021785   Dashora N;Venkatramana K;Rao S V B (NO, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki-517 112, Email: ndashora@narl.gov.in) : Design and fabrication of crossed yagi antennae for dual frequency satellite signal reception at ground. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2014, 43(1), 124-301.

Design and fabrication of two crossed dipole Yagi antennae have been accomplished with an aim of estimation of total electron content (TEC) through Faraday rotation technique from satellite signal in VHF/UHF band received at ground. The design simulations for 3 and 5 elements crossed Yagi were performed by multiple iterations and optimization through a latest version of an established numerical electromagnetic code (NEC). First, design parameters were calculated and then optimization schemes were tailored to achieve the requisite performance from the crossed dipoles. Some of the most important aspects for Yagi antenna, like radiation characteristics for forward and backward gain, input impedance, bandwidth, front to back ratio and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of a typical 3 and 5-element antenna have been analyzed. Following the successful software design, a step-wise precise hardware fabrication was taken up. Mechanical drawings were made for achieving mm level accuracy in fabrication. Also, thin aluminum tubes were used that matched precisely with the designed parameters and lengths of elements. The impedance matching in hardware fabrication was achieved by connecting Baluns of exact calculated lengths and of particular cable type. Finally, RF characterization was performed. Both the crossed Yagi antenna passed the basic tests that could be crossed checked with software design. The results from each stage of this process have been given with analysis and elemental details. This paper will be a practical guide for in-house fabrication and also a ready reference for interested researchers and students for making a satellite signal receptor in VHF/UHF band at ground.

8 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

021784   Chopra K N (Applied Physics Dep, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Rohini, GGSIP University, New Delhi-110 086, Email: kchopra2003@gmail.com) : Hydro Power and optimization of the Power output of the Hydro turbines. Invertis J renewable Energy 2013, 3(2), 125-32.

The field of hydro power is expanding at a very brisk pace, and newer ideas and applications are being suggested by the designers and researchers in this field. A short review note on the concepts and applications of the technology has been presented. The Hydrostatic Dam Installation, Turbine Installation in River, and Tidal Power have been briefly discussed. The power output analysis and the design aspects of the various types of turbines along with their suitability for the particular cases have been reviewed, with a view to optimize the power output, The challenges in the application of the wave power and the ocean thermal energy have been outlined. It is expected that this short review will be useful for the design engineers and the researchers entering the field.

^ssc2 ref

021783   Chhikara A;Malik C (Electronics and Communication Dep, , Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana, Email: larcharchana.chhikara89@gmail.com) : Parameters affecting performance of capacitive micro machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(2), 333-8.

Ultrasonic waves (above 20 KHz) find many applications ranging from medical diagnostic to nondestructive testing. Capacitive Micro machined Ultrasonic Transducers are used to generate ultrasonic wave as they have number of advantages like impedance matching with surrounding, larger bandwidth, good capability to make high frequency arrays, ability to integrate with electronics, low cost for mass production, high pressure sensitivity rapid response to changing pressure, can withstand lot of vibrations and low temperature sensitivity. In this paper five parameters of CMUT viz. Collapse voltage, capacitive change, resonance frequency, spring softening effect and membrane geometry are studied.

3 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

021782   Chamarthi;Someswara Prasad;Magesh S (Information Security and Computer Forensics SRM University, , ) : Application of splunk towards log files analysis and monitoring of mobile communication nodes. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(2), 478-83.

Splunk is installed on a telecommunication sector for monitoring the logs of the different nodes. The main motive behind the development of application of splunk is to find out the phone number of the perpetuator who uses the mobile internet for abnormal things. This paper examines the need of developing a methodology which would help the analyst to tackle the situation and collect logs to prove the crime. Also, this paper puts forward a tool which would help the analyst show the logs in the well formed manner.

3 illus, 7 ref

021781   Brindha G;Kala Y (Information and Communication Engineering, University College of Engineering, Trichirappalli, Email: bebrindha@gmail.com) : Model based synthesis approach for combining ontology alignment methods. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 289-93.

Combining different ontology alignment methods is a major problem while increasing the number of agents in the social welfare organisation. Each agent is responsible for computing mappings with respect to some specific ontology element using a particular alignment method. Each agent should interact with other agents and share the constraints. Interacting agents form a factor graph. Utilities for alignment composed of functions and variables. Agents need to reach an agreement to the mapping of the ontology elements consistently to the semantics of specifications. Addressing this synthesizing problem by using the max-sum algorithm to generate near-to-optimal solutions to the alignment of ontologies Model based synthesis approach is proposed here to improve the optimality of the results of each individual alignment methods.

3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

021780   Bisaria M S (NO, , ) : Uttarakhand disaster- hydro electric projects- a view. Wat Energy int 2013, 70(6), 52-5.

021779   Bhattarai M;Ranjan A;Siddh M M (Chemical Engineering Dep, Jaipur National Univ, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Email: mukeshbhattarai.bhattarai04@gmail.com) : Design of shell and tube heat exchanger (1 shell in series & 1 shell in parallel). INROADS 2014, 3(1; Spec), 236-42.

Shell and tube heat exchangers are extensively used throughout the process industry and as such a basic understanding of their design construction and performance is important to practicing engineer. This paper suggests the optimum thermal design of shell and tube heat exchanger with appropriate consideration of the design variables (tube outer diameter, tube pitch, tube length, number of tube passes, no. of shell, shell head type, shell layout, baffle spacing, baffle cut etc.). This paper provides the concise description and simulation of the key issues that are involved in their design. Kern's method is used to find out the heat transfer area for the given design configuration. It must be stressed that software convergence and optimization routines will not necessarily achieve a practical and economic design without the designer forcing parameters in an intuitive way. It is recommended that the design be checked by running the model in the design mode. This paper is structured on Chemstations CC-Therm software which enables design to be carried out within a total process model using CHEMCAD steady state model software.

3 illus, 29 ref

021778   Banga G S (NO, Bhakra Left Bank Power House, BBMB (PW) Bhakra) : Renovation modernization and life extension of equipments of hydro power plants. Wat Energy int 2013, 70(6), 16-8.

1 table

021777   Bairoja M;Mohammed Sithik M (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, Mahammed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Email: bairojabe09@gmail.com) : Middleware based approach for dynamic discovery of web services in mobile devices. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 137-43.

With the recent advancements in modbile technology and wireless communication like Bluetooth connectivity and Wi-Fi, accessing web services from mobile devices has become a focal point of research. When we use web service, we should add it in the web reference and then call its methods statically. This way of calling web services has lots of limitations. In order to take aximum advantage of the flexibility and power of Web services, the user must be able to dynamically discover and invoke a Web service. We need to dynamically discover and invoke the service because the information returnec from web services can be used by heterogeneous applications which are executed on different machines. Client finds Web Service from UDDI Registry and invokes it directly from web service description language, WSDL. It is difficult for an enterprise user to dynamically invoke the most appropriate Web Service. We interoduce a novel approach for dynamically invoking web service methods from mobile devices with minimal user intervention that only involves entering a serch phrase and values for the method parameters. We introduce a man-in-the middle (MIM) server that provides a web service whose responsibility is to discover needed services and build the client-side proxies at runtime. So client can consume discovered services dynamically.

3 illus, 10 ref

021776   Baghchesaraei O R;Baghchesarael A (Civil Engineering Dep, Azad University, Parand, Email: omidrezabaghchesaraei@yahoo.com) : Analytical survey of structural engineering and long-term resistive environmental elements in an Iranian magnificent palace. Int J civ struct Engng 2014, 4(3), 372-80.

The Iranian Architecture especially in a mason which was built more than 2500 years ago (Persepolis), Convergence structure, architecture 'and decoration are defined based on systematic harmony Using slim columns in this structure, along with special structural and architectural arrangements for column headers to compensate for long spans between columns, are among the main features of this structure. In addition to that, Iranian architects have beautifully blended decoration and structure and by using bull-shaped column headers in whose bowl beams get placed, prohibiting displacement of beams, and concurrently harmonizing between form ,architectural decoration, and structural functions. By investigating and analyzing the columns of Persepolis, comparing their sizes and the accuracy in calculation of their sizes using Pi, and comparing the density of the stones that were used in the construction of the stone columns with sizes of similar concrete columns and the required reinforcement, the quality and durability of a similar concrete structure is compared with the stone-made Persepolis.

4 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

021775   Aurthy Felicita S;Karthikeyan R;Alli P (CSE Dep, PSNACET, Dindigul, Email: sebafelicy@gmail.com) : Abnormality detection in retinal images using unsupervised learning techniques. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 301-5.

Increasing number of diabetic retinopathy (DR) cases worldwide demands the development of a system for quick and cost effective screening of DR. The main causes of DR are abnormal glucose level elevation, which damages vessel endothelium, thus increasing vessel permeability. The vascular anomalies are one of the DR manifestations. Different kinds of abnormal lesions caused by DR. It is a major Cause of blindness in middle as well as older age groups. The proposed scheme involves processing of retinal images for extraction of abnormal signs, such as hard exudates, soft exudates, micro aneurysm. In the proposed work clustering techniques are used for classifying the DR into two classes, namely, normal and abnormal. The Unsupervised Learning Techniques increase the performance of the proposed framework and ensures the reduce in the false positives and false negatives, the suggested framework uses STARE and DRNE databases and endows with reliable method for detection of the abnormalities. Diabetic Retinopathy, Micro aneurysm, hard exudates, Soft exudates, Clustering techniques, Unsupervised Learning Techniques.

5 illus, 9 ref

021774   Arman I M (Najah National University, , Nablus, Palestine, Email: ibr_moh@najah.edu) : Analysis oftwo-way ribbed and waffle slabs with hidden beams. Int J civ struct Engng 2014, 4(3), 342-52.

This paper focuses on analysis oftw-way ribbed and waffle slabs with hidden beams. There are many methods that are used to analyze two-way slabs and the precision of these methods vary depending on method assumptions. In this study, the ACI direct design method is used as a manual or hand method of calculation and the solution will be compared with the analysis results of the three dimensional structural model done by the computer program Sap2000. The moments in beams, slab column strip and slab middle strip will be determined. It will be illustrated that the distribution of moments in two-way slabs with hidden beams likes the distribution of moments in slabs without beams as the stiffness of the hidden beams is small. It is recommended that the use of three dimensional modeling by computer software is the best solution for moment's determination and distribution.

12 tabls, 3 ref

021773   Arbutha D;Lakshmi S (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Tagore Engineering College, Anna University, Chennai, Email: arbutha.d@gmail.com) : Genetic algorithm for path planning and guidance of UAV. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 295-9.

Path planning of UAV is similar to robot path planning. The main difference between robot path planning and UAV path planning is that a UAV must maintain its velocity above a minimum velocity, which implies that it cannot follow a path with sharp turns or vertices. Path planning is the process of generating a path between an initial location and a target location. In this various paths are generated and that path also be optimized by Genetic Algorithm, UAV has to follow these paths in obstacle rich environment, by using MATLAB tool. UA V is to complete the given mission safely to arrive at the given target within a prespecified time is the main objective when planning paths.

8 illus, 11 ref

021772   Ansari N W;Bari M A;Hussain I;Ahmad F (NO, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) : Three dimensional kinematic analysis of the drag flick for accuracy. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(2), 431-5.

Purpose of this study was to assess the effects of biomechanical selected parameters of penalty corner drag flick for accuracy. The best drag flicker of A.M.U. Aligarh, Hockey team has been selected for this study. His age, height, weight was 19yrs, 180.50cm and 65kg respectively. The subject used his own stick approved by the All India Association Committee, India. He took 10 trials of drag flick from stationary ball to hit given target (1 X 1feet) hung on the right corner of the goal post. The two Canon Legria SF-10, 8.1 video cameras were used. The film was recorded on sunny and clear weather at Astroturf Hockey Field during evening training session. For the 3D co-ordinates 18 body landmarks were used to reconstruct the 3D motion using standard DLT procedures. The digitized 3D data were collected from two phase (1) Contact phase and (2) Release phase. The Knee flexion angle was considered for the front foot only. Max TRAQ 3D motion analysis software was used to calculate the selected parameters and statistical analysis was accepted using SPSSv.16, mean, standard deviations and correlation was used to find out the relationship of selected variables of the study with ball velocity. The alpha level of significance was set at p<60>0.05 for all statistical tests. The result was found that significant relationship exist ball velocity with HSB at both phases, EA at contact phase, EV at contact phase and KA at release. Where as insignificant relationship exist ball velocity with ES, PS SA, PA, SV, PV and KV at both phases and KA at contact phase and EA and EV at release phase.

3 tables, 7 ref

021771   Amaladosson T;Gunasekaran U;Narayanan P (Anna University, , Chennai) : Modal criticality index. Int J civ struct Engng 2014, 4(3), 389-401.

Existing reinforced cement concrete T-beam bridge is evaluated using inelastic analysis procedures namely' capacity spectrum method (CSM) and modal pushover procedure (MPA). In this paper, MPA is performed in both the transverse and the longitudinal directions of the bridge structure independently, The capacity curves that represent the response of the bridge in transverse direction for the particular modes of the vibration are generated using MPA. Modal Criticality Index (MCI), a value which is the ratio of the Spectral acceleration (Sa) for demand and the Spectral acceleration (Sa) for capacity is determined. Modal criticality index value was calculated, considering the initial stiffness and the secant stiffness of the bridge structure, for identifying the critical mode. From the calculated modal criticality index value, the critical mode of the structure was inferred to be the higher mode irrespective of the stiffness (initial/secant) adopted.

021770   Ahmed A (Civil Engineering Dep, Stamford University, Bangladesh, Email: aliahmed@stamforduniversity.edu.bd) : Modeling of a reinforced concrete beam subjected to impact vibration using ABAQUS. Int J civ struct Engng 2014, 4(3), 227-36.

3D finite element (FE) analysis technique using ABAQUS is chosen to explore the dynamic behavior of a beam under impact load. A beam, for which the impact dynamic test was conducted by Kishi (2004), is selected to develop a solid element FE model. FE analyses were performed implementing ABAQUS Explicit (2004) programming tool to predict the dynamic responses under the pressure amplitude introduced by pounding a freefalling steel hammer. Thirty analyses have been executed changing different parameters, such as damping, tension and compression stiffness recovery, damage parameter-strain/displacement relations and friction coefficient to choose the best performing FE analysis model. The high accuracy definition is confirmed upon extensive examination of the calculated structural responses of the FE model comparing with the published experimental results (Kishi, 2004).

11 illus, 10 ref

021769   Agrawal V;Chandwani V;Nagar R (Civil Engineering Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: agrawal_vinay_2000@yahoo.com) : Swarm intelligence assisted optimization in structural engineering. INROADS 2014, 3(1; Spec), 173-80.

Nature has been the most trusted companion for human civilization. The escalating complexities faced in the real world problems have diverted the attention towards meta-heuristic techniques inspired by nature. Optimization algorithms based on swarm intelligence fall under the category of nature inspired meta-heuristics. Swarm intelligence mimics the behavior of natural organisms like ants, termites, bees, wasps, flock of birds or school of fish when they act as a collective group. The coordinated and self organized behavior is attributed to the interactions among the individual organisms in the group. The collective intelligence of the group decentralizes the work and guides organisms to follow trail laid down by other organisms of the group to reach the final destination. The activity is similar to finding a global optimal solution to a problem having numerous sub-optimal solutions by exploiting and exploring the search space. Swarm Intelligence thus finds its applications in the nonlinear, multiple design variable problems governed by complex constraints having multiple sub-optimal solutions typically encountered in the field of structural engineering. The review paper presents the applications of some swarm intelligence algorithms viz., Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Bat Algorithm (BA) in optimizing complex problems encountered in the field of structural engineering.

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020821   Yin T N;Gong J;Wang L;Zhang J B (Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China Univ of Peteroleum (Beijing), 102249, P.R. China, Email: ydgj@cup.edu.cn) : Analogy-based model for convective heat transfer coefficient in petroleum and chemical pipe. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1663-7.

Temperature is an important parameter for chemical reaction and the overall heat transfer coefficient is a key parameter for the temperature calculation in petroleum and chemical pipe. Driven by the radial temperature gradient, the heat flows out of the pipe continuously, but the engineers have long neglected its impact. In fact, the heat transfer in the boundary layer can never be ignored. By analogy between heat and momentum, a convective heat transfer coefficient model for petroleum and chemical pipe is established, based on which the overall heat transfer coefficient is calculated and analyzed. The results show that the convective heat transfer in the boundary layer has great influence on the overall heat transfer.

6 illus, 10 ref

020820   Vinas J;Brezinova J;Guzanova A (Technology and Materials Dep, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical Kosice Univ, Masiarska 74, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia, Email: jan.vinas@tuke.sk) : Analysis of the quality renovated continuous steel casting roller. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 477-90.

This paper presents the possibility of restoration of worn contact surfaces of rollers for continuous casting of steel. Permanent effort of steel producers to extend the lifespan of these components requires the implementation of new filler materials or modifying technological renovation processes to reduce the economic costs. This matter seems to be very important for the world leaders in steel production, e.g., ArcelorMittal, Tata Steel, but also for smaller concerns such as Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Salzgitter, etc. Renovation of continuous steel casting rollers, made of X12Crl3 EN 10088-1-97, was realised using submerged arc surfacing technology. Worn surface of roller was machined and surfaced using one interlayer and two cover layers. The quality of deposited layers was verified using non-destructive and destructive tests. The influence of filler material on the tribological properties of contact surfaces of deposited layers was analysed by abrasive wear test. Studies were made in the influence of surfacing parameters on cladding metal mixing (mixed) with base metal and also influence of heat introduced by welding using metallographic analysis. The experiments confirmed very good wear resistance of the applied filler metal due to dispersion strengthening caused by finely dispersed carbides and nitrides in the weld coating. The measures to be taken into account in renovation of rollers using hard surfacing, as well as the development of research in this area were also given. The experiments have confirmed that parameters used are suitable for studying filler materials.

11 illus, 7 tables, 20 ref

020819   Veluchandhar;Kandavel K (PG & Research Computer Science Dep, STET Women's College, mannargudi, Thiruvarur (Dist), Tamilnadu, Email: rajakandiyenphd@gmail.com) : Study of intelligent switching mechanism of band selection for micro scale RF energy harvesting. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2013, 6(3), 135-41.

RF energy harvesting keeps a significant space for gathering a small amount of electrical power to drive specific circuits in wireless electronics devices. This paper presents a concept for band selection in order to provide a fair spectrum management process for micro scale energy harvesting using the RF spectrum. This is based on the associated power of the frequency channels at ambient and busy conditions. The performance of the model is studied with simulations results.

6 illus, 10 ref

020818   Urooj S;Khan M;Ansari A Q;Salhan A K (Electrical Engineering Dep, School of Engineering, Gautam Buddha Univ, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 310, Email: shabanabilal@gmail.com ) : Measurement of thoracic impedance and approximations: a diagnosis technique for clinical utilisation. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1), 61-7.

The purpose of this paper is to facilitate the readers and the researchers about the implementations and applications of thoracic impedance measurements and approximations for diagnosis of several related diseases. In this study, two entirely non-invasive approaches and simple assumptions are taken into consideration to measure the transthoracic electrical impedance and lung volume. In the first method, the fluid volume is calculated by considering a pre-defined curve and anthropometric dimensions of the human thorax, whereas in the second method, the thorax is considered as a cylinder and the cylindrical mathematical standard formulae are utilised for approximation of the lung volume. The thoracic impedance is measured directly by placing the tetrapolar electrodes on the right side of the human thorax. The right side of the thorax is considered in order to avoid the incorporation of the geometrical aspects and the behaviour of the heart. The anthropometric dimensions are taken for six normal male subjects of sound health. With the help of these parameters, the thoracic fluid volume is predicted using two methods. In the first method, the thoracic volume is predicted by considering the thorax as a cylinder and by using basic relations of the periphery and volume of the cylinder. Human thorax dimensions are approximated as height and breadth of the cylinder and certain approximations have been adopted. The anthropometric dimensions are taken for the chest at normal resting conditions and at breath-hold positions. In both the approaches, the difference between the measured and the predicted impedances and volumes are clearly observable.

4 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

020817   Tamilvanan A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode-638 052, Email: tamilvanan.aj@gmail.com) : Preparation of biomass briquettes using various agroresidues and waste papers. J Biofuel 2013, 4(2), 47-55.

Development of a substitute fuel for conventional fuels, such as wood, coal, charcoal and Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG, is important. Briquette production technology, a kind of unpolluted coal technology, will facilitate to prevent global warming and serve to conserve forest resources. The main ingredients of biomass briquettes are agricultural wastes (such as straw, sugarcane bagasse, maize stalk, coconut husks and leaves, groundnut shells and rice husk), sawdust and the waste papers from the municipal waste, which mainly act as a binding agent. Briquettes are very cheap as they are manufactured from waste. They are additionally used as a substitute fuel for cooking purposes and several other heating processes. The experimental work focuses on developing a method to manufacture briquettes of consistent quality at low pressures by employing a wet technique. The impact of process variables like shape, density, moisture content and calorific value on briquettes with different combinations were studied. The usage of briquettes instead of firewood results in preventing deforestation and reducing green house effect. In this situation, briquettes could potentially offer a means of waste management while providing a new fuel business opportunity for the local economy.

9 illus, 13 ref

020816   Siva Prasad J S;Narayanan G (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: sivaprasad.iisc@gmail.com) : Apparatus and method for heat-run test on high-power PWM converters with low energy expenditure. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 359-75.

Before installation, a voltage source converter is usually subjected to heat-run test to verify its thermal design and performance under load. For heat-run test, the converter needs to be operated at rated voltage and rated current for a substantial length of time. Hence, such tests consume huge amount of energy in case of high-power converters. Also, the capacities of the source and loads available in the research and development (R&D) centre or the production facility could be inadequate to conduct such tests. This paper proposes a method to conduct heat-run tests on high-power, pulse width modulated (PWM) converters with low energy consumption. The experimental set-up consists of the converter under test and another converter (of similar or higher rating), both connected in parallel on the ac side and open on the dc side. Vector-control or synchronous reference frame control is employed to control the converters such that one draws certain amount of reactive power and the other supplies the same; only the system losses are drawn from the mains. The performance of the controller is validated through simulation and experiments. Experimental results, pertaining to heat-run tests on a high-power PWM converter, are presented at power levels of 25 kVA to 150 kVA.

19 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

020815   Si S;Wang L;Si W;Dong X (Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Dep, Hefei Normal Univ, Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, P.R. China, Email: sishengzhu@163.com) : Application of wavelet transform-principal component regression method for simultaneous determination of colourants in ternary mixtures using spectrophotometry. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1449-52.

New multivariate method combined wavelet transform and principal component regression techniques for the simultaneous determination of safranine, phloxine B and eosinY using total absorbance measurements is proposed. In this method, the visible absorption spectra of ternary mixtures was pretreated by wavelet transform at first,and then the principal component regression procedure was performed on the wavelet coefficients of the original spectra. The absorption spectra and related wavelet coefficients (both approximation and detail) at different scales were used to perform the optimization of the calibration matrices by the principal component regression method for a comparative study, it showed that the model based on wavelet approach coefficients at lower scale is better than that based on the full visible absorption spectra. A principal component regression multivariate calibration model on the first approach coefficients of the original visible absorption spectra extracted by Bior1.1 wavelet transform, using cross-validation method leaving one out calibration sample at a time to select the optimum number of components, produced a satisfactory result with good prediction accuracies.

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

020814   Shah N (NO, ABB-India Development Center, Vadodara) : IEC 61850 compliant extendable modular remote input output (RIO) units. Wat Energy int 2013, 70(3), 30-3.

Most of the substation and distribution automation products have fixed number of binary input/outputs (IO). Situation arises where additional binary lOs are needed to provide various control and status information to the product. This paper describes an IEC 61850 compliant Remote Input Output (RIO) unit, which works as an IO extension. "Ethernet Based IEC 61850 GOOSE" (horizontal communication) available in RIO makes engineering simpler, faster and decreases the hardwiring inside substation. Further due to modular approach different IO modules can be combined so as to achieve required lOs. Depending upon application need in future, the modules can be scaled down or scaled up as well.

9 illus, 2 ref

020813   Satyanarayana J V;Ramakrishnan A G (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: jvsat29@yahoo.co.in) : Low order anti-aliasing filters for sparse signals in embedded applications. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 397-405.

Major emphasis, in compressed sensing (CS) research, has been on the acquisition of sub-Nyquist number of samples of a signal that has a sparse representation on some tight frame or an orthogonal basis, and subsequent reconstruction of the original signal using a plethora of recovery algorithms. In this paper, authors present compressed sensing data acquisition from a different perspective, wherein a set of sig-nals are reconstructed at a sampling rate which is a multiple of the sampling rate of the ADCs that are used to measure the signals. They illustrate how this can facilitate, usage of anti-aliasing filters with relaxed frequency specifications and, consequently, of lower order.

3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

020812   Rath S;Pradhan S K (NO, CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Odisha, Email: satya@immt.res.in) : Rural electrification planning- a goal programming approach. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2013, 4(2), 83-8.

This paper illustrates use of goal programming, a MCDA model, with respect to development planning for rural electrification.

2 illus, 6 ref

020811   Phadke A G (NO, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA) : Wide area measurements with synchrophasors and their applications. Wat Energy int 2013, 70(3), 11-21.

WAMS with PMUs provide very precise measurements of network voltages and currents, This technology is poised to transform power system operations in all large power system of the world. PMU standards produced by IEEE are guiding the deployment of interoperable WAMS elements. PDC standard is currently under development. Many research projects have developed applications of WAMS and PMU data. More of these will surely follow.

50 illus, ref

020810   Nawani P C (NO, Jindal Power Ltd., Gurgaon, Haryana) : Geological and geotechnical investigations of tunnel and under-ground construction projects. Wat Energy int 2013, 70(3), 34-40.

020809   Naithani M A K;Rawat D S;Singh L G (NO, National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka-563 117, Email: ajay_naithani@hotmail.com) : Engineering geological and geotechnical evaluation of the water conducting system and powerhouse area of Bunakha hydroelectric project, Bhutan Himalaya. Indian J Pwr River Valley Dev 2014, 64(1-2), 1-12.

Water conductor system for the proposed Bunakha hydroelectric project comprises intake for turbine operation, pressure shaft/penstock and tailrace tunnel while shaft type powerhouse comprises turbine floor and generator floor. The components of water conductor system and powerhouse were investigated through detailed engineering geological mapping, geophysical survey, exploratory drilling and laboratory testing. The investigated area was covered by thick soil cover/overburden (from 14.0 to 31.5 m thick). The rock mass properties, i.e., joint sets, weathering grade, RQD, RMR, Q, permeability etc. of the rock masses to be encountered during the excavation of pressure shaft, powerhouse and tailrace tunnel have been analyzed in detail. Core samples from the exploratory drill hole drilled at the pressure shaft, powerhouse and TRT alignment were tested for physico-mechanical properties. The mapping details indicated that the components of water conductor system and powerhouse will encounter foliated gneisses with bands of banded gneisses. The Q values ranges from 0.08 to 6.00 and RMR values ranges from 20 to 60 come under the very poor to fair rock mass rating category. The uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock is varying from 10 MPa to 38 MPa for the foliated gneiss and thus can be considered as R2 and R3 grade i.e. weak and medium strong rock. On the basis of the above studies recommendations have been detailed for adoption during the construction phase of the project and these data will also be helpful for economic and safe design of the water conducting and powerhouse structures.

3 illus, 8 tables, 17 ref

020808   Modi M K;Venugopal S;Narayanan G (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: manijkumarmodi@gmail.com) : Space vector-based analysis of overmodulation in triangle-comparison based PWM for voltage source inverter. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 331-58.

Equivalence of triangle-comparison-based pulse width modulation (TCPWM) and space vector based PWM (SVPWM) during linear modulation is well-known. This paper analyses triangle-comparison based PWM techniques (TCPWM) such as sine-triangle PWM (SPWM) and common-mode voltage injection PWM during overmodulation from a space vector point of view. The average voltage vector produced by TCPWM during overmodulation is studied in the stationary (a-b) reference frame. This is compared and contrasted with the average voltage vector corresponding to the well-known standard two-zone algorithm for space vector modulated inverters. It is shown that the two-zone overmodulation algorithm itself can be derived from the variation of average voltage vector with TCPWM. The average voltage vector is further studied in a synchronously revolving (d-q) reference frame. The RMS value of low-order voltage ripple can be estimated, and can be used to compare harmonic distortion due to different PWM methods during overmodulation. The measured values of the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the line currents are presented at various fundamental frequencies. The relative values of measured current THD pertaining to different PWM methods tally with those of analytically evaluated RMS voltage ripple.

26 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

020807   Misra R N;Nakhasi D;Sharma R K;Sharma M (NO, SJVN Limited, Shimla) : Hydraulic & structural design of 38 M DIA surge shaft & multi junction (Rampur hydro electric project-412MW). Wat Energy int 2013, 70(3), 41-7.

The 412 MW Rampur Hydro Electric Project is downstream extension of Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Electric project and location Shimla and Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The Rampur Intake structure is already constructed as part of tail race outfall structure of Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station (1500 MW). From intake onwards HRT runs on left bank upto RD 484 m and crosses the Satlujriver below the river bed. The remaining part of HRT (out of total length of 15088 m) is on right bank of river Satluj. At the end of HRT there is Surge shaft of 38 m finished diameter, 155.75 m deep which is under construction. An overview of Surge shaft is shown in Photo 1.

4 illus, ref

020806   Malik A;Mohapatra S K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala-147 004, Email: ashish.abes@yahoo.com) : Bimass-based gasifiers for internal combustion (IC) engines. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 461-76.

World is facing severe problems of energy crisis and environmental problem. This situation makes people to focus their attention on sustainable energy resources for their survival. Biomass is recognized to be the major potential source for energy production. There are ranges of biomass utilization technologies that produce useful energy from biomass. Gasification is one of the important techniques out of direct combustion, anaerobic digestion - Biogas, ethanol production. Gasification enables conversion of these materials into combustible gas (producer gas), mechanical and electrical power, synthetic fuels, and chemical. The gasification of biomass into useful fuel enhances its potential as a renewable energy resource. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the techniques used for utilizing biomass, experimental investigation on biomass fuels, characterization, merits, demerits and challenges faced by biomass fuels.

^iia1 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref

020805   Lu J;Xu N;Chen J;Jiang W;Han P;Lu X (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Univ of Technology, New Model Road 5<37>, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China, Email: xplu@njut.edu.cn) : Pretreatment of saline organic wastewater by ultrasound and fenton reagent. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1735-41.

Fenton method, unmodified and combined with ultrasound, was studied to treat saline organic wastewater. The effect of pH, Fe²⁺, H₂O₂, NaCl and Na₂SO₄ on degradation on reactive red dyestuff was explored. The pH value and Fe²⁺ concentration were key factors during the reactions. NaCl and Na₂SO₄ could decrease the degradation rate of reactive red dyestuff by the Fenton and ultrasound/Fenton method; NaCl could especially affect degradation via unmodified Fenton treatment. The degradation efficiency of active red dyestuff dropped to less than 4.01% for the unmodified Fenton method in the presence of 100 ppm Na₂SO₄. The experiment proved that the ultrasound could not only improve the degradation efficiency of Fenton's reagent, but also weaken the negative effects of NaCl and Na₂SO₄. Reactive red dyestuff effluents were further treated by the US/Fenton method. A maximal degradation efficiency of reactive red dyestuff of 98.8% was attained when the pH value was 3(± 0.2), the temperature was 20(± 2) °C, the Fe²⁺ concentration was 13.2 mM, the H₂O₂ concentration was 264 mM, the reaction time was 4.5 h and the ultrasound frequency was 20 kHz. The effluent from chlorobutame manufacturing was degraded with US/Fenton treatment for 3 h after the coagulation process; its degradation efficiency of chemical oxygen demand achieved 94.5%.

21 illus, 8 ref

020804   Lin C S;Hsu Y C;Tien C L;Chen S W;Chang N C (Automatic Control Engineering Dep, Feng Chia Univ, Taichung, Taiwan, Email: lincsfcu@gmail.com) : Automatic optical inspection system for the coupling efficiency of optical fiber with a coupling efficiency contour map. Indian J pure appl Phys 2014, 52(2), 101-11.

This study presents a method for the inspection of optical fiber coupling efficiency and alignment system. The device is applied to the three dimensional alignment of the optical connector module of the standard Intel Light Peak. A coupling efficiency contour map for the relationships of fiber microlens off-axis, tilting, and coupling efficiency is established. The system uses CCD cameras for real-time monitoring. The coupling efficiency can be calculated from the image processing and the database comparison methods. A five-axis precision translation stage is used as the platform, which can adjust the axis offset and relative angle to obtain the case of optimal coupling efficiency. With a novel algorithm, the system can determine the direction of off-axis or tilt in order to search for the best position of coupling efficiency. Finally, the smallest movement of the translation stage can be obtained in the database of the Light Peak coupling efficiency.

9 illus, 28 ref

020803   Lim C S (Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Dep, Hanseo Univ, Seosan 356-706, South Korea, Email: cslim@hanseo.ac.kr) : Preparation and characterization of CaMoO₄ by solid-state microwave metathetic route. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1523-6.

Solid-state metathetic (SSM) route assisted by microwave irradiation was used to synthesize the CaMoO₄ particles in 10 min under environmentally friendly conditions. Well crystallized CaMoO₄ particles were formed at 600 °C for 3 h, showing a fine and homogeneous morphology with sizes of 1-3 μm. The synthesized CaMoO₄ particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties were examined by photoluminescence emission and Raman spectroscopy.

6 illus, 30 ref

020802   Lim C S (Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Dep, Hanseo Univ, Seosan 356706, South Korea, Email: cslim@hanseo.ac.kr) : Microwave-assisted synthesis of ag incorporated MgWO₄ composites by solid-state metathetic approach. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1519-22.

Solid-state metathetic (SSM) route assisted by microwave irradiation was used to synthesize the Ag incorporated MgWO₄ composites in 10 min under environmentally friendly conditions. The crystallized Ag incorporated MgWO₄ composites were formed at 600 °C for 3 h, showing a fine and homogeneous morphology with sizes of 0.5-1 μm. The synthesized Ag incorporated MgWO₄ composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optical properties were investigated by photoluminescence emission and Raman spectroscopy.

6 illus, 36 ref

020801   Kund G C;Mishra R (Fishery Technology and Engineering Dep, College of Fisheries (Orissa Univ of Agricultural and Technology), Rangailunda, Berhampur (Odisha), Email: rmishrafishcol@yahoo.com) : Statistical approach of cost and return of motorized and non-motorized boats of Ganjam coast, Odisha. Asian J Anim Sci 2012, 7(1), 48-51.

Ganjam, the southern coastal district of Odisha has a coastal length of 60 km and the marine landings are contributed by motorized and non-motorised boats using gill nets, seine nets (shore seine), long line and others. The study analysed the impact of motorization by comparing the catch obtained from traditional and motorized boats during the period from 2005-06 to 2008-09. The total fish catch increased by 11.47 per cent. The catch from motorized boats increased steadily whereas that from non-motorised boats decreased. Similarly, number of non-motorised boats operated decreased while that of motorized boats operated increased significantly. Although the CPUE of motorized boats showed an inverse relation with that of non-motorised boat, the CPUE of both motorized and non-motorised boats together showed an increasing trend. The average cost and return of motorized and non-motorised boats revealed that the gross return per boat per annum increased from Rs. 2.7 lakh to Rs. 3.2 lakh in motorized boats and from Rs. 0.9 lakhs to Rs. 1.4 lakhs in case of non-motorised boats and the net profit of motorized boats was calculated to be almost double to that of non-motorised boats. Further advantage of extending the area of operation, diversifies fishing and elimination of physical strain of rowing resulting better health and social life encouraged the fisher youths to go for motorization of traditional boats.

3 tables, 2 ref

020800   Karakurt I;Aydin G;Aydiner K (Mining Engineering Dep, Karadeniz Technical Univ, Trabzon 61080, Turkey, Email: karakurt@ktu.edu.tr) : Predictive modelling of noise level generated during sawing of rocks by circular diamond sawblades. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 491-511.

This paper presents an experimental and statistical study on noise level generated during of rock sawing by circular diamond sawblades. Influence of the operating variables and rock properties on the noise level are investigated and analysed. Statistical analyses are then employed and models are built for the prediction of noise levels depending on the operating variables and the rock properties. The derived models are validated through some statistical tests. It is found that increasing of peripheral speed, traverse speed and cutting depth result in an increase in noise levels. On the other hand, a decreasing trend for noise levels is initially observed with the increasing of flow rate of cooling fluid. It is also determined that there are moderate correlations between uniaxial compressive strength, density and noise levels. Furthermore, the modelling results reveal that the predictive models have high potentials as guidance for practical applications.

7 illus, 9 tables, 11 ref

020799   Jia G Z;Yang X Q;Huang K M (College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Sichuan Normal Univ, Chengdu 610066, P.R. China, Email: jia1689500@126.com) : Mixing rules of dielectric properties of aqueous organic solution. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1844-6.

Many dielectric properties of aqueous organic solution over the microwave frequency have been investigated, their frequency-dependent dielectric properties can be summarized by three parameters in the Debye equation i.e., a static dielectric constant, a high-frequency limiting dielectric constant and a dielectric relaxation time constant. On the basis of electrostatics, rate theory, solution thermodynamics and hydrogen bond dynamics we have summarized dielectric "mixing rules" that describe the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of the solvent organic aqueous solution based on solution composition and the dielectric parameters for the solution components. These "mixing rules" yield good agreement between the predicted and experimental dielectric properties of DMF-water mixtures over all solution compositions.

1 illus, 11 ref

020798   Jia G Z;Yang X Q;Huang K M (College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Sichuan Normal Univ, Chengdu 610066, P.R. China, Email: jia1689500@126.com) : Hydrogen bond dynamic properties of ethanol-methanol mixtures studied by the complex permittivity. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1779-81.

The complex permittivity of ethanol-methanol mixtures, over the entire concentration range, have been measured using resonant cavity perturbation method at 293, 303 and 313 K. The observed values of the permittivity gradually increased with increasing concentration of methanol in ethanol, whereas the relaxation time decreased with increasing concentration and temperature. The increase in the dielectric relaxation time in ethanol-methanol mixtures is attributed to the spatial constraints of ethanol molecules on the hydrogen-bond network, the reorientation processes in pure liquids and mixtures are controlled by enthalpic rather than by entropic factors.

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

020797   Gunes I;Taktak S;Bindal C;Yalcin Y;Ulker S; Kayali Y (NO, Technology Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe Univ, 03200, Afyonkarahisaar, Turkey, Email: igunes@aku.edu.tr) : Investigation of diffusion of plasma paste borided AISI 8620 steel using a mixture of B₂O₃ paste and B₄C/SiC. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 513-26.

AISI 8620 steel was plasma paste borided by using various B₂O₃ paste mixture. The plasma paste boriding process was carried out in a dc plasma system at temperatures of 973, 1023 and 1073 K for 2, 5 and 7 h in a gas mixture of 70% H2 -30% Ar under a constant pressure of 10 mbar. The properties of the boride layer were evaluated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Vickers micro-hardness tester and the growth kinetics of the boride layers. X-ray diffraction analysis of boride layers on the surface of the steel revealed FeB and Fe2B phases. Depending on temperature and layer thickness, the activation energies of boron in steel were found to be 124.7 kJ/mol for 100% B₂O₃.

7 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

020796   Gunes I (Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dep, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe Univ, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, Email: igunes@aku.edu.tr) : Kinetics of borided gear steels. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 527-41.

The case properties and diffusion kinetics of GS18NiMoCr36 (GS18), GS22NiMoCr56 (GS22) and GS32NiCrMo6.4 (GS32) gear steels borided in Ekabor-II powder were investigated by conducting a series of experiments at temperatures of 1123, 1173 and 1223 K for 2, 4 and 6 h. The boride layer was characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction technique and micro-Vickers hardness tester. X-ray diffraction analysis of boride layers on the surface of the steels revealed the existence of FeB, Fe₂B, CrB and Cr₂B compounds. The thickness of the boride layer increases by increasing boriding time and temperature for all steels. The hardness of the boride compounds formed on the surface of the steels GS18, GS22 and GS32 ranged from 1624 to 1905 HV_0,05, 1702 to 1948 HV_0,05, and 1745 to 2034 HV_0,05 respectively, whereas Vickers hardness values of the untreated steels GS18, GS22 and GS32 were 335 HV_0,05, 358 HV_0,05 and 411 HV_0,05, respectively. The activation energies (Q) of borided steels were 228.644 kJ/mol for GS18, 280.609 kJ/mol for GS22 and 294.359 kJ/mol for GS32. The growth kinetics of the boride layers forming on the GS18, GS22 and GS32 steels and the thickness of boride layers were also investigated.

8 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

020795   Gunda J B;Rao G V (NO, Advanced Systems Laboratory, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad-500 058, Email: jagadishas1@gmail.com) : Post-buckling analysis of composite beams: a simple intuitive formulation. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 447-59.

Post-buckling analysis of composite beams with axially immovable ends is investigated using an Intuitive formulation. Intuitive formulation uses two parameters namely critical buckling load and axial stretching force developed in the post-buckled domain of composite beam. Geometric nonlinearity of von-Karman type is taken into consideration which accounts for membrane stretching action of the beam. Axial stretching force developed in post-buckled domain of composite beam is evaluated by using an axial governing equation and is expressed either in terms of lateral displacement function as an integrated value, or as a function of both axial and lateral displacement functions at any discrete location of the beam. The available expressions of critical buckling load and derived expressions of axial stretching force developed in the beam are used for obtaining an approximate closed-form expressions for the post-buckling loads of various beam boundary conditions. Numerical accuracy of the proposed analytical closed-form expressions obtained from the intuitive formulation are compared to the available finite element solutions for symmetric and asymmetric lay-up schemes of laminated composite beam. Effect of central amplitude ratio and lay-up orientation on post-buckling load variation is briefly discussed for various beam boundary conditions considered in this study.

10 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

020794   Ghosh A K (NO, , ) : Recycling electrical and electronic scraps and hunt for concealed treasures. Indian Sci Cruiser 2013, 27(2), 8-11.

2 ref

020793   Devi M;Kannan K (Civil Engineering Dep, Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal-637 018, Email: devimcivil@gmail.com ) : Influence of inorganic inhibitors on the strength and corrosion resistive properties of quarry dust concrete. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1782-8.

Demand of quarry dust for making concrete is increasing day by day because availability of natural sand is getting depleted and it is becoming costly. This paper deals with an experimental study undertaken to investigate the use of quarry dust as fine aggregate in concrete. Experimental work has been carried out with calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate and sodium nitrate as corrosion inhibitors at the dosage of 1, 2, 3 and 4% by weight of cement. The effectiveness of these inorganic inhibitors was studied using various electrochemical techniques such as rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), accelerated corrosion test, A.C. impedance measurement and gravimetric weight loss measurement. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, spilt tensile strength and bond strength in addition to water absorption were also studied and the optimum percentage addition of each inhibitor was determined. Results herein revealed that replacement of sand by quarry dust increases the strength of the concrete; with addition of inhibitor it offers lower permeability and greater density which enable it to provide better resistance to corrosion and durability in adverse environment.

15 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

020792   Biswas S K;Mukherjee S P;De M (Civil Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-32) : Soil stiffness parameter in case of laterally loaded free head long pile. Indian Sci Cruiser 2013, 27(1), 10-9.

In order to predict the behavior of a material the knowledge of forces acting on it and its displacement is necessary. To predict the force and displacement the knowledge of stiffness, which an intrinsic property of a material, is necessary. As soil being an important resource from civil engineering point of view, its evaluation is considered important. Stiffness of the soil in a specific in-situ and loading condition is measured by soil interaction parameter which is the coefficient of modulus of sub-grade reaction, k_b (force/length³). In this paper ah attempt has been made to calculate this parameter, for homogeneous and layered sand medium by numerical study with 3D finite element modeling which has been done by PLAXIS-3D Foundation version 2.1 software and followed by finite difference formulations.

17 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

020791   Bhavani Sankar A;Selvi J A V;Kumar D;Seetha Lakshmi K (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering College, Kovilvenni-614 403, Email: absankar72@gmail.com) : Effective enhancement of classification of respiratory states using feed forward back propagation neural networks. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 377-95.

In biomedical signal analysis, Artificial Neural Networks are frequently used for classification, owing to their capability to resolve nonlinearly separable problems and the flexibility to implement them on-chip processor, competently. Artificial Neural Network for a classification task attempts to hand design a network topology and to find a set of network parameters using a back propagation training algorithm. This work presents an intelligent diagnosis system using artificial neural network. Features were extracted from respiratory effort signal based on the threshold-based scheme and the respiratory states were classified into normal, sleep apnea and motion artifacts. The introduced neural classifier was then trained with different back propagation training algorithms and the classified output was compared with the hand designed results. Five different back propagation training algorithms were used for training, such as Levenberg-Marquardt, scaled conjugate gradient, BFGS algorithm, one step secant and Powell-Beale restarts. Our results revealed that the system could correctly classify at an average of 98.7%, when the LM training method was used. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and confusion matrix showed that the LM method conferred a more balanced and an apt classification of sleep apnea and normal states.

7 illus, 7 tables, 45 ref

020790   Bhardwaj R;Hasan S A;Mittal A (NO, School of Basic and Applied Science, Guru Gobind Singh Indrapastha Uni, Dwarka, Delhi, Email: rashmib22@gmail.com) : Relative energy distribution analysis of carbon monoxide using continuous wavelet transform. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1), 94-7.

This paper deals with the energy distribution of air pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) collected from different monitoring stations located in Delhi, i.e., the Delhi College of Engineering (DCE, industrial area), ITO-Crossing (ITO, commercial area) and Siri fort (SF, residential area), and by a mobile van (MV), which can be treated as mixed location of Delhi used for the period of last 4 years. Also, the percentage of energy distribution of wavelet coefficient for CO has been discussed using one-dimensional continuous Daubechies wavelet, Db4. It has been observed that relative energy plot for CO at the DCE, ITO and SF has more random behaviour and thus it has more light coloured strips (maximum energy), but for MV, the maximum energy has been observed between 300-600 and 1200-1400 data points. The distribution of energy in wavelet scalograms for CO depends on the scale.

1 illus, 11 ref

020789   Arora P K;Haleem A;Singh M K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, H R Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad-201 003, Email: pawanar@rediffmail.com) : Recent development of cellular manufacturing systems. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 421-8.

Cellular manufacturing system has been proved a vital approach for batch and job shop production systems. Group technology has been an essential tool for developing a cellular manufacturing system. The paper aims to discuss various cell formation techniques and highlights the significant research work done in past over the years and attempts to points out the gap in research.

56 ref