023433   Kulkarni B G;Mohammed F A;Kupekar S S;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, 15 Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032) : Histopathological alterations in alimentary canal of Periplanata americana induced by oral administration of cypermethrin, carbaryl and monocrotophos. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2006, 6(3-4), 127-32.

Oral administration of sublethal dose (less than the LD₅₀ value for 96 hours) of cypermethrin (2.0x10^-3 mg), carbaryl (5.0x10^-2 mg) and monocrotophos (1.8x 10^-1 mg) for 96 hours induced noticeable changes in the alimentary canal of Periplanata americana. Histopathological changes due to insecticide treatments in foregut include contraction of the circular muscles with air spaces around them, breakdown in continuity of circular muscle, detachment of longitudinal muscles from the epithelium and shrinkage in epithelial lining cells along with the nuclei. The changes observed in midgut of the exposed cockroaches were the detachment of longitudinal muscle and shrinkage of circular muscles, shrinkage of the columnar cells along with nuclei, fusion of columnar epithelial cells, evacuation of the nuclei, Vacuolization of cytoplasm and loss of cytoplasmic density and organization. Of the three insecticides tested, carbaryl treatment elicited more severe changes in the alimentary canal as compared to the other insecticides. In case of carbaryl treatment, the cell membranes were completely destroyed and cytoplasm was evacuated into the lumen leaving behind the nucleus and excessive Vacuolization of the epithelial cells. The intima secreted by the epithelial cells was destroyed at most of the places after carbaryl treatment but remained unaffected under cypermethrin and monocrotophos ingestion. The present study reveals that the alimentary canal is grossly affected by insecticides and might be one of the factors contributing to death of the cockroaches.

12 illus, 16 ref

023432   Korad V;Yardi K;Raut R (Zool Dep, Fergusson College, Pune, Maharashtra-411 004, Email: vishakhakorad@yahoo.com) : Diversity and distribution of bats in the Western ghats of India. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(7), 2752-8.

Current patterns of distribution of bats in the Western Ghats of India are provided with endemism of species, exclusiveness in various zonesm and possible factors producing these variations. Species checklist from published literature is complied. The number of species in six zone of 222 km each, their endemism at Western Ghats level and exclusiveness at zonal level in presented. Distribution patterns, habits, habitat specificity, threats and conservation measures have been included.

2 illus, 3 tables, 54 ref

023431   Khanna P;Sharma O P;Tripathi N K (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Genotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide on polytene chromosomes of Chironomus samoensis, Edwards (Chironomidae: Diptera). Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2006, 76(Pt1), 41-50.

Genotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide on the structural organization of the polytene chromosomes of Chironomus samoensis Edwards larvae was examined. In chromosomes AE, BF, CD and G significant differences of chromosome aberrations were found between exposed and control larvae. No specimens with standard polytene chromosomes were found in the material treated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. These chromosomal changes are interpreted as a reaction of the genome to stressful rearing conditions.

2 tables, 4 illus, 38 ref

023430   Keshri D K;Singh S K;Singh B K (NO, T S College, Hisua, Nawada, Bihar) : Preliminary studies on histomorphology of corpus cardiacum in pre - copulating female Spilostethus pandurus (scopali) (lygaeidae : heteroptera). Proc Zool Soc India 2007, 6(1), 61-4.

Corpus Cardiacum in pre-copulating female Spilostethus pandurus is present as a paired, conical neurohaemal structure, situated posterior and in close proximity of posterior end of brain. It is situated above the gut and ventrolaterally to aorta. The corpora cardiacum are composed of two types of cells-chromophilic and chromophobe cells. The chromophilic cells are bound anteriorly and mesially close to aorta whereas the chromophobe cells lie posteriorly and laterally. The part nearer to brain acts as a storage organ for the brain neurosecrectory materials whereas the distal part is secretary in nature and synthesizing its own secretion.

1 illus, 11 ref

023429   Keshari S;Pandey P N (Zoology Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi) : Insect pests of teak (Tectona grandis) of Chotanagpur forests and their control. Proc Zool Soc India 2007, 6(1), 95-103.

Extensive survey of teak pests was made and about 40 species belonging to 5 families recorded from Jharkhand. Almost all the species are new report from Jharkhand.

2 tables, 6 ref

023428   Kasambe R;Wadatkar J (NO, , G-1, Lami Apartments, 64, Vidya Vihar Colony, Pratap Nagar, Nagpur-440 022, Email: Rajukasambe@rediffmail.com) : Birds of Pohara-Malkhed Reserve Forest, Amravati, Maharashtra - an updated annotated checklist. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(7), 2768-70.

^sc9 ref

023427   Kanchan Kumari;Sinha R C (Zoology Dep, Centre for Environment and Nature Conservation, Patna Univ, Patna-800 005) : Cholinesterase activity as potential biomarker in the frog, R. tigrina. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2006, 6(3-4), 153-7.

Effects of carbaryl on the acetylcholinesterase in the brain and butrylcholinesterase in the plasma of the frog Rana tigrina were evaluated. Both these enzymes are inactivated by carbaryl (Sevin), the most commonly used pesticide: The assessment of the cholinesterase inhibition is a useful tool to evaluate environmental pollution. AChE as a biomarker of anticholinesterase compounds in monitoring program has become imperative since AChE is present from insects to human beings. The study revealed that, butrylcholinesterase activity in the plasma and AChE activity in the brain decreased significantly (p <60> 0.015) following the treatment of carbaryl suggesting inhibition of AChE. AChE as biomarker has been further corroborated by the study of AST and ALT in the plasma of the frog, R. tigrina. There was a gradual behavioral recovery of the animal under the terminal period of 48 hrs suggesting reversible reaction of carbaryl.

2 tables, 20 ref

023426   Jaiswal N;Malhotra A;Malhotra S K (Zoology Dep, Parasitology Laboratory, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Distribution and abundance relationship in infracommunities of proteocephalid tapeworms infesting sharks of Arabian sea at Goa. Proc Zool Soc India 2007, 6(1), 113-9.

Investigations conducted at the Central West Coast of India encompassing Dona Paula beach at Goa involved examination of 789 Rhinchodon typus during 2005-2006 that yielded proteocephalid tapeworms. But it appeared more likely that the first intermediate hosts of these larval forms were the copepodid hosts that were eaten up by smaller fishes like mackerels, oil sardines etc., which in turn formed the part of diet of larger fishes like sharks in Arabian Sea. On this count the likelihood of sharks acting like paratenic hosts for these proteocephalids could not be discounted. The overdispersion of worms reflected characteristic distribution.

2 tables, 12 ref

023425   Indulkar S T;Belsare S S;Ranade A M;Raje P C (NO, College of Fisheries, Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Ratnagiri-415 629) : Culture of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii with low inputs in Ratnagiri District of Maharashtra. Proc Zool Soc India 2007, 6(1), 1-5.

Culture trials of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were carried out in newly excavated ponds in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra state during the years 2000 -2001 and 2001-2002. Various management aspects, such as, culture system, manuring, fertilization, stocking density, feeding etc. are discussed. After a rearing period of eight months, the culture trials yielded a prawn production of 1485 and 1028 kg/ha/8 months respectively during the years 2000-2001 and 2001-2002. In the polyculture trials during 2000-2001, a production of 571 kg prawn and 1657 kg fish (IMC) and during 2001-2002, 306 kg prawn and 1133 kg fish (IMC) per hectare in 8 months duration was obtained. Studies indicated that there is a scope to improve the prawn production from culture ponds with better feed management.

1 table, 7 ref

023424   Hasan M K;Feeroz M M;Islam M A;Kabir M M; Sajeda Begum (Zool Dep, Jahangimagar Univ, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Email: hasan_wildlifeju@yahoo.com) : Substrate use by the western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in a semievergreen forest of Bangladesh. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2702-05.

Study was conducted on the substrate height and substrate use by the Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolode hoolode) between April 2002 and June 2008 at Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh. One gibbon group with three individuals was followed and a total of 2674 observations were recorded during the study period. Substrate height used by the gibbons ranged between 8m and 28m. They performed most of their activities (84%) between 6m and 20m substrate height. Maximum use of substrate heights in different activities were recorded from 11 m to 15m; maximum feeding (34%), moving (40%), resting (32%), calling (45%) and social activities (26%) were recorded between this (11m & 15m) heights. Minimum feeding (6%), moving (5%) and resting (6%) were recorded from 1m to 5m and minimum calling (2%) and social activities (2%) were recorded above 26m substrate height. In substrate use they performed most of the activities on small branches and near the periphery and least on the trunk of trees. Substrate height and substrate use during different activities varied significantly and between different age-sex classes. Gibbons were not found to perform any activities on the ground.

3 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

023423   Gupta Y C;Kauntey R (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh) : Report of a new species of Staccia Stal spp., 1865 from India (hemiptera : heteroptera, reduviidae). Proc Zool Soc India 2007, 6(1), 73-6.

Genus Staccia Stal. is hitherto described by a single species, S. diluta Stal. from Burma and Ceylon by Distant, 1902. A genus is for the first time recorded from India. A new species of the genus, S. indica sp. nov. is described from West Bengal, India.

8 illus, 5 ref

023422   Gupta Y C;Chaturvedi D K (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura-281 004) : Description of a new species of fresh water bug, Tenagogonus stal., from Uttar Pradesh, India (Hemiptera : Heteroptera, Gerridae). J ent Res 2006, 30(3), 273-76.

The genus Tenagogonus Stal., is hitherto represented by a single species viz., Tenagogonus (Tenagogonus) nicobarensis Anderson from Andman, India. (Anderson, 1964). A new species of the genus Tenagogonus Stal., Tenagogonus (Limnometra) mayanki sp.nov. is described from Uttar Pradesh, India establishing the first record of the subgenus Limnometra.

2 illus, 6 ref

023421   Gupta U S;Rathore C S (Zoology Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour Univ, Sagar-470 003) : Effect of Annona spp. seed extract on the reproductive physiology of Poekilocerus pictus (insecta). Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2006, 76(Pt1), 30-40.

Acetogenin was extracted from the decorticated Annona seeds. The extract was made by petroleum ether in Soxhlet apparatus. Diluted extract 4% was sprayed on the Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. leaves and was feed to the newly emerged insects. In the haemolymph, a total of nine-protein fraction was detected by Polyacrlamide gel disc electrophoresis in normal insect. In treated insects the concentration of the fraction 3, 4, 5, and 6 decreased as compared to the control insect. The ovary of the treated insect remains small as compared to the control. In the 15 to 20 days treated ovary the follicular epithelial cells remain small no yolk was formed. In 10 to 15 days old treated insect testis follicles were deformed, nuclei were pycnotic, and sheath cells show lyses. The zone of maturation and transformation was much filled with vacuoles. Testicular follicles were filled with pycnotic spermatocytes. The treated insect fat body show no accumulation of protein granules, nucleoli were small, nuclei of the fat cell remain small, chromatin material was not sharp, nucleoplasm was less pyronine positive. From the observations it is evident that the acetogenin affects the fat cells and no proteins were synthesized. As acetogenin affects the physiology of reproduction in insect this can be used as a biopesticide.

8 illus, 20 ref

023420   Ghosh A R;Pal S;Mukherjee A K (Environmental Science Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan, West Bengal) : Chemical pollutants and its effects of fish physiology with special reference to accumulation, absorption and excretion. J envir Sociobiol 2007, 4(1), 55-62.

Environmental hypoxia or exposure to other chemical pollutants can induce a reduction in number of fish erythrocytes or inadequate amount of hemoglobin in the cells resulted in anemia. Cadmium causes anemia in a variety of fish species also. The most metals are absorbed by fishes in the ionic form except methylmercury. The outer surface of gills and intestinal tissues is a negative charge; therefore, it will attract metallic ions. The affinity of metals in the specific tissue is determined by the micro-environment of the tissue surface, viz., the mucosal surface of fishes is complex one, because it includes the epithelial membranes as well as mucous layer, encompassing a mixture of glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, assorted low molecular weight compounds and water. Uptake as well as accumulation of metals is directly correlated with pH of the luminal medium. The proximal portion of the intestine possesses more absorptive surface area where the lipophilic toxic metals are assimilated in much quantity. In the intestine metal accumulation is largely associated with plasma albumin and lipoproteins. The mechanism of metal uptake through the gut has been assumed to be simple diffusion and biotransformation of chemicals before excretion may be a process of passive diffusion.

18 ref

023419   Dutta S;Mandal T K (Zoology Dep, Malda College, Malda, West Bengal) : Cadmium chloride stress in Rattus sp.. J envir Sociobiol 2007, 4(1), 45-54.

The study was carried out on common white rats, Rattus sp. Histopathological observation under CdCl₂ stress reveals the hepatocytic necrosis, neuropathy and polycystic ovary syndrome. Serological study suggests that cadmium binds with the RBC during transportation and causes damage to RBC membrane.

8 illus, 19 ref

023418   Dev Roy M K;Roy M;Nandi N C (Zoological Survey of India, , 27 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016) : Crustacean community and ecosystm health of some selected wetlands of West Bengal. J envir Sociobiol 2007, 4(1), 93-100.

Crustacean communities of four selected wetlands of West Bengal, namely, Rabindra Sarovar, Nalban, Brace Bridge Nature Park and Mirik Lake have been studied. All these four water bodies are freshwater wetlands. Among these, Nalban and Brace Bridge Nature Park are sewage fed wetlands. Crustacean community of these wetlands is comprised of Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Conchostraca, Amphipoda, Isopoda and Decapoda. The list includes 36 species of zooplankton and macrozoobenthos. The study reveals highest representation of crustacean diversity in Rabindra Sarovar. Data obtained on water quality as well as general ecological parameters suggest that highest crustacean diversity is associated with habitat ecology, niche diversity, naturalness and ecosystem health of the wetlands.

18 ref

023417   Das A;Firoz Ahmed M (Herpetolo Div, , Aaranyak, 50 Samanwoy Path, Survey, Guwahati-781 028, Email: abhijitdas80@rediffmail.com) : Range extension of assamese day gekko Cnemaspis assamensis Das and Sengupta (Sauria : Gekkonidae). Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2720.

12 ref

023416   Chaudhuri P S;Bhattacharjee G (Zoology Dep, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala-799 004) : Report on hatching of a 'three-tailed" earthworm (Polypheretima elongata) from India. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2006, 29(3-4), 131-2.

"Three-tailed' juvenile hatching from a normal cocoon of Polypheretima elongata (Perrier) has been reported for the first time. Probably this was a case of compound bifurcation due to congenital abnormality as found in other oligochaetes.

1 illus, 5 ref

023415   Chandrakar M;Palekar S;Chandrakar S (Zool Dep, Govt Vidarbha Inst of Sci & Humanitis, Amravati, Maharasthra, Email: mamatachandra@rediffmail.com) : Butterfly fauna of Melghat region, Maharashtra. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(7), 2762-4.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

023414   Chandra P;Gupta N (Animal Science Dep, MJP Rohilkhan Univ, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh) : Proteocephalus bufonis spp N. SP. (cestoda : proteocephalidae) from the toad Bufo melanostictus collected from Uttar Pradesh, India. Proc Zool Soc India 2007, 6(1), 105-12.

Gastro-intestinal contents of Bufo melanostictus collected from amphibious sites of Bareilly and its adjoining areas indicated the presence of a new species of cestode parasite Proteocephalus bufonis n. sp. belonging to the order Proteocephalidea. The parasite occurred at a incidence of 30% and a concentration index of 4-6 par/host. Proteocephalus bufonis n.sp. is characterized by smaller size (3-5 cm.), large sco/ex (0.08 x 0.120 mm), bearing large prominent sucker (0.50 x 0.040 mm), ill-defined uterine diverticula and long gravid proglottid.

1 table, 1 illus, 18 ref

023413   Chandra K;Sharma R M;Ajit Singh;Singh R K (Zoological Survey of India, , Vijay Nagar, Jabalpur-482 002, Email: kailash1161@redifmail.com) : Checklist of butterflies of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states, India. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(8), 2790-8.

Checklist of butterflies so far recorded from Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, representing 174 species/subspecies of 100 genera under eight families is given.

1 table, 29 ref

023412   Chakraborty S (Zoology Dep, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram-721 507) : Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCS)-a menace of industrial revolution. J envir Sociobiol 2007, 4(1), 37-43.

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances or mixtures that interfere with the function(s) of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse health effects in an intact organism or its progeny or (sub) populations. Several field and laboratory studies have shown that exposure to certain EDCs has contributed to adverse effects in some wildlife species and populations. These effects vary from subtle changes in the physiology and sexual behaviour of species to permanently altered sexual differentiation. Most of the data comes from Europe and North America. Aquatic species at the top of the food chain are most affected, but effects have also been observed in terrestrial species. Some adverse effects observed in certain species are likely to be endocrine mediated, but in most cases, the causal link between exposure and endocrine disruption is unclear. To date, essentially all researches on EDCs have been driven by effects (or purported effects), many of which have caused public concern and made sensationalist stories in the media. Thus, for example, the possible decrease in sperm counts was very influential in highlighting the human issues, while intersex fish helped to highlight the wildlife aspects of the EDC issue.

9 ref

023411   Bisht B;Dwivedi A C;Rawat J S (Zoology Dep, H. N. B. Garhwal Univ, Srinagar Garhwal) : Sex ratio and sex structure of snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) from the lower stretch of the river Alknanda in the Himalayan region. Proc Zool Soc India 2007, 6(1), 7-14.

Sex ratio varies considerably from species to species, but in the majority of species it is close to 1. The sampling period is breeding season of the Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray). Samples of S. richardsonii were collected seasonally during December 2005 to March 2006 from the lower stretch of the Alaknanda River in Himalayan region at Srinagar. The male sex ratio was higher than female in 14.1-18.0, 18.1-22.0 and 50.1-54.0 cm size groups while male and female ratio was equal in 46.1-50.0 arid 54.1-58.0 cm size groups. The female sex ratio was higher than male in 22.1-26.0, 26.1-30.0, 30.1-34.0, 34.1-38.0, 38.1-42.0 and 42.1-46.0 cm size groups. In the stock sex ratio of female was higher than male (1:2.52) and difference was non-significant. In the stock sex structure of male was (28.43%) and female (71.57%).

1 table, 3 illus, 25 ref

023410   Bhoopathi R;Gautam R D (Plant Health Clinic, Entomology Div, IARI, New Delhi-110 012) : Effect of temperature on biological attributes of Zygogramma bicolorata pallister (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). J ent Res 2006, 30(3), 255-58.

Life cycle of Z. bicolorata had a highly significant negative correlation with constant temperature while development of all the stages had a significant negative correlation. The egg period lasted for 12.65 days at 15°C and correlation coefficient of -0.97 with a regression equation Y₁ = 18.80-0.46x. Both adults and larvae died within 24 hrs, when reared at 40°C. The optimum temperature for feeding, oviposition and hatchability ranged between 25°C to 30°C. Development of egg and larva was completely arrested when reared at 10°C. Maximum egg laying (17.8 ± 2.8/24hrs) and hatchability (89%) were observed at 25°C. Interestingly, fecundity had negative correlation as it decreased with the increase in temperature. Total leaf area consumed by one larva during its developmental period at 25°C was 22.92 ± 2.56 cm². Rate of feeding was reduced markedly both by high (35°C) and low (15°C) temperatures. Similarly, the pupal mortality was very high (70.84%) at 15 and 35°C, whereas only 14 percent of the pupa died at 25°C.

2 tables, 1 illus, 20 ref

023409   Bhatnagar P S;Mathur R (Zoological Survey of India, , M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053) : Play behaviour in free-living langur (Semnopithecus entellus) infants. J envir Sociobiol 2007, 4(1), 101-10.

Play behaviour in free-living langurs has been studied at Ambagarh Reserve Forest, near Jaipur, India using focal sampling (Altmann, 1974) for 317 hours on a unimale group of langurs of 102 individuals. Infants were classified as young (dark pelage, birth <60> 6 months) and old (grey pelage, 6 months to 12-15 months). Observations were recorded in 3 states: infant with mother (state 0), infant less than 2 feet away from mother (state 1) and infant more than 2 feet away from mother (state 2). Unlike old infants, young infants played while on mother and old infants played away from mother and in state 2, play alone, play with other infant and play with juvenile differed significantly (X² = 18.01, df = 2, p <60> 0.01). Both natural and sexual selection seem to have played a role. Those patterns have evolved, which are adaptive. Play is replaced by grooming (which strengthens social bonding) in non-human primate and socialization in humans.These traits help in selecting potential mates. Comparison of human and langur infants indicates that young langur infants are comparable to 1st year and toddlers while old langur infants are similar in play profile to pre-schoolars and elementary. Influences of habitat quality on play behaviour in primates have been discussed.

5 tables, 35 ref

023408   Banerjee S;Magdum S;Kalena G P;Banerji A (Zoology Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour Univ, Sagar-470 003) : Effect of phytoquinones on total protein content of selected tissues in Dysdercus koenigii (Heteroptera, Pyrhhocoridae). Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2006, 76(Pt1), 22-9.

Describes effect of these two phytoquinones on total protein content of fat body, gonads and brain, proteins being the most important macromolecules of all physiological activities and a feedback mechanism existing in insects between the organs (tissues) mentioned above. Remarkable effects with a dose dependent statistically significant decline in protein content indicate interference of quinones with general metabolism, on one hand, and with release of trophic factors for hormone secretion regulating fecundity and fertility, on the other.

8 tables, 43 ref

023407   Bajpai S (NO, Hooghly Women's College, Hooghly-712 103) : Aspects of regulatory genotoxicity of chemicals in mammalian cells. J envir Sociobiol 2007, 4(1), 25-9.

Bacterial reverse mutation test, greater than 50% reduction in cell number and 80% toxicity measured by assessment of cloning efficiency at highest concentration are the levels of cytotoxicity to be considered. Recent review has pointed that Unscheduled DNA Synthesis Test is also suitable to detect false positive result. Differences of active metabolites produced in in vivo and in vitro situations can be implied as one parameter for regulatory genotoxicity as genotoxicity is the broad term that refers to any deleterious change in genetic material. Contamination of the environment with different types of insecticides is one of the greatest concern of human health of these days. It has been estimated by mutagenic tests that some of the common insecticides are strongly genotoxic. Chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, gene mutations and death of cells are the common findings of investigations of genotoxicity. Alkylating compounds are always mutagenic and organophosphorous insecticides are the important compounds to be carcinogenic after alkylation.

19 ref

023406   Bahuguna A (Zoological Survey of India, , Northern Region Station, 218 Kaulagarh Road, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) : Conservation genetics: a management tool. Ann For 2007, 15(1), 159-200.

The deleterious effects of inbreeding have been documented in species both in wild and in captivity. A large proportion of inbreeding depression is caused by deleterious recessive alleles. Inbreeding is expected to affect many aspects of fitness. Main objectives for genetic management of conservation breeding programs are the maintenance of genetic variability and the avoidance of inbreeding. The risk of depression (lower viability or fertility) as a result of mating between two distantly related individuals need to be considered. The spread of single deleterious allele may affect the overall aim of conservation breeding programs. Allozyme studies and DNA assays have provided valuable information for conservation programs. Quantitative genetic estimation gives better outlook for endangered species management than single locus estimates. Reintroduction programmes (present and past) of different endangered species have been listed.

2 tables, 1 illus, 195 ref

023405   Aziz M A;Ali Reza A H M;Hasan M K;Tonchangya P K;Sarker A;Atiquzzaman K M;Dutta S;Makayching;Rahman K M Z (Zool Dep, Jahangimagar Univ, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh, Email: wildsamaa@yahoo.com) : Some notes on three species of bats of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2729-31.

^ssc1 table, 16 ref

023404   Arunachalam M;Murugan M (Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Envir Sci, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Alwarkurichi-627 412, Email: aruacm@gmail.com) : Discovery of sex chromosome in deccan mahseer Tor khudree from Tamil Nadu western ghats, India. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2723.

^ssc1 illus, 8 ref

023403   Arunachalam M;Murugan M (Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Envir Sci, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Alwarkurichi-627 412, Email: tvi_arunaces@sanchamet) : Cytogenetics and cytotaxonomic consideration of two endangered ornamental fishes Puntius arulius and P. tambraparniei (Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae) from Western Ghats, India. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(7), 2739-41.

Puntius arulius and Puntius tambraparniei are two closely related endangered or namental fishes of Western Ghat mountain ranges in peninsular India. Diploid chromosome of both the species is 2n=50 with NF values of 90 and 94 respectively. Results on the topotype specimens revealed them to be distinct genotypes.

1 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

023402   Arunachalam M;Muralidharan M (Sei Paramakalyani Centre for Envir Sci, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Alwarkurichi-627 412, Email: Arunacm@gmail.com) : Validity of the identifying character of a rare loach Nemacheilus monilis Hora. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2724-5.

^ssc16 ref

023401   Anoop K;Palot M J (Every Child A Scientist Programmme, M.S. Res Foundation, , CAbC, Kalpetta, Wyanad, Kerala, Email: anoop_mssrfb@yahoo.com) : New larval food plants of Precis (Junonia) almana L. and Leptosia nina Fabr. (Lepidoptera). Zoos Print J 2007, 22(7), 2767.

^ssc3 ref

023400   Anand V K;Jitendra P (Botany Dep, Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Species diversity and ecology of genus Oedogonium link occurring in aquatics of shivalik Himalayas of Jammu. J phytol Res 2006, 19(2), 245-50.

Shivalik Himalayas of Jammu represents the lower Himalayas and constitute the hills of moderate elevation, diped gentely to the south. Subtropical to Temperate climate of this region leads to the different type of vegetation of both the mountains and the plains, with an altitude of 300-1200 m above mean Sea level. Ten species of genus Oedogonium has been recorded from different water bodies of Jammu region. The amplitude of variations with respect to morphological characteristics of different species of Oedogonium was quite significant which has been discussed in present communication. Out of 10 species , 5 sps. nannandrous, 3 macrandrous homothallic and 2 macrandrous heterothallic. Maximum number of nannandrous sps. have been collected from higher altitudes. The pH of water bodies ranges from 7.2-9.5, Hardness ranges from 90 mg/l-440 mg/l, Dissolved oxygen ranges from 3.2 mg/l-8.41 mg/l, Free CO₂ was found to absent from all the water bodies except at one station. Studies revealed that lentic habitats particularly seasonal water bodies, supported maximum number of Oedogonium species than the lotic ones. The carbon dioxide, carbonates and bi- carbonate system operate in these water bodies. Composition of the associated algal flora along with Oedogonium species revealed that Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae constitutes the dominant components with respect to each Oedogonium species occurring in lentic/lotic waters of the region.Most of the pollution tolerant species i.e. Navicula, Scenedesmus ,Oscillatoria, are found associated with the Oedogonium species like O. undulatum; O. flavescence var. flavescence; O. pusillum var. pusillum and O. magnusii which concludes that these Oedogonium species are also pollution tolerant.

1 table, 11 illus, 14 ref

023399   Anand T;Prakasam V;Chandrasekaran A; Samiyappan R;Karthikeyan G;Saravanan A (Plant Pathology Dep, TNAU, Coimbatore) : Compatibility of azoxystrobin (amistar 25 SC) with biocontrol agents. Pestology 2007, 31(5), 21-24.

Experiment was conducted to study the compatibility of azoxystrobin at 5,10,15, 20 and 25 ppm with fungal bicontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride isolate 1 (ALR-1) and 2 (MNT-7), T. harzianum isolate 1 and 2 and at 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm with bacterial biocontrol agents viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis under in vitro conditions. All the isolates of fungal antagonists (T. viride and T harzianum) were compatible at lower concentrations of azoxystrobin but not compatible at higher concentration (above 30 ppm). However, the growth of P. fluorescens and B. subtilis was unaffected even at higher concentration (300 ppm).

6 tables, 8 ref

022412   Zubair S M;Singh R;Jyoti M K;Sharma K K (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, J & K-180 006) : Dosilia plumosa : a new record from Jammu, J & K. Aquacult 2006, 7(2), 237-44.

Sponges are the sessile, multi-cellular organisms that find their applications not only in reducing suspended solids  and bacterial content of drinking water (Harrison, 1975) but also in cleansing furniture, expunging writing and ablutionary purposes. According to Annandale (1909), these filter feeders are least known from the basin of Brahmaputra, Indus valley and other parts of Himalayas, Lakes of Kashmir and the center of Peninsula. But Malhotra and Dutta (1975) reported Eunapius carteri Carter from Jammu, which happens to be the only report of the occurrence of fresh water sponges from J&K. Thereafter no coherent attempt has so far been made from J&K to study this group. Owing to the paucity of information, a survey across Jammu was carried out from 2001-2002 and as a consequence Dosilia plumosa was recovered from Surinsar lake, which happens to be the new record from Jammu region of J. K. In the communication, besides a key to the known synonyms of the genus, taxonomic, morphological and anatomical features of Dosilia plumosa have been described in detail.

1 table, 3 illus, 26 ref

022411   Theng A D;Gajare K A;Deshmukh A A (Zoology Dep, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati-444 604, Email: ashish_cellbio@rediffmail com) : Effects of in vitro supplementation of ∝ tocopherol on structural and functional integrity of human spermatozoa. J Cell Tissue Res 2007, 7(2), 1161-5.

Spermatozoa possess week antioxidant defense system and are rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, are highly vulnerable to oxidative damage. The process of fertilization carries , several biochemical processes viz., capacitation, acrosome reaction, fusion of the sperm and oocyte plasma membrane which require healthy and intact membrane and functional mitochondria. In the present investigation effects of in vitro supplementation of ∝ tocopherol on sperm plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity index were studied along with motility and viability. Twenty-five human semen samples were treated with Ringer Tyrode solution containing 1mM ∝ tocopherol for one hour. The study showed a significant (p<60>0.001) increase in the percentage of motile and viable spermatozoa, spermatozoa having functionally active plasma membrane, acrosomal membrane and sperm mitochondrial activity index suggesting the protective role of ∝. tocopherol on human spermatozoa in vitro condition.

1 table, 3 illus, 47 ref

022410   Sngh L B;Meena Kumar;Pandey P N (Zoology Dep, Sindri College, Sindri (Dhanbad)) : Physico - chemical profile in a limited stretch of river Damodar at Sindri (Dhanbad). Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 53-61.

Human activities has profoundly affected rivers in all parts of the world, to such an extent that it is now extremely difficult to find any river which has not been in some way altered and probably quite impossible to find any such river. In context to the Indian Sub -continent an extensive repository of literature is available which deals with composition of natural or polluted waters. The present study in an attempt to measure certain physico -chemical parameters of river Damodar at Sindri.

2 tables, 1 illus, 6 ref

022409   Singh R;Sudhil Kumar;Chauhan a K S;Chandel B S (Zoology Dep, Narain (P G ) College, Shikohabad Uttar Pradesh) : Sublethal effect of organophosphorous insecticide nuvan on the biochemical constituents in the ovary of fresh water fish Channa punctatus (bloch). Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 17-28.

Investigations were carried out in the laboratory to find out the various changes in biochemical consituents including glycogen, total protein, total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity. In Nuvan treated group of 15th day, the glycogen, total protein and alkaline phosphatase decreased but total cholesterol increased significantly as compared to the ovaries of experimental control group. In the ovaries of Nuvan treated fishes on 30* day, the glycogen, total protein and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly (P<60>0.001) but total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and acid phosphatase increased significantly (P<60>0.001) in comparison to 15th day exposure to Nuvan. The glycogen, total proteins, alkaline phosphatase decrease significantly (P<60>0.005, P<60>0.01) where as total cholesterol (P<60>0.001), esterfied cholesterol (P<60>0.001) and acid phosphatase (P<60>0.002) significantly increased when a comparison was made with the values obtained for the experimental control group.

1 tables, 6 illus, 23 ref

022408   Singh M K;Mistry R;Khatoon R;Ara R;Jyotsna Kumari;Sinha A M R (Zoology Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh Gaya-824 234) : Effect of l - thyroxine and thioracil on thermal tolerance in a fresh water teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 93-6.

Attempt has been made to study the effect of L-thyroxine and thiouracil on thermal tolerance in an air breathing freshwater siluroid teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). LC₅₀ value of thermal tolerance of this fish (weighing 27.0±1.3 g) was recorded to be 39.5± 0.13 °C. The L-thyroxine and thiourea treated animals showed significant increase and decrease respectively in their thermal tolerance. The details of the mechanism has been discussed.

1 table, 8 ref

022407   Singh B K;Singh S C;Singh V K (Zoology Dep, College of Comerce, Patna) : Observations on the biology of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (coloeoptera, tenebrionidae) Infesting wheat flour. Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 49-52.

Study of the biology of T. castaneum was made on wheat flour at 30 ± 2°c and 70 ± 5% R H. An average of 300- 400 eggs were laid by female of T.castaneum. The maximum egg laying was observed on the first day of oviposition. Incubation period for the eggs was 4-10 days. The combined larval and pupal period averaged 30-35 days. Both the sexes occured in almost equal numbers. The eggs laid on first showing the largest mortality while the eggs laid on the last day were usually non- viable.

1 illus, 9 ref

022406   Sharma P;Shashi Kiran (Zoology Dep, D A V (P G ) College, Dehradun -248 001) : Population fluctuations of with seasonal variations in the Kangra valley (Himachal Pradesh). Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 73-5.

Five soil samples (1 Kg each) infested with nematodes were collected from each selected plot area in each season in the Kangra valley (Himachal Pradesh). The soil sample of each plot was thoroughly mixed and processed. The extraction of nematodes from soil was done by the method of washing soil, decanting and sieving method. Direct counting of live nematodes was done. Significant higher population (s) were registered in winter, summer and autumns and in rainy season (Rani Sidhpur) respectively. Quite low population (s) were present in summer and autumns (Rani Sidhpur), in winter (Tanda) and in rany season (Bairghat). Nil Population (s) were recorded in summer (tanda, Bairghat) and in autumns (Bairghat).

1 table, 4 ref

022405   Sarkar U K;Negi R S;Deepak P K (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, , Lucknow-226 002, Email: nbfgr@sancharnet in) : Age structure of indian carp Labeo rohita (hamilton-buchanan) from different wild populations. Envir Ecol 2006, 24(4), 803-8.

Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan) was studied to obtain information on its age structure and other growth parameters in different wild populations. The growth rates in all the populations were decreased successively at higher age classes. Maximum average growth increments on the basis of mean of 1-3* age class indicated higher values for the riverine stocks than that beels. A maximum age class of 6 years was obtained from river Sutlej measuring a mean total length of 885 mm and back calculated length at 6* age ranged from 751 mm - 859.5 mm. The specific rate of linear growth (C l) and specific rate of weight increase (Cw) of all the population exhibited sharp decreasing trend in 2* age class. The value of other growth parameter (CU) showed an abrupt decrease in age classes 2-3 followed by a gradual decrease in the other year classes. Analysis of variance of the back calculated length data (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) of five population showed no significant variations in length attainment between the locations. The findings emerged on age and growth studies would be useful in germplasm conservation and genetic selection program of Label rohita.

4 tables, 1 illus, 13 ref

022404   Rajya Lakshmi I;Sreeramulu K (Zoology Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Hysterothylacium ganeshi n sp (nematoda: anisakidae) from the intestine of shark, Sphyrna blochii (Cuvier). Geobios 2007, 34(1), 29-32.

Deals with the description of a new species of nematode of the family Anisakidae Railliet et Henry, 1912 from the stomach of elasmobranch fish, Sphyrna blochii (Cuvier) from Bheemunipatnam. A new species Hysterothylacium ganeshi is characterised by body measurements, position and size of spicules, number and arrangement of caudal papillae, type of striations on the cuticle and shape of tail.

1 illus, 24 ref

022403   Prasad S;Singh H (NO, Central Institure of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, PAU, Campus Ludhiana-141 004) : Temperature effect of the larval growth and survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De - Man) in Punjab. Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 11-15.

Macrobrachium rosenbergii, commonly known as giant fresh water prawn or scampi is the most suitable species. This paper reports the effect of temperature on the M. rosenbergii during larval rearing. The result of these experiments indicated that-(A) under the open room exposed to natural environmental condition the temperature ranges between 28-22° C. The larval stage I-V grows well and took 10 days. But after VI -X stages larvae in stress condition at temperature 25° C, the larvae did not metamorphosed into post larvae (PL) and all died. (B) The second within, controlled condition gave better result. The first PL appeared on 27 days of rearing period.

2 tables, 9 ref

022402   Pradip Kumar;Gupta Y C;Tiwari V (Zoology Dep, S A College, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh) : Acute toxicity of copper on the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala. Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 35-9.

Acute toxicity of copper on the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala was studied using static bioassay method. Median lethal concentration for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr were 99.59, 89.39, 66.74, 52.63, 44.26, 33.61 and 28.21 ppm respectively. The sign of toxicity on the behaviour of the fish Cirrhinus mrigala was studied for 96 hours. Loss of equilibrium, hyper and hypo activity, changes in Opercular movement, changes in orientation and locomotion, mucus coating on the body and erratic swimming were observed.

1 table, 8 ref

022401   Poonam Kumari;Srivastava R;Mahendra Kumar; Tiwari H N (Zoology Dep, Ranchi College, Ranchi) : Genetic survey on frequency of tongue rolling and tongue folding among the kayastha girls of Ranchi. Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 69-72.

Study depicts the distribution of tongue rolling and tongue folding trait across the seven subcasts of Kayastha girls namely Srivastava, Ambastha, Karan, Akhauri, Asthana, Bhatnagar and Saxena of Ranchi city and attempts to find out the level of heterogenecity among them. The sample of study includes 619 randomly selected unrelated Kayastha girls.

2 tables, 6 ref

022400   Poddar A K;Roy S P (Economics Lecturer Dep, A N College, Dumka (S K M Univ, Jharkhand)) : Possibilities of amelioration of socio - economic conditions of tribals of Santhal Pargana (Jharkhand). Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 77-84.

Deals with the survey and inventories of local resources sustaining the socio -economic conditions of tribals of the Santhal Pargana (Jharkhand). Extensive surveys, interviews and observation have been made on the resources available in the region. Forest, animal, agriculture and mineral resources and their present status has been studied. The factors of depletion of these resources has been investigated. It has been observed that the resources helpful for the improvement of socio-economic conditions of tribals of the region are minor forest products, animals and their products such as fisheries, silk, poultry and piggery. The conservation, management and sustainable use of these resources will be helpful for the amelioration of socio-economic conditions of tribals of Santhal Pargana and will also add in maintaining the balance of the local ecosystem.

1 illus, 7 ref

022399   Pandy B N;Abhiranjan Kumar;Arun Kumar;Rana A; Singh R K (Zoology Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh - Gaya-824 234) : Influence of some hormones on food consumption, food efficiency, growth and bioenergetics in freshwater snake - headed murrel fish, Channa gachua (ham ). Proc Zool Soc India 2006, 5(2), 29-34.

Studies on the effect of L-thyroxine (T₄), triiodo-L-thyronine (T₃) and 17α-methyltestosterone were made on food cosumption (g/fish/day), food efficiency (%), growth (daily individual growth increment), protein content and energy budget in an air -breathing freshwater snake-headed murrel teleostean fish, Channa gachua (Ham.) at water temperature 29.5 ±1°C with a view to assess whether or not these homones act as an appetite stimulant or anabolic steriod or both ? After the treatment of these hormones (at specific does) food consumption, food efficiency, protein content and daily individual growth increment increased as compared to control (sham treated). The best performance was , obtained after the treatment of 17 α-methyltestosterone followed by GH, T₃ and L -thyroxine. These hormones were recognized both as appetite stimulant and an anabolic steroid which improves food consumption, stimulates tissue growth and, as a whole, bioenergetics of growth in this fish.

1 table, 16 ref

022398   Magare S R (Zoology Dep, C.H.C. Arts, S.G.P. Comm. & B.B.J.P.Sci. College, , Taloda, Dist. Nandurbar) : Biodiversity of butterflies from Satpuda mountains of Nandurbar district, India. Bioinfolet 2007, 4(2), 164-5.

Biodiversity spectrum of butterflies has been studied from the rural areas of Taloda Taluka near the foot of Satpuda moutain ranges, during the period of June to January 2004-2005. The family Nymphalidae and Pieridae include nine species earch while theclinae shows two and Papilionoidea included three species. Among these three species were very common, five rare, twelve common and five occasionally found in rural area.

1 table, 2 ref