003351   Bijay Bhushan Prasad;Roy M K (Industrial Fish and Fisheries Dep, S.N.S. College, Motihari-845 401) : Effects of copper sulphate and potassium dichromate on oxygen consumption of the air breating fish, Channa gachua. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2006, 16(1), 71-6.

Oxygen consumption rate of Channa gachua under normal respiratory condition (i.e., surfacing allowed) was lower (60.0 ml/kg/h) than the surfacing prevented condition (72.1 ml/kg/h.), whereas the O₂ - up take rate of the fish exposed to lethal concentration of copper and chromium showed a gradual but significant decline after 48 h. exposure as the lowest value (34.5 & 45.18 ml/kg/h. in CuSO₄; 32.83 & 38.25 ml/kg/h). In K₂Cr₂O₇ the values were 26.9 and 20.5, respectively. The increase in O₂ - uptake rate during initial hours of sublethal concentrations followed by decline in the rate at later stages of exposure is an interesting behaviour and supports the contention that sublethal concentration stimulates the oxygen consumption rate perhaps due to over activeness or some internal factors. The decrease in the O₂-up take may be due to the damage of gill epithelial cells. Oxygen consumption capacity of the fish can be said to be intimately associated with the degree of gill damage caused by these pollutants.

3 tables, 16 ref

003350   Benjamin N;Kushwah A;Sharma R K;Katiyar A K (Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur-482 001, Email: ameeta_kushwah@yahoo.co.in) : Histopathological changes in liver, kidney and muscles of pesticides exposed malnourished and diabetic rats. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(3), 228-32.

Histopathological changes were observed in liver, kidney and muscles of normal, protein-malnourished, diabetic as well as both protein-malnourished and diabetic albino rats when exposed to a mixture of monocrotophos, hexachlorocyclohexane and endosulfan at varying intervals. The examination revealed hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and muscular necrotic effects in pesticides exposed rats. Toxicity was aggravated in protein-malnourished and diabetic animals and more so, if the animals were both diabetic and protein-malnourished.

12 illus, 15 ref

003349   Awasthi M;Narayan Das D;Singh R K (Department of Zoology, Arunachal University, Itanagar-791 112, Email: awasthi6@rediffmail.com) : Seasonal algal analysis from the fish gut tested in the rice fish cropping system. Res J Chem Envir 2006, 10(1), 75-9.

A survey of the algae associated with rice fields and the fish taking them as food is undertaken. Identification of algal species preferred by fishes and their availability in the natural environment is important for developing natural fish feed. The community structure of algae in summer and winter seasons as well as the gut contents of Cyprinus carpio L. present in rice-fish fields were analysed. Instead of counting algal cells or fragments of filaments in the gut of the fish, a new method has been adopted to study the composition of algae. Intact guts or gut contents of fishes were transferred directly on four different solid nutrient mediums and algal species were identified from culture plates. Fourty four algal taxa were altogether found in the guts belonging to Chlorophyta including desmids, diatoms and Cyanobacteria.

4 tables, 19 ref

002455   Tripathi G;Deora R;Sharma B M (Dep of Zool, J.N. Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 001) : Soil fauna involved in litter decomposition of arid pedoecosystem. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 87-92.

Soil biota is a biological resource that help in maintenance of soil fertility. They act as a buffer energy source for soil health management. Silvipasture lands of arid region are characterized by nutrient deficiency. This problem of soil nutrient deficiency can be overcome by a proper management of soil fauna-induced litter decomposition. In retrospection, qualitative composition and relative density of litter decomposing soil fauna were studied in some selected silvipasture systems (Prosopis cineraria, Zizyphus maurtiana, Tecomella undulata, Balanites aegytiaca, Acacia Senegal, Hardwickiabinata, and Colophospermum mopane trees association to Cenchrus ciliaris, Lasiurus sindicus, and Aristida funiculate grasses) in rainy season. Spider, mite, beetle, millipede, centipede, woodlouse, silverfish, termite, and other arthropods were recorded in these silvipasture systems. The occurrence of these soil fauna were categorized as abundant, moderate and poor. Group relative densities also differed in these systems. The silvipasture system-specific differences in qualitative composition and relative density of litter decomposing soil fauna may be assigned to the differences in litter quality as faunal food. Therefore, strategies may be developed for fauna-induced litter decomposition to enrich desert soil with nutrients.

5 tables, 11 ref

002454   Tiwari P;Saxena P N (Dep of Zool Toxicol Lab, Sch of Life Sciecnes Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra) : Response of biotransformating organs in Labeo rohita to chromium and nickel in Yamuna water at Agra. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 37-40.

Yamuna is a main source of water for residents of Agra city. The investigation underlines the need for pollution-free water resource. The river water has been analyzed for the presence of heavy metals during the month of October from two selected sites on the entire stretch of river Yamuna. The sites selected were Sikandra as control site and Taj as polluted site. The water samples were taken on 1st, 15th and 30th day of the month. Simultaneously, at each site the carp, Labeo rohita was sampled and analyzed for their qualitative and quantitative presence of heavy metals at the biotransformation site, the liver and kidney. Ths qualitative determination of chromium and nickel has been done by colorimetric method (Sandell, 1959) and heptoxime method (Fergussen, 1951) respectively, whereas, the quantitative analysis of the heavy metals has been done by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 300). The fishes were sacrificed on 1st, 15st and 30st day of the month and the heavy metals revealed their presence in the liver and kidney. Chromium was found to be more than nickel. Both the heavy metals revealed their higher concentration in liver than in kidneys. The trend shown regarding the presence of heavy metals was: Cr<62>Ni. Both the heavy metals revealed increase in concentration in both water as well as organ samples. The studies advocate the use of treated Yamuna water for drinking and domestic purposes.

28 ref

002453   Sumangala K;Haq M A (Dep of Biotechnol, Bioengineering and Res Cent Rai Univ Bangalore Academic Cent, Bangalore-560 083) : Diurnal periodicity and dispersal of Coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer. J ent Res 2005, 29(4), 303-7.

Investigation on biology and behaviour of the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis, in situ revealed mass migration of the individuals from concealed meristematic zone of the infested nuts under the perianth to open surface. Regular monitoring of infested nuts at an interval of 3 hrs. for 3 consecutive days showed the existence of diurnal periodicity in migration of the individuals to open surface of the nuts. Maximum mite population on surface the nuts coincided with bright hours of the day ranging from 10th to 15th hr. This activity of the mite starts at II phase of the infestation and continues till IV phase extending over a period of about 4 to 5 months. As wind has been identified as the major factor in transmission of the mite, surface population of the mite represents the fraction directly involved in the process. Nuts of phase II to phase IV of infestation act as the source of the pest for fresh infestation.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

002452   Sudhish Chandra (P.G. Dep of Zool, B.S.N.V. Coll, Lucknow-226 001) : Impact of asphyxiation stress on serum cholesterol levels of fresh water catfish, Clarias batrachus. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 45-7.

Asphyxiation revealed conspicuous alteration in serum cholesterol level of the fish Clarias batrachus. With gradual increasing asphyxiation stress serum cholesterol level declined steadily up to 49.51% as compared to control after 60 minutes, beyond which fish could not survive. Behavioral abnormalities were also observed during early period of asphyxiation. Observations have been correlated with changing ecophysiological situations, leading to alterations in body metabolism to compensate the stress.

1 table, 29 ref

002451   Sohal S K;Rup P J;Kaur H P (Dep of Zool, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005) : Investigations into the influence of indole-3-acetic acid on activity of some enzymes systems in Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.). J Insect Sci 2005, 18(2), 29-33.

Aphids are one of the most important groups of phytophagous insect pests, because of the presence of polymorphism, host alternating, heteroecious behaviour and specific reproductive habits. The extensive damage they cause to their host plants could be attributed to their ability to circumvent the biochemical defense systems of the host plant. The second instar nymphs (48-52h-old) of the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), the most important pest of Brassica crops, were fed on indole-3-aectic acid (IAA) treated radish plants @ 400 ppm for three intervals (13, 25 and 37h). The activity of glutathione S-transferases and esterases increased significantly after the treatment with IAA at all the time intervals investigated. On the other hand, the activity of NADH dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase got induced inconsistently only after longer exposure periods of 25 and 37h, respectively. However, glutathione reductase activity was not at all influenced by IAA treatment.

1 table, 26 ref

002450   Singh P K;Maheshwari M (Dep of Zool, Sch of Life Scinces, Khandari Campus, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra-282 002) : Impact of acetazolamide on testicular biochemistry of albino rat. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 5-7.

Effect of AZ, a specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitor have been investigated in albino rat testes. Prerfusion studies were interpreted by means of biochemical analysis, proved that AZ inhibited the testicular total protein, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase and an initial dose of AZ of 250 mg/kg body weight was within normal limits among all treatment group. Although this finding contradicted conventional wisdom regarding with increment in total protein, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase. It was found that the administration of AZ to diuretic therapy was very effective. Authors has concluded that an elevation in biochemical parameters determinant for diuretic AZ, side effects in metabolic situations.

1 table, 13 ref

002449   Saxena P N;Nadda G;Srivastava G (Dep of Zool Toxicol Lab, Sch of Life Sci Khandari Campus Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Univ, Agra-282 002) : Sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on the growth and development of white and brown mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 131-4.

Sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC on the white and brown mutants of Drosophila melanogaster were evaluated under ambient laboratory conditions of 25±5°C and 50±5% relative humidity. Parents were exposed separately to sublethal concentrations of insecticide for 48 hours through ingestion of diet. Developmental period (larval and pupal period), adult emergence and growth index values were evaluated in F₁ generation obtained from different crosses of parents. At the concentration evaluated, lambda-cyhalothrin prolonged larval, pupal and total developmental period and decreased the number of adults emerged and growth index values. White mutants were more resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin as compared to the brown and males were more susceptible as compared to the females to the insecticide tested.

1 table, 18 ref

002448   Sathe M C;Shrotri R V;Raghu K;Murthy N B K (Dep of Zool, K.J. Somaiya Coll of Sci and Commerce, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 032) : Observations on accumulation and depuration of fenthion in various tissues of marine edible clam, Marcia hiantina (Lamarck). J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 33-6.

Bivalves have been used as sentinel organisms to monitor the concentration of pollutants including pesticides in the coastal marine environment. Accumulation and depuration of fenthion, an organophosphate insecticide, in various tissues of the marine edible clam, M. hiantina (L.) exposed to fenthion in laboratory were studied. The highest accumulation of fenthion was found in visceral mass, followed by digestive glands and gills of clams exposed to fenthion for fifteen days. The residue levels in muscles were the lowest among the tissues studied. On transfer to the fenthion free seawater for fifteen days the fenthion exposed clams eliminated more than 70% of the fenthion residues accumulated in different tissues.

3 tables, 20 ref

002447   Sahai V (Dep of Zool, Khalsa Coll, Mumbai) : Biotechnological tools and their application in the conservation of animal biodiversity. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 135-8.

Spectacular advances in Biotechnology have opened fascinating new vistas for enhancing animal production in terms of quality and quantity. With genetic and reproductive interventions, engineered animals can be produced at an accelerated pace. These technologies also have application in the conservation of animal genetic resources. Some of the technologies are under experimentation, yet they have a great potential and promise. Some of the basic proceedings on focuses here. By cryogenic conservation technique, cellular and tissue materials can be preserved theoretically for an infinite period. Later, the stored cells can be thawed and revived to perform vital functions under controlled conditions. The potential of some of the cells to transform into zygotic cells is being explored in various species. By in utero or in vitro fertilization embryos have been developed. The semen, ova and embryo banks are not only for the storage of these specialized cellular materials but also for the revival and resurrection of the animal species/breed/varieties under the threat of extinction or decimation. The embryos can be pre sexed and evaluated prior to implantation. It is essential for deciding the level of threat or actual loss to the gene pool. Data Banks or bio-information repositories are equally important in assessment of the status of the species and deciding the conservation strategies.

002446   Rotman F J;Benetti D D;Demicco E;Orhun M R (NO, Rosenstiel Sch of Mar and Atmospheric Sci Div of Mar Affairs and Polic, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami FL-33149, U.S.A, Email: dbenetti@rsmas.miami.edu) : Larval rearing of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (sciaenidae), using probiotics as microbial control agent. Ann Natn Acad Med Sci 2004, 40(1-2), 175-84.

A larval rearing trial of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) was conducted to test the efficacy of a commercially available lactic acid based probiotics as a microbial control agent. Two tanks were inoculated with probiotics and fed probiotics-treated live rotifers and Artemia-nauplii from 3 to 21 days post hatch (dph). Two control tanks received no treatments of probiotics and were fed the same live feed organisms but not treated with probiotics. The experiment was terminated at 21 dph when most larvae had undergone metamorphosis. Average larval size at 21 dph in control tank 1 was significantly smaller in total length (TL) and dry weight (p <60> 0.05) than all other tanks, i.e. second control tank and probiotics treatment tanks. The size variability of larvae between control tanks did not allow for further analysis of the effect of probiotics on larval growth. The data suggests a trend for greater survival (8.6% vs. 4.1%), higher yield in biomass (0.977 g vs. 0.420 g) and a lower coefficient of variation (CV) in length (7.9% vs. 14.8%) and dry weight (28.8% vs. 58%) in the probiotics treatments tanks compared to those in the control tanks, although these differences were not statistically significant. Overall, results suggest that microbial management with the probiotics tested may help reduce variability and thereby stabilize and enhance the larval culture process.

1 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

002445   Rawat M S;Sharma R C (Deptt. of Zool, Govt. P.G. Coll, Uttarkashi-249 193) : Phytoplankton population of Garhwal Himalayan lake Deoria Tal, Uttaranchal. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 73-6.

Studies were undertaken on phytoplankton population, diversity and seasonal fluctuation of Garhwal Himalayan Lake Deoria Tal (Lat. 30°31'44"N and Long 79°7'48"E). A total of 36 species belonging to four groups, Chlroplyceae(18), Bacillariophyceae (15), Dinophyceae (2) and Cyanophyceae (1) have been recorded. Chlorophyceae (50%) <62> Bacillariophyceae (41.67%) <62>Dinophceae (5.56%)<62>Cyanophyceae (2.78%) registered the stated order of quantitative abundance. The phytoplankton population exhibited two peaks, first in October and the second in March. Chlorophyceae<62>Bacillariophyceae<62>Dinophyc eae<62>Cyanophyceae contributed to October peak while Bacillariophyceae<62>Dinophyceae<62>Chlorophyc eae mainly resulted in their March maxima.

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

002444   Ramesh Chander;Bhargava M C (Dep of Agric Zool and Ent, Raj Agricultuarl Univ, Campus: Jobner-303 329) : Effect of methoprene on reproductive potential of tobacoo caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). J Insect Sci 2005, 18(2), 25-8.

Different doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.00 μg/moth) of insect growth regulator methoprene were applied topically on freshly emerged unmated adults of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab.). The treated moths were allowed to mate and breed further with their treated and untreated counterparts. The fecundity, egg viability, oviposition period and longevity of mated and unmated adults of both sexes decreased with the increase in dose of methoprene. Maximum detrimental effects were observed in the cross wherein both the sexes were treated with methoprene.

2 tables, 12 ref

002443   Qamar A;Jamal K (NO, , Syeed Mahal, Diggi Road, Civil Lines, Aligarh-202 002) : Changes in the density of haemocytes/mm<. J ent Res 2005, 29(4), 271-4.

Effect of three chemically different insecticides was assessed on the changes in Total Haemocyte Counts, -(THC) in the red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae). One μl doses of four concentrations ranging from Lc₃₀ - Lc₉₀ of an organophosphate, a carbamate and a synthetic pyrethroid were individually applied topically on 5th instar nymphs. The changes in THCs were followed daily within the 5th instar stage and then after moulting to adults. The lower concentrations generally had a positive effect on THC whereas the higher concentrations induced significant reduction. The trend in the change in population of haemocytes was apparently same in all the affected nymphs and adults irrespective of the type of insecticide applied.

3 illus, 11 ref

002442   Pandey S K;Shukla P (P.G. Dep of Zool Biopesticide and Toxicol Lab., Feroze Gandhi (P.G.) Coll, Rae Bareli-229 001) : Antifertility effect of andrographis paniculata ethonalic extract in female pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Bruchidae: Coleoptera). J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 19-24.

Experiments were carried out to study the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata nees in relation to antifertility effect on stored grain pest Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) by topical application with different concentrations (1.25 μg, 1.75 μg and 3.5 μg) at a particular temperature (30°C) and humidity (73%). The number of eggs oviposited per bean decreased with increased concentration of the leaf extract. The maximum effect (75.96% and 70.46%) was obtained with 3.5 μg dose of the ethanolic leaf extract at 8 hour- 72 hour after the treatment. Finding indicate that A. paniculata has antifertility effect (oviposition decreasing) and parallely seed germination percentage was found normal. Hence, extract may be useful in controlling the pulse weevil C. Chinensis.

5 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

002441   Pal B C;Seal R N (Dep of Zool Ecology Behavior and Wildlife Unit, North Bengal Univ, Siliguri-734 430) : Bio-resource utilization by the Santals, Mundas and Oraons in the Hili block, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal. Envir Ecol 2005, 23(4), 935-41.

Santals, Mundas and Oraons co-inhibit in 29 Mauzas of the Hili Block of Dakshin Dinajpur for over 100 years. Despite living in close contact with one another, inter community marriage is rare or non-existent. However, their ways of living and manner of resource utilization is mostly similar. To make a living they perform a variety of activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, daily-wage labor, trading of forest collections and liquor, hunting, fishing and capture-collection of various animals and plants. Of the subsistence activities trading of firewood, daily wage-labor and agriculture provide them with more than three fourth of their caloric requirements. The three communities differ insignificantly on percent contribution in most subsistence activities except hunting-fishing-animal collection and trading of liquor. Participation of women folks in the subsistence activities is higher in trading of firewood and other forest produces but less in all other subsistence activities as compared to men. Rearing of domestic animals, however, is the sole preoccupation of the ladies.

10 tables, 24 ref

002440   Omondi J G;Gichuri W M (ARDU Dep of Zool, Coll of Biol & Phys Sci Univ of Nairobi P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Email: jgo@ics.uonbi.ac.ke) : Water quality in nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. and sharptoothed catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) polyculture in Kenya. Ann Natn Acad Med Sci 2004, 40(1-2), 158-74.

In the 20-week study at Sagana Fish Farm, central Kenya, twelve 0.8 m deep, 800 m² ponds, in a randomised block design, were stocked with juvenile (32 g) Oreochromis niloticus at 2 m^-2 and clarias gariepinus fingerlings (4.6 g) at 0.2 m^-2. Four treatments (T1 - T4) were applied in triplicates as follows: T1. Urea and DAP to provide 16 kg N ha^-1 week-1 and 4 kg P ha^-1 week-1; T2. Urea and DAP applied to give 8 kg N ha^-1 week-1 and 2 kg P ha^-1 week-1 plus rice bran (RB) fed at 60 kg ha^-1 day^-1; T3. RB fed at 120 kg ha^-1 day^-1; T4. RB as in T3 and fertiliser as in T2. Dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and pH were measured weekly in the morning and afternoon while total alkalinity (TA) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) were measured fortnightly at similar times. Mean values were 1-7 mgl^-1 for DO, 25-28<144>C for temperature, 7.2-9.4 for pH, 48-88 mg CaCO₃ l^-1 for TA and 0.23-0.42 mg N l^-1 for TAN. Significant differences were found in the pH (0.3-1.6 units), TA (29.3-40.1 mgl^-1) and afternoon DO (0.4-2.4 mg M) and temperature (0.4-0.8°C) between the 4 treatments. However, the differences in TAN (0.09-0.20 mgl^-1) and morning DO (2.3-3.9 mgl^-1) between the 4 treatments were not significant. As expected, pH, DO and temperature were higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Whereas the daily differences in temperature were slight, the variations in DO and pH could have significant effects, those of pH directly and through effects on TA and TAN. However, the present results show that inorganic fertiliser and rice bran applied at the stated rates, did not adversely affect the fish and all water quality parameters, except the dangerously low morning DO, were within normal ranges experienced in fish culture.

5 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

002439   Nath A K;Banerjee S (Dep of Zool, Serampore Coll, Serampore-712 201) : Seasonal growth pattern of Clarias gariepinus in freshwater and under salinity stress. Envir Ecol 2005, 23(4), 838-46.

Ecological factor, which often interacts with temperature influencing the survival and growth of the fish, is salinity. Clarias, gariepinus is generally regarded as freshwater fish. In both season mortality of the fingerling of this fish was not noticed up to 5 ppt concentration of saline water but noticed in 10 ppt from the day 2 of stocking during summer and the fish which survived in 10 ppt showed poor growth and became emaciated. Growth rates of fish are slower during winter than summer, which indicates that there is a direct relationship between temperature and fish growth rate. The optimum salinity range for growth of Clarias gariepinus was found to be in the range from freshwater to 2 ppt up to one month after stocking and then only the freshwater shows optimum for good growth in both seasons. The study reveals that Clarias gariepinus is primarily freshwater fish and can toerate up to 5 ppt salinity without showing any physiological stress in fingerling stage and culture of this fish is possible in low saline brackish water area.

2 illus, 8 tables, 28 ref

002438   Narayanan K (Project Directorate of Biol Control P.O. Box. 2491, , Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024) : Occurrence and cross infectivity of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. J ent Res 2005, 29(4), 319-21.

Occurrence of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus was observed on Spodoptera litura during rearing. On inoculation of second instar larvae of S. litura with SICPV containing 1 x 10⁶ POBs/ml, cent per cent mortality was oberved with an incubation period ranging from 8-15 days. SICPV was found to be cross-infective to Helicoverpa armigera.

4 illus, 4 ref

002437   Naik S J K;Jadhav N;Pawar S C;Pawak A C; Vasundhara Devi V (Dep of Zool, Univ Coll for Women, Koti Hyderabad-500 004) : Acute toxicity of treated industrial effluents on hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in wistar strain male albino rats. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 903-6.

Wistar strain male albino rats exposed to 1/2 and 1/4th dilution of treated industrial effluent collected from Jeedimetla effluent treatment limited, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, and A.P, INDIA for a period of 21 days. Rats were subjected to sacrifice after 21 day of exposure and liver tissues were analysed to assess the relative response of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (Cyt TP₄₅₀). The over all result reveals that, a significant reduction in Cyt .P_450> enzyme activity in all treated groups'as against to that of control.

1 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

002436   Mathur N;Chowdhary V;Mehta M;Krishnatrey R (Dep of Zool, Univ of Raj, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Effect of sunset yellow on testis in rats. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 1-3.

Effect of Sunset Yellow (SY) on testis of adult male rats was investigated. The rats were fed 0.5% and 3% SY mixed with pellet diet everyday for a period of 90 days. The testis showed patchy degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Affected tubules had extensive desquamation and sloughing off almost all the seminiferous epithilium elements linings the basement membrane. Well-developed sertoli cells appear to envelop vacuoles of varying sizes in the tubules. At places, an apparent increase in the size of the interstitium was due to the reduced size of the degenerated tubules. Leydig cells presented normal appearance. Sperm count diminished as compared to control.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

002435   Mathur N;Bhatnagar R (Dep of Zool Envir Toxicol Unit, Univ of Raj, Jaipur-302 004) : Mutagenicity assessment of textile dyes from Sanganer, Jaipur (India). J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 99-103.

Sanganer town, district Jaipur (Rajasthan, India) is famous worldwide for its dyeing and printing industries. Since many dyes are known mutagens, a complete evaluation of the safety of these dyes in the human environment must include an evaluation of their genotoxicity or mutagenicity. A total of 17 dyes were tested for their mutagenicity, using strain TA 98 of Salmonella typhimurium. Only 2 dyes, Red 12 B and Sky blue showed absence of mutagenic activity. The remaining 15 dyes were all positively mutagenic.

4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

002434   Mahesh R K;Jauhari R K (Dep of Zool Parasitology Lab, D.A.V. (P.G.) Coll, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, Email: jauharirk@hotmail.com) : Malaria incidence and vector density in relation to climatological factors in western Doon valley (Uttaranchal). J ent Res 2005, 29(4), 275-9.

Study on malaria incidence conducted in Sahaspur area of District Dehradun, Uttaranchal during January 1999 to December 2002 revealed considerably high infection of Plasmodium vivax. The slide positivity rate ranged between 0.08 to 4.75 with transmission from April to November. There was not a single case of Plasmodium falciparum during the study period. Among 2402 specimens of Anophelines there were 10 species of Anopheles viz., A. culicifacies Giles 1901, A. fluviatilis James 1902, A . stephensi Liston 1901, A. subpictus Grassi 1899, A. nigerrimus Giles 1899, A. maculatus Theobald 1901, A. annularis Van der Wulp 1884, A. vagus Donitz 1902, A. pulcherrimus Theobald 1902 and A. aconitus Donitz 1902. A. stephensi (15.57%) tops the rank followed by A. nigerrimus (14.19%), A. fluviatilis (13.94%), A. subpictus (13.53%), A. culicifacies (11.32%) and A. maculatus (11.11%) in succession. The climatological parameters during July to October favoured the transmission of malaria while perennial transmission of malaria was attributed to low socio-economic conditions, poor surveillance and inadequate intervention measures.

2 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

002433   Kirti J S;Jagdish Kaur (Dep of Zool, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Female genitalic attributes of some Indian mosquito species of genus Aedes Meigen (Diptera : Culicidae L.). J Insect Sci 2005, 18(2), 9-24.

Female genitalic characters of 13 species belonging to genus Aedes Meigen viz., Ae. (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus), Ae. (S.) albopictus(Skuse), Ae. (S.) gardnerii (Ludlow) Ae. (Finlaya) pulchriventer (Giles), Ae. (Fi.) albotaeniatus(Leicester), Ae. (Fi.) pseudotaeniatus(Giles), Ae. (Aedes) indicus Theobald, Ae. (Mucidus) scatophagoides Theobald, Ae. (Neomelaniconion) lineatopennis (Ludlow), Ae. (Aedimorphus) jamesi (Edwards), Ae. (Aedi.) culicinus Edwards, Ae. (Aedi.) pipersalatus (Giles) and Ae. (Aedi) vittatus (Bigot) have been described and illustrated for the first time in full details.

49 illus, 6 ref

002432   Khan M A;Agnihotri M (Dep of Ent Biol Control Lab, G.B. Pant Universiy of Agric and Technol, Pantnagar-263 145) : New species of the genus Encyrtus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Encyridae) from India. J ent Res 2005, 29(4), 349-51.

New species of genus Encyrtus Latreille (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) has been described from India.

11 illus, 5 ref

002431   Kazmi N;Pandey S K (PG Dep of Zool Biopesticide and Toxicol Lab., Feroze Gandhi (P.G) Coll, Rae Bareli-229 001) : Antifertility effects of crude extract of Clerodendron siphonanthus R.Br. on reproductive organs of male albino rats (Rattus rattus). J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 9-17.

Effects of Clerodendron siphonanthus R.Br. leaves as crude extract was studied on male reproductive organs through decoction and ethanolic extracts on albino rats. Treatment of experimental animal with 100, 250, 500 mg/kg of body weight/day for 30 and 60 days. Increase in dose was inversely proportional to reproductive tissue wet weight of treated rats. 100 mg/kg did not much impair infertility in treated male rats. Loss was reversed in case of 250 mg/kg dose, however, the loss was not reversed in case of male rats treated with 500 mg/kg dose and resulted significant damaging effects on testicular architecture. Tubules were disfigured and spermatogenesis was arrested. Clumping of spermatozoa was also observed.

14 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

002430   Gururaja K V;Ramachandra T V (Energy and Wetlands Res Grp Cent for Ecological Sci, Indian Inst of Sci, Bangalore-560 012, Email: cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in) : Developmental mode in white-nosed shrub frog Philautus cf. leucorhinus. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 450-4.

Direct development in amphibians bypassing intermediary tadpole stage has behavioural evolutionary and ecological significance. Paper presents direct development in Philautus cf. leucorhinus, while comparing with other congeners of the Western Ghats.

4 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

002429   Gupta S K;Gaur K P;Upadhyay V B (Dep of Zool Silkworm Lab, D.D.U. Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Influence of temperature on the total free amino acids content in the silk gland of multivoltine mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori Linn. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 127-30.

Variation in temperature significantly influenced the total free amino acids content of silk gland in Bombyx mori. Maximum level of total free amino acids content was noticed at 26±1°C while minimum at 10±1°C.

1 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

002428   Garcia Ulloa M;Gonzalez Ochoa O A Gonzalez; Sangha R;Zavala Aguirre J L;Torres Bugarin O (NO, Laboratorio de Ciencias Marinas Legaspi-235 A.P.3, Barra de Navidad, Jalisco, C.P.-48987, Mexico, Email: turbotuag@hotmail.com) : Stocking density effects on growth and survival of red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fry fed a diet containing decapsulated artemia cysts. Ann Natn Acad Med Sci 2004, 40(1-2), 139-49.

Red tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus fry were reared at three stocking densities (3, 5 and 8 fry per liter) during the initial feeding period of 30 days, after yolk absorption. The experiment was carried out in a closed recirculation system, using 10-liter plastic containers as rearing tanks. Each density was tested with three replicates. Diet consisted of a dietary inclusion of 25% of decapsulated Anemia cysts in a commercial diet, and was given ad libitum four times a day. Mean standard length, wet weight, specific growth rate, biomass production and survival were registered at the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences (P <62> 0.05) among stocking densities for all biological parameters examined. Final mean values (1.63 grams wet weight, 15.68% gain body weight/day and 96.77% survival) suggest there was no negative effect of tested stocking densities on growth performance of O. mossambicus fry, indicating that it is possible to rear red tilapia fry at high densities when decapsulated cysts are included in the starter diet. Although the overall results indicate that inclusion of decapsulated Artemia cysts in the tilapia larvae diet could be responsible for the high output values obtained, more research is needed to consider its use at a commercial level.

2 tables, 62 ref

002427   Gabriel Paulraj M;Ignacimuthu S (NO, Ent Res Inst Loyola Coll, Chennai-600 034, Email: eri_lc@hotmail.com) : Butterfly diversity in and around Chennai. J ent Res 2005, 29(4), 345-8.

In a survey made in Chennai (Kodambakkam and Nungambakkam) and surrounding areas (Mangadu, Manimangalam, Padappai, Poonamallee and Sethpattu) Pieridae and Nymphalidae were found the predominant families contributing 11 species each. Maximum number of species was collected from the undisturbed areas such as Manimangalam (46 species), Padappai (45 species), Sethpattu (43 species), Mangadu (41 species) and Poonamallee (40 species) while 34 and 29 species were collected from Nungambakkam and Kodambakkam respectively. Nearly half of the total butterfly species was recorded under Pieridae (24.0%) and Nymphalidae (24.0%). The other predominant families in terms of number of species were Lycaenidae (15.2%), Hesperidae (13.04%) and Papilionidae (10.86%). Family Acraeidae was represented by only one species (2.17%).

3 tables, 15 ref

002426   Dheera P;Annabel R;Vassanda E;Pushparaj N; Gunasingh A (Dep of Zool, Cent for Post Grad Stud, Pondicherry-605 008) : Species diversity of fin fishes of Chunnambar estuary in Pondicherry. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 685-8.

Estuaries are ecologically important entities. Their unique Physico-chemical and physiological condition impose restrictions on the living organisms. Chunnambar estuary is considered a dying estuary due to the anthropological onslaughts by the urban Pondicherry. Inspite of this situation, the species diversity and richness is still significant calling for urgent conservation efforts.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

002425   Choudhary S A (Dep. of Zool, R.B.S. Coll, Agra-282 002) : Susceptibility of Drosophila melanogaster to fenvalerate. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 671-4.

Fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethyroid, was analyzed for its toxic effects on Drospphila melanogaster. It has been estimated that LC_{50 was 0.077 mg/100 mL food. These studies revealed then fenvalerate is toxic as it had a pronounced affect on rate of development, fecundity and viability of Drosophila melanogaster.}

3 tables, 24 ref

002424   Chakraborty S;Dey P K;Bhattacharya D K; Chakraborty G;Sarkar P K;Somchoudhury A K (Dep of Zool, Univ of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235) : Laboratory evaluation of a predatory mite, Amblyseius coccosocius Ghai and Menon against red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in tea. J ent Res 2005, 29(4), 309-12.

Interaction of red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae and predatory phytoseiid, Amblyseius coccosocius was studied at different prey predator ratio viz, 1:1, 1.5:1, 6:1 and 10:1 under laboratory condition. The predator was found effective against Oligonychus coffeae at all the ratio attempted. The predator takes 7, 8, 14 and 13 days to eliminate the prey completely when released at a prey predator ratio of 1:1, 1.5:1, 6:1 and 10:1, respectively.

4 tables, 3 ref

002423   Binu Kumari S;Kaviha Kirubavathy A;Rajammal T (Dep of Zool, Chikkanna Govt Arts Coll, Tirupur-641 602) : Use of municipal sewage farm water at Vellore, Coimbatore for fish culture. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 41-4.

Physico-chemical properties of the municipal sewage water of Vellore, Coimbatore were studied to see their nutritive value and possible use for the cultivation of fishes following the adequate treatment.

5 tables, 6 ref

002422   Bhardwaj A C;Pooja Rani (PG-Department of Zool, Sanatan Dharm Coll, Muzaffarnagar- 251 001, Email: ac_bhardwaj@hotmail.com) : Amino acid pattern during developing stages and in young pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J ent Res 2005, 29(4), 289-91.

Among 24 amino acids studied in Callosobruchus chinensis 20, 14, 14, 13 and 17 amino acids were detected in the samples of male, female, eggs, larvae and pupae respectively. The Isoleucine was not found in any of the sample studied. The intensity of alanine, dopa, hydroxy-proline, methionine, nor-leucine, threonine and valine in male; alanine, L-cystine HCI, dopa, hydroxy-proline, nor-leucine and valine in female; alanine, dopa, hydroxy-proline, nor-leucine in eggs; dopa, hydroxy-proline, nor-leucine and valine in larvae; dopa, hydroxy-proline, nor-leucine, phenylalanine, proline and valine in pupae was brisk.

1 table, 11 ref

002421   Akolkar D;Samanta M;Mohanty S;Nandi S;Maiti N K (Microbiol Div, Cent Inst of Freshwater Aquacult, Bhubaneswar-751 002, Email: mrinalsamanta@hotmail.com) : Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria in Labeo rohita (Ham.) and assessment of their cellulase (beta-glucosidase) activity. Ann Natn Acad Med Sci 2004, 40(1-2), 119-25.

Primary screening of cellulolytic bacterial isolates from gastrointestinal tract of Labeo rohita (Ham.) were carried out by Congo-red binding assay. Employing biochemical tests, author has isolated two isolates of Erwinia crysanthemi, one isolate each of Erwinia caratovora and Bacillus pumilus. β-glucosidase (one of the major component of cellulase enzyme) activity of Erwinia crysanthemi, Erwinia caratovora and Bacillus pumilus were 0.095, 0.009, 0.06 units. ml^{-1.hr-1 respectively. Study indicates the presence of some of the cellulolytic bacterial species in the gastrointestinal tract of rohu as well as the estimation of their β-glucosidase activity, which may have their possible role in the digestion of cellulose.}

4 tables, 16 ref

002420   Aguirre A;Gomez G;Paredes W;Balcazar J L (NO, Sch of Aquacult and Tech Univ of Machala El Oro, Ecuador, Email: balcazar@unizar.es) : Effects of stocking density of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus) on survival and growth in cages suspended in a pond. Ann Natn Acad Med Sci 2004, 40(1-2), 151-7.

Hybrid red tilapia (mean weight 1.25 g) were stocked at densities of 200, 300 and 400 fish m^-3 in replicated cages (1-m^-3) and cultured for 126 days at the Rio Catamayo farm in Ecuador to investigate the appropriate stocking density. Caged tilapia were fed three times a day with commercial floating pellets containing 46%, 32%, 28% and 24% crude protein during the first, second, third and fourth month, respectively. Water temperatures ranged from 26.5 to 28.4°C in the cages. Mean survival ranged from 94.3% to 98.5%. Stocking densities of caged tilapia had no significant (p<62>0.05) effects on the survival, growth, food conversion ratio and profitability. The maximum production rate achieved was 78.98 kg m^-3 in cages stocked with 400 fish m^-3. The results of this study suggest that cages at high densities can be a good strategy, considering low FCR, good growth and high economic return.

1 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

001245   Vij A G;Satija N K;Mathur R;Flora S J S (Def Inst of Physiol and All Sci Lucknow Rd, , Timarpur, Delhi-110 054, Email: anjanavij@hotmail.com) : Substance P in attenuation of stress induced behavioral despair and catecholamine deficits. J Tissue Res 2004, 4(1), 137-41.

Investigatated the effect of peripheral administration of neuropeptide substance P (SP) on behaviorar and neurochemical response to acute stress. Adult male albino rats, pre-trained on Morris Water Maze (MWM) were co-exposed to multiple stressors, namely immobilization, shock (3 sessions of 5 min each, 10 hz, 5 sec, 0.24 Amp.), vibration (40 cps on an angular platform at an angle of 15°), light flashes (6 sessions of 5 bursts of 10,000 lux) and noise (95-103 dBA) for 30 min daily for four days following single intra-peritoneal injection of saline orSP (125 or 250 μkg/bw). Behavioral measures were carried out daily for three days prior and after the stress exposure. All the rats were sacrificed on the fourth day immediately after 30-minute stress exposure along with the saline injected non-stressed rats and catecholamine levels, metabolites and enzymes involved in their synthesis and deamination assayed. The findings show that animals exposed to stress were hypo kinetic and took more time to locate the platform whereas the animals receiving SP, displayed neither the stress induced hypokinesia nor behavioral deficits in acquisition scores on MWM performance. Pre-treatment witli SP abolished peripheral as well as cerebral depletion of norepinephrine in stress exposed rats and increased cerebral as well as adrenal dopamine levels. The results suggest that stress-reducing effect of SP may be mediated by activation of catecholaminergic synthesis and/or inhibition of catecholamine degradation.

2 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

001244   Verma R J;Nair A (Dep of Zool, Univ Sch of Sci, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: ramtejverma2000@yahoo.com) : Vitamin E ameliorates aflatoxin induced hyperglycaemia in mice. J Tissue Res 2004, 4(1), 131-6.

Oral administration of 25 and 50μg of 3aftatoxin/animal/day for 45 days caused a significant dose-dependent rise in blood glucose concentration in mice as compared with vehicle administer control. It could be due to significant rise in phosphorylase activity and reduced glycogen content both in the liver and skeletal muscle of aflatoxin-treated mice. Treatment for 45 days also caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in body weight as compared to control Reduction in DNA, RNA and protein contents were also observed during intoxication, which could be due to formation of aflatoxin adduct. Activities of succinic dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase (in skeletal muscle) were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner, however, acid phosphatase activity in liver and SGOT and SGPT activity in serum were significantly higher in aflatoxin-treated mice. Vitamin E (2 mg/animal/day) pre-treatment to low dose treated groups significantly ameliorated aflatoxin-induced changes, and the data were almost comparable with the controls. However, the therapy to high dose treated groups was not much successful as most of the recoveries were partial and the values were still significantly lower than the controls. It is concluded that vitamin E pre-treatment was successful only in low dose aflatoxin treated mice.

5 tables, 38 ref

001243   Varghese A P;Kuriakkose G;Mathew J;Thomas S (Zool Dep, Nirmala Coll, Muvattupuzha, Kerala-686 661) : Proximity nesting. Sci Soc 2004, 2(2), 65-6.

Proximity nesting is a survival strategy adopted by several bird species to protect their nest and nestings. An observation on nesting by five different species of birds in proximity at Thattekkad bird Sanctuary, Kerala, Indiahas been described.

1 table, 4 ref

001242   Rao M V;Chawla S L;Damore D;Darji J, (Dep of Zool Reproductive Endocrinology and Toxicol Unit Univ Sch of Sc, Guj Univ, Ahmedabad-380 009) : Effects of orally administered potassium dichromate in reproductive and non-reprodutive tissues of female rats. J Tissue Res 2004, 4(1), 121-5.

Effect of oral administration of potassium dichromate at 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight daily for 30 days was investigated in reproductive organs and liver of adult female rats. The results revealed that in ovary, protein, cholesterol and ascorbic acid were decreased. Similarly in uterus, proteins and lipid levels were significantly declined with an increase in its glycogen levels. However, increased glycogen levels in the liver with a concomitant decline in phosphorylase indicated carbohydrate metabolic defect in these tissues as a result of chromium poisoning. This is further evidenced by a reduction in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the liver. Elevation in serum transaminase levels with a reduction in cholesterol also indicated the liver toxicity. Moreover, blood cell counts were also altered. These results clearly revealed the toxicity of potassium dichromate in reproductive organs and liver in female rats which may probably be due to the metal accumulation in these tissues.

7 tables, 33 ref

001241   Patel C S;Jain J R;Singh D;Ramachandran A V (Dep of Zool Fac of Sci, M.S Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002, Email: av_rama@rediffmail.com) : Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and pancreatic islet responses in pigeons treated with pineal indoles and p-chloro phenylalanine. J Tissue Res 2004, 4(1), 153-6.

Impact of pined indoles (melatonin-M; methoxytryptophol-ML; methoxytryptamine-MT) and pCPA (P-chloro phenylalanine) on carbohydrate metabolism in terms of hepatic and muscle glycogen contents, hepatic phosphorylase and G-6-P'ase and blood glucose level and pancreatic islet functions have been studied in the feral pigeon, Columba livia during the recrudescent phase. Treatments with M and pCPA, induced hypoglycemia and the tissue glycogen depletion: however, ML and MT treatments induced hyperglycemia and tissue glycogen deposition. Hepatic phosphorylase and G-6-P, ase activity increased with M treatment and decreased with ML, MT and pCPA. Pancreatic islet showed a cell degranulation with M, B cell degranulation with pCPA and increased granulation with both ML & MT treatments. These results have been taken to indicate definite influence of pineal and pineal indoles on carbohydrate metabolism by way of their influence on pancreatic hormone secretion and tissue sensitivity to them.

2 tables, 44 ref

001240   Patel C S;Adi N C;Ramachandran A V (Dep of Zool Fac of Sci, M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002) : Photoperiod-adrenal interactions on carbohydrate metabolism in the feral pigeon during the recrudescent phase. J Tissue Res 2004, 4(1), 157-9.

The possible influence of photoperiodism on carbohydrate metabolism has been evaluated in the feral pigeons. Both Dexamethasone (DXM) and Corticosterone (CORT) treated pigeons were exposed to NDL or LD 18:6 photoperiodic schedules and their tissue glycogen contents, blood glucose and hepatic phosplwrylase and G-6-P'ase activity assayed. Both DXM & Corticosterone treatment increased tissue glycogen content under both photic schedules. Plasma glucose level increased under LD 18:6 while, CORT treatment decreased and, DXM treatment increased further the glycemic level under both photic schedules. The activity of hepatic phosplwrylase decreased in all experimental birds while that of G-6-P'ase increased. From the results it can be concluded that gonadal recrudescence induces depletion of tissue glycogen content and hyperglycemic, which are potentiated by long photic schedule. Chronic adrenocortical suppression or activation has differential effects on glycemic status probably through their action on glucoregulatory center or by the altering mechanism involved in glucose absorption, uptake and utilization.

2 tables, 14 ref

001239   Pant S C;Vijayaraghavan R;Rao P V L;Singh M (Div of Pharmac and Toxicol, Def Res and Dev Establ, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474 002, Email: scpant56@rediffmail.com) : Melatonin protects sulphur mustard induced oxidative stress in mice. J Tissue Res 2004, 4(1), 147-51.

Sulphur mustard bis (2-chloroethyl) sulphide (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent, has been frequently used as a chemical warfare agent. Study was designed to investigate the protective efficacy of melatonin (MLT) on some biochemical and histological parameters in mice, treated with Sulphur mustard, 19.33 mg/kg, sc, over a period of fourteen days. Female albino mice were treated with sulphur mustard, melatonin or melatonin plus sulphur mustard. Melatonin was given 100 mg/kg, ip, 30 min prior and 24 hr following SM treatment for four days. Animals were sacrificed on day 7th and day 14th post treatment Blood, liver and lung tissues were prepared for biochemical analysis and visceral organs were processed for histopathological evaluation. Exposure of SM resulted in a significant depletion of blood, liver and pulmonary glutathione (GSH) and an elevation of hepatic and pulmonary oxidized glutathione (GSSG). These biochemical changes were accompanied by number of histopathological alterations. The most prominent among them included congestion and degeneration in viscera and obliteration of chromatin material Lung, liver and renal parenchyma showed granulovacuolar degeneration and perinuclear clumping of the cytoplasm indicating decreased protein synthesis. Histopathological splenic lesions displayed a pattern of vascular congestion and accumulation of megakaryocyles. On 7th day, these biochemical and histopathological changes were relatively less marked in animals administered with melatonin and blocked their further progression on 14th day following by SM treatment indicating protective efficacy of the melatonin against SM induced oxidative injury in mice.

9 tables, 32 ref

001238   Murugesan A G;Rajakumari C;Sakthivelmurugan S;Sukumaran N (Div of Industrial Toxicol and Pollution Control, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ Sri Paramakalyani Cent for Envir Sci, Alwarkurichi-627 412) : Behavioral changes of fresh water fishes exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent at different temperatures. J theor expl Biol 2004, 1(1), 25-33.

Avoidance behavior of fishes towards pulp and paper mill effluent was recorded using Cyprinus carpio, Cyrrhinus mrigala, Catla catla and Mystus mystus. The study proved that all fishes avoided paper mill effluent at mild lethal concentrations. Their relative tolerance to the effluent were in the order of Mystus mystus <62> Cyprinus carpio <62> Catla catla <62> Cyrrhinus mrigala. Cyrrhinus mrigala was more sensitive with 100% avoidance even at 20% concentration, followed by Catla catla with a tolerance level of 28% concentration. Surprisingly, Cyprinus carpio and Mystus mystus were able to adjust the paper mill effluent to the level of 45 and 55% respectively. Fishes when exposed to temperature fluctuations (30, 34 and 38°C) with effluent back ground showed erratic movements. They clumped together and stayed in fresh water zone throughout the exposure period. Significant difference in avoidance behaviour was not observed between the temperatures 34°C and 38°C.

5 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

001237   Kapur Ghai J;Thapar V;Kanwaljeet Kaur;Sood M L (Dep of Zool and Fish, Punjab Agric Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Development of avidin-biotin based ELISA for detection of Haemonchus contorus Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) Antigens. Indian J Comp Microbiol Immun Infect Dis 2004, 24(1), 45-6.

1 illus, 6 ref

000360   Wani A A;Sahi D N (P.G. Dep of Zool, Univ of Jammu, Jammu-180 006) : Diversity and status of the birds of tehsil Doda, Jammu. J Nat Conserv 2005, 17(1), 135-43.

Avian survey was carried out of tehsil Doda (District Doda) of J & K state from December 2002 to December 2003. Tehsil Doda lies in the lesser himalayan range of North West Himalayas and streches between 32°55' and 33°33' north latitude and 75° 21' and 75° 45' east longitude with an elevation ranges between 900m to 4200m. The study documents 41 species of birds belonging to 9 orders and 22 families along with their resident and migratory nature. Substrate preference for feeding was also anlaysed during the course of study.

2 tables, 11 ref

000359   Vyas R (NO, Sayji Baug Zoo, Vadodara-390 018, Email: razoovyas@hotmail.com) : Indian star tortoise Geochelone elegans - status in the protected areas of Gujarat and Indian zoos. Zoos Print J 2006, 21(4), 2220-2.

Indian Star Tortoise Geochelone elegans is under severe pressure due to threats to habitat, population and from national and international threats. The species is assessed as Vulnerable in both India and Sri Lanka, yet managesno high protection in the legislation of the country. Also highlights the need for a better role of zoos in India for the conservation of the species.

^ccr3 tables, 14 ref