018374   Baghel C L;Srivastav A K (Zool Dep, Bipin Bihari (pG) Coll, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : First observation of Anopheles annularis as secondary vector of malaria in Jhansi (UP) India. Flora Fauna 2007, 13(1), 221-3.

In the course of entomological survey, five Anopheline species were collected from different localities of Jhansi Viz. Hansari, Jar Pahar, Mission Compound, Lahargird, Bajarang colony and K.K. Puri These predominant species were A stephensi; A f1uvitialis, A. annularis, A. culicifacies and A. subpictus. In these species former four species were vector of malaria and last one non vector' species for malaria but found with rich density. The attention was paid on A. annularis. because of its higher density in winter and low sporzoite rate, but it acts as secondary vector of malaria and most of the population of this species rest in the cattle sheds made of thatch, roofs with or without mud and bamboo and it also rests to appreciable extent in the rather inaccessible layers of thatch.

1 table, 19 ref

018373   Badal S;Gupta P C (Chem Dep, B.I.T., Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh) : Thin layer Chromatographic studies of 3 - (p-chlorophenyl) - 3 - (substituted phenyl) phthal-as-ein. Flora Fauna 2007, 13(1), 213-14.

Firstly the phthalides were synthesized, their T.L.C. behavior were studied and a reliable method was developed for separation and identification of compounds, obtained by the condensation of different phenols with γ-keto acids [2-(p-chlorobenzoyl) benzoic acid].

3 tables, 4 ref

018372   Agarwal N K;Thapliyal B L;Raghuvanshi S K (Zoology Dep, Fish Reproductive Biology Research Lab, H.N.B. Garhwal University Campus, Badshahithaul-249 199) : Induced breeding and artificial fertilization of snowtrout, Schizothorax richardsonii through the application of ovaprim. J Inld Fish Soc India 2007, 39(1), 12-19.

It is the first report of induced breeding in the snowtrout- Schizo thorax richardsonii through the use of ovaprim - a synthetic salmon gonadotropin hormone. Induced breeding and thereafter-artificial fertilization were carried out successfully in Schizo thorax richardsonii by the application of ovaprim. These experiments were conducted in natural as well as laboratory conditions. The minimum effective dose of ovaprim was found to be 1.2 and 1.25 ml/kg body weight for female brooders in two split doses in riverine and hatchery conditions, respectively. On the other hand, two split doses of 0.50 ml/kg body weight are required for male brooders. A good fertilization percentage (85-100%) was achieved in artificial fertilization experiments by dry method. During artificial fertilization, appearance of a jelly like substance is reported when eggs and milt are mixed in the dry pan and water is added. This entangled the eggs within it. This jelly disintegrated after complete water hardening of the eggs. This jelly perhaps prevents the fertilization of eggs by spermatozoa of other species. Moreover, it seems to be helpful in preventing the eggs from being washed away and from mechanical shock.

2 tables, 31 ref

018371   Adesh Kumar;Ashok Kumar;Joshi V D;Trivedi M C (Zool Dep, B.L.J. Govt Degree Coll, Purola, (Uttarkashi)) : Phthirapteran diversity infesting goats and sheep of Garhwal. Flora Fauna 2007, 13(1), 151-8.

Extensive survey work was done in Garhwal (Himalayan) region for the collection of phthirapteran ectoparasltes as well as other ectoparasitic insects infesting goats and sheep. The goats were infested by one species of biting lice (Bovicola caprae), one species of sucking lice (Linognathus africanus), five species of ticks (Boophilus microplus, Haemaphysalis montogomeryi, Hyalomma brevipunctata, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Haemaphysalis bispinosa), one species of sheep ked, (Melophagous ovinus) and one spec~es of flea (Ctenocephalides canis). While the sheep harboured one species of biting lice (Bovicola o vis), two species of sucking lice (Linognathus ovillus, Linognathus pedalis), two species of ticks (Boophilus microplus, Hyalomma brevipunctata), one species of sheep ked. (Melophagous ovinus), and one species of flea (Ctenocephalides canis).

19 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

017445   Vijayakumar P B;Katti S R;Venkatesh H (NO, Karnataka State Sericulture Research and Development Institute, Thalaghattapura, Banglore-560 062) : Growth rate in some pure races of Bombyx mori during the fifth instar. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 277-80.

Growth rate during fifth instar in 12 pure races of Bombyx mori was studied, which include 2 multivoltine and 10 bivoltine races, including 2 sex limited races. More productive races like CSR2 and NK2, HND, HDO, showed highest growth whereas less productive races showed less growth rate. In general, bivoltine races showed higher growth rate than muitivoltine races. In the sex linked races the male showed higher growth rate than the females. There are two peaks in the growth curves in most of the races studied, the highest was observed on day one and the second one around fifth day which is very small compared to the one observed on first day.

017444   Venkatesan R;Subramanian N (Zoology Dep, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts and Science, Kilambi, Kancheepuram-631 551) : Effect of copper sulphate on histopathological changes in the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2007, 17(4), 353-61.

Effect of copper sulphate on histopathological changes in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) has been studied exposing it for short term bioassay for 96 h and LC₅₀ values were 0.253 mg/l. O. mossambicus were further exposed to sub-lethal level (1/3 of LC value) and the target organs (gill, liver & kidney) were selected to observe the effect on 0th, 10th and 20thdays. Heavy metal (Copper sulphate) significantly affected the gill showing marked edema, destruction of epithelial cells and few lamellae were curled and shows marked proliferation and necrosis were found in the liver. Mild glomerularedema and necrosis, were noted in the kidney.

3 illus, 36 ref

017443   Tripathi G;Deora R;Sharma B M (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 001) : Community and habitat structure of termites and centipedes of arid land. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 291-300.

Degradation of soil health is one of the main reasons for loss of soil sustainability in dry areas. Termites and other soil nesting arthropods are essential for the maintenance of the integrity of arid pedoecosystems. Therefore, the status of termite and centipede was studied in silvipasture land of the Indian Thar desert. A total of five species of termites belonging to two families and five species of centipedes belonging to three families were recorded from Prosopis cineraria, Zizyphus rotundifolia, Tecomella undulata, Belanitic aegyptiaca, Acacia Senegal, Harclwikia binata and Colophospermum mopane based silvipasture systems. The termite species Anacantlwtermes macrocephalus of Hodotermitidae family and Eremotermes neoparadoxalis of Termitidae family were predominant when considered irrespective of silvipasture systems. The species of termites and centipede were more in P. cineraria and Z. rotundifolia as compared to the other pedoecosystems. The representatives of the family Termtidae and Scolopendromorpha contributed 56.31 and 74.00 % of total faunastic composition, respectively. The termite species A. macrocephalus and E. neoparadoxalis showed highest diversity index (0.35) irrespective of systems. Similarly, the centipede species Scolopendra celida showed highest diversity index (0.36) irrespective of systems. The relative tree effects (RTEs) on the population of different species of termites and centipedes were all negative indicating positive responses due to tree presence. The occurrence of diverse type of termites and centipedes may have a great ecological significance for desert. They need conservation for sustainability of soil system in arid environment.

5 tables, 32 ref

017442   Tilak K S;Veeraiah K;Thathai P B (Zoology Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510) : Histopathological changes in the kidney of the fish Channa punctata exposed to sublethal concentration of butachlor and machete. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2007, 17(2), 129-34.

Histopathological changes in the kidney tissue of the fish Channa punctata exposed to sublethal concentration of herbicide Butachlor Machete have been studied. The changes observed were severe necrosis, cloudy swelling, cellular hypertrophy and granular cytoplasm. The distal convoluted tubules decreased in size. Vaculoes are also formed.

2 illus, 19 ref

017441   Suryawanshi G D;Mane U H (Zoology Dep, Vogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai, Beed-431 517) : Base levels of zinc and cadmium in edible oyster Crassostrea cattuckensis (Newton and Smith) from Ratnagiri coast. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 345-8.

Base levels of zinc and cadmium in the different body parts of medium sized oysters Crassostrea cattuckensis have been studied from Bhatye estuary at Ratnagiri in different seasons viz. monsoon, winter and summer. The study showed that the level of zinc was seen in monsoon high level in siphon, followed by hepatopancreas, gonad, mantle, adductor muscles and gills. In winter when compared with monsoon showed high level in gill followed by mantle, gonad hepatopancreas, siphons and adductor muscles. On the other hand, in summer the content when compared with that found in monsoon showed high level in gills and low levels in gonad, hepatopancreas, mantle, and siphon and adductor muscle. In addition to these observations, the content when compared with those found in winter, showed low levels in summer in ail the body parts. Regarding cadmium in monsoon the levels was highest in hepatopancreas, followed by siphon, gill, and gonad, mantle and adductor muscle. In winter when compared with those found in monsoon showed high level in gill followed by mantle, siphon, gonad, adductor muscle and mantle. On the other hand, in summer when compared with monsoon showed low level in all the body parts. In addition to these the content when compared with winter, showed low level in summer in all the body parts.

16 ref

017440   Suresh S;Siva N;Muthuchelian K (Plant Sciences Dep, Center for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai-625 021, Email: sureshplant@gmail.com) : Vegetative propagation of grizzled giant squirrel wildlife sanctuary forest plant species. J Pl Biol 2007, 34(3), 199-203.

Vegetative propagation of important forest plant species, viz. Atlandia monophylla, Crataeva religiosa, Crecentia cujetae, Helicteres isora, Toona ciliate, Wrightia tinctoria was studied at different environmental conditions. To stimulate the growth of cuttings, IBA and NAA (auxins) were used (1000 IBA + 500 NAA). Plants cultivated under greenhouse conditions showed better results than in the open field conditions. Among them, the hormone-treated plants grow well than the control. The results showed that the application of growth regulators (IBA and NAA) resulted in the development of best root and shoot lengths in all the plant species when compared to the controls. The results also showed that there were significant differences in rooting percentage while comparing the plants growth, treated and untreated plant species grown in the greenhouse and open field conditions.

3 tables, 26 ref

017439   Solvisabhanay Akam;Lousia M;Mathivanan V;T Ramesh Kumar (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Toxicity studies on the effect of pygidial sectretion (zoopesticide) on the adult male inect, Odontopus varicornis (Heteroptera : pyrrhocoridae). J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 417-19.

Pesticide pollution in terrestrial environment brings about sudden and drastic changes in all the living organisms including pests and insects. Information on biological effects of insecticide compounds and their mode of action are obtained from toxicity studies. An attempt has been made in the present paper to find out the efficiency of pygidial secretion (zoopesticide) on the red cotton bug, Odontopus varicornis. It is in this context, to evaluate the short term exposure effect of pygidial secretion on O. varicornis. The changes in the mortality of O. varicornis was observed at various exposure period such as 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h, respectively. The sublethal concentration was found to be 2.8% for each using appropriate methods. The rate of mortality with regard to exposure to pygidial secretion are discussed in detail.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

017438   Singh S;Ojha H N;Srivastava A N;Tripathi P N (Zoology Dep, K.S. Saket (P.G.) College, Faizabad-224 123, Email: pntripathiphd@yahoo.co.in) : Incidence and intensity of a cestode parasite in common myna, Acridotheres tristis. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 443-52.

Helminthes parasites cause great loss to human beings and to the domestic animals. The parasitic cestodes are simple organism inhabit the lumen of intestine of the host. During the course of present investigation it was noted that cestodes constitutes the dominant group of helminthes, both in their incidence and intensity over the nematodes. The birds are negative for trematode infection. The cestodes infection was studies in relation to the sex and body weight of the host. The cestodes incidence was highly during rainy season and lowest during summer season. The intensity was highest during rainy season and winter season and lowest during summer season. The young birds were more prone for heavy infestation by cestodes. Incidence and intensity with relation to the sex of the host is also established in the present discussion.

8 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

017437   Singh R (Zoology Dep, Dev Samaj College for Women, Ferozepur City-152 002, Email: rms1673@yahoo.co.in) : Ameliorating effects of vitamin E against the genotoxicity of stavudine. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 437-11.

Stavudine, an antirefroviral is most widely used nucleoside analogue of thymidine for the treatment of AIDS/HIV. It is also effectively used in decreasing plasma HIV RNA and for the reduction of transmission from the infected mother to infant. But the outstanding benefits of this drug are overshadowed by the side effects. It produces ROS which causes oxidative damage to DNA and causes liver failure. During the present investigations , the antioxidant status of vitamin E has been evaluated for 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs against the genotoxicity of Stavudine on mice by applying chromosomal analysis and comet assay. Stavudine produces all kinds of numerical and structural aberrations. It also causes DNA damage. The pretreatment of Vitamin E followed by treatment of Stavudine helps in the reduction of genotoxicity of Stavudine.

1 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

017436   Singh P K;Kumar M;Gupta A K;Vajpeyi A;Sharma M K (Zoology Dep, School of Lfe Sciences Khandari Campus, B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra-282 002, Email: manishzoology06@yahoo.co.in) : Changes in hepatic lipid profile during treatment with furosemide in albino rats. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 337-9.

Furosemide is a loop diuretic with high ceiling efficacy. Sulphonamyl ethacrynic acid derivatives have a natriuretic effect. The side effect of furosemide are uncommon and are similar to those reported for thiazide diuretic namely hypokalemia, hypoglycemia and hyperuricaemia. The present study has conducted to evaluate the side effects of furosemide on hepatic lipid profile in albino rats, Rattus norvegicus. Each dose of furosemide was given to experimental group of rats at 40 mg/kg body weight for 7,14 and 21 days .Furosemide treated animals showed increase total lipid, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein significantly (p<60>0.001); while triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein decrease significantly (p<60>0.001). The lipid content of the liver may increase abnormally because the normal function of the liver are impaired due to side effects of furosemide drug on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Therefore, the present findings were initiated to investigate the adverse side effects of simultaneous administration of loop diuretic drug, furosemide.

1 table, 20 ref

017435   Singh N;Khare A K (Zoology Dep, Meerut College, Meerut-250 001) : Diversity of fish nematode-Procamallanus sumusi N. SP. from Meerut region. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 401-4.

Species identified as Procamallanus sumusin. sp. obtained from the stomach of the fresh water fish Heleropneustes fossilis. Nematodes constitute one of the most important group of animals. Some of them were free living in soil, water and other parasites were of plants and animals. The nematodes parasitizing the animals including man cause a number of disease which may sometime results in the death of their hosts. In the present studies, Procamllanus parasiluri tail end provided with three small spines while no such spines occurs in the P. sumusi n. sp. But in case P. slomei and P. mathurai caudal papillae were twelve pairs while in the P. sumusi n. sp. there were only ten pairs.

3 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

017434   Shendge A N (Zoology Dep, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati-413 102) : Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor in Cirrhina reba (hamilton). J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 309-11.

Length-weight relationship of carp Cirrhina reba was estimated and given by the equations : Males Log W = -5.4465342 + 3.1852356 Log L and Females Log W = -5.4252314 + 3.1759259 Log L. The b value did not show significant difference between males and females. The b value computed for males and females did not show significant variation for the isometric value of 3. The correlation coefficients (r) were registered as 0.9833 for males and 0.9733 for females which show a good relationship between the two parameters. The mean relative condition factor (Kn) was 1.01 for both males and females suggests the well being of the fish.

3 illus, 6 ref

017433   Sebastian S;Shukla A N (School of Studies in Zoology, Vikram Univ, Ujjain-456 010) : Observations on fecundity of fresh water cat fish Aorichthys seenghala from kshipra river, Ujjain, India. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 287-90.

Fecundity studies of 35 mature female Aorichthys seenghala were conducted from Kshipra river, Ujjain. The study indicates that number of eggs produced by the fish increases with an increase in the size of fish. The relationship between fecundity with fish length, fish weight and fish ovary weight shows significant relationship. The present study also evaluated the correlation coefficient which indicates that fecundity is more directly related to the weight of the ovary.

3 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

017432   Satyandra;Chaubey A K (Nematology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Ch. Charan Singh Univ, Meerut-250 004) : Effect of culture filtrates of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus fumigatus on hatching and mortality of juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 461-3.

Study was conducted to find out a potential mechanism of root knot nematode management by using two bio-control agents (B. subtilis and A.fumigatus) at different concentrations of culture filtrate (CF) viz- 100% C.F., 75% C.F., 50% C.F., 25% C.F. and 0% (control). The experiment was designed in three replicates of each concentration and single eggmass was kept in 5 cm dia, petri plate contained 5 ml suspension of each concentration and incubated for 5 days in BOD at 28 ± 2 °C for juveniles hatching. After 5 days of incubation counting of total hatched and mortile juveniles was done. Results revealed that the culture filtrates of B. subtilis and A. fumigatus caused high mortality and great suppression in egg hatching at all the concentrations. The CF of B. subtilis and A. fumigatus at 100% concentration was found to be highly effective in both mortality and in suppression of egg hatching and followed by the low concentrations. Thus study indicated that the metabolites released by the bacteria and fungi having toxic effects against M. incognita.

1 table, 24 ref

017431   Sarma M;kalita S N;Sarma K;Dev Choudhury K B (Anatomy and Histology Dep, Coll of Veterinary Sci, Assam Agric Univ, Khanapara, Guwahati-781 022) : Passive locomotor system of the shoulder region of adult elephants of Assam. Indian vet J 2007, 84(11), 1187-9.

Scapulae from 3 adult elephants collected from Kaziranga National Park, were studied and biometrical values recorded. It was well developed roughly triangular in shape. It had 2 surfaces, 3 borders and 3 angles. Scapular spine divided the lateral surface into 2 unequal fossae. The spine showed the uncinate process which was directed caudally. Subscapular fossa occupied the major portion of the costal surface that extended from the vertebral end to the glenoid cavity. The glenoid cavity was almost rectangular in shape. The coracoid process was also well developed.

5 ref

017430   Santha P C;Bhargava S K;Manjula A;Vemanande Reddy G;Hedge C R;Kamble C K (Silkworm Seed Technology Laboratory, Central Silk Board Kodathi, Carmelram Post, Bangalore-560 035, Email: sstlbng@yahoo.com) : Suitable chilling schedule for preservation of polyhybrids silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) eggs. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 321-4.

Layings of silkworm bivoltine polyhybrids such as (CSR2 x CSR27) x (CSR6x CSR26) and its reciprocal of 24 h, 36h, 48h and 60h of different embryonic ages were preserved at 5 °C for 30-120 days duration. The layings were released at an interval often days to room temperature through an intermediate temperature of 15°C and were subjected to HCl treatment with 1.1 sp.gr. heated to 48 °C with dipping duration of 5 1/2 min. The layings were incubated at 25 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 5 % RH and 16h: 8h L: D. The hatching performance of the layings were calculated. The layings of bivoltine polyhybrids can be preserved at 36th to 60th h. of embryonic age at 5°C for the duration of 30-120 days followed by acid treatment without affecting hatching and rearing performances. The brushing date of silkworm eggs of polyhybrids can be programmed anywhere from 30 days to 120 days after oviposition by applying this chilling schedule. More than 94% hatching percentage can be ensured by this method. The hatching performance of the layings subjected to chilling schedule at 24h. of embryonic age was affected and was found to be less than 87%. Hence, 24 h. of embryonic age was not suitable for preservation.

1 table, 19 ref

017429   Prashanth M S (P G Environmental Management Dep, Chh.Shahu Central Institute of Business Education & Research (Siber), Univ Road, Kolhapur-416 004) : Impact of free cyanide on protein level in the Indian major carp, Catia catla. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2007, 17(2), 159-66.

Effects of free cyanide (i.e. Sodium cyanide) on the protein content of the gill, liver and muscle tissue of the fish Catla catla were estimated. Fish were exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of free cyanide (30 & 3 μg/l) for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 1, 5, 10, 15 days. The depletion of structural (gill -50%; muscle -50%; liver -48%), soluble (g - 47%; m - 31 %; 1 -50%) and total protein (g -43%; m -40%; l -58%) was observed at lethal concentration (At the end of 4th day exposure), whereas in sublethal concentration, day lst and 5th exposure again their is a decrease in the trend, but at 10th and 15th day, there was a slight increase in structural (gill + 7%; muscle + 5%; liver + 4%), soluble (g + 4%; m + 8%; 1 + 8%) and total protein (g + 9%; m + 4%; 1 + 4%) was observed in this study.

3 tables, 30 ref

017428   Prasadan P K;Sudha Devi A R (Biological Techniques Dep, Mary matha Arts & Science College, Vemom PO, Mananthavady-670 645, Email: pkprasadan@yahoo.com) : Yellow grub disease in the ornamental fish, Poecilia reticulata (Poeciljidae). J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 405-7.

Yellow grub disease was noticed for the first time in the ornamental freshwater guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae) collected from various freshwater bodies of Wayanad, Kerala. Out of 412 fishes examined, 67 (16.26%), were found infected. Morphological studies on the metacercariae show that the species is Clinostomum complanatum.

4 illus, 23 ref

017427   Pazhanisamy K;Indra N (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Effect of arsenic on haematological parameters of freshwater fish Labeo rohita. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2007, 17(4), 335-40.

Effect of two sub lethal concentrations (1/10th - 0.27ppm & 1/3rd -0.91ppmof the 96hL C₅₀) of arsenic on selected haematological parameters of Labeo rohita were investigated after 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days. There was a significant decrease in red blood corpuscles (-18.61%) and haemoglobin (-25.1%), whereas increase in white blood corpuscles (21.21%) was observed for all exposure periods.

1 table, 27 ref

017426   Nirupama R;Singh R (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore-570 008, Email: ravin_sin@yahoomail.com) : Evalution of polyvoltine breeds of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 341-4.

Twenty six polyvoltine breeds of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori maintained at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore were evaluated for seven characters utilizing multiple traits evaluation index method. Eight breeds viz, DNP₅, DNP₃, NP₁, ND₅, BL₂₄, ND₇, 96E and BL₆₈ exhibiting average evaluation index values of 59.95, 58.25, 55.52, 54.42, 53.68, 53.52, 53.21 and 52.78 respectively were found promising. Among eight identified breeds, five breeds viz., DNP₅, DNP₃, BL₆₈, NP₁ and ND₇ were utilized as breeding resource materials.

2 tables, 11 ref

017425   Navidpour S H;Payekari H;Abdi Goodarzi M; Mazaheri Y (Entomology Research Station, South West branch of Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Ahvaz, Iran) : Goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) by Przhevalskiana spp. (Brauer), (Diptera : Oestridae) in Khoozestan province, south-west Iran. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 325-7.

Infestation by dipterous larvae that feed on dead or living vertebrate tissues for a variable period are known as myiasis, these infestation reduce host physiological functions and cause significant economic losses to livestock world wide. During weekly visits to Ahvaz, Dezfoul, Abadan, Shushtar and Ramhormoz abattoirs (Khoozestan province of Iran), nodules caused by larvae of the goat warble fly, Przhevalskiana spp., were collected from the backs of goat carcase. This study showed that the myiasis rate in Khoozestan province goats is 36. 56%.

1 illus, 6 ref

017424   Navidpour S H;Jahanifard E (Entomology Research Station, South West Branch of Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Ahvaz, Iran) : Tabanidae species in the hoveizeh and shadegan Marshlands of Khouzestan province, Iran. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 313-15.

Study was carried out in order to identify Tabanidae species in the shadegan and Hovelzeh marshlands of the khouzcstan province, south west of lran, between March and November 2006. A total of 74 Tabanidae specimens were collected at these two marshlands that were identified in 4 genus and 8 species. At. karybenthinus, At. pulchellus, At agrestis, T. tergestinus, T. gratus, T. ansarii ansarii, H. pallens, C. flavipes flavipes, C. flavipes punctifer were reported in these area that T. gratus and T. tergestinus were recorded for the first time from Khouzestan.

1 table, 9 ref

017423   Mohanty B R;Sahoo P K (NO, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751 002, Email: pksahoo1@hotmail.com) : Edwardsiellosis in fish. J Biosci, Bangalore 2007, 32(7), 1331-44.

Edwardsiellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in fish. Scientific work on this disease started more than forty years ago and numerous workers around the world are continually adding to the knowledge of the disease. In spite of this, not a single article that reviews the enormous scientific data thus generated is available in the English language. Discusses some of the recent research on edwardsiellosis, describing the pathogen's interaction with the host and environment, its pathogenesis and pathology as well as diagnostic, preventive and control measures.

5 illus, 3 tables, 127 ref

017422   Manimekalai T;Ramakrishnan N;Shasikumar R (Zoology Dep, Sri Vasavi College, Erode-638 316) : Efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki in the control of the egg stage of mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linn 1762), [Diptera : Culicidae]. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 363-4.

Investigation was carried out to point out the efficacy of different concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kitrstaki in the control of mosquito Aedes aegypti egg. When compared to control, the experiment with Btk shows remarkable effect in six hours of exposure period. The data on the egg properties of mosquito, when treated with high concentration of Btk (10%) clearly indicated that it was totally effective.

1 table, 11 ref

017421   Mani C V;Pandey A K (NO, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751 002) : Effect of HCG and wova-FH administration on ovarian maturation and spawning of Heteropneustes fossilis (bloch). J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 317-19.

Broodstock (2 + years) of H. fossilis were given intramuscular injection of HCG (two doses: 25 IU and 50 FU/kg body weight) and WOVA-FH (0.2 ml/kg body weigh!) at weekly intervals for 28 days during June in order to record the effects of these drugs on ovarian maturity and spawning success. While both the hormonal drugs did induce ovarian maturity in the catfish, the response of 50 IU HCG was more pronounced as most of the oocytcs exhibited germinal vesicle migration (GVM) towards the periphery. Though catfishes of the treated groups were bred successfully after 10 hours of ovaprim administration (@ 0.4 ml/kg body weight for males and 0.8 ml/kg body weight for females), the eggs of drug administered catfish were greenish-brown, well-developed, separated and released after a gentle pressure on the abdomen whereas the eggs of control catfish were released in lumps only after a heavy pressure on the abdomen and were bluish-brown in colour. Fertilization percentage and hatching success were better in HCG- as well as WOVA-FH-treated catfish as compared to control.

1 table, 25 ref

017420   Mahto D;Sinha M P;Singh B (Animal Reproduction Dep, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ranchi Veterinary Coll(BAU), Kanke, Ranchi-6) : Prolapse of the uterus in a sow. Indian vet J 2007, 84(11), 1193-4.

A rare case of post partum uterine prolapse and its successful clinical management in a sow is reported and discussed.

1 ref

017419   Lata S;Sriwastwa V M S;Yadav A S;Reeta Kaur (Zoology Dep. Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banras hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Ultrastructural study of pineal organ of Clarias batrachus (Linn). J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 421-8.

Pineal body of Clarias batrachus consists of a narrow tubular pineal sac and a thin and long thread like pineal stalk. The pineal sac has a centra! pineal lumen and wall, which is thin dorsally and thick latero-ventrally. The wall of pineal body is composed of photoreceptor cells, supporting cells, secretory cells and chromatophore cells. The chromatophore cells consist of bilobed inner segments and lamellar outer segments. The supporting cell is present in between the photoreceptor cells. The secretory cells are packed with segregated lysosomes. The chromatophore cells with concentrated chromatophores near nucleus are found in between the cells. The photoreceptor cells suggest their involvement in energy production, storage as well as photosensory function. The chromatophore cells seem to work for photic regulation. The secretory cells indicate their role in the secretion of the hormones and enzymes. Ciliary structure of the photosensory cells indicate their homology with mammalian pinealocytes.

9 illus, 31 ref

017418   Lal M;Jauhari R K (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun-248 001) : Effect of soil pH on the population of migratory nematode Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1971) (Nematoda : Hoplolamidae) on tea plantations in doon valley. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 469-71.

Study reveals the data on the population of a migratory nematode Practylenchus penetrans on tea plantations under the influence of pH. pH 7.0 favoured the multiplication of the nematode than pH 9.0 and pH 3.0 in sandy-loam soil. There was almost the same trend in the growth rate of P. penetrans in sandy-clay soil.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

017417   Lakshmi Rani N;Sreedevi C;Srinivas M (Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex Dep, NTR Coll of Veterinary Sci, Gannavaram-521 102(AP)) : Fatal cerebral babesiosis in a dog. Indian vet J 2007, 84(11), 1195.

The present communication reports a case of fatal cerebral babesiosis in a Pomeranian dog associated with incoordinated gait and respiratory distress.

4 ref

017416   Kushwaha R V;Singhvi N R;Mathur S K; Suryanarayana N (NO, Regional Tasar Research Station, Opp. Sai Mandir, Bhandara-441 904) : Effect of mode of summer preservation of diapausing cocoons on emergence behaviour, mating behaviour, fecundity and hatching in ecorace Bhandara. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 493-5.

Study was carried out to check erratic emergence in diapausing pupae of Bhandara ecorace during summer by preserving them at high altitude during summer. In case of ecorace Bhandara highest erratic emergence (50.41) was recorded at high altitude followed by pagoda (7.23%) and grainage (7.0%). Similarly in DTV erratic emergence was highest at high altitude (41.99%) followed by pagoda (3.99%) and grainage (1.32%). In ecorace Bhandara highest pupal mortality (49.59%) was recorded at high altitude followed by pagoda (19.55%) and grainage (29.5%). In case DTV pupal mortality was highest in pagoda (30.83%) followed by grainage (14.75%) and high altitude conditions (4.49%). In case of DTV pupal mortality was highest in pagoda (30.83%) followed by grainage (14.75%) and high altitude conditions (4.49%). From above it is evident that preservation at high altitude resulted in 100% loss and cocoon preservation in Pagoda resulted in least emergence during summer preservation.

2 tables, 4 ref

017415   Kushwaha R V;Singhvi N R;Mathur S K; Suryanarayana N (NO, Regional Tasar Research Station, Opp. Sai Mandir, Bhandara-441 904) : Effect of refrigeration of diapausing pupae on emergence and mating behaviour of ecorace Bhandara. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 489-90.

Study was carried out to check erratic emergence in diapausing pupae of Bhandara ecorace during summer preservation by subjecting them to varying refrigeration periods. It was observed that pupal mortality increased in refrigerated cocoons as compared to control. Longer the refrigeration period higher the pupal mortality which stands at 71%, 73%, 71%, 82% and 75% in cocoons refrigerated (temp. 5°C - 10°C) for 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days, respectively as compared to 59% in control. The erratic emergence was 4% in case of control and 2 and 3% in 15 and 30 days refrigerated cocoons, respectively. In other treatments no emergence was recorded. Except for 15 days refrigeration treatment no coupling was obtained in any of the treatments.

1 table, 5 ref

017414   Kushwaha R V;Singhvi N R;Mathur S K;Sahay A; Sahay D N;Roy D K;Suryanarayana N (NO, Regional Tasar Research Station, Opp Sai Mandir, Bhandara-441 904) : Efficacy of drug formulation A and B against pebrine disease in tasar silkworm. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 483-4.

Tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D. -a wild insect is commercially exploited to produce tasar silk. It is estimated that in tasar sericulture more than 40% crop loss occurs due to diseases only. The most common diseases affecting tasar silkworm are microsporodiosis (pebrine), virosis, bacteriosis and mycosis. Among these pebrine disease caused by a protozoan, Nosema mylittensis, is the most serious one. Methods recommended for control of secondary infection of pebrine disease has met with limited success only. Present study was carried out to study the efficacy of drug 'A' and 'B' against pebrine disease in tasar silkworm. Results reveal that drug formulation 'A' and 'B' were found equally effective in reducing pebrine disease over control. The mortality of tasar silkworms, due to pebrine disease, decreased by 13.44% and 16.38% in case of drug A and B at adopted farmers level. At RTRS level mortality due to pebrine disease decrease by 18.00% and 7.35% in case of drug A and B. Drug A and B treatment has helped to increase cocoon yield by 14.94% and 17.11% over control at RTRS level. At farmers level cocoon yield increased by 11.89% in case of drug A and 10.48% in drug B. The ERR increased by 1.54 to 5.58% in drug treatments over control. Commercial parameters of cocoon also increased in case of drug treatments over control, indicating improvement in cocoon quality Cost: benefit ratio at adopted farmers level was 1:1.33 in case of drug B and 1:1.51 in case of drug A whereas at RTRS level Cost: benefit ratio stands at 1 : 1.43 in case of drug A and 1 : 5.01 in case of drug B.

2 tables, 4 ref

017413   Kumar D;Sharan S K;Mishra P K;Kishore R; Maheshwari G (Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, , Piska Nagri, Ranchi-835 303) : Effect of fenoxycarb on termination of pupal diapause in Antheraea mylitta drury [Lepidoptera : Saturniidae]. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 265-70.

Troppical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is the wild sericigenous insect and behaves as bivoltine and trivoltine under semidomestic conditions. It undergoes facultative diapause in pupal stage. In the present study topical application of Fenoxycarb (a juvenile hormone analogue) to different age groups of diapausing pupae (day 0 to day 180) resulted into termination of diapause. The response of the diapausing pupae to the treatment of Fenoxycarb for adult development was observed to be age and dose dependent. The response ranged between 95 to 98 % when pupae were day 0 to 150 days old with 1 μg/pupa dose. With 2 μg/pupal doses, response percent ranged in between 90 to 98 %; lowest response percent was observed when pupae were 180 days old. At further high dose (4 μg/pupae) of topical application, response was observed to range between 80 to 90 % when pupae were day 0 to 60 days old and 90 to 94 % when pupae were 70 to 140 days old. Response percent ranged in between 85 to 88% when pupae were 150 to 180 days old. Pupal-adult duration with all the topical application dosage ranged in between 27 to 41 days old when pupae were day 0 to 60 days old. Pupal-adult duration ranged in between 17 to 25 days when pupae were 70 to 180 days old. Treatment of Fenoxycarb initiated adult development and pharate adults were seen. Sometimes, crippled winged moths emerged. Moths had well developed outer cuticular structures, wing scales, antennae and appendages. The proper ovarian growth was not observed, the rudimentary ovarioles were devoid of chorionated or non-chorionated eggs. 20-hydroxyecdysonc (20HE) litre level in the haemolymph of Fenoxycarb treated diapausing pupae attained a maximum peak on 16th day after treatment, indicating its possible role in increased ecdysteroidogenesis.

4 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

017412   Kowsalya R;Ramesh Kumar T;Milton Prabu S; Bhagavathiammal R (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Impact of phytopecticide nimbecidine in the marg's of adult male, Odontopus varicornis (Dist) (Hemiptera : Pyrrhocoridae) in relation to reproduction. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 381-3.

Morphology of male accessory gland appear as transparent short and pear shaped body exhibits a single layered glandular epithelium surrounded by basement membrane and muscular wall. The accessory reproductive gland situated at the posterior median end of the abdominal cavity. MARG's are involved in various reproductive functions such as sexual excitement, mating, oviposiiion, transfer of sperm through seminal fluid and gonodial development. The MARG's showed some marked changes in insects treated with nimbecidine (25 ppm median lethal concentration). In treated insects shows necrotic and karyolysed columnar epithelial cells, decreased nuclear size and volume, clumping of chromatids and less amount of secretory substances in the lumen of the MARG's.

4 tables, 17 ref

017411   Kalita S N;Sarma M;Dev Choudhury K B;Sarma K (Anatomy and Histology Dep, Coll of Veterinary Sci, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-781 022) : Anatomical study on the femur of adult one-horned Rhinoceros. Indian vet J 2007, 84(11), 1190-2.

An attempt was made to study the femur of three adult rhinoceros. The femur was the most massive of all the long bones and comprised of a shaft arid two extremities. The head was well developed facing upward arid the well developed trochanter major was at a level lower than the head. The fovea capitis was wide and deep. Presence of a rough ridge at the proximal half the medial surface separated this from the caudal. The trochlear groove in between the two epicondyles was wide and deep which lodged the massive patella. A distinct sulcus was present on the distal part of the medial ridge of the trochlea.

3 ref

017410   Joshi P P;Kulmkarni K M (Zoology Dep, Amolakchand Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal-445 001) : Effect of insecticide-malathion on behavioural changes in the wistar albino rat. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2007, 17(2), 125-8.

Effect of Malathion on behavioural changes of albino rat has been studied. These experimental rats ( male & female ) were kept in different cages according to sex, weight, age and name were given to different concentrations for 30 days. The rat treated with Malathion showed tremendous behavioural changes and certain infections were noticed like infection of eyes and skin, weight loss, hair loss as well as no parental care was also found . It proves that malathion directly affected the immune system and central nervous system which disturbed the physiological response of rats.

5 illus, 3 ref

017409   Gupta A K;Naresh Kumar;Gupta R;Agarwar S (Zoology Dep, S.S.V. (P.G.) College, Hapur-245 101) : Acute toxicity studies of two synthetic dyes on a freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Sole). J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 349-52.

Observe the toxic effect of two synthetic dyes malachite green and metanil yellow on freshwater teleost, Channa punctatus. The LC₅₀ values and Slope function (S) for these two dyes were determined for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours intervals by graphical interpolation method. Side by side regression equations for all exposure time intervals were calculated. During bioassay studies it was found that toxic ingredients of these dyes induce behavioural change such as loss of equilibrium, unusual lethargy and gasping for breath in Channa punctatus alongwith the high mortality at relative concentrations. Malachite green was found to be more toxic than mctanil yellow.

4 tables, 6 ref

017408   Dongre A;Aherwar M;Sheikh I A;Ovais M (Biosciences Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026, Email: sheikh_irfan99@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of gaba on the isolated scale melanophores of a teleostean fish Rasbora daniconius (ham). J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 453-8.

Studies on Rasbora daniconius scale melanophores from dorso-lateral region and band region were considered, GABA did not induced a concentration related aggregation to the dorsolateral and band region melanophores. Denervation experiment resulted in dispersion of the melanophores of dorsolateral region whereas there was no change in the results of the melanophores of the band region. Phentolamine (Ph), the non-specific α-adrenoceptor blocking agent induced a blocking effect at its higher concentration only on the aggregatory response on this fish melanophores to GABA. Similar was the case with pentylenetetrazole. The blocking effect of picrotoxin on the GABA induced dispersion gives the evidence for the presence of GABA_A receptor. Present studies indicate the presence of GABA_A receptor and there is no evidence for the presence of GABA_B receptor in these fish melanophores.

5 illus, 14 ref

017407   Dinesh Kumar;Mishra P K;Sharan S K;Singh M K; Maheshwari G;Kishore R;Suryanarayana N (NO, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Poka Nagri, Ranchi-835 303) : Larval growth and endocrine events during final instar larvae of tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta drury. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 281-6.

Endocrine events in final instar of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury are different in non-diapause-destined (NDD) and diapause-destined (DD) generations. In NDD a few larvae having 22g of weight gut purged on day 5 thereafter larvae in lower weight ranges (17-19g) also gut purged which is synchronised on 7th day. In DD ultimate instars population attaining a weight of 19g and above gut purged in a distributed manner starting from day 9 to day 16. The pupal cuticle symptoms among neck and thorax ligated larvae on day 5, 6 and 7 spread across the scotophase and photophase, confirmed that the after effects of PTTH release on day 5 and day 6 in NDD generation, were prominent during afternoon and in late scotophase periods. The pupal cuticle symptoms were seen during entire 24 hours period among day 7 ligated NDD larvae. From brain to activation of PG and resultant pupal cuticle symptoms in the abdomen is seen after 18 hours on day 5 but on the following days and gut purge symptoms were seen only after 12 hours. In case of DD generation among day 8 neck ligated larvae gut purging symptoms were higher in late scotophase. None of neck and thorax ligated larvae showed gut purging on day 8 thereafter larvae gut purged in a distributed manner. The second release of brain hormone or PTTH (inclusive of phagoperiods) takes place on or after 13th day in NDD and on or after 22nd day of DD generation. Effects of PTTH on PG stimulation leading to pupal transformations is generally observed after 24 hours in NDD whereas it takes more than 42 hours in DD. Studies helps in synchronization of spinning in A. mylitta.

5 illus, 26 ref

017406   Daniel A G K;Singh R N (Silkworm Seed Technology Laboratory, Central Silk Board, Cormelaram Post, Kodathi, Bangalore-560 035) : Improved methods for detection of Nosema bombycis spores in the developmental stages of silk worm Bombyx mori. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 305-8.

Microsporidiosis or Pebrine disease is a dreadful disease of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. which causes substantial loss in cocoon yield. Microscopic examination of mother silkmoths advocated by Louis Pasteur in the 1870's is still considered to be the most reliable method to detect and eliminate Nosema bombycis Naegeli infection in silkworm by eliminating infected eggs during silkworm egg production. Nevertheless, this procedure still has limitations, as low levels of infection cannot always be detected. In the present study, a series of experiments have been done at SSTL which has led to the development of improved methods for detection of Pebrine spores in the developmental stages of silkworm. These techniques are very useful for early diagnosis of Pebrine disease in the silkworm.

3 tables, 18 ref

017405   Chauhan D K;Kavita;Juhie;Lal S S (Zoology Dep, Ch. Charan Singh Univ, Meerut-250 004) : Mast cells in male and female GLH chicks induced by Ascaridia galli infectiomn and fenbendazole treatment. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 481-2.

Mast cells play important role in acute inflammatory reactions and anaphylactic hypersensitivity mediated by IgE antibody. In the study, mast cells in male and female GLH chicks were studied. The adult A. galli were developed in GLH chicks from Pure eggs. From above parasites eggs were cultured. Low dose (500) and high dose (1500) embryonated eggs were administered to GLH chicks as per experimental design. 1 g/Kg. body weight anthelmintic fenbenzodole was given to each experimental group after fifth day of experimental infection. Mast cells were counted from histological slides of intestine after IS, 30 and 45 days of post infections and post treatments. The mast cells were stained in chrysoidin for 10 minutes. Counting of mast cells were made randomly from muscularis to the mucosal surface in 20 fields. The male and female GLH chicks infected with high dose revealed highly significant increase in number of mast cells. In all the treated groups the number of mast cells were found slightly elevated in comparison to control group.

4 ref

017404   Bhat S A;Nataraju B (Silkworm Pathology Laboratory, Central Sericultural and Training Institute, Mysore-570 008, Email: bhat_shabir2003@yahoo.com) : Comparative study on the virulence of two microsporidia to the selected races of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 353-6.

Observation on the virulence of Lamerin microsporidia (Lb_ms) and Nosema bombycis to different selected races of the silkworm, Bombyx mori were studied and compared. The LC₅₀ (lethal concentration) value of Lb_ms estimated for 20 days post inoculation (DPI) to Lamerin, PM and CSR2 races was 8.7 ' 10⁹, 4.7' 10⁸ and 2.8' 10⁵ spores/ml while for N. bombycis it was 1.7' 10⁶, 9.1 10⁵ and 1.6' 10⁵ spore/ml respectively. The Lb_ms was observed low pathogenic and had 5117, 516 and 1750 times less virulent than N. bombycis to Lamerin, PM and CSR2 races of silkworm.

2 tables, 6 ref

017403   Banerjee D;Mukherjee M;Roy S;Mitra B (Diptera Section, , Zoological Survey of India, Email: dhritibanerjee@hotmail.com) : New records of bee flies from Andhra Pradesh. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 333-6.

Twelve species of bee flies (Bombyliidae: Diptera) are being reported for the first time from the state of Andhra Pradesh and 9 of these species are in fact being reported for the first time from the Eastern Ghats region of the state. This happens to be the first ever consolidated report on the bee fly fauna of this state. New locality records, distribution records, present classification and valid scientific names of the species have been incorporated in this communication.

9 ref

017402   Arachana;Sharma A P (NO, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 110) : Effect of duck fish and chiken fish integration on the daily production and community structure of zooplankton in fish ponds : new observations. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 465-7.

Integration of livestock with fish culture leads to better growth and production of fish even if no supplementary feed is provided to the fishes. This is caused due to high population density of zooplankton, the natural fish food organisms in such ponds. Field data was collected daily, from 21.01.2000 to 19.01.2000, for the estimation of zooplankton population in two completely-integrated ponds (fish-duck and fish-chicken). Significant variations were observed in the total density zooplankton on daily basis. The total density was found to vary between 169 and 736 ind/l during a period of 20 days. Daily variations in the population of significant species were also recorded and remarkable fluctuations ware observed. The present paper brings out some new observations and results on the daily changing community structure and high zooplankton population due to the integration of duck and chicken with fish.

6 illus, 10 ref

017401   Anjum A;Yougesh Kumar;Sharma R;Singh H S (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar-251 001, Email: dryougeshkumar@yahoo.co.in) : Population dynamics and seasonal occrrence of entomophilic nematodes infesting Periplaneta americana a statistical analysis. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 365-72.

During routine course of morphological and taxonomical investigations on nematodc parasites of economically important insect hosts such as Periplaneta americana, Gryllotalpa africana, Hyidrophilus triangularis, Helicopris sp. and Stylopypa sp, etc., periodical observations were also made to evaluate population dynamics and seasonal occurrence of these entomophilic nematodes, Data collected during March 2002 to February 2005 for P. americana is presented and evaluated in this paper. Seasonal variations in environmental factors such as temperature arid humidity has been correlated with occurrence of parasites and analyzed statistically. Periodicities of occurrences were found dependent on climatic variations such as temperature and humidity. Statistical analysis revealed that population density and index of infestation were positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. Incidence % was highest during spring while density, intensity and dominant % were highest during autumn and there is variation in the values of index of infestation during different years being highest in autumn during 2002-03 and 2003-04 and in spring in 2004-05. Whole data collected from all-round the seasons of the years is presented in tabular form and represented graphically.

12 illus, 8 tables, ref

017400   Aher S K;Mane U H;Pawar B A (Zoology Dep, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Ahmednagar-414 001) : Seasonal variations in protein content of freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis (lamarck) from Kagdipuraswamp in relation to reproductive cycle. J expl Zool 2007, 10(2), 329-32.

Changes in the protein content of gonad, hepatopancreas, foot, mantle, gill, anterior adductor muscle, posterior adductor muscle and siphon of Lamellidens marginalis from Kagdipura swamp during different seasons were investigated. The results are discussed in the light of protein utilization in gonadal maturity and drastic conditions. Study revealed that during maturation of gametes in summer protein content increased in the gonad and decreased in the hepatopancreas. However, due to drastic conditions in summer protein content reached minimum in hepatopancreas, mantle, anterior adductor muscle and siphon. During monsoon (spawning) content was maximum in most of the tissues except gonad and siphon. Average protein content was maximum in foot and minimum in gill. Pooled protein content was minimum during summer and maximum during monsoon.

2 illus, 18 ref