyperglycemic compound named GII was purified from the water extract of the seeds of fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum) and shown to be different from trigonelline and nicotinic acid isolated earlier from the same plant. GII (50 mg/kg body weight, πο) reduced blood glucose in glucose tolerance test (GTT) in the sub-diabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits and significantly reduced the area under the curve (AUC) of GTT. Treatment for 7 days of the sub-diabetic rabbits with GII (50 mg/kg body weight, πο) improved glucose tolerance without reducing fasting blood glucose (FBG) which was nearly normal. The results suggest that there is no risk of hypoglycemia in near normal animals (may be humans also) with abnormal GTT. Treatment of the moderately diabetic rabbits with GII (100 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks) reduced FBG to nearly normal value and improved GTT. GII was more effective than the standard drug tolbutamide. Intermittent therapy given on days 1-5, 11-15, 26-30 and 56-60 to moderately diabetic rabbits leaving in between days without treatment brought down FBG to normal and AUC during GTT was normal. After 15 days treatment with GII (100 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks) glycosylated hemoglobin came down and insulin increased to normal values in the sub-diabetic, moderately diabetic and severely diabetic rabbits. GII treatment (100 mg/kg body weight for 15 days) brought down all the altered serum lipids (TC, HDLC, TAG, PLs and FFAs) to normal levels. The results suggest that intermittent therapy, instead of daily therapy is possible and GII has good potential as an oral anti-diabetic drug with intermittent therapy.

9 table, 12 ref

009243   Moorthy R;Prabhu K M;Murth P S (biochemistry Dep, College of Medical Sciences and G.T.B. Hospital Univ, Shahdara, Delhi-110 095, Email: psmurthy_2000@yahoo.com) : Mechanism of anti-diabetic action, efficacy and safety profile of GII purified from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum Linn.) seeds in diabetic animals. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(11), 1119-22.

Mechanism of action of GII (100 mg/kg body weight, po for 15 days) purified from fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum) seeds was studied in the sub-diabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits. In the sub-diabetic rabbits it did not change much the content of total lipids, glycogen and proteins in the liver, muscle and heart (glycogen was not studied in the heart). However, in the moderately diabetic rabbits same treatment decreased total lipids more in the liver (21%) than those in the heart and muscle. Total protein content increased (14%) in the liver but negligible change (5-7%) was observed in heart and muscle. Glycogen increased (17%) in the liver but not in the muscle of the moderately diabetic rabbits (glycogen was not estimated in the heart). Among the enzymes of glycolysis, activity of glucokinase was not affected in the liver of both the sub-diabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits. Phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase activity in both sub-diabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits increased (13-50%) indicating stimulation of glycolysis. The activity of gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase of the sub-diabetic rabbits decreased in the liver (15-20%) but not in the kidneys. In the moderately diabetic rabbits after treatment with GII, glucokinase in the liver was not affected much (-9%) but increased well in the muscle (40%). Phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were moderately increased both in the liver and the muscle (18-23%). The gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase decreased reasonably well in the liver and kidneys (22, 32%). Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase decreased only slightly (10, 9%) in the moderately diabetic rabbits. Thus GII seems to decrease lipid content of liver and stimulate the enzymes of glycolysis (except glucokinase) and inhibit enzymes of gluconeogenesis in the liver of the diabetic especially moderately diabetic rabbits.

3 table, 14 ref

009242   Mahapatra P K;Sarkar N;Das S;Dutta S K (P.G. Zoology Dep, Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswqr-751 004, Email: mahap_pk@yahoo.com) : Gradient of reduced glutathione in the tail of Hemidactylus leschenaultii (Sauria: Gekkonidae). Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(11), 1094-7.

A proximo-distal gradient of reduced glutathione (GSH), a non enzymatic antioxidant was observed in the original tails of the lizard, H. leschenaultii. In the regenerating tails, a gradual increase in the level of GSH was noted with tail elongation. In the newly regenerated tails also the level of GSH remained higher in the proximal part than the corresponding distal parts.

3 illus, 2 table, 21 ref

009241   Kuriakose G C;Kurup M G (Biochemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Email: muraleedharakurup@gmail.com ) : Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Linn against paracetamol intoxication in rats. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(11), 1123-30.

Paracetamol caused liver damage as evident by significant increase in the activities of aspartate and alanine transferases. There were general statistically significant losses in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase and an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the liver of paracetamol treated group compared with the control group. However, treatment with ethanol extract of A. flos-aquae (EEAFA) was able to counteract these effects. Protection offered by silymarin (standard reference drug) seemed relatively greater. The results suggest that EEAFA can act as hepatoprotective agent against paracetamol induced toxicity as an antioxidant.

5 illus, 4 tabl, 42 ref

009240   Kshirsagar R V (Post-Graduate Dep of Zoology, P D E A's Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College, Akurdi Pune-411044) : Conchostracans in water bodies of Koyali (Dist-Pune) Maharashtra. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(4), 289-90.

Survey of ephemeral and lentic water bodies for zooplankton has been carried out in Koyali village (Dist-Pune). Some specimens of the order Conchostraca were collected from ephemeral bodies. Examination of this-conchostracans reveals that it resembles Eulimnada michaeli.

5 ref

009239   Kharb S;Shiv Charan (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Immunogenicity of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida B:2 in mice model. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(12), 1181-7.

The study was conducted to investigate the role of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMP) of Pasteurella multocida B:2 in mice as potential immunogens. Outer membrane proteins extracted from P. multocida B:2 grown under normal (OMP) and iron-deficient (IROMP) conditions were subjected to discontinuous SDS-PAGE. Nine polypeptides of MW ranging from 85.1 to 16.7 κDa from OMP preparations and two additional polypeptides of MW 95.4 and 89.1 κDa from IROMP preparations were observed with bands of MW 37.2 and 34.7 κDa as major proteins. Mice were immunized twice with OMP, IROMP-enriched fractions and whole cell lysate (WCL) via subcutaneous route at day 0 and 21. Antibody liters were determined from sera collected at weekly interval and protection was studied against challenge using 10² cfu of P. multocida two weeks after secondary immunization via intranasal and subcutaneous routes. IROMP and OMP immunized mice provoked significant antibody responses and IROMP induced higher antibody responses. IROMP and OMP immunized mice showed protection (100%) upon intranasal challenge and a protection (84%) following subcutaneous challenge as compared to high mortality (84%) in control mice. These results indicate that OMP enriched with IROMP fractions can be superior means of immunization.

2 illus, 2 table, 33 ref

009238   Kasar C R;Bhure D B;Nanware S S;Sonune M B (Zoology Dep, S P M Science, Gilani Arts, Commerce College, Ghatanji, Dist Yewatmal-445 301) : Taxometric evaluation of new cestode Moniezia (B) (Anoplocephallidae, Chlodkovsky, 1902) from Capra hircus (L.). Biosphere 2010, 2(2), 188-91.

Deals with taxomatric evaluations of Moniezia (B) madhukarae n.sp. from Capra hircus (L) from Amravati M.S. India during Decernber,2005. It comes closer to all the known species of the genus Moniezia (Blanchard, 1891) in general topography of organ but differs from some characters like simple and elongated scolex, long neck, mature segments broader than long, with double set of reproductive organs, testes small, 210-240 in numbers, cirrus pouch oval in shape. Ovary butterfly shaped, vagina posterior to cirrus pouch, interproglottid glands 18-20 in numbers with double rows and vitellihe gland post ovarian.

2 illus, 17 ref

009237   Kasar C R;Bhure D B;Nanware S S;Sonune M B (Zoology Dep, S P M Science, Gilani Arts, Commerce College, Ghatanji dist, Yewatmal-445 301) : New form of cestode Gangesia (Proteocephalidea, mola,1928) from Wallago attu. Biosphere 2010, 2(2), 123-6.

Deals with the new species of the genus Gangesia Woodland, 1924 i.e. G pandeyae n.sp. collected from freshwater fish Wallago attu from Dhamangaon (Rly) Dist. Amravati (M.S.) India. It is differs from all the known species of the genus in having scolex triangular, rounded anteriorly, broad posteriorly, sucker four, muscular, two on either side, hooks 24-25 in numbers, neck absent, mature segment broader than long, testes 180-200 in numbers, ovary distinctly bilobed, vagina.

2 illus, 18 ref

009236   Humbe A;Deshmukh S B;Borde S N (Zoology Dep, Dr B A M Univ, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Incidence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in sheep and goats from Marathwada region. Biosphere 2010, 2(2), 245-6.

This study was conducted to determine the incidence of helminth parasitic infections of sheep and goats from Marathwada region. Out of 165 Samples of Sheep and Goats from Aurangabad, Beed, Osmanabad and Latur District, during the month of June-2008, July-2009. 324 helminthic parasites found in this sample. The encountered parasitic species were Moniezia spp., Stilesia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Bunostomum spp. Trichuria spp., and Cotylophoron spp.

1 table, 6 ref

009235   Gupta A;Gautam M K;Singh R K;Vijay Kumar M; Rao C V;Goel R K;Anupurba S (Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Div, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, Email: kajalpoojaster@gmail.com) : Immunomodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. extract on cyclophosphamide induced toxicity in mine. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(11), 1157-60.

Immunomodulatory effect of ethanolic extract (50%) of M. oteifera leaves (MOE) has been studied in normal and immunosuppressed mice models. Different doses of MOE i.e. 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of mice were administered orally for 15 days. Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 30 mg / kg body weight was administered orally for the next 3 days. On day 16 and. 19, hematological parameters like white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin level (Hβ), percent neutrophils and organ weight were recorded. Effect of MOE on phagocytic activity of mice macrophages was determined by carbon clearance test. MOE showed significant dose dependent increase in WBC, percent neutrophils, weight of thymus and spleen along with phagocytic index in normal and immunosuppressed mice. The results indicate that MOE significantly reduced cyclophosphamide induced itnmunosuppression by stimulating both cellular and humoral immunity.

2 table, 23 ref

009234   Garad V B;Nanware S S (Post Graduate Zoology Dep, Dnyanopasak Mahavidalaya, Parbhani-431 401) : On a new cestode Cotugnia indiana sp nov (Cestoda : Davaineidae) from columba livia. Biosphere 2010, 2(2), 202-6.

Deals with, a new species of the genus Cotugnia, Dimare 1893 from the intestine ofColumba livia. The new species Cotugnia Indiana Sp.Nov. comes closer to all the known species of the genus Cotugnia in general topography of organ but differs in having Scolex distinctly marked off from Strobila squarish, Rostellum armed with hooks, Mature segments medium, Testes 70-75, Cirrus pouch obliquely placed, thin cirrus, Short vas deferens, Small ovary, irregular, indistinctly bilobed, Vagina thin tube, Small ootype and Vitelline gland oval.

1 illus, 34 ref

009233   Dhondge R M;Nanware S S;Bhure D B;Kadam M S (Zoology Dep, Shri Sant Gadge Maharaj Mahavidyalaya, Loha-431 708) : Protein profile of avian cestodes-a case study. Biosphere 2010, 2(2), 133-6.

The investigation deals with the protein content in avian Cestodes viz. Cotugnia orientalis Sp. Nov., Railleitina microscolenia Fuhrmann, 1908, Daveniayamaguti Sp. Nov., Vampirolepis indica Sp. Nov. and its host tissue i.e. infected and normal intestinal tissue. The study indicates that, the amount of protein is low in cestode parasite than infected and normal intestinal tissue of host. As well as the difference in the protein content of the parasite can be due to the difference in their diet.

2 table, 41 ref

009232   Dhondge R M;Nanware S S;Bhure D B (Zoology Dep, Shri Gadge Maharaj Mahavidyalaya, Loha-431 708) : Quantitative determination of lipids in some cestode parasites of birds. Biosphere 2010, 2(2), 143-7.

The investigation deals with the lipids content in avian Cestodes viz. Cotugnia orientalis Sp. Nov., Railleitinal microscolenia Fuhrmann, 1908, Daveniayamaguti Sp. Nov., Vampirolepis indica Sp. Nov. and its host tissue i.e. infected and normal intestinal tissue. The study indicates that the amount of lipid is low in parasite than infected and normal intestinal tissue of host. The content of lipid in parasite body is variable due to the difference in its diet. The lipid content may vary considerably even in the same species, parasitic in the same host species but fed on different diets.

2 table, 44 ref

009231   Das S;Dasgupta M (Regional Research Station(New Alluvial Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Gayespur, Nadia, West bengal-741234) : Physico-chemical conditions of the water of a microhabitat of mud eel Monopterus cuchia (Ham) from Nadi district of West Bengal. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 76-9.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

009230   Dange M P;Rathore A (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. Arts and Science College, Ratlam (M.P.)-457 001) : Karyotypic studies on four species of scarabaeidae (Polyphage : Coleoptera). Bioinfolet 2010, 7(4), 320-3.

Karyological investigations were carried out on adult male beetles, viz, Phalops divisus (Wiedman), P. olivaceous Lansberg, Hybosorus orientalis (Westwood) and Bolboceras sp. All species exhibited the 'modal' Polyphagan karyotype 2n = 20:9 + Xy_p sex mechanism.

1 table, 11 ref

009229   Changamma C;Lakshman J (Zoology Dep, P G Centre, S. V. Univ, Kavali-524 201, Email: chall_changamma@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of prostaglandin F2α on testicular metabolism of albino rat. J appl Biosci 2010, 36(2), 141-3.

Prostaglandin F2α (sc) administration induced testicular atrophic changes by decreasing its weight, GSI and dry matter. The biochemical composition of testes revealed a decrease in total carbohydrates with a simultaneous elevation of total lipids. The enhanced activity of G-6-PDH indicated an increased mobilization of carbohydrate reserves to hexose-mono-phosphate pathway (HMP) possibly oriented towards increased lipogenesis. PGF2α administration enhanced the HMP and citric acid cycle with an increase in energy production and glucogenesis leading to impaired spermatogenesis.

3 tables, 24 ref

009228   Chakrabarty M;Mondal K;Sett P;Paul S K (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120) : First record of Escualosa thoracata valenciennes in fresh water zone of Hoogly estuary near Dakshineshwar. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 80-3.

2 illus, 2 table, 11 ref

009227   Bhuyan K C;Dutta A;Kalita B (Zoology Dep, Morigaon College, Morigaon, Assam) : Hydrobiology and fishery status of Sondoba bell, Morigaon, Assam. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 48-53.

Physico-chemical variables of water and soil, and diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton with the fishery status of the Sondoba beel of Morigaon, Assam have been studied during September 2005 and August 2007. A total of 36 phytoplankton Genera, 14 belonging to Chlorophyceae, 11 to Bacillariophyceae, 9 to Myxophyceae and 2 to Euglenophyceae, and 23 zooplankton Genera, 5 belonging to Copepoda, 10 to Rotifera, 7 to Cladocera and 3 to Protozoa were recorded. The beel water was permanently alkaline in nature. Physico-chemical parameters of the beel were favourable for fishery. Of the 76 species of fish recorded, 05 were endangered, 13 vulnerable, 18 lower risk not threatened and 3 lower risk least concerned. Total catch was dominated by miscellaneous group (40.19%) followed by catfishes (21.94%), major carps (16.94%), feather back (11.23%), live fishes (5.62%) and minor carps (4.09%).

2 table, 26 ref

009226   Bhoyar V V;Tamloorkar H L;Ambore N E;Anasane P Y (PG Dep of Zoology, G S G College, Unarkhed-445 206) : Zooplankton diversity of Ambona lake, Umarkhed dist Yavatmal, Maharashatra. Biosphere 2010, 2(2), 234-5.

The study reports the Zooplankton community in the Ambona Lake, Dist. Yavatmal, Maharashtra has been studied for a period of six months from August 2009 to January 2010, showed great diversity. Out of the 10 species of Zooplankton identified 2 species belongs to protozoa, 4 species from rotifers, 2 species each from cladocera and Copepods recorded during study period. The seasonal changes of Zooplankton in relation to physicochemical parameters is still under investigation.

1 illus, 2 table, 10 ref

009225   Bera R;Dhara T K;Bhadra R;Majumder G C;Sen P C (Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan) : Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids enriched polyunsaturated fatty acids from the coastal marine fish of Bay of Bengal and their therapeutic value. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(12), 1194-1203.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) significantly present in marine fish oil emerge as preventive agents for combating many health problems specially in chronic or metabolic disorders. The fish in the coastal area of Bay of Bengal has remained unexplored with respect to EPA/DHA enriched PUFA content in its oils, although it may be a potential source in harnessing the health benefit. In this study, seven varieties of the coastal fish were analysed for the content of EPA/DHA. The one locally known as lotte, (Harpadon nehereus) though has low content of total lipids, was found to have high EPA/DHA in its oil. The phospholipids rich fraction was extracted from the total fish oil. The EPA/DHA enriched PUFA was isolated to investigate the potential use for health benefits. EPA/DHA is found to act as protective agent against mercury poisoning studied in cell culture as well as in animal mode. It is found to be highly preventive in diabetes. The lotte is available in the coastal area of Bay of Bengal adjoining West Bengal, India in large scale and it is the first report showing EPA/DHA enriched PUFA in these fish oil that can be availed to harness in important health benefits.

4 illus, 4 table, 33 ref

009224   Benarjee G;Srikanth K;Ramu G;Narasimha Ramulu K (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: gbgsss@yahoo.co.in) : Ethnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Eturunagaram in the Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(4), 701-4.

The ethnozoological practices using different animal products and their derivatives as medicine by the Koya and Guthikoya tribes in the Eturunagaram wild life sanctuary has been discussed. The study elucidates the use of 23 animals, which are described as folk medicine by the local tribal community. A field survey was conducted through interviews with a structured questionnaire revealed use of 23 species for the curing of various diseases. The zootherapeutic knowledge inherited since time immemorial was mostly based on the use of domestic animals and wild animals as important medicinal resources. It is suggested that this kind of knowledge may be useful to save the life in emergency. The study also gives emphasis on the strategies of conservation and management of faunistic resources. The ethnozoological practice indicates that traditional knowledge of zootherapy is a must and to be strengthened in order to discover the new line of resources in pharmaceutics.

1 table, 19 ref

009223   Atalik K W;Keles B;Uyar Y;Dundar M A;Oz M; Esen H H (Pharmacology Dep, Ok Meydan1 Education and Investigation Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey) : Vasoprotection by melatonin and quercetin in rats treated with cisplatin. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(12), 1188-93.

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has a variety of vascular side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of melatonin and cisplatin on the alterations in vascular reactivity and structure of cisplatin-treated rats. Phenylephrine (PHE) and KCl-caused concentration-dependent contractions of rat aorta. Pretreatment with cisplatin increased the sensitivity but not the max response to PHE and KC1. In rats treated with melatonin or quercetin before cisplatin, the EC₅₀ values, but not the maximal response to both agents were significantly higher than cisplatin-treated group. Compared to the control group, cisplatin-treatment significantly reduced the luminal area of the aorta. In melatonin and quercetin-treated aortas the luminal area values were significantly higher than cisplatin-treated group. The results demonstrate for the first time that melatonin and quercetin treatment may protect the aorta in cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

2 illus, 2 table, 29 ref

009222   Asimi O A;Srivastava P P;Shah T H (NO, S K Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Univ, Shuhama Campus, Alusteng, Srinagar, Kashmir-190 006) : Response of giant gourami (Colisa fasciatus) to melanophore incorporation in feed. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(2), 59-63.

^ssc6 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

009221   Anil Kumar;Garg R;Gaur V;Puneet Kumar (Pharmacology Div, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sceience Univ, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: kumaruips@yahoo.com) : Possible role of NO modulators in protecive effect of trazodone and citalopram (antidepressants) in acute immobilization stress in mice. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(11), 1131-5.

Stress is an aversive stimulus which disturbs physiological homeostasis and is reflected on a variety of biological systems. The present study was designed to investigate the nitric oxide mechanism in neuroprotective effect of trazodone and citalopram against acute immobilization-induced behavioral and biochemical alteration in mice. Mice were immobilized for a 6 η. Acute immobilization stress caused anxiety, hyperalgesia, impaired locomotor activity and oxidative damage. Pre-treatment with trazodone and citalopram significantly reversed immobilized stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. L-arginine, pretreatment with trazodone or citalopram significantly reversed their protective effects. However, L-NAME or methylene blue pretreatment with trazodone or citalopram significantly potentiated their protective effects alone. Results suggest the involvement of nitric oxide pathways in the protective effect of trazodone and citalopram against immobilization stress induced behavioral and biochemical alterations.

2 table, 31 ref

024973   Verma R K;Tomar G S;Kapoor S (Zool Dep, R.B.S. Coll, Agra, U.P.) : Effect of carbamate and organophosphate on haemolymphal carbohydrate (Glucose) in larvae of Tricoplusia Ni (Lepidoptera). Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 467-8.

For all the metabolic activities carbohydrate plays very important role, as it provides energy. But if there is any disturbance in blochemical aspects by any toxic substance, then significant inhibition of enzymes, particularly the carbohydratase (amylase) occurs which is needed for conversion of polysaccharide to monosaccharide form. Regarding the feeding it showed that feeding response decreased due to which utilisation of great quantity of carbohydrate reserve metabolices. It was shown that due to carbamate pesticide there was more loss of carbohydrate percentage than organophosphate pesticide in haemolymph of Tricoplusia ni. This experiment supports the hypothetical concept of Clark and Butz (1961) according to which the killing action of some pesticides is due to reduction of carbohydrate metabolism.

1 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

024972   Telang S;Verma A;Basu C;Dixit S (Zool Dep, Govt. Sci & Commerce Coll, Benazeer, Bhopal-462 001) : Biological pollution-a threat to fruitful fishes. Indian J appl pure Biol 2006, 21(1), 151-2.

Fishes are ideal source of animal protein, which prevents protein malnutrition in developing countries like India etc. In the present study, the fish fauna of Motia Talab has been studied and it was observed that Biological Pollution is created bypredatory fishes to check the growth and population of fruitful fisher (Carps).

2 tables, 6 ref

024971   Tat M B;Jadhav B V (Zool Dep, Arts Commerce & Sci Coll, Kille-Dharur, Dist, Beed-431 124) : New tapeworm from the host, Capra hircus at Beed, Maharashtra, India. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 255-8.

A new species of the genus Moniezia, Blanchard 1891 sub genus Blanchariezia, Skrjabin and Schulz, 1937, collected from the intestine of host Capra hircus has been presented. The present tape worm differs from all other species of genus Moniezia (B.) in having scolex large in size, globular in shape; with four muscular suckers, large in size, oval in shape; neck medium; mature segments broader than long longer, with double set of reproductive organs; testes 168 in number, small in size, oval in shape; ovary is large in size, oval in shape; cirrus pouch medium in size; cirrus is wide, slightly curved; vagina is thin tube; ootype is small; genital pore medium; inter proglottid glands 14-15 in number; vitelline gland medium; longitudinal excretory canals are thin.

1 illus, 12 ref

024970   Surve P R;Ambore N E;Jadhav S S;Pulle J S (Zool Dep, Shri Shivaji Coll, Kandhar, Dist. Nanded, M.S) : Zooplanktonic populations and their correlation with some physico-chemical characteristics of Barul dam water. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 193-8.

The diversity and population dynamics of zooplankton is under the control of a number of factors like immediate physico-chemical environment, trophic status, pollution influence and all types of interactions amongst biotic communities. Study of monthly variations in the zooplankton population and their correlation with some physico-chemical characteristics of Barul dam water during the year 1999 was carried out. The highest zooplankton population was recorded in the month of September. About 15 zooplankton species were observed. Zooplankton populations showed negative correlation with water temperature while positive correlation with pH and DO. Arthropod populations showed negative correlation with water temperature and Co₂.

5 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

024969   Srinivasan N;Vijayaragavan R (Phys Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu) : Manganese and cobalt analysis of kidney of albinomouse treated with tadalfil (Viagra) using AAS. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 469-70.

Atomic spectral analysis indicate a significant changes in mineral (MN and Co) status of kidney of albino mouse (Mus musculus) due to drug (Tadalafil) treatment has been well correlated with the function of kidney.

1 table, 6 ref

024968   Solanki R;Dubey K K;Mandloi A K (Zool Dep, Govt. M.H. Coll of H.Sc. & Sc. for Women, Jabalpur, M.P) : Length-weight relationship and relative condition of Labeo rohita (Ham.) from Robertson lake, Jabalpur. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 323-6.

Total 50 specimens of Labeo rohita were studied during the two years of study period (May 2000 to April 2002), from Robertson lake, Jabalpur, Body weight and total length were measured. The departure from Cubic-law has been tested and correlation coefficient `r' and Kn value condition-factor have also been computed. The result showed that growth of Labeo rohita in satisfactory.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

024967   Singh S P (Zool Dep, Govt. P.G. (Autonomous) Coll, Satna-485 001) : Population status and group composition of hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus) in Chitrakoot area (M.P.). Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 461-6.

The langur population density differed from habitat to habitats. Study at Chitrakoot area thirty-one groups were found spread in an area of 60.85 per sp.km. of which 30 are bisexual multi male and one is all-male langur groups. The population of Chitrakoot area in the year 2000 was 16 langurs per sq. km.

3 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

024966   Singh R B (Zool Dep Sch of life Sci, DR. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002) : Methylation studies of aldobiouronic acid from Agathis australis gum polysaccharide. Indian J appl pure Biol 2006, 21(1), 39-42.

Water soluble gum polysaccharide was extracted from Agathis australis as L-arabinose and D-galactose in 1:4 molar ratio with traces as L-fucose. Methylation of aldobiouronic acid was obtained from graded hydrolysis of degraded gum which gave methyl sugars as: 2,3,4, tri-o-methyl-D-galactose and 2,3,4-tri-o-methyI-D-glucuronic acid.

11 ref

024965   Siddiqui A;Singh S P (Zool Dep, Holkar Sci Coll, Indore, M.P.) : Butterfly diversity of Panna forest (M.P.). Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 403-6.

Preliminary survey was carried to know the butterfly diversity of Panna forest. Butterflies are most beautiful and sensitive to the changes in the habitat and weather conditions, they acts as indicator of environmental changes. the floral diversity of Panna forest specially National Park attracts them as pollinating agents. During the survey 7 families and 54 species of butterflies were identified taxonomically. Overall, maximum 17 species was found in Nymphalidae at family level and minimum 03, diversity was seen in family Hesperidae. The result shows that Panna forest provides enough space to different species of butterflies.

1 table, 11 ref

024964   Shukla S;Dass S K;Saksena D N (Zool Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi-294 128) : Effect of nuvan, a pesticide on gills of fresh water cat fish Clarias batrachus. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 339-42.

Acute toxicity and prolonged toxicity by evaluating histo-pathological aspects has been done for the histopathological studies the concentration was selected 1/15 and 1/10 (0/10 and 0/16) of 96 hrs. LC₅₀ value, 96 hrs. LC₅₀ value was 1.58±0.0287 mgl^-1. The epithelial cells as well as the pilaster cells showed signs of degeneration in the epithelial cells at places and have lost their cell walls. The epithelium at the base of the secondary lamellae became swollen due to appearance of vacuoles. The epithelial cells lost their cell boundaries at places.

6 illus, 13 ref

024963   Sharma O P;Gurpreet Kour (Zool Dep, Univ of Jammu, J & K) : Karyological analysis of soft-shelled turtle Lissemys punctata punctata (Family:Trionychidae) from J & K state. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 235-40.

Cytogenetic studies were carried on a soft-shelled turtle, Lissemys punctata punctata (Order-Chelonia, Family-Trionychidae). The male and female specimens were collected from Surinsar lake (Jammu, J&K). Tissues, such as spleen (in case of both male and female) and gonads (testes in case of male) were used for chromosomal preparations using air-drying technique. In both the sexes of Lissemys punctata punctata a diploid count of 66 chromosomes (2n=66) has been observed. The karyotype is categorised into macro and microchromosomes comprising 26 macro and 40 microchromosomes. The sex chromosomes could not be distinguished both in male and female.

6 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

024962   Shaikh T T;Nikam S R;Jadhav R N;Jadhav V D (Zool Dep, Dr. Babasahed Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad, M.S.) : Zooplankton and helminthes : mortal enemy of poor free living ciliates. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 477-8.

There are about 918 samples were examined, out of which 716 samples proved that after few days of collecting water there is appearance of zooplankton and belminthes in the water sample (collected water) containing ciliates.

5 ref

024961   Shah S;Patel S K (Life Sci Dep, Bhavnagar Univ, Bhavnagar-364 002) : Histological and histochemical studies of silk glands of Argiope anasuja and Stegodyphus pacificus. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 453-6.

Spiders are the integrated part of all ecosystems and have attracted the naturalists for their intricate webs. Production of silk is a unique feature of spiders which is secreted by the silk glands lie in its abdomen. Silk glands are of many types. Histology of large ampullate gland and cylindrical gland of A. anusuja (Fam. : Araneidae) and S. pacificus (Fam. : Eresidae) was done. Both glands have significant role in the life of a spider. Histochemical studies were done to know the chemical nature of the spider's silk at its site of synthesis i.e. silk glands. Review of literature reveals that this type of work is very scant in India with Indian spiders.

4 illus, 12 ref

024960   Raikhy G;Hallan V;Kulshrestha S;Raja Ram; Zaidi A A (Pl Virus Lab Floriculture Div, Inst of Himalayan Bioresource Technol, Palampur- 176 061, Email: zaidi_aijaz@yahoo.com) : Complete nucleotide sequence of an Indian isolate of Carnation etched ring virus and its homology with other caulimoviruses. Curr Sci 2006, 90(2), 176-87.

Carnation etched ring virus (CERV) is a member of Caulimovirus with double stranded DNA genome of approx. 8 kb. CERV has been previously characterized from Holland and the article is an effort to completely characterize the Asian isolate of CERV. Primers were designed for amplification of all genes encoded by the CERV, viz. movement protein, aphid transmission factor, DNA binding protein, coat protein, poly protein and inclusion body matrix genes, including the complete genome. The CERV genome was sequenced by amplifying the complete genome of CERV using primers from 5'- and 3'-end and with internal primers that amplify individual genes and parts of the genes. The genome was found to comprise of 7924 bp, with GC content of 37%. The different genes encoded by CERV were compared with other known CERV isolates and caulimoviruses. They were found most conserved with respect to poly protein region (37-65 % amino acid similarity), while least with respect to inclusion body matrix protein (5-37% amino acid similarity). CERV isolates from India and Holland when compared for different genes, showed 96-99% homology between different genes at the amino acid level. Multiplex PCR protocols were standardized to amplify different genes of the CERV genome in one reaction. Phylogenetic analysis based on different genes indicated that CERV has independently evolved among caulimo viruses, but is closely related to Cauliflower mosaic virus.

5 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

024959   Pasha F;Romsha Singh (Biotechnol Dep, Unique Coll, Bhopal, M.P.) : Effect of herbicide on melanophores of Oreochromis mossambicus due to pesticidal pollution. Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 443-7.

Pursuit toxicity causes stress in alpha adrenorecepters thereby blocking the nerve response in melanophores, which results in dispersion of melanophores making the body color dark, where as an antagonistic effect of phentolamine causes the constriction of melanin from periphery to center, thereby aggregation was noted. The dispersing fibers appear to exert their action on melanophores through the mediation of acetylcholine, showing the aquatic stress.

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

024958   Ojha R S;Kamal Singh;Dutta S (Zool Dep, R.B.S. Coll, Agra-282 002) : Description of new species Abgrallaspis katorii (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Diaspididae) collected from Shikohabad (U.P.). Natn J Life Sci 2004, 1(2), 417-20.

Abgrallaspis katorii n.sp. collected from Shikohabad Distt. Firozabad (U.P.). It is described as new species of armored scale insect (Homoptera : Diaspididae). It is one of the species of Diaspididae in Northern India, known to cause underneath scale chlorotic effect on leaves.

2 illus, 14 ref