018575   Reddy D S;Reddy N G;Anilkumar A K (Digital Mapping and Modelling Div, Advanced Data Processing Research Institute, Secunderabad-500 009, Email: sudheer@adrin.res.in) : Modelling spatial density using continuous wavelet transforms. Sadhana 2013, 38(1), 109-21.

Due to increase in the satelite launch activities from many countries around the world the orbital debris issue has become a major concern for the space agencies to plan a collision-free orbit design. The risk of collisions is calculated using the in situ measurements and available models. Spatial density models are useful in understanding the long-term likelihood of a collision in a particular region of space and also helpful in pre-launch orbit planning. Presents a method of estimating model parameters such as number of peaks and peak locations of spatial density model using continuous wavelets. The proposed methodology was experimented with two line element data and the results are presented.

14 illus, 14 ref

018574   Rahbir-Ranji A (Ocean Engineering Dep, AmirKabir Technology Univ, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 15914, Iran, Email: rahbar@aut.ac.ir) : Elastic buckling strength of corroded steel plates. Sadhana 2013, 38(1), 89-99.

Corrosion makes structures more vulnerable to buckling and yielding failures. It is common practice to assume a uniform thickness reduction for general corrosion. To estimate the remaining strength of corroded structures, typically a much higher level of accuracy is required, since the actual corroded structures have irregular surfaces. Elastic buckling of simply supported rectangular corroded plates are studied with one- and both-sided irregular surfaces. Eigenvalue analysis by using finite element method (FEM) is employed for computing Euler stress. The influence of various geometric and corrosion characteristics are investigated and it is found that the aspect ratio of the plate, the average thickness diminution, the standard deviation of thickness diminution and the amount of corrosion loss have influence on the reduction of buckling strength of the corroded plates. Buckling strength of one- and both-sided corroded plates are the same. In plates with low value of aspect ratio, reduction of buckling strength is negligible. Reduction of buckling strength is more prominent in plates with higher aspect ratio. Reduction of buckling strength is very sensitive to the amount of corrosion loss; the higher the amount of corrosion loss, the more reduction of buckling strength. Reduction of buckling strength is less sensitive to the standard deviation of thickness diminution.

7 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

018573   Prabhu Raja V;Ramu M;Thyla P R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, P S G College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: rmr_psg@yahoo.co.in) : Analytical and numerical validation of the developed structural similitude for elastic models. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 492-6.

Structural model must be designed, loaded and interpreted according to a set of similitude requirements that relates the mode (scaled down) to the prototype (original) structure. These similitude requirements which are based upon the theory of modeling can be derived from the dimensional analysis. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop a scaling law for predicting the response of structures. The developed similitude relations are validated with analytical and numerical methods.

3 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

018572   Poshiya B K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Madhav University, Abu Road, Sirohi Dist, Rajasthan) : Investigate and design an overload protection system for a Power Access Platform. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(1), 4-11.

This paper aims to improve and design a safety device for overload protection of a boom access platform system. It also includes stopping avoidable movement of the cage. If the total weight inside the cage is reached its limit or over its limit than boom must stop working otherwise it may cause damage of boom or a person working inside the cage. This paper is to improve the safety device of a boom access platform. It provides a useful insight of safety devices. 3D design tools have been used to design a platform cage and to analyze it. The outcome of this work will be a critical assessment of the current projection device, bench marking of possible solutions and recommendations for implementation. This will provide the benefit of safety of operator/s, quality of work as well as many other advantages to the manufacturer.

15 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

018571   Paul S K;Hassan M (NO, , ) : New current mode quadrature oscillator using current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA). J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2014, 4(1), 39-42.

This paper proposed a new current-mode quadrature oscillator using CDTA (Current Difference Transconductance Amplifier) as the active element. The proposed circuit uses only two grounded or virtually grounded capacitors, two grounded or virtually grounded resistors and two CDTAs. The functionality of the circuit is verified with the PSPICE simulation results.

018570   Patil S R;Shinde S S (Mechanical Engg Dep, AISSMSCOE, Pune) : Noise reducing Methods for an I C Engine. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(1), 12-6.

Any sound which irritates can be called as noise. As with any occupational hazard, control technology should aim at reducing noise to acceptable levels by action on the work environment. Such action involves the implementation of any measure that will reduce noise being generated, and/or will reduce the noise transmission through the air or through the structure of the workplace. Major noise sources in a noisy portable I. C. engine driven generator set have been identified. The separation of engine combustion and mechanical noise indicated that their contribution was almost equal. The main noise sources were considered to be mechanical in nature. In general, the larger the vibrating panel, the more sound is radiated from the surface. Sound pressure level measurements performed to identify major noise sources in the engine when exhaust will duct away. For noise reduction muffler, silencer, vibration control, barriers and enclosures can be used and should be considered at the design stage. A of method of noise reduction is depends upon the application of an I. C. Engine. Such as for generator enclosure, barrier along with absorptive material with total enclosure will provide better noise reduction than a partial enclosure. In vehicles muffler, silencer is used along with absorptive material. It is advisable and better to consider noise control measures at the design stage itself rather than after the product is manufactured and installed. This paper presents the different methods of noise reduction of an I. C. Engine.

3 illus, 1 table 8 ref

018569   Parihar P;Sharma D (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Indore, Email: er.priyankap@gmail.com) : BER performance of 802.16e with different modulation techniques and channel coding. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(2), 22-5.

Wimax technology is a type of wireless metropolitan area network and is an emerging global broadband wireless access system based on IEEE802.16 standard. It ensures high data rate services with wide area coverage in frequency range of 10-66 GHZ (LOS) and 2-11GHZ (NLOS). This paper analyzes the performance of 802.16e in AWGN channel. Further performance improvement is achieved using channel coding. The channel coding used is Turbo code and convolutional codes. The Performance parameter is BER vs SNR and the modulation schemes used are BPSK and QPSK.

5 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

018568   Panwarl A (Madhav University, , Abu Road, Sirohi Dist, Rajasthan, Email: apanwar84@gmail.com) : Power quality issues, problems and related standards. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(1), 53-8.

The growth in power electronics has impacted many loads that traditionally were considered linear in nature. As a result, the number of nonlinear loads has increased and is expected to increase dramatically in the years ahead. With increasing quantities of non-linear loads being added to electrical systems, it has become necessary to establish criteria for limiting problems from system voltage degradation. This paper presents the power quality problems, issues and related international standards. The presentation is done with giving a thorough knowledge of harmonics, power quality indices, parameters effecting electric power etc. Latest research work in giving different international standards for different type of power quality problems is also been given. This is important for design engineers and researchers in power quality to know the international standards used for power quality.

15 ref

018567   Pan H;Wang X D;Xiao S S;Yu L G;Zhang Z J (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Special Functional Materia, Henan Univ, Kaifeng-475 004, China, Email: panhui@henu.edu.cn) : Preparation and characterization of TiO₂ nanoparticles surface-modified by octadecyltrimethoxysilane. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 561-7.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles surface-modified by octadecyltrimethoxysilane (commercial name WD-11) are prepared via in situ surface-modification in dehydrated ethanol at room temperature. As-obtained TiO₂ nanoparticles are characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The tribological properties of TiO₂ nanoparticles surface-capped by WD-11 as an additive in liquid paraffin are evaluated with a four-ball friction and wear tester. It is found that WD-11 is chemically bonded to the surface of TiO₂ nanoparticles during the surface modification process, resulting in increased dispersibility of TiO₂ nanoparticles in various organic solvents. UV-vis transmittance spectra show that the light transmittance of modified TiO₂ nanoparticles in liquid paraffin (1%, w/v) is over 99%, which indicates that highly dispersed TiO₂ nanoparticles can be obtained. Besides, surface-capped TiO₂ nanoparticles are able to significantly improve the antiwear ability of liquid paraffin, showing promising application as a multifunctional lubricating oil additive of steel-steel frictional pair.

8 illus, 22 ref

018566   Omurlu V;Buyuksahin U;Artar R;Kirli A;Turgut M N (Mechatronic Engineering Dep, Yildiz Technical Univ, Istanbul-34349, Turkey, Email: omurlu@yildiz.edu.tr) : Experimental stationary quadrotor with variable DOF. Sadhana 2013, 38(2), 247-64.

Unmanned air vehicles (UAV) and especially quadrotors have drawn great attention in recent years because of their maneuverability, ease of design and control. Most of the works concentrate mostly on control; yet, design and communication are also some sub-topics. In this research, a stationary, four rotor air vehicle with limited/controlled degree of freedom is constructed so that various control algorithms and their changing effects with varying vehicle dynamics can be studied on the ground for safety purposes. Ascending/descending, pitch/yaw/roll motions can be limited/controlled by setting the vehicle's degree of freedom mechanically, resulting better net observability of the control algorithms on the vehicle's dynamic performance. Design, in terms of mechanics, mechatronics and software is presented and the usability of the system is shown. Parallel self tuning fuzzy PD + PD control is applied to the system for preliminary studies and results are discussed. Inspite of the sensor noise, satisfactory pitch/roll/yaw control is achieved.

10 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

018565   Nesasudha M;Mathew D (NO, , ) : Effect of partial ground plane on the microstrip patch antenna performance for wireless sensor networks. J Elect Des Technol 2013, 4(3), 5-9.

Wireless sensor networks have a number of tiny nodes. Each node has the ability to communicate with its neighbors. The communication range depends on the type of antenna used. This paper analyzes the performance of microstrip patch antenna which suppresses the surface waves from the edges of the ground-plane of the substrate. The microstrip patch antenna is designed using a substrate of dielectric constant εr = 2.2 and loss tangent equal to 0.0009. The thickness of the substrate is 1.575 mm. The feed used in the design is Inset-fed microstrip feed. The frequency of interest is 2.45 GHz. Initially Inset-fed microstrip patch antenna is designed for plane ground-plane. The results obtained for plane ground-plane are compared with those of a partial ground-plane. It has been observed that for plane ground-plane, the antenna resonates away from the resonant frequency but for partial ground-plane the antenna resonates at resonant frequency 2.45 GHz. The antenna with partial ground-plane has better performance than the antenna with plane ground-plane. For Inset-fed microstrip patch antenna, the efficiency is 86.457%, impedance is 32.007 + j.I0352, return loss is -13.171 dB and VSWR is 1.5624. The designed antenna has efficiency equal to 90.7325%, VSWR is 1.03007 and return loss is -36.5875 dB, impedance is 48.891 + jO.9567 at the resonant frequency.

018564   Namer N S M;Abood A N;Jawad L K (NO, , ) : Effect of notch on low cycle fatigue of AA 2024-T351. J expl appl Mech 2013, 4(3), 15-21.

Notch effect on low cycle fatigue of AA 2024-T351 was investigated. Decreasing notch curvature leads to less cyclic hardening. Values of fatigue strength exponent (b) and fatigue ductility (c) for notch specimens were out of range of metallic materials. The SEM examination showed multi-crack origins with secondary cracks and a large final-fracture zone for unnotched specimens, while there was small final fracture zone close to the center of the specimen in the notched specimens.

018563   Muthuramalingam T;Mohan B (Production Technology Dep, M I T Campus, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: muthu1060@gmail.com) : Taguchi-grey relational based multi response optimization of electrical process parameters in electrical discharge machining. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 471-5.

In modern machining process, optimization technique is used to find the optimal values of input parameters and the effect of those parameters on response variables. If response parameters are more than one, Taguchi method of optimization may give different set of optimal levels for each response. In the present study, Taguchi-grey relational approach based multi response optimization has been used to maximize material removal rate and to minimize surface roughness in electrical discharge machining. Electrical process parameters such as gap voltage, peak current and duty factor have been used as input parameters. It has been found that peak current has most influent nature in electrical discharge machining process. Optimal combination of input parameter to acquire better responses has been found with multi response optimization using Taguchi-grey relational analysis.

3 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

018562   Misra M K;Bhattacharya B;Singh O;Chatterjee A (NO, , ) : Portable induction hardening system with new dynamic response based characterization of hardened samples. J expl appl Mech 2014, 5(1), 1-9.

Authors have first discussed about the requirement of a portable induction hardening System which can be easily tailored for variable job-work applications. Such a system is first developed in the laboratory and successfully utilised for hardening steel pins made of various alloys. Later, it is shown that the dynamic response of such a system can be used for hardness estimation as these are sensitive towards the change of the depth of case hardening of a sample. A simple numerical model is also developed to compare the results with experimental observations. The new process is envisaged to successfully substitute the process of destructive testing of steel samples and save material wastage in industrial applications.

018561   Misir I S;Kahraman S (Civil Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Buca 35160, Izmir, Turkey, Email: serkan.misir@deu.edu.tr) : Strengthening of non-seismically detailed reinforced concrete beam-column joints uding SIFCON blocks. Sadhana 2013, 38(1), 69-88.

This article aims to propose a novel seismic strengthening technique for non-seismically detailed beam-column joints of existing reinforced concrete buildings, typical of the pre-1975 construction practice in Turkey. The technique is based on mounting pre-fabricated SIFCON composite corner and plate blocks on joints with anchorage rods. For the experimental part three 2/3 scale exterior beam-column joint specimens were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. One of them was a control specimen with non-seismic details, and the remaining two with the same design properties were strengthened with composite blocks with different thickness and anchorage details. Results showed that the control specimen showed brittle shear failure at low drift levels, whereas in the strengthened specimens, plastic hinge formation moved away from column face allowing specimens to fail in flexure. The proposed technique greatly improved lateral strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, and ductility.

14 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

018560   Manna M S;Pal N K (NO, , ) : Efficiency improvement of permanent magnet rotating electrical machine (PMREM) with permanent magnet material selection. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2014, 4(1), 1-6.

There are many Permanent Magnet Machines available in the market with the different type of PM material. The rare earth permanent magnet material changes the whole scenario of the market. In comparison with SmCo and AINiCO magnets, NdFeB magnets have low corrosion resistance. Their chemical reactivity is similar to that of alkaline earth metals like magnesium. Under normal conditions the NdFeB reacts slowly. The reaction is faster at higher temperatures and in the presence of humidity. In this paper the Finite Element model of Rotating Electrical machine simulated using FEM based software for all the three permanent magnetic materials to find the optimum design for achieve higher efficiency of the machine with same dimension and supply conditions. The comparative analysis was computed for different electromagnetic characteristics viz. magnetic flux, current density norm, magnetic energy density etc.

018559   Mallik A K;Bysakh S;Pal K S;Dandapat N;Guha B K;Datta S;Basu D (NO, CSIR - Central Glass & Ceramics Research Institute, Kolkata-700 032, Email: amallik@cgcri.res.in) : Synthesis and characterisation of freestanding diamond coatings. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 522-32.

Freestanding polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coatings are of immense technological importance. PCD has been grown over silicon substrates by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MWPACVD) process. The coatings are grown by suitable optimisation of the growth parameters of a 915 MHz microwave reactor. Thereafter, 1:1:1 solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is used to etch out the silicon wafer from the backside of the coating. Hereby, freshly generated nucleation surface, could be characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and stylus profilometer and could be compared with the growth side. It is found that both the nucleation side and growth side are of very high quality (full width at half maxima, i.e., FWHM <60> 8 cm^-1). The growth side is (111) textured, whereas, the nucleation side is very smooth with embedded detonation-nano-diamond (DND) agglomerates. These freestanding coatings are successfully laser cut into different geometrical shapes. They are found to be optically translucent having high refractive index. Cross-sectional microscopy of the laser cut edge reveals novel melting features of the CVD grown diamond columns.

10 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

018558   Makda H S;Kothari A M;Avani M;Khyati T;Gunjan N (NO, , ) : Automization in diamond industry. J Elect Des Technol 2014, 5(1), 36-8.

The rapidly increase in the technology in diamond industry makes it possible to cut, shape and polish diamond in the beautiful and artistic manner with less time consumption. But the process is very costly as extensive manpower is required in this technology. The various processes involved in this technology such as cutting into parts, polishing are done by the manpower. Above all the small things like to count the diamond problem is neglected. As the size of the diamond is too small the counting person needs a sharp eye to count with accuracy without any mistake. Thus this process is very much time consuming, as well it may cause eye problem in future to a counting person. Thus the goal of this project invention relates to the problem of counting of a diamond of too small size or to large size. Tools are used in this project are image processing for counting and micro-controller interfaced with displaying the counts of the diamond. The image of diamonds is captured and using matlab in image processing, after the image is processed and the counting of diamond is possible after that the data stored in matlab will given to micro-controller through the interfacing of matlab and micro-controller it will able to be display the number of diamonds counting on the LCD.

018557   Mahor D K (NO, , ) : Roll-off improvement of open-circuited stub bandstop filter. J Elect Des Technol 2013, 4(1), 19-25.

Presents an alternative implementation of a shunt open-circuited stub bandstop filter for microwave circuit. By making use of the proposed implementation, a simple and compact bandstop filter with distinct bandstop characteristics is designed at 1.25 cutoff frequency and FBW of 1.2. This paper also focuses on how to increase the roll-off of bandstop filter by increasing the number of the shunt stub. A shunt open-circuited stub is the simplest band stop structure for microwave circuit design, and roll-off is a term commonly used to describe the steepness of a transmission function with frequency.

018556   Limooei M B;Ebrahimifar H;Hosseini S (Materials Science and Engineering Dep, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Amol, Iran, Email: hadi20ebrahimifar@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of electrical resistance activation energy for cobalt-coated interconnects. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 533-8.

Oxidation resistance and the electrical conductivity of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) interconnects can be improved with a protective/conductive coating layer. In this study AISI 441 ferritic stainless steel is coated by pack cementation method in a Co-base pack mixture. The microstructure of the samples is then examined by SEM and EDS, and phases are identified by XRD. In order to evaluate the area specific resistance (ASR) isothermal oxidation is applied at 800°C for 300 h. Also oxidation at different temperatures (500-1000°C) is carried out to evaluate electrical resistance activation energy. Results show the formation of cobalt spinels during oxidation caused to the reduction of electrical resistance (ASR for coated substrates: 12.3 mΩ cm² and for uncoated substrates: 40.1 mΩ cm²). Also electrical resistance activation energy for coated samples is lower compared to uncoated ones.

8 illus, 29 ref

018555   Kumar N;Dash S;Tyagi A K;Baldev Raj (Surface and Nanoscience Div, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Email: niranjan@igcar.gov.in) : Dimensionless quantities to analyse front and rear wall of keyhole formed during laser beam welding. Sadhana 2013, 38(2), 235-46.

Fluid flow mechanisms present in Keyhole (KH) during Laser Beam Welding (LBW) process influence the associated heat and mass transfer. In an attempt to describe these complexities for eventual optimization of LBW parameters, a dimen-sionless analysis using Mach (Ma), Raleigh (Ra), Reynolds (Re) and Marangoni (Mg) numbers have been carried out. This analysis describes hydrodynamics of melt and vapour phase appearing in the front and rear wall of KH. The non-dimensional hydrodynamic quantities describe the mechanism behind flow pattern present in melt-vapour in terms of ratio of convection-conduction heat transfer occurring within KH. The analysis shows that the higher Marangoni number indicates stronger Marangoni convection in the KH causing relatively higher capillary flow in the melt pool. The laminar-turbulent flow of melt-vapour in KH medium is described in terms of ratio of Reynolds and Mach numbers (Re/Ma). The pressure distribution in the KH accounts for the melt-vapour ejection rate. A relationship between depth and radius of KH has been obtained as a function of delivered laser power.

7 illus, 21 ref

018554   Kulandaivelu P;Senthil Kumar P;Sundaram S (NO, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: sundaram1160@gmail.com) : Wear monitoring of single point cutting tool using acoustic emission techniques. Sadhana 2013, 38(2), 211-34.

This paper examines the flank and crater wear characteristics of coated carbide tool inserts during dry turning of steel workpieces. A brief review of tool wear mechanisms is presented together with new evidence showing that wear of the TiC layer on both flank and rake faces is dominated by discrete plastic deformation, which causes the coating to be worn through to the underlying carbide substrate when machining at high cutting speeds and feed rates. Wear also occurs as a result of abrasion, as well as cracking and attrition, with the latter leading to the wearing through the coating on the rake face under low speed conditions. When moderate speeds and feeds are used, the coating remains intact throughout the duration of testing. Wear mechanism maps linking the observed wear mechanisms to machining conditions are presented for the first time. These maps demonstrate clearly that transitions from one dominant wear mechanism to another may be related to variations in measured tool wear rates. Comparisons of the present wear maps with similar maps for uncoated carbide tools show that TiC coatings dramatically expand the range of machining conditions under which acceptable rates of tool wear might be experienced. However, the extent of improvement brought about by the coatings depends strongly on the cutting conditions, with the greatest benefits being seen at higher cutting speeds and feed rates. Among these methods, tool condition monitoring using Acoustic Techniques (AET) is an emerging one. Hence, the present work was carried out to study the stability, applicability and relative sensitivity of AET in tool condition monitoring in turning.

32 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

018553   Kruczynski S W;Orlinski P (Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Institute of Vehicle, Warsaw Univ of Technology, Narbutta Str. 84, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland, Email: p.orlinski@simr.pw.edu.pl) : Combustion of methyl esters of various origins in the agricultural engine. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 483-91.

Paper discusses the issues concerning the methyl ester mixtures of various origins in terms of using these mixtures as self-contained biofuels or components of a fuel intended for use in compression-ignition engines used in the means of transport. The selected physical and chemical parameters of the chosen mixtures have been compared to the requirements of the EN 14214 standard specified for the rape oil acid methyl ester (RME). The tests have been carried out at an engine test bed with 1104C-44 PERKINS engine and allowed for determining the influence of methyl esters on the most important parameters characterising the combustion processes as well as the emission of the toxic components of the exhaust gas. The combustion process was assessed on the basis of the experimentally measured pressure in the combustion chamber. Increase in pressure and heat release characteristics are determined. Also share of the kinetic (premixed) and diffusion phases in the entire combustion process for all tested fuels are determined. The results for various mixtures are obtained under the same engine operating conditions and are referenced to the results for the standard hydrocarbon diesel fuel. The emission of toxic gases are determined in accordance with ISO 8178, based on the concentration of the exhaust gas components measured with AVL CEB II and smokemeter AVL DIGAS.

10 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

018552   Krishnan V;Sureshkumar N (NO, , ) : Novel design for power reduction in arithmetic circuits using MTCMOS technology. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2014, 4(1), 1-7.

In CMOS logic circuits, the reduction in the threshold voltage due to voltage scaling leads to increase in the subthreshold leakage current and hence static power dissipation. Although power consumption is important for modern VLSI design, operation speed and occupied area are still the main requirements of the VLSI design. Multi threshold voltage CMOS (MTCMOS) technology is a good solution which provides a high performance and low-power design without any area overhead. MTCMOS technology provides the transistors that have low, normal and high threshold voltage. The low-threshold voltage transistors are used to reduce the propagation delay time in the critical path, the high-threshold voltage transistors are used to reduce the power consumption in the shortest path. This paper describes a low-power and high speed design for full adder, full subtracter and 4x4 carry save multiplier circuits with Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) technology using Microwind EDA tool.

018551   Khaimulla M;Rao G S;Nagaraju D;Shashavali P (NO, , ) : Generalized PWM algorithm for three phase n-level voltage source inverter fed AC drives. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(12), 86-91.

This paper presents space vector based pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for voltage source inverters fed AC drives by using the concept of offset time. To reduce the harmonic distortion and to increase the dc bus utilization of the inverter when compared with the sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) algorithm, this paper has been focused on the implementation of space vector based PWM algorithm. The proposed PWM algorithm have been developed by using the instantaneous phase voltages and hence reduce the complexity involved in the conventional space vector approach. Moreover the proposed algorithm can be easily extended to multilevel inverters. To validate the proposed algorithm, numerical simulation studies and THD analysis has been carried out on v/f controlled induction motor drive and results are presented.

12 illus, 12 ref

018550   Kavicharan M;Murthy N S;Rao N B (NO, , ) : FDTD-based time domain analysis of CMOS gate driven interconnects. J Elect Des Technol 2014, 5(1), 16-21.

Accurate time domain analysis of CMOS gate driven interconnects is important for the design and analysis of high performance VLSI systems. Conventionally, CMOS driver is approximated as a constant resistance instead of non-linear and time-varying MOS resistance, which causes inaccurate modeling of CMOS driver. This paper presents a new method for FDTD-based transient analysis of CMOS gate driven interconnect line using a generalized model. The generalized model of CMOS inverter includes non-linear effects such as carrier's velocity saturation effect of short channel devices, while distributed interconnect RLC model is analyzed using conventional FDTD with second order accuracy. The simulation results of the proposed method are in good agreement with LTspice results and considerable savings in CPU computation time is observed.

018549   Kaushik K;Sharma A K;Rishi Kumar (NO, , ) : Comparative analysis of beam-to-column end-plate bolted, riveted and welded connections. J expl appl Mech 2013, 4(3), 1-4.

This piece of work aims at the modeling and using the finite-element method approach (FEM) to analyze the structures with bolted, riveted and welded column to beam end-plate connection in the structural steel framework subjected to static loading. A detailed 3D simulation model of the bolted, riveted and welded beam-to-column end-plate connections is constructed in PRO-E wildfire version 5.0 and it is analyzed in the ANSYS workbench version 14.0 to obtain their behaviors. The end-plate connection is chosen for its complexity in the analysis and behavior due to the number of connection components and their inheritable behavior. The solid elements, bonded contacts, and the bolt pretension are included to obtain the behavior of the structures. The results of bolted, riveted and welded models are compared and analyzed for the best connection method of joining the members through end plate in the structural steel framework. The fatigue behavior of the connections is also presented.

018548   Kamanehazari H;Tadbiri E (Structural Engineering Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Shabestar, Email: hkamaneh@iaushab.ac.ir) : Behavior of high strength concrete (HSC) reinforced beam with GFRP bars using plastic damaged concrete model. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2013, 2(3), 272-6.

Reinforced concrete structures consists of two main components and the behavior of these structures influenced by gender and material properties, in order to investigate the behavior of concrete reinforced beam that most important flexural element in reinforced concrete structures, we chosen High Strength Concrete (HSC) for concrete and GFRP and steel bars for reinforcement. For compare the new beam element (high strength concrete and GFRP bars), with general beam (general concrete and steel bars) finite element software ABAQUS used, therefore flexural beam models in this software after simulation and analysis, the results shows that the stress in this elements are reduced.

7 illus, 7 tables, 4 ref

018547   Jaysing G P;Joshi D A (Civil Engineering Dep, Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Engineering & Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: gordepravin86@gmail.com) : Review on application of basalt fiber in civil engineering. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(12), 54-8.

Use of fiber reinforced polymer in civil engineering is increasing rapidly. Various types of fibers are used such as glass, carbon, aramid, steel and basalt. Basalt fiber is formed by melting of basalt rocks, which are being applied in construction industry for various purposes. The various experimental investigations for determination of properties of basalt fibers are discussed in present work. This paper, reviews in detail the application of basalt fiber in civil engineering field.

1 table, 16 ref

018546   Hemrajani N; (Head (SCE), JECRCU, , Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: navee.hemrajani@jecrcu.edu.in) : A sustainable approach for analyzing load testing tools. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(1), 17-24.

Software testing is a process used to identify the correctness, completeness and quality of developed computer software. Although crucial to software quality and widely deployed by programmer and testers, software testing still remains an art, due to limited understanding of the principles of software. The objective of this research paper is to evaluate and analyze the performance of some testing tools and compare them to determine their effectiveness and reliability, used in software testing. In this research paper, two testing tools: WAPT and NEOLOAD are described, Which are implemented on a web application. WAPT is a load, stress testing tool that provides an easy to use & cost effective way to test any website. Whereas, the NEOLOAD is a tool that measures performance and behavior of the system under load. The performance of these testing tools is evaluated and compared and their results will help in adoption and usage of these tools.

8 ref

018545   Hazarika D (NO, , ) : Use of single time reference measurements of bus variable in the determination of voltage instability condition of a power system. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2014, 4(1), 24-30.

The paper describes a measurement based voltage stability index for monitoring of voltage stability condition of a power system. For this purpose, it is required to measure the voltage and reactive power of a target/selected (bus under investigation) along with the yoltages of the other buses connected to the target/selected bus for a single time instant. These measurements and transmission line parameters for the lines connected to the target/selected bus are used to determine the voltage stability index for the target/selected bus. The validity and applicability of the proposed method has been established through simulation on IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus system.

018544   Gupta S;Paramjit Kaur (Electrical Engineering Dep, NRI Institute of Information Science and Technology, Bhopal, Email: santoshi.gupta25@gmail.com) : Review paper on dynamic voltage restorer for power quality improvement. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(12), 31-6.

Problem of voltage sags and Swells and its severe impact on sensitive loads is well known. To solve this problem, custom power devices are used. One of those devices is the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), which is one of the most efficient and effective modern custom power devices used in power distribution networks. This paper described DVR principles and voltage correction methods for balanced and/or unbalanced voltage sags and swells in a distribution system. Simulation results were presented to illustrate and understand the performances of DVR under voltage sags/swells conditions. The results obtained by simulation using MATLAB confirmed, which significantly affect the quality of power supplies.

^iia9 illus, 7 ref

018543   Gupta A K;Subodh Kumar (NO, , ) : Effect of exponential temperature variation on vibration of orthotropic rectangular plate whose thickness varies parabolically in both directions. J expl appl Mech 2013, 4(2), 1-8.

Simple model presented here is to study the exponentially thermal effect on vibration of orthotropic rectangular plate having bi-direction parabolically varying thickness having clamped boundary conditions on all the four edges, Rayleigh Ritz method is used to evaluate the frequency parameter. The two-dimensional thickness variation is taken as the Cartesian product of parabolic variations along the two concurrent edges of the plate. Yet the method used for the solution of present problem provides an approximate solution but it is quite convenient and authentic one. A two-term deflection function is used and frequency corresponding to first two modes of vibration is calculated for different values of temperature gradient and two taper constants.

018542   Goswami S (Guest Faculty E.I. & C.E. Dep, Govt. Engineering College Bikaner, Bikaner, Rajasthan) : Energy harvesting using piezoelectric mems/nano generators. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(2), 39-53.

In this Paper, an introduction is presented about the Energy Harvesting Technologies. Energy Harvesting Technology has potential for powering Nano systems. Authors mainly introduced the piezoelectric Nano Generators using aligned ZnO, and AIN nanowire array. Nano systems are remote devices and their small size allows them to be integrated into most common application area. This project eases in processing and potential for on-chip integration. In MEMS scale the array of Piezo-electric can be placed on the same die. Theoretical results of scaling predict that raw power output and even power per unit volume will decrease with sealing. This indicates that a single large generator, taking up the same area as several small generators, would produce a noticeably larger power output. This is a potential technology for converting mechanical movement energy, vibration energy, and hydraulic energy into electric energy for self-powered Nano systems.

11 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

018541   Giridhar M S;et. al. (Laboratory for Electro Optic Systems, Indian Space Research Organisation, 1st Cross, 1st Stage Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore-560 058, Email: giri@leos.gov.in) : Design, fabrication, testing and packaging of a silicon micromachined radio frequency microelectromechanical series (RF MEMS) switch. Sadhana 2013, 38(2), 297-316.

RF characterization and packaging of a single pole single throw (SPST) direct contact microelectromechanical (MEMS) series radio frequency (RF) switch is reported. Precise thickness of the silicon MEMS structure is achieved using a specially developed silicon Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) thinning process. A stress free release process is employed which ensures a high yield of released microstructures. The design of the device is based on stiffness equations derived from first principles. Displacement of the actuator under applied field is measured to confirm electrostatic pull in, which occurs in the 30-50 V range. The variation of contact resistance with time has been measured and is found to have a power law decay, in agreement with theoretical models. At the bare die level the insertion loss, return loss and the isolation of the switch were measured to be -0.43 dB, -25 dB and -21 dB, respectively at 10 GHz. The devices were packaged in commercially available RF packages and mounted in alumina boards for post package characterization. Due to the presence of bond wires in the signal path of the packaged devices, the RF performance was found to degrade at high frequencies. However, losses were measured to be at acceptable levels up to 2 GHz. Factors contributing to insertion loss at the die and package device levels are discussed in detail with possible solutions.

11 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

018540   George T J;Sharma A K;Pradeep Kumar (NO, , ) : Experimental study and simulation on microwave drilling of metals and glasses. J expl appl Mech 2014, 5(1), 10-19.

Microwave heating is being developed to apply for a variety of engineering applications in the last few years due to some special advantages of using microwave. Presents a study on attempting microwave drilling of materials especially metals, as metal processing with microwave was a difficult task due to reflection of microwaves by metals at room temperature. A special fixture was developed to study the microwave drilling on metals and non metals and tests were conducted on Aluminium, Copper, Mild steel and Borosilicate glass inside a domestic microwave oven. Metals were drilled with microwave hybrid heating and glass was drilled with plasma generated through microwave. The specimens were characterised through SEM and simulations were done on microwave heating of metals and glass in a similar environment to drilling.

018539   Gautam P P (Civil Engineering Dep, Madhav University, Abu Road, Sirohi Dist, Rajasthan, Email: gautampharshita@gmail.com) : Planning of residential & Industrial Construction Technology. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(1), 46-8.

The Construction Technology will raise the sector to a higher world beating level of performance and competitiveness. This will be achieved by analysing the major challenges that the sector faces in terms of society, sustain ability and technological development. Research and innovation strategies will be developed to meet these challenges engaging with and mobilising the wide range of leading skills, expertise and talent available to us within our industry over the coming decades, in order to meet the needs of the Society.

21 ref

018538   Gao L;Shi J (Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China Univ of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, Email: gaolianxin@163.com) : Experimental and analytical studies on the pullout strength of round thread casing connections. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 497-503.

Pullout failure is one of the primary failure modes of API round thread casing connections. Make-up torque and thread tolerances are the two most important factors that can affect the pullout strength. In this paper, the pull-out failure process and mechanism are studied using the finite element analysis (FEA) method. In addition, the effects of make-up torque and thread tolerances on the pullout strength of API round thread connections are analyzed. The FEA results are validated through tension tests on a total of 34 pins and 17 couplings. The results show that pull-out failure initially occurs at the first and second teeth near the coupling end. At the same time, thread tolerances especially unmatched taper have notable effect on pullout strength. The tests show that higher make-up torque levels are beneficial to the pullout strength. Make-up torque 15-20% higher than the maximum API limit is recommended when round thread casing connections are used in oilfield.

7 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

018537   Esendemir U;Onduructi A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Suleyman Demirel Univ, Isparta 32260, Turkey, Email: umranesendemir@sdu.edu.tr) : Effect of seawater on pin-loaded joint with clearance woven-glass-epoxy composite. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 519-54.

Experimental study of the bearing strength, failure modes, geometrical parameters of prepreg composite blanks with clearance is presented in this paper. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of seawater on the structural properties of prepreg composite materials. Two different geometrical parameters are investigated during analysis. The ratio of edge-distance-to-hole diameter (E/D) and the ratio of the specimen width-to-hole-diameter (W/D) are systematically varied. The specimens are kept into seawater having 3.8% of salt in a closed plastic container indoor for 1 and 2 months at room temperature. The experimental results obtained from the specimens kept into seawater are compared of control specimens that are not immersed in seawater. Corresponding failure modes and loads are defined. The results show that while the value of bearing strength decreases with the increase of immersing period, the failure modes for all configurations are the same. Also, it is observed that the unimmersed specimens had higher failure loads than the immersed specimens.

6 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

018536   Dimon S (Monash University, VIC, , Australia, Email: steve.dimon3@gmail.com) : Design of Micro Opto-Mechatronics System. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(1), 1-3.

The basic assumption for the design of mechatronic devices is the acquisition by the device itself which is responsible for the lower levels of the process (task) to allow the user to focus on higher-order functions. Mechatronic device structure can be considered at two levels: abstract, consisting of the conjunction of partial functions of the main function device and the speific plane, consisting of the combined structural parts and assemblies, which are natural varriers of various functions involved. The integration of mechatronic device structure is a result of links among `smart' teams which communicate and cooperate. The linking mechanical structure, sensors, actuators and information processing occur as a result of mass flow of streams of energy and information.

6 ref

018535   Dikmen F;Bayraktar M;Guclu R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Yildiz Technical Univ, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey, Email: mbarut@yildiz.edu.tr) : Dynamic analysis of rail vehicle axle. Sadhana 2013, 38(2), 265-80.

In order to obtain the dynamic forces on the passenger coach axle, a full rail vehicle model with 19-dof (degrees of freedom) has been considered. For a specific example, the variations of these dynamic forces with velocity of the passenger coach, suspension characteristics and way conditions have been examined. Dynamic forces found in the resonance regions at the range of 2-5 m/s (7.2-18 km/h) has been discussed. Theoretical results obtained for the dynamic forces have been successfully compared with the experimental results of German Railways (Deutsche Bahn-DB).

8 illus, 14 ref

018534   Demi E;Callioglu H;Sayer M (Mechatronics Engineering Dep, Engineering Faculty, Pamukkale Univ, Kinikli Campus, 20070 Denizli, Turkey, Email: edemir@pau.edu.tr) : Free vibration of symmetric FG sandwich timoshenko beam with simply supported edges. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 515-21.

In this study, free vibration behaviors of a multilayered symmetric sandwich beam made of functionally graded materials are investigated. The material properties of the functionally graded sandwich beam are assumed to vary through the thickness according to the power and exponential laws. In order to provide this, fifty layered beam is considered. Each layer is isotropic and homogeneous although the volume fractions of the constituents of the layers are different. The effect of variation of mass density is also taken into account in addition to Young's modulus by using mixture rules and laminate theory. Furthermore, natural frequencies are computed for simply-supported boundary conditions of FG sandwich beam using theoretical procedure based on Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli theorems. The effects of slenderness ratio and power index are also discussed. Finally, the obtained results are compared with the reported studies and ANSYS⊗ and found to be consistent with each other.

5 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

018533   Deaconu A;Ciurea E (Mathematics and Computer Science Dep, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Transilvania Brasov Univ, Brasov, Iuliu Maniu st. 50, Romania, Email: a.deaconu@unitbv.ro) : Inverse feasibility problems of the inverse maximum flow problems. Sadhana 2013, 38(2), 199-209.

Linear time method to decide if any inverse maximum flow (denoted General Inverse Maximum Flow problems (IMFG)) problem has solution is deduced. If IMFG does not have solution, methods to transform IMFG into a feasible problem are presented. The methods consist of modifying as little as possible the restrictions to the variation of the bounds of the flow. New inverse combinatorial optimization problems are introduced and solved.

11 ref

018532   Chil-Chyuan K;Sheng-Jie S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Ming Chi Univ of Technology No. 84, Gungjuan Road, Taishan Dist. New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, Email: jacksonk@mail.mcut.edu.tw) : Simple method for improving surface quality of rapid prototype. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(6), 465-70.

Rapid prototyping (RP) process is inherently performed by layered manufacturing. The surface finish of the RP part is inevitably excessively rough. In this study, aluminum filled epoxy resin is used as a filler to improve surface quality of wax injection tool fabricated by fused deposition modeling. The average surface roughness of wax patterns can be drastically reduced from 1710 μm to 276 μm. Surface roughness improvement of up to 83.85% can be achieved. Expected advantages of this technique include simple manufacturing process, low manufacturing cost, flexible process capability and good dimensional accuracy.

14 illus, 20 ref

018531   Chaurasia D;Ahirwar S (NO, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: dilip1310@gmail.com) : A review on wireless electricity transmission techniques. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2013, 2(4), 298-300.

Wireless electricity transmission is one of the emerging fields of engineering. The requirement of such technology is increasing as the applications of mobile devices, because these devices requires frequent recharging and wired connection limits its immovability and adds unconvincing wiring. Since the wireless power transmission combines many theories and explained by many methods, this paper discusses the different methods used for the wireless electicity.

17 ref

018530   Chauhan A K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur-228 118, Email: aknitpmt@rediffmail.com) : Cavitation erosion resistance of 13/4 and 21-4-N steels. Sadhana 2013, 38(1), 25-35.

Nitrogen strengthened austenitic stainless steel (termed as 21-4-N steel) in as cast and hot rolled conditions has been investigated as an alternative to 13/4 steel (termed as CA6NM) to overcome the problems of cavitation erosion in hydro turbine underwater parts. The cavitation erosion of 21-4-N and 13/4 steels was investigated by means of an ultrasonic vibration processor. The cavitation erosion is highly dependent on microstructure and mechanical properties. The results show that hot rolled 21-4-N steel is more cavitation erosion resistant than the 13/4 and 21-4-N steels in as cast condition. The eroded surfaces were analysed through optical microscope and scanning electron microscope for study of erosion mechanisms.

8 illus, 2 tables, 16 erf

018529   Chakraborty O;Sharma D;Reddy K O;Pandey K M (Mech. Engg. Dep, NIT, Silchar, Assam, Email: oveepsac@gmail.com) : CFD analysis of cavity based combustion of hydrogen at mach number 1.4. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2014, 1(3), 126-33.

This work involves an application of computational fluid dynamics to a problem associated with the flow in the combustor region of a supersonic combustion ramjet engine (Scramjet). The CFD analysis of the combustion process of a scramjet engine having wall injector at different position on the wall of the combustion nozzle with single cavity and double cavity for L/D ratio 10. The main objective of this work is to design the combustion chamber model by using GAMBIT software, study the combustion processes of Air-Fuel (H2) mixture for the wall injector models with inlet air at Mach number 1.4 and inlet fuel at Mach number 1.4. There are several key issues that must be considered in the design of an efficient combustion chamber of a rocket engine. The main objective of this analysis is to compare the various two-dimensional cavity based models. Numerical results are obtained with the FLUENT software shows that duel cavity based combustor model is found to have good overall agreement with results obtained from literature reviews. To delineate the purely fluid dynamic effects, the flow is treated as non-reacting. The grid independent test was also carried out for better accurate results. The various profiles of static pressure, static temperature at various locations of the flow field are presented. Some discrepancies were observed for static pressure and static temperature in the vicinity of the jets due to unsteadiness in the shock system. The both, air intake and the Hydrogen injection are at same Mach speed. It is observed that a maximum temperature of 1340K can be achieved with injection of Hydrogen at mach 1.4 speed and two cavity nozzle of combustion.

6 illus, 49 ref

018528   Blagojevic V;Seslija D;Stojiljkovic M;Dudic S (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Nis Univ, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia, Email: vlada@masfak.ni.ac.rs) : Efficient control of servo pneumatic actuator system utilizing by-pass valve amd digital sliding mode. Sadhana 2013, 38(2), 187-97.

Issue of energy saving nowadays is very crucial. Pneumatic systems, constituting an important segment of almost every industry, represent large energy consumers. Also, a significant problem with servo pneumatic actuators is achieving accuracy in positioning. The higher the positioning accuracy, the higher the compressed air consumption is. This paper presents a new solution of the positioning control algorithm which unifies digital control of variable structure and sliding working mode and inter chamber cross-flow. The experiments demonstrated that this control algorithm provides a satisfactory positioning accuracy and robustness of the system, simultaneously reducing compressed air consumption by as much as 29.5%.

6 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

018527   Bhattacharya S S;Mandot A (Textile Engineering Dep, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The M.S. Baroda Univ, Vadodara-390 001, Email: aadharmandot@yahoo.com) : Polyamide/clay nanocomposites film, synthesis and mechanical testing. Int J pure appl Sci Technol 2013, 17(2), 36-44.

Inorganic-polymer composite film was formed through nanosize clay filler particles that were incorporated inside a nylon-6 matrix. The montmorillonite clay was modified and converted to organoclay at laboratory in optimized condition. The Polyamide/Clay nanocomposite films were prepared by simple dissolution technique using different concentration of nanoclav. Morphology of composite film was examined with SEM which revealed that clay particles were well dispersed and non-aggregated. The film was also characterized by FTIR spectra and further analyzed by EDX. This composite film was evaluated for the change in their mechanical and thermal properties compared to the pure nylon-6 film. The increased tensile strength of the composite film was observed which was further supported by thermal analysis, which shows higher AH value.

7 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

018526   Bhattacharjee P;Sadhu A (NO, , ) : VLSI transistor and interconnect scaling overview. J Elect Des Technol 2014, 5(1), 1-15.

In this paper, various types of device and interconnect scaling used for VLSI transistors are mentioned. Advanced device scaling techniques using SOI & FINFET technology are discussed for nano-devices. New technologies adopted at research level are stated here in brief.