008196   Tiple A D (Zoology Dep, Entomology Div, RTM Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Email: ashishdtiple@yahoo.co.in) : Butterflies of Vidarbha region, Maharashtra state, Central India. J Threatened Taxa 2011, 3(1), 1469-77.

008195   Singh O L;Prasad B (Life Science Dep, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795 003) : Histomorphology of the alimentary tract of fully grown larvae, Odoiporus longicollis (Oliv.) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 399-406.

The banana pseudostem borer Odoiporus longicollis (Oliv.) is the most serious pest of banana plantation in Manipur. The present study on the histomorphology of alimentary tract of fully grown larvae is important scientific aspects as the stage has done the maximum damages. The digestive tract is tubular and coiled structure having 38-45 mm in length measuring almost double the length of the body (measuring 19-23 mm long). The tract is divisible into Stomodaeum or Foregut (4-5 mm long), Mesenteron or Midgut (18-25 mm long) and Proctodaeum or Hindgut (15-16 mm long). These parts are well demarcated by the presence of distinct grooves. Stomodaeum has pharynx, oesophagus, crop and stomodaeum valve having the histological layers like lumen, inner intimal layer, outer intimal, epithelium, basement membrane, musculatures; Mesenteron possess anterior voluminous, middle tubular and posterior with regenerative crypts with histological layers of lumen, peritrophic membrane, epithelium, basement membrane and the last proctodaeum hils pylorus, ilium, colon and rectum with histological layers namely lumen, intima, epithelium, basement membrane and muscularis respectively.

14 illus, 32 ref

008194   Singh N;Chauhan D K;Khare A K;Malhotra N M (Zoology Dep, Meerut College, Meerut-250 001) : Diversity of fish nematode - Spironoura lalii n. sp. from Delhi region. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 341-4.

The present species identified as Spirotloura lalii n.sp. obtained from the intestin of the fish. Nematodes constitute one of the most important group of animals. Some of them were free living in soil, water and other parasites were of plants and animals. The nematodes parasitizing the animals including man cause a number of disease which may sometime results in the death of their hosts. In the present studies, Spirotloura leptocephala the spicule was much larger 1.00 but in the Spirotloura lalii n.sp. small and large spicules were 0.33 and 0.39 respectively. But in case S. leptocephala caudal papillae were ten pairs while in the S. lalii n.sp. there were only eight pairs.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

008193   Singh K (Zoology Dep, Jagatpur P.G. College, Jagatpur, Varanasi-221 001) : Allopodocotyle coniusl sp. nov. (Digenea : opecoelidae, plagioporinae) from marine fish plotsus conius (Cuv. vol) from Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 329-30.

Allopodocotyle coniusi Sp. Nov. has been described from the intestine of a marine fish, Plotosus conius Cuv. Vol from Arabian Sea at Kanyakumari.

2 illus, 5 ref

008192   Singh J P;Tewari M K (Zoology Dep, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad-224 123, Email: singhjp64@gmail.com ) : Effects of sugar mill effluents on the mortality and bioassay on the breeding cycle of Wallago attu (SCH.) inhabiting in the river Bansi at seorahi (Sushinagar, U.P.). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 347-9.

The acute toxicity experiments designed during the various phases of breeding cycle of the test fish Wallago attu (Sch.) showed well marked seasonal variations in the toxicity due to sugar mill effluents of UPSCS. The pattern of mortality for LC₅₀ was some what different in the post-spawning phase in the fish population. The toxicity and bioassay tests were conducted for establishing the acute toxicity of sugar mill effluents of UPSCS to fishes under standard static condition.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

008191   Siddiquie A A;Bhat M M;Bhat T A;Shah I H;Shah Y (Post Graduate Zoology Dep, Poona College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Camp. Pune-411 001) : Effect of copper sulphate on carbohydrate in some vital organs of fresh water cat fish Clarias batrachus (Linn). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 429-32.

Copper is used in many industries such as paint, steel, ceramic and fertilizer industries. It can mix with water because of industrial waste and in air by wind action. Toxicity of copper effects on some metabolic processes, causes disturbances and imbalances to various physiological activities such as respiration, reproduction, bone formation and metabolism of some nutrients. Copper sulphate is frequently used as a general biocide in the aquaculture induitries. The present study reflects the effect of copper sulphate on the carbohydrate in some vital organs of Clarias batrachus. The acclimated fish of equal size were treated with different concentrations of copper sulphate (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0, and 2.5 ppm) respectively. The mortality rate was noted up to 96 hours. After finding LC₅₀ the 'fishes were treated with a sub lethal concentration of copper sulphate (1.5 ppm) for 24,48,72 and 96 hours respectively. The total carbohydrate estimation was done in stress of sub lethal concentration (1.5 ppm) of copper sulphate and compared with the control group of fishes. The results showed a significant decline in the total carbohydrate in various organs of Clarias batrachus at sub lethal concentration of copper sulphate viz., brain (84.0%) <60> gonad (82.7%) <60> kidney (73.6%) <60> muscle (66.6%) <60> liver (62.3%). While increased in the carbohydrate in various organs of controlled fish viz., liver (0.69mg/100mg) <62> muscle (0.60mg/100m) <60> brain (0.33mg/100mg) <62> kidney (0.29mg/100mg) <62> gonad (0.19mg/100 mg). The carbohydrate reduction in the present study is reflection of breakdown of carbohydrate in stress.

1 table, 20 ref

008190   Sheeba S;Ramanujan N (Zoology Dep, Sree Nrayana College, Nattika, Thrissur-680 566) : Macroinvertebrate fauna of Ithikkara river, Kerala, India. J Ind Pollut Control 2009, 25(2), 161-4.

Macroinvertebrate fauna was collected from Ithikkara river during the period from December 1995 to November 1996. A total of 28 species belonging to three phyla and six classes were seen. The most abundant group was Arthropoda followd by Mollusca. Crustaceans were predominant among the Arthropods. Insects was abundant in upstream region and Crustaceans and Molluscans were dominant in downstream region. Sand mining is a regular affair of Ithikkara river. Indiscriminate sand mining in Ithikkara river severely reduced the macroinvertebrate fauna which in turn adversely affected the riverine ecosystem.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

008189   Sharma V;Singh I;Tripathi P N (Zoology Dep, Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical and Social, Sultanpur-208 118, Email: pntripathiphd@yahoo.co.in) : Number, type and distribution of PF-positive neurosecretory cells in mature larva of Samia cynthia Ricini. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 439-41.

The present communication deals with the neurosecretory cells (NSCs) in the brain of Samia cynthia ricini. These cells are in the PI region in the brain. Number of cells varies during the post embryonic development. Neurosecretory materials are observed in different amount in these cells.

1 table, 25 ref

008188   Shandilya M V;Patel S I (Zoology Dep, Arts Science and Commerce College, Ozar Mig, Nashik-722 206) : Pollution stress induced histopathological alterations in some target organs of fresh water bivalves Parreysia favidens. Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 148-9.

Pollution stress of the distillery effluent to the freswh water bivalves Parreysia favidens was studied. The experimental group of animals was treated with the distillery effluent LC₅₀ concentration for 96 hours. The animals survived at the end of acute treatment were dissected for gills and hepatopancreas. Both the tissues were fixed in Bouin's fixative, processed, sectioned and stained by heamatoxylene-Eosin for histopathological studies. The distillery effluent was found to alter the normal histological structure of the gills and the hepatopancreas of the treated bivalves with respect to colour, normal architecture and cellular structure.

11 ref

008187   Semwal N;Akolkar P (Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forest, , East Arjun Nagar, Shahadera, Delhi-110 032, Email: pratimacpcb@yahoo.co.in) : Ion specific macro-invertebrates of Himalayan river Bhagirathi (Ganga) in relation to its source contribution. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 419-24.

Major ions of glacial melt stream and sulphur spring, located on Bhagirathi Valley, were studied to observe the influence of these sources on ionic abundance and their specificity towards biological establishment in high altitude glacial fed Himalayan River Bhagirathi. These results were also compared with ionic abundance of comparatively low altitude spring fed Himalayan River Kosi. Contribution of glacial melt stream and sulphur spring was significant for increase in cation and decrease in anion levels in River Bhagiathi at damming areas compared to its origin at Gangotri. Ionic levels in spring fed river consistently increased towards downstream. Dominance pattern of average ionic concentration was similar in glacial fed as well as spring fed river such as; Ca<62>Mg<62>Na<62>K<62>NH₄ (Cations) and HCO₃<62> SO₄ <62>CI <62> NO₃ (Anions). Sequential comparison ofionic concentration in glacial melt stream was found to be as; Mg<62> Ca <62> Na <62> K<62> NH₄ (Cations) and CI <62> HCO₃ <62> SO₄ <62> NO₃ (Anions). On the other hand sulphur spring water was characterized by elevated levels of ions having altogether a different composition of cations i.e. Na <62>Mg<62> K <62>Ca <62> NH₄, however, anion concentration followed the same pattern as for glacial melt stream. Studies have also revealed that Benthic macro invertebrate community of River Bhagirathi is strongly influenced by the ionic environment at sediment - water interface. Rithrogena, Ironopsis, Heptagenia, Ameletus, Eucapnopsis, Indonemura, Simulium and genus of Coridalidae preferred total anion, cation levels of 1.015521361 meq/l and 1.160670983 meq/l at Gangotri. Benthic fauna could hardly establish in extreme ionic levels of glacial 'melt stream (anion: 0.676525822 meq/l, cation: 1.528675145 meq/l) and sulphur spring water (anion: 24.28668989 meq/l, cation: 12.71033968 meq/l). Trends of ionic levels in River Kosi supported high diversity of benthic fauna as compared to River Bhagirathi.

3 tables, 12 ref

008186   Sattar Shah M A;Singh T K;Radkarishore R K (Zoology Dep, Lilong Haoreibi College, Lilong-795 130, Email: tksingh06@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative biology of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera - aphididae) on okra and brinjal. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 373-5.

The laboratory study on the comparative biology of Aphis gossypii on okra and brinjal revealed that the mean duration of first second, third and fourth instars were 1.14±0.12, 1.17±0.19, 1.16±0.14 and 1.54±0.21 days respectively on okra and 1.17±0.15, 1.37±0.15, 1.12±0.16and 1.19±0.16 days respectively on brinjal. The total nymphal period was more on okra (5.38±0.34 days) than on brinjal (5.09±0.30 days). The pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods were 0.72±0.17, 9.66±0.80 and 1.40±0.06 days respectively on okra and 0.85 and 0.11, 7.63±0.87 and 1.03±0.07 days respectively on brinjal. The adults lived for longer period on Qkra (11.08±0.85 days) than on brinjal (9.15±0.89 days). The total lifespan for the pest was 16.71±0.74 and 14.45±0.90 days on okra and brinjal respectively. The number of young ones per generation and birth rate was higher on brinjal than on okra.

1 table, 7 ref

008185   Sathe T V;Jagtap M (Zoology Dep, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: drtvsathe@rediffmail.com) : Tree hole breeding and resting of mosquitoes in western ghats, Maharashtra. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 365-7.

Mosquito cause dreaded diseases such as malaria, filaria, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, Chikungunya etc. to human being. The mosquito control is chronic problem in epidemiology of vector borne diseases. Therefore, any advance knowledge of breeding and resting places of mosquitoes has practical potential in co-relating the epidemiology. From Western Ghats of Maharashtra, Sawantwadi, Amboli, Kankavali, Vaibhavwadi, Phondaand Radhanagari were selected for survey studies of mosquitoes. In all, 106 tree holes from Teak -.Tectona grandis, Saal- Shorea spp., Mango- Magnifera indica, Peepal- Ficus religiosa, Banyan- Ficus benghaknsis and Tamarind -flunarindus indica have been searched from Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Out of which 32 were found positive. A total of 9 species viz. An. barbirostris, An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, An. jeyporiensis, An. nigerrimus, C. tritaeniorhynchus, C. vishnui,A. aegypti,A. (Diceromyia) ramchandriwere reported as tree breeder. The work was carried out for the first time from Western Ghats of Maharashtra.

1 table, 13 ref

008184   Sabhat A;Farooq M;Sofi A M;Malik M A (Sericulture Div, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Mirgund, Post Box-674, GPO, Srinagar-190 001) : Heritability, genetic advance ad correlation analysis of some reproductive traits in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 307-10.

Heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients were studied for eight reproductive traits in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Low to moderate estimates of heritability (broad sense) and low estimates of genetic advance were recorded in these traits. The phenotypic correlation coefficients were lesser in magnitude than the corresponding genotypic correlation coefficients, indicating a strong genetic association and little environment~1 impact. Characters with moderate heritability and low genetic advance like larval weight, pupation rate, pupal weight, moth emergence and number of eggs per gram reveal operation of predominant non-additive gene action and hence are expected to respond better to hybridization and recurrent selection. Since there was a positive and significant genetic association between reproductive traits, selection can be performed simultaneously on more than one character.

4 tables, 19ref

008183   Roy B;Swargiary A (Zoology Dep, North-Eastern Hill Univ, Shillong-793 022, Email: bishnuroy12@rediffmail.com) : Anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic shoot extract of Alpinia nigra on tegumental enzymes of Fasciolopsis buski, a giant intestinal parasite. J parasitic Dis 2009, 33(1-2), 48-53.

Ethanolic shoot extract of Alpinia nigra, a traditionally used anthelmintic medicinal plant among the Tripuri tribes of north-east India, was tested in vitro to determine its anthelmintic efficacy in gastrointestinal trematode Fasciolopsis buski, using alterations in the activity of vital tegumental enzymes viz. acid phosphatase (AcPase), alkaline phosphatase (AlkPase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Live adult F. buski treated in vitro with different concentrations of the plant extract showed significant decline in the visible stain histochemically and enzyme activities. Quantitatively, the total enzyme activity of AcPase, AlkPase and ATPase was found to be reduced by 45, 41 and 43%, respectively compared to the control. The reference drag, praziquantel also showed more or less similar effect like that of the plant extract. The results suggest that the tegumental enzymes of the parasite may be an important target of action for active component(s) of A. nigra, which appears to act transtegumentally.

3 illus, 2 table, 35 ref

008182   Pokhriyal B P (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun-240 001) : Investigation on natural parasitic inestation in anopheline mosquito immature in peri-urban areas of Doon valley. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 313-16.

The present study reveals natural parasitic infestation in immature anophelines at five selected localities viz., Harrawaia (L₁), Doiwala (L₂), Dudhlee (L₃), Jollygrant (L₄) and Sahaspur (L₅) in Doon Valley. In almost all the localities, the anopheline larvae have been found infested by soil nematodes, protozoans and other pathogens. Further, at L₃ locality the infection was recorded higher level than other localities. At L₃ and L₄ localities, the metacercarial cysts were also recorded only in few specimens of mosquito larvae. In general, the infection among the mosquito larvae, increases just after winter season and alter habitat to habitat and month to month.

1 table, 17 ref

008181   Pawar B A;Nirmal K B;Sayyad N R (Zoology Dep, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar, Tal. Rahata, Ahmednagar-413 713) : Toxicity and impact of endosulfan on protein content of freshwater fish Chanda nama (Hamilton). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 267-72.

The toxicity of endosulfan to the freshwater fish Chanda nama was studied using static renewal bioassay test. The LC₅₀ value was found to be 0.0000004955 ppm. Behavioural changes when exposed to lethal concentration of endosulfan showed rapid and erratic swimming with random movements, imbalance in posture, increase in surfacing activity and opercular movements, gradual loss in equilibrium and spreading of excess mucous all over the body surface. The fish eventually died with their mouth and operculum wide opened. Coagulation of mucous on gill lamellae occurred. To evaluate impact of endosulfan on protein content, the fishes were exposed to sublethal concentration (0.00000004955 ppm) of endosulfan for 96 hr. Total protein have been measured in different tissues of fish viz. muscle, liver, gill and brain. The protein levels were found to be depleted in all the tissues after pesticide exposer to sublethal concentration over the control. Maximum decrease in protein content was observed in muscle followed by liver, gill and brain.

3 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

008180   Pawar B A;Jaralli J M;Shendge A N (Zoology Dep, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar, Tal. Rahata, Ahmednagar-413 713) : Toxicity and impact of deltamethrin on glycogen level of freshwater fish Puntius chrysopterus (MC clelland). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 319-23.

Toxicity of deltametbrin to the freshwater fish, Puntius chrysopterus was studied using static renewal bioassay test in March 2009. The LC₅₀ value was found to be 0.01420 ppm. Behavioural changes when exposed to lethal concentration of deltamethrin showed rapid and erratic swimming with random movements, toxic seizures, imbalance in posture, increase in surfacing activity and opercular movements and gradual loss in equilibrium. Appearance of mucous covering over the gills and the colour of the gill lamellae were changed from red to brown. The fishes appeared to be swimming independent of one another and eventually died. To evaluate impact of deltamethrin on glycogen level, the fishes were exposed to sublethal concentration (0.00142 ppm) of deltamethrin for 96 hr. Glycogen have been measured in different tissues offish viz.muscle, liver, gill, kidney, brain, ovary and testis. The glycogen levels were found to be depleted in all the tissues after pesticide exposure to sublethal concentration over the control. Maximum decrease in glycogen content was observed in kidney followed by brain, gill, muscle, liver, testis and ovary.

3 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

008179   Pande S;Pandit P;Ponkshe A;Mone Ram;Pawar S; Mishra A (NO, , Ela Foundation, C-9, Bhosale Park, Sahakarnagar-2, Pune, Maharashtra-411 009, Email: pande.satish@gmail.com) : Behavioural and virological studies on a rescued oriental white-backed vulture Gyps bengalensis from western Maharashtra, India. J Threatened Taxa 2011, 3(1), 1490-2.

008178   Padhye S M;Ghate H V;Pai K (Zoology Dep, Pune Univ, Pune, Maharashtra-411 007, Email: sameer.m.padhye@gmail.com) : New locality record and additional information on the habitat of Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cyclestherida) in India. J Threatened Taxa 2011, 3(1), 1445-8.

The paper reports the presence of the branchiopod Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird) in one permanent and one temporary fresh water pond near Pune City, Maharashtra.

008177   Muthukumar G;Anbalagan R;Krishnan K R (P G Research and Zoology Dep, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Musiri-621 201, Email: nachi_muthug@rediffmail.com) : Adaptive changes in respiratory movements of an air breathing fish Tilapia mossambicus exposed to endosulfan. J Ind Pollut Control 2009, 25(1), 67-72.

The acute toxicity of Endosulfan as the freshwater fish Tilapia mossambicus has been studied here, The sublethal (LC₀) Median (LC₅₀) and Lethal (LC₁₀₀) concentration of Endosulf an for 120hrs were assessed as 190, 240 and 260 ppm respectively. From the 120 hrs LC₅₀ value, the 1/3rd and 1/6th sublethal concentration were calculated as 80ppm and 40ppm respectively, to which the fishes were exposed. The pattern of changes in the respiratory movements of Endosulfan exposed Tilapia mossambicus were taken to suggest that the fish showed adaptive increase in its frequency of surfacing with a tremendous drop in its opercular movements during first hour of exposure to higher concentration of Endosulfan. The reduced opercular movement is also considered adaptive for the fish to prevent itself.

3 tables, 28 ref

008176   Mishra T P;Singh J P (Zoology Dep, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad-224 123, Email: mishratp79@rediffmail.com) : Effect of sewage and distillery effluent on the reproductive organs of Mystus vittatus (Bloch). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 327-8.

The toxic experiments designed during the various spawning phases of the test fish showed well marked seasonal variations and susceptibility of the fish to sewage and distillery toxicity. The fish M. vittatus exposed to sewagee and distillery effluents stress, were observed to be most sensitive during the spawning phases of the reproductive cycle. Increasing fish production need to have a proper understanding and knowledge of fish reproduction and seasonal developmental changes in the reproductive organs.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

008175   Menkudale D V;Jawale C A;Ugale B J;Patil D P (Zoology Dep, Adarsh College, Omrega Dist. Osmanabad (MS) India-413 606) : Cestoda: a new cestode Circumoncobothrium laxmiae (n.sp. pseudophylidea carus) from Mastacemebellus armatus, (MS) India. Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 88-90.

Deals with the study of new: species of genus Circumoncobothrium laxmiae n.sp. were collected from M. armatus. It differs from all known species of the genus in many characters as in shape, of scolex, shape and size, of bothria, size, number and position of testes and ovary, size, shape and position of ootype and vitelline gland.

1 illus, 14 ref

008174   Manosathiyadevan M;Selvisabhanayakam; Mathivanan V (Zoology Dep, Annamalai University, Annamalaingar-608 002, Email: manosathiyadevan@yahoo.co.in) : Histopathological observations on the hepatopancreas of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (milneedwards) exposed to Paravanar river pollutants. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 433-8.

The histological alterations induced by Paravanar river pollutants in freshwater prawn M. malcolmsonii have been studied. The Paravanar river contains effluents from different sources, like SIPCOT industrial complex, agricultural wastes, municipal and domestic sewages which affect the aquatic system by depleting and enhancing different physicochemical parameters thereby affecting the inhabitants M. malcolmsonii a freshwater prawn. The Paravanar river pollutants was found to result in several alterations in the histoarchitecture of hepatopancreas. In the present study, the freshwater prawn collected from three stations viz., station-I (unpolluted); station-II (less polluted) and Station - III (more polluted) regions showed some remarkable changes in the histological architecture of the hepatopancreas. It has been revealed that the hepatopancreas of prawn collected' from Station - III was much more affected than that of Stations - I and II, this may be probably attributed by receiving of effluents sources like industrial, domestic and municipal wastes from the old and new town of Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu. The results are discussed in detail.

7 illus, 36 ref

008173   Lekshmi S;Prasad G;Rita Kumari S D (Zoology Dep, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 581, Email: probios1@gmail.com) : Bionomics of a lesser known goby, Stenogobius gymnopomus (Bleeker, 1853) (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Southern Kerala, India. J Threatened Taxa 2010, 2(13), 1359-64.

The biology of a lesser known goby, Stenogobius gymnopomus was studied from the freshwater systems of southern Kerala. Dietary analysis showed that S. gymnopomus is a euryphagous feeder and an omnivore. Cladocerans, together with fish eggs and scales, constituted the major food items. The minimum size at first maturity for male S. gymnopomus is 78mm and for females 72mm. This species was found to be a batch spawner with a prolonged spawning season extending from August to December. Fecundity ranged from 46,323 to 61,291 eggs. Sex ratios revealed that local populations of S. gymnopomus are male dominated.

008172   Lalthanzara H;Ramanujam S N (Zoology Dep, Pachbunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796 001, Email: hzara.puc@gmail.com) : Effect of fertilizer (NPK) on earthworm population in the agroforestry system of Mizoram, India. Sci Vision 2010, 10(4), 159-67.

The effect of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) on earthworm population was studied for two years (2002-2004) under different plantations at Sakawrtuichhun (SKT) and Pachhunga University College (PUC) agroforestry sites in Mizoram. north-eastern state of India. Five species of earthwonns. viz. Drawida sp., Metaphire houlctti (Perrier). Perionyx excavatus (Perrier), Perionyx macintoshi (Stephenson) and Eutyphoeus mizoramensis under three families were identified in the study sites. Detailed study was carried out under different soil strata and on different age group of earthwonns in plantations like maize+Leucena leucocephala (ML) and pine apple+citrus+Leucena leucocephala (PCL). Doses of inorganic fertilizer treatment were given as per state agriculture department recommendation. Earthworms were collected from five random sampling sites at monthly intervals by hand sorting method in each replicate. The most versatile species was found to be Drawida species. An epigeic species. P. excavatus showed significant population variation between NPK treatment and control in both study sites. The one-way ANOVA showed positive impacts of NPK fertilizer treatment on earthworm population. Four species of earthworms excluding the anecic E. mizoramensis showed a significant variation between the two treatments in PCL plantations of PUC. The uppermost stratum (0-10 cm) seemed to be the most affected by fertilizer treatment among the three strata. The Juvenile and immature worms were found to be most influenced by NPK application. The impact of NPK application on earthworm population was greater in PCL plantation compared to ML plantation.

2 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

008171   Lalthanzara H (Zoology Dep, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796 001) : Recent status of threatened birds of Mizoram. Sci Vision 2010, 10(4), 168-9.

According to the latest list of threatened birds of India based on BirdLife International(UK) list of 2010, India is known to have 14 species of critically endangered birds, 17 endangered speªcies, 56 vulnerable species, 3 species of data deficient and 66 near threatened species. A thorªough study from the existing literatures reveals that Mizoram is having 18 species of birds (11.53% of India threatened birds) as given in the table.

1 table, 11 ref

008170   Lalramliana;Vanlalhriata R (Zoology Dep, Pachhbunga University College, Aizawl-796 001, Email: lrl_zoo@yahoo.co.in ) : First record of sisorid catfish Glyptothorax indicus Talwar. 1991 (Teleostei: sisoridae) from Mizoram, India. Sci Vision 2010, 10(4), 137-42.

Glyptothorax indicus, a sisorid catfish, is reported from Mizoram, India, giving a brief description and morphometric characters. Additional characters other than reported in the original description, such as irregular black spot on the posterior region particularly on the caudal peduncle region, and also on the caudal fin are reported. This study provides additional information on the distribution of this species in India, and is first report from Mizoram.

3 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

008169   Lalchhandama K (Zoology Dep, Pachhunga University College, Nizoram University, Aizaw176 001, Email: chhandma@gmail.com) : Anthelmintic resistance: the song remains the same. Sci Vision 2010, 10(4), 111-22.

The prevalence of resistance to broad-spectrum anthelmintics among veterinary helminths has dramatically increased and has evolved from a scientific curiosity into a serious crisis facing small ruminant production in many countries. It also poses a veritable threat to other livestock and human helmiths. Both the molecular mechanisms of action and mechanisms of resistance of anthelmintics are poorly understood. Benzimidazoles bind to nematode β-tubulin, preventing microtubule aggregation and leading to paralysis and death. Levamisole acts through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the parasite muscle, causing membrane depolarization and contraction resulting in paralysis. Macrocyclic lactones modulate L-glutamate-gated chloride channels present on the pharynx and somatic muscle membrane of the parasites, thereby paralyzing them. Modes of action of schistosomicides and fasciolicides remain incompletely defined. A number of helminths have developed multiple resistance making their control difficult or almost impossible. As chemotherapy remains the mainstay of helminth control, ways of preserving the efficacy of the anthelmintics must be sought. Complete grasp of the molecular events and the underlying Darwinian selection in the parasites is the ultimate challenge if the persistent dilemma is ever to be alleviated, and that goal is yet an unforeseeable vista.

1 table, 70 ref

008168   Kurhe A R;Mane U H;Pawar B A (Zoology Dep, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar, Tal, Rahata, Ahmednagar-413 713, Email: anil.kurhe@gmail.com) : Marine gastropod molluscs from Ratnagiri coast Maharashtra, India. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 409-14.

Abundance of gastropod molluscs from Ratnagiri coast of Maharashtra state, India, has been studied according to their habitat duripg the year 2003-2004 in post monsoon and early summer. Study revealed that, the 75 species of gastropod molluscs were identify over 22 families. Most of the different observed gastropod species were found on the rocky shore was greater than the sandy and muddy shore, while in the back water and estuary showed highest diversity than the open coast. The value of Shannon- Weiner index in gastropod molluscs showed the highest species diversity in different localities and zonations of the Ratnagiri coast. According to the stud the minimum numbered gastropod molluscs species should be conserve in order to maintain the ecological balance of coast.

3 tables, 20 ref

008167   Kaushik R;Saini P (Zoology Dep, University of Rahastgab, Jaipur-302 004, Email: dr_poonamsaini@yahoo.co.in) : Growth inhibiting effects of Annona squamosa leaf extract on vector mosquitoes. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 395-8.

Sublethal concentrations of petroleum ether leaf extract of Annona squamosa were tested for their insecticidal and growth regulating activity against three mosquito species, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti It is observed that the extract when applied at 25,10 and 5 ppm completely disrupts the growth and development of mosquitoes which ultimately leads to death during larval and pupal stages. The extract causes larval and pupal mortality, suppressed pupation and adult emergence. The larval and pupal periods were abnormally prolonged (maximum 29.64 days in Aedes aegypi). At higher doses complete developmental arrest of 4^th instar larvae in all the three mosquito species was observed. The larvae failed to pupate and finally died in 4^th instar after a prolonged larval period. 100% inhibition of adult emergence occurred at 25 ppm in Anopheles stephensi. The effect of extract was observed to be dose-dependent and earlier instars were found to be more susceptible than later ones. The results of the present investigation suggest that Annona squamosa leaf extract combines the toxic, growth regulating and juvenoid action and cold. be used in mosquito population management in addition to other control measures.

1 table, 18 ref

008166   Joshi K D;Biswas B K;Shyam Lal;Vass K K (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore) : Piscine diversity in the river Betwa. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(1), 61-4.

^ssc1 table, 11 ref

008165   Johri P K;Gupta S;Johri R (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: kumar_pee@yahoo.com) : Effect of photoperiod on progeny production of Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. on most preferred food lentil (Lens culinaris medic.). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 369-71.

Studies have been made to observe the effect of photo periods on progeny production on oviposition, development, damage caused and sex ratio of F₁ generation reared under various food periods on most preferred food lentil (Lens culinaris. Medic.) by the pulse beetle of Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The beetles exhibited maximum growth under 24 hr. exposure to light and under dark conditions and natural light was least favorable photoperiod for the growth of the beetles. Further an increase in duration of darkness prolonged the developmental period of the beetle. Therefore, the present findings conclude to keep the pulse stock in stores should be exposed to intermediate photoperiod (NL) to mitigate the damage caused by C chinensis.

1 table, 6 ref

008164   Johri P K;Gupta S;Johri R (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: kumar_pee@yahoo.com) : Repellent effect of selected botanical cinders against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Linn.) on most prefered food lentil, Lens culinaris Medic. seeds. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 357-9.

The repellent effect of eight botanical cinders viz., fresh leaves of Calotropis procera (R. Br.), dried seeds of Psoralea coryJolia (Linn.), Semecarpus anacardium (Linn. R), Caesalpinia crista (Linn.) and dried seeds with glandular hairs of Centratherum anthelminticum (Willd), dried bark and fresh fruits of Thevetia neriijolia (Juss), dried fruits of Ficus religiosa (Linn.) and shade-dried whole plant of Euphorbia nivulia (Buch. Ham.) were studied against C chinensis. The cinders at 0.990,1.960,2.912 and 3.846 per cent concentration were mixed with the 50 seeds of lentil, (Lens culinaris, Medic) and their respective repellency percentages were recorded after 12 hours of release of the test beetle into the olfactometer. Cinder of Thevetia neriijolia at 1.960 per cent concentration followed by the cinder of Centratherum anthelminticum at 2.912 per cent was found most effective. Cinder of Calotropis procera followed by Caesalpinia crista and Euphorbia nivulia, all three were at par at 3.846 per cent concentration, the next best in this regard. The lowest repellency was registered in the cinders of Psoralea corylolia, Semecarpus anacardium and Ficus religiosa. The cinder of Thevetia neriijolia and Centratherum anthelminticum showed 85.9542 and 84.2248 per cent repellency in their respective concentration ranges.

1 table, 6 ref

008163   Johri P K;Gupta S;Johri R (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. Colloge, Kanpur-208-001, Email: kumar_pee@yahoo.com) : Respiratory behaviour during development with special reference to the airtightness on Callosobrucus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 301-6.

Developing stages of Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) were kept in airtight conditions for 6, 8 and 10 days at two temperatures of 22±2°C and 28±2°C. Respiratory activity of the insect was assessed by respiratory apparatus and found low for early stage larvae of 8-10 days after oviposition. For mid stage larvae of 14-18 days after oviposition, the rate of respiratory activity was high. The values of oxygen and carbon dioxide were higher at 28±2°C than 22±2°C. Similarly average percentage mortality was also higher at 28±2°C. Total mortality was not observed at 28±2°C in any of the exposure period, but mean developmental period was found increased.

4 tables, 6 ref

008162   Johri P K;Gupta S;Johri R (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: kumar_pee@yahoo.com) : Effecacy of selected botanical cinders (Bhasma), as safer grain protectant in relation to different seasons against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 273-8.

The efficacy of eight plant products like cinders of fresh leaves of Calotropis procera (R. Br.), dried seeds of Psoralia coryfalia (Linn.), Semecarpus anacardium (Linn. F.), Caesalpinia crista (Linn.) and dried seeds with glandular hairs of Centratherum anthelminticum (Willd), dried bark and fresh fruits of Thevetia neriifolia (Juss), dried fruits of Ficus religiosa (Linn.) and shade-dried whole plant of Euphorbia nivulia (Buch. Ham.) were evaluated as grain protectant in lentil seeds against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. Based on various parameters like number of eggs deposited per 200 lentil seeds, number of adults developed, mean weight often live adult beetles (mg) and percentage of damage during summer, rainy and winter seasons, T. nerifolia followed by C. procera both at (0.326 and 0.34 mg), respectively, were found most effective while P. corylolia and S. anacardium at (0.98 and 0.806 mg) were least effective. C. anthelminticium (0.472 mg) followed by E. nivulia (0.704 mg) were the next best in this regard. Regarding weights of live beetles lowest adult mean weight (0.0407, 0.0471 and 0.0457 mg) respectively, were recorded during summer, rainy and winter seasons on the grains treated with P. corylolia at (0.98 mg), F. religiosa at (0.932 mg) stood second. The population developed from C. crista at (0.523 mg) and E. nivulia (0.704 mg) possessed maximum body weight in all the three seasons. The test compounds at different concentrations of eight cinders were effective in reducing the percentage grain damage as compared to control. However, adults emerged from lentil grains treated with P. corylalia and F. religiosa at (0.98 mg and 0.932 mg), respectively, recorded very less mean body weight in all the three seasons when compared to those developed from grains treated with other plant product cinders. This retardation in weight gain of the adult beetles may be due to the role of certain chemicals in reducing the food consumption which might have qualified as a quantitative enzymatic toxin. The need of the hour very obviously for more determined and pragmatic approach to pest management based on such principles. This study suggested that cinders of T. nerifolia and C. procera to be best pest effective safer to predators, economically viable and socially acceptable specially by the farmers of any region of India.

1 table, 7 ref

008161   Jain Gupta N (Zoology Dep, M.M.H. College, Ghaziabad-201 009, Email: drneelujgupta@hotmail.com) : Photoperiodic control of gonadal growth in the blackheaded munia, Lonchura malacca malacca. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 425-8.

Less is known about the role of photoperiod in regulating annual gonad development cycles in tropical and subtropical birds. In this study, it was decided to investigate the photoperiodic control of gonad development cycle in Indian resident species, blackheaded munia to understand the nature of photoperiodic strategy in subtropical species.

3 illus, 16 ref

008160   Jahanifard E;Navidpour S;Vazirianzadeh B (NO, Joundishapour Medical Science Univrsity, Ahvaz, Iran, Email: ejahanifard@yahoo.com) : Phlebotominae of two big marshlands of Khoozestan province, Iran. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 407-8.

Following a fauna study of culicinae (Diptera :Culicidae) in Hoveizeh and Shadegan Marshlands of Khoozestan province, south west Iran, some sand flies were captured from these regions by Insect collecting net between July and August 2006. Totally 367 specimens were collected and P. papatasi, P. alexandri, P. mongolensis were identified as sand flies in these area. P. papatasi, the main vector of cutaneous Leishmaniasis, has the most abundancy (88.28%) in these marshlands.

17 ref

008159   Hassan S;Gopinath G;Din M;Altaff K (Unit of Reproductie Biology and Live five Feed Culture, Zoology Dep, The New College, Chennai-600 014, Email: kaltaff@rediffmail.com) : Qualitative and quantitative analysis of zooplankton of some important freshwater bodies of Tamil Nadu and Kashmir. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 351-5.

Qualitative analysis of zooplankton populations of four freshwater bodies of Tamil Nadu and four freshwater bodies of Kashmir indicated occurrence of twelve species and six species respectively. The major groups of zooplankton of water bodies of Tamil Nadu and Kashmir are Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera and Ostracoda. Higher density of zooplankton population was recorded from freshwater bodies of Tamil Nadu compared to Kashmir. Mean value of zooplankton population recorded from Tamil Nadu and Kashmir is also presented.

2 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

008158   Harit D N (Zoology Dep, Government Champhai College, Champhai-796 321, Email: dnhari@yahoo.co.in) : Chelonians and lizards in Champhai district of Mizoram state, North east India. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 289-96.

Mizoram state is one of the North Eastern Hill states of India, lies between 21°58'-24°30'N and 92°16'-93°25'E, with an area of 2l,081 sq. km. having rich biodiversity. Reptilian fauna of the Champhai District of Mizoram state, North East India has been studied from May 2007 to April 2009 for the first time. Of the several reptiles studied and documented, this paper aims to report Chelonians and Lizards of the area, based on the present survey studies. Total of two species of chelonians and 14 species of lizards have been observed and documented. There s a single family of chelonians, Testudinidae which include Indotestudo elongata and Manouria emys. 'Lizards are represented by five families like Gekkonidae, which include four species Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus brooki, Hemidactylus flaviviridis and Cyrtodactylus khasiensis; family Scincidae include four species Mabuya carinata, Sphenomorphus indicus, Sphenomorphus maculatus and Lygosoma punctata; family Agamidae include four species Ptyctolaemus gularis, Calotes versicolor, Calotes jerdoni and Japalura spp.; family Anguidae include single species Ophisaurus gracilis; family Varanidae include single species Varan'!s bengalensis.

9 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

008157   Dhanwar S;Prakash B (Zoology Dep, Kishan Lal Public College, Rewari-123 401) : Effect of marble slurry on malpighian tubules of Periplaneta american. J Ind Pollut Control 2009, 25(1), 73-4.

Malpighian tubules are supposed to be excretory organs of the insect. It is typically long, slender and blind tube in the haemocoel. In the present study treatment of marble slurry powder was given to Periplaneta americana for different duration. The results show destruction of capsule wall of malpighion tubule and severe damage to peritoneal sheath. The nucleus of glandular epithelium is damaged and the effect is also observed on brush border of microvilli.

1 illus, 7 ref

008156   Das P;Dhar P;Chatterjee T K;Sarma D (Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, , Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand) : Species diversity of polychaete fauna of digha-talsari region of west Bengal, India. J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(1), 16-20.

Polychaetes are one of the important natural foods of many economically important fishes, containing high calorific value and rich in protein. In the present investigation, taxonomic account, distribution pattern and habitat ecology of 24 species ofpolychaetes belonging to 14 genera in 12 families are studied. The analysis of the data shows that the majority of these species are restricted to areas located at the lower reaches, attributed to increased flow of sewage and wastes pouring into the sea. Many polychaetes are being used in aquaculture and agricultural sectors as live feed and biopesticide, respectively. The study has identified prospect of capturing and further culturing this group.

1 illus, 13 ref

008155   Choudhary S A (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir) : Effect of selected sub-lethal consitration of synthetic pyrethroid tested on different developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster. J Ind Pollut Control 2009, 25(2), 145-8.

Synthetic insecticide namely fenvalerate was tested to know its effects on inactive development stages (egg, larvae, pupae and adults) of mutant form (Yellow) of Drosophila melanogaster. The toxicity of the fenvalerate was revealed by prolongation of developmental period and also reduction of population revent at sub-lethal dose 0.007μL/100 mL food. The fecundity and hatchability fall considerably due to the effect of given insecticide on gonadal development and also reveal the reduction of population of larvae, pupae and adult might be due to fenvalerate is the interference in the synthesis of chiten during moulting of larvae in to successive instars into the pupae. The new malformed cuticle cannot give sufficient support to the muscles involved in ecdysis, which results inability to caste the exuviae and partially free themselves but finally loose moisture, turned black and die. A significant fall of adult of both sexes died within the puparium due to inability to cast off puparium completely and the structure appeared between pupae and adult died within two days of their partial emergence and few adults died out of the puparium due to the abnormal adults with white body, emerged forcibly due to insecticide reaction.

2 tables, 20 ref

008154   Choudhary S (Zoology Dep, S.K.M. College, Begusarai, Bihar) : Ultrastructure and distribution of taste buds in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J Inld Fish Soc India 2009, 41(1), 21-4.

The distribution and morphological features of taste buds in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The taste buds were distributed on external lips, skin surface barbel, within the oral cavity, including anterior part of oesophagus. Taste buds located on the external skin and barbel and within the oral cavity differ in appearance. Taste buds were of protrudes type and few were of sunken type, microvilli projected through the central pore of each taste buds. The number of taste buds varied in different body parts of the fish.

1 illus, 12 ref

008153   Cheema R S;Singh J;Gandotra V K (Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Dep, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Morphology and morphometery of spermatozoa in Indian mongrels. Anim Sci Reptr 2011, 5(1), 34-40.

Sperm morphology and morphometery have an important bearing on fertility in various species of animals, including dogs. The morphology (abnormalities) and morphometery of spermatozoa were studied in eight Indian mongrels (street dogs) in order to assess the quality of semen to use it further for isolation and characterization of sperm specific antigens with irnmunocontraceptive potential. The morphological deformitities viz., abnormal head, coiled tail, bent tail, detached head, mid piece swelling, and two tailed spermatozoa were observed in the semen of the dogs. The total sperm abnormalities accounted for 26.36±0.21 percent. More than half of them (13.64%) were tail deformities. Individual variations were large and significant (P≤0.05). The morphometric variabilities, in respect of head length, head radius, tail length, mid piece-length, and total length, measured using Magnus pro analytic software (Olympus), were non-significant (P≥>0.05) between individuals. The correlations between the morphometric characters and total sperm abnormalities were weak (0.02-0.32), except tail length, which had a high correlation coefficient (0.62). There was a curvilinear relationship between the two. The optimum tail length was 65.64 μm. The abnormalities were higher in dogs with shorter or longer sperm tails. The study suggested that the semen of 5 out of 8 (62.5%) mongrel dogs was of good quality with <60>25% abnormal sparmatozoa. The general recommendation is to use 25% total abnormal cells as the upper limit.

6 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

008152   Bhilave M P;Nadaf S B;Bhosale S V;Nalawade V B (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: drmadhavbhilave@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of protein efficiency ratio (PER) in Labio rohita fed on formulated feed. Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 84-7.

All organisms require energy in order to perform variety of biochemical, physiological and mechanical activities that are essential for their survival, growth and reproduction. The cost of these activities place competing demands on the available supply of energy. Ultimately it is the availability of energy that determines the capacity of an animal for growth and this has a substantial influence on the way in which fish utilizes and responds to feed. Commercial aquaeulture is Cropping up, thereby increasing the demand for aquaculture feeds. However, due to cost and availability considerations, it is inevitable that more plant protein supplements should be utilized in the feeds in the future. Protein is the basic component of fish diets, both in terms of quality and quantity, Fishmeal provides an adequate balance of amino acids, but increasing demand, cost and uncertain supply, makes it necessary to go for alternative protein sources or its combinations. Taking into account this consideration, the present investigation is carried out to evaluate protein efficiency ratio in freshwater fish Labio rohita fed on different combinations of feeds formulated from readily available protein sources like earthworm and deoiled groundnut cake. The fishes fed on 100% formulated feed had highest PER values than other feeds.

3 tables, 19 ref

008151   Bhattacharjee D;Fernando O J (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Porto Novo-608 502, Email: ad_plank@hotmail.com) : Morphometric comparison of the frontal knobs in south Indian brine shrimps, Artemia (Crustacea : Anostraca). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 387-90.

Five bisexual populations of Artemia were analyzed for their species demarcation from south India. Characterizatfons were done based on the morphometry of their male frontal knob. Body length of adults were measured and analyzed for their variance (p<60>0.05). The present study reestablishes the importance of the morphometrical traits used and confirms that the South Indian populations of bisexual Artemia are morphologically distinct from the bisexual populations reported earlier from different parts of the world and therefore the need to reevaluated their aquaculture application.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

008150   Bhatnase J J;Wadatkar M R;Dabhadkar D K;Dhore R (Biotechnology Dep, Agnihotri College of Science, Ram Nagar, Wardha-442 001) : SuSO₄ and ZnSO₄ causes aquatic stressors on tilapia fish melanophore and melanophore act as biosensor. Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 91-5.

There is a stress on fish due to toxic effects of chemical, by investigating the in vitro responses of melanophores from scales of fish. Determining and evaluating the alterations in the structural and physiological features of fish, exposed to various pollutants, represent these biomarkers. With the help of range finding test find out the considered concentration of toxicants. After that the behavioral monitoring for about 96 hrs and detection of sub-lethal stress can be detected. Melanophore index for the study of melanophore at 1 to 5 stages can be determined. After all the LC0 and LC 50 value can be found in CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄ solutions. Therefore the different behavioral changes and aggregation of melaopha ration increases then the aggregation of melanophore at peripheri and central region ore takes place in fishes and that's why cause to death. As the toxicant concent increases along with CuSO₄ is more toxicant than ZnSO₄.

5 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

008149   Bhat S A;Bashir I;Nataraju B (Sericultue Div, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kash, Post Box No. 674, G.P.O., Srinagar-190 001) : Biology of microsporidia infecting silkworm, Bombyx mori. J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 241-3.

Microsporidiosis of silkworm has been understood since long to be caused by Nosema bombycis only. Literature revealed that different microsporidia are isolated from infected silkworms which differ from each in spore morphology, germination, persistence etc. So therefore an attempt has been made to review the literature on microsporidia infecting silkworms, B. mori.

22 ref

008148   Bhagwat A R;Pejaver M K (Zoology Dep, B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Thane-400 601) : Ovipositing by Acraea violae on non food plants a mistake or an attempt to acquire new food plant?. Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 102-5.

It is a common knowledge that the butterflies select the food plants to lay their eggs, so that as soon as the egg hatches the specific food is available to the caterpillar. In the study observationsl were made on the egg laying pattern of the butterfly Tawny coster Acraea violas, belonging to the family Acraeidae. The established food plant for this butterfly is Passiflora. In the presence of the Passiflora, the eggs were laid on Turnera, which is not yet reported as its food plant. Hence observations were made to study the same.

2 tables, 7 ref

008147   Aruljothi B;Hemalatha S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: hemasathesh@yahoo.co.in) : Biochemical analysis of toxic effect of lead nitrate to the respiratory organs of the freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J expl Zool 2009, 12(2), 381-5.

Effect of sublethal concentration of lead nitrate (16 ppm; 10% of 96 h LC₅₀) on the aerial (ARO) and branchial (gill) respiratory organs of the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis was studied for a period of 10,20,30,40 and 50 days. The main biochemical alterations include a significant decrease in the total carbohydrate contents, an increase in total protein contents in the initial stages and a non-significant variation in the total lipid contents. These alterations may be used to evaluate the extent of aquatic pollution due to lead nitrate and the respiratory organs of H. fostiilis were used as a potent bioindicator to monitor altered water quality.

2 illus, 1 table, 46 ref