013584   Muljowidodo K;Nugroho S A;Prayogo N;Budiyono A (Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia, Email: nuljo@bdg.centrin.net.id) : Design and simulation analysis of flying trimaran USV. Indian J Geomar Sci 2012, 41(6), 569-74.

The coverage area and cruising speed are important design aspects of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV). Some conventional USVs have generally a constraint on maximum speed. This fact motivates the development of approaches for effective hull design in some earlier USVs developed at the Center for Unmanned System Studies-Institut Teknologi Bandung. The design approach with the new propulsion system and control surface is featured in the present USV. This paper presents the design and operation analysis of flying catamaran USV. The design was focused on the propulsion and distribution of hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loads on the vehicle wherein computational fluid dynamics method was used as the main analysis tool.

16 illus, 7 tables, 8 ref

013583   Mukherjee S;Roy B (Electrical Engineering Dep, B.P. Poddar Institute of Management & Technology, Kolkata-700 052, Email: sutres@rediffmail.com) : Correlating Indian measured sky luminance distribution and Indian design clear sky model with five CIE standard clear sky models. J Optics 2011, 40(4), 150-61.

This paper aims to find out representative CIE (International Commission on Illumination) Standard Clear Sky model(s) for three different seasons - winter solstice, equinox, and summer solstice applicable for prevailing clear sky climatic conditions in India [Roorkee]. Indian measured sky luminance distribution database is available only for Roorkee [29°5l' N; 77°53' E]. To find out the best match between Indian measured sky luminance distribution and each of five CIE Standard Clear sky models, sky component of spatial illuminance distribution over the working plane of a room was simulated by MATLAB for three different seasons. The effectiveness of using Indian design clear sky model proposed in IS: 2440:1976 was also evaluated side by side. Daylight Coefficient method has been applied for the simulation using Indian sky luminance database. The simulation has been done for the room with eight different window orientations ranging from 0° to 315° with an interval of 45° to generate data for the entire sky vault. To find out the best fit CIE model (s), statistical test of significance (95% confidence level) has been carried out for the spatial illuminance distributions taking results obtained with Indian measured sky luminance distribution data as reference. Analysis revealed that CIE Standard General Clear sky type 15 described as "White-blue sky, turbid with a wide solar corona effect" is the best-fit clear sky model for both summer and equinox seasons and sky type 11 described as "White blue sky with a clear solar corona " is the best-fit clear sky model for winter season at -Roorkee. Hence these sky types can be used for daylight prediction instead of Indian Design Clear Sky Model which shows large deviations.

8 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

013582   Mat Nawi M N;Abd Manaf A;Arshad M R;Sidek O (Underwater Robotics Research Group, Sains Malaysia (USM) Univ, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Email: eeasrulnizam@eng.usm.my) : Development of biomimetic flow sensor based on artificial lateral line flow sensor for underwater applications. Indian J Geomar Sci 2012, 41(6), 527-32.

The study consists the development of superficial neuromast and concentrates on the fabrication method and measurement system. Biomimetic flow sensor of this study consisted of single hair cell that attached perpendicular to subtract and strain gage was used as a sensing element. Simulation and experiment were done for various flow rates 0.1 to 0.5 m/s. Sensitivity of the sensor was obtained as 0.26 mV/ms^-1 based on the applied flow rate and output voltage. The experiment of moving object detection have been demonstrated where it enables to detect the moving object at close range 2 cm.

11 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

013581   Kalippan V K;Budiyono A;Muljowidodo K;Nugroho S A (School of Computer Science and Engineering, Konkuk Univ, Seoul, Korea, Email: dkmin@konkuk.ac.kr) : Hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform for the design, testing and validation of autonomous contro system for unmanned underwater vehicle. Indian J Geomar Sci 2012, 41(6), 575-80.

Significant advances in various relevant science and engineering disciplines have propelled the development of more advanced, yet reliable and practical underwater vehicles. A great array of vehicle types and applications has been produced along with a wide range of innovative approaches for enhancing the performance of unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV). These recent advances enable the extension of UUVs' flight envelope comparable to that of manned vehicles. For undertaking longer missions, therefore more advanced control and navigation will be required to maintain an accurate position over larger operational envelope particularly when a close proximity to obstacles (such as manned vehicles, pipelines, underwater structures) is involved. In this case, a sufficiently good model is prerequisite of control system design. System evaluation and testing of unmanned underwater vehicles in certain environment can be tedious, time consuming and expensive. This paper, focused on developing dynamic model of UUV for the purpose of guidance and control. Along with this a HILS (Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation) based novel framework for rapid construction of testing scenarios with embedded systems has been investigated. The modeling approach is implemented for the AUV Squid, an autonomous underwater vehicle that was designed, developed and tested by research team at Center for Unmanned System Studies at InstitutTeknologi Bandung.

6 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

013580   Jagadale B N;Naragund M N (Electronics Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaragatta) : Low cost universal programmable digital function generator. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(1), 45-8.

Design of a Low cost EPROM based digital function generator producing several waveforms with adjustable frequency is discussed in the paper. This can be developed into an economic, user friendly, commercial product suitable for academic purposes as well as R&D labs.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

013579   Jagadale B N;Hegde V K (Electronics Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaragatta) : Patient monitoring using an embedded system. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(1), 35-43.

Manual monitoring of patients in ICU is becoming more and more difficult for various reasons. Doctors these days are constantly on the move. Systems which constantly brief the conditions of the patient wherever and whenever required would be very much helpful. This becomes easier when mobiles are used in these alert systems. This project aims to make such an alert system which makes the Doctor's job easier. This paper aims at monitoring the patients health condition using various sensors and storing the data. In case of critical conditions it alerts the doctor through mobile and doctor can initiate subsequent actions from remote place also. Doctors can take the report from the existing database on timely basis.

6 ref

013578   Jagadale B N;Hegde K (Electronics Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaragatta) : SMS based altering system for train passengers. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(1), 27-34.

Now a days journey, travelling from one place to another has become part of our day-to-day life. The people who depend on the public transports for their travel have a bundle of bad experience of missing there transport, waited in the bad weather or in unsafe place for long time, or without prior knowledge of arrival of stop in long journey; often we see this as the prevalent excuse given by students, employees, applicants for interview. It may be by passenger in long distant journey will be destined in odd timing (at mid-night) who will come to know that his station has been past and can't control the late arrival or the early arrival of the transport but can have an option of planning our daily work if we were intimated the arrival of the transport to particular route or station. For long distance travel usually we are using Train. But in train we are going to face lot of problems during night journey because in night it is difficult to identify the station name. So we came up with a novel idea of intimating such people by method called "SMS Based Alerting System for Train Passengers".

6 illus, 5 ref

013577   Isa K;Arshad M R (Underwater Robotics Research Group (URRG), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Sains Malaysia (USM) Univ, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Email: halid@uthm.edu.my) : Buoyancy-driven underwater glider modelling and analysis of motion control. Indian J Geomar Sci 2012, 41(6), 516-26.

Present study consists a mathematical model and motion control analysis for a buoyancy-driven underwater glider with presences of water currents. Model of the glider is designed based on Newton-Euler method, and estimated the hydrodynamics effects based on Slender-body theory. Glider's motion has been controlled by three desired control inputs: two forces of a sliding mass, and a ballast mass rate of a ballast pump. In order to obtain better control performance, we have compared the performance of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and state feedback controller as a motion controller. Simulation results show that the model is controllable and stable, and the LQR produced better control performance than the state feedback.

12 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

013576   Guo H;Weng X;Dong X;Sui G;Gao X;Zhuang S (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optics System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shanghai Scienc, 516 Jungong Rd., 200093 Shanghai, China, Email: ghanming@vip.sina.com) : Three dimensional optical cage formed by TEM₀₁ mode radially polarized laguerre-gaussian beam. J Optics 2011, 40(4), 206-12.

Based on the vector diffraction theory, the focusing intensity distribution of TEM₀₁ mode radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian beams in the focal region is investigated theoretically. By setting the parameters of the complex pupil filter at the pupil plane purposely, a single three-dimensional (3D) optical cage with symmetrical intensity along the z and x axes and the contrast ratio of 0.5 is obtained. Moreover, by optimizing the parameters of pupil filter, multi-three-dimensional optical cages with more excellent quality, such as the contrast ratio of the central optical cage reaching into 0.85, are achieved. In addition, the explanations of how the complex pupil filter affects the focal intensity are also given.

8 illus, 18 ref

013575   Garcia-Garcia D;Valeriano-Medina Y;Hernandez L;Martinez-Lahuardica A (Automatica y Sistemas Computacionales Dep, Facultad de Ingenieria Electrica, Central ''Marta Abrue'' de Las Villas Univ, Carretera a Camajuani km 5.5, Santa Clara (54830), Villa Clara, Cuba, Email: dggarcia@uclv.edu.cn) : Wave filtering for heading control of an AUV based on passive observer. Indian J Geomar Sci 2012, 41(6), 540-9.

In this paper, the heading control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is improved in order to counteract the undesirable effect of the waves in the actuators system. Wave filter suggested is a linear passive observer and includes features like estimation of both the low frequency heading and heading rate of the vehicle from noisy measurement of an Inertial Measurement Unit, removing the oscillatory component. Matlab/Simulink tool is used to show the proposed solution into the control loop, its performance and the simulation with real data. The experimental results confirm the suitable filtering, the estimating properties of the observer and the navigation response expected, reducing control action and thus vibrations of the rudder.

13 ilus, 1 table, 22 ref

013574   Deka B;Sahu P P (Electronics & Communication Engineering Dep, Optical Commmunication & Photonic Integrated Device Research Laborator, Tezpur Univ, Tezpur, Assam-784 028, Email: pps@tezu.ernet.in) : Tooth shaped grating assisted geometry for two mode interference (TMI) coupler. J Optics 2011, 40(4), 162-7.

Ultra compact tooth Shaped grating assisted structure has been studied using a mathematical model based on sinusoidal mode simple effective index method (SEIM) for compact two mode interference (TMI) couplers. The coupling characteristics with variation in number of grating period are also shown. It is seen that the beat length of tooth shaped grating assisted TMI coupler at Δn=5% is 50% less than that of TMI coupler without grating. The wavelength dependence of power imbalance and the effect of fabrication tolerances on power imbalance are discussed.

5 illus, 10 ref

013573   Chatterjee S;Chatterjee N (NO, Netaji Subhas Open Univ, Kolkata) : Problems of Longwall mining in Moonidih Colliery of west Jharia area, Jharia coal field complex, Dhanbad district, Jharkhand. Indian J Landsc Syst ecol Stud 2011, 34(1), 59-66.

Moonidih Colliery is considered to be the only coal producing unit in the Western Jharia Area of the Jharia Coalfield (JCF). This colliery became the pioneer of Powered Support Longwall (PSLW) mining in JCF, rather in India. Longwall Method is considered to be more profitable than Board & Pillar Method, practised in all the other underground mines of JCF. But it is not in vogue due to several geo mining problems such as the presence of faults, intrusive, dykes etc. as well as other difficult environmental parameters. At present, several organizations like CMPDI & even BCCL are taking several steps to overcome such problems for the easy proceeding of the Longwall method to extract more coal.

2 tables, 4 ref

013572   Boral E (Geography Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata) : Rural electrification in West Bengal with special reference to DVC command area. Indian J Landsc Syst ecol Stud 2011, 34(1), 427-36.

Consumption of the energy is directly proportional to the progress of the mankind. Electricity is one of our most widely used forms of energy. It is a secondary source of energy, derived from the conversion of other primary sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources. Access to electricity is particularly crucial to human development as electricity is, in practice, indispensable for certain basic activities, such as lighting and accounts for being one of the most pollution-free forms of energy. Rural electrification is a vital programme for socio-economic development of rural areas. It serves as an input for productive uses in agriculture and rural industries, and improves the quality of life of the rural people by supplying electricity for lighting homes, shops, community centres and public places in villages. It is estimated that in 2008 the number of people without access to electricity was 1.5 billion or 22 percent of the world's population of which 85 percent live in rural areas. With a view to provide access to electricity to all rural households, Government of India launched a new scheme under "Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana". The task of implementing the scheme and to augment resource capacities for implementation, Union Ministry of Power has involved CPSUs like NTPC, NHPC, PGCIL & DVC for making available their expertise and capabilities to the states willing to use the same and by 2008 India has been successful in electrifying 83.1 percent of villages and West Bengal to about 99 percent. This paper is an attempt to briefly summarize some of the achievements and highlight some of the shortcomings of West Bengal's rural electrification programme with special reference to the area under Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC). The paper also attempts to evaluate the change in socio-economic structure due to the diversion of conventional sources of energy to non-conventional sources in these areas.

9 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

013571   Abidin Z Z;Hamzah M S M;Arshad M R;Ngah U K (Underwater Robotics Research group, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Sains Malaysia, 14300, Pulau Pinang, malaysia, Email: zzulkifli@iiu.edu.my) : Calibration framework for swarming ASVs' system design. Indian J Geomar Sci 2012, 41(6), 581-8.

This paper is concerned with the virtual simulation of Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) named, Drosobots, using virtual simulation software i.e. Webots^TM, and the pre-deployment in a swimming pool environment based on an improved simplest navigation technique. Swimming pool provides as a controlled calibration framework for the proposed swarming algorithm. The performance of the system is determined by firstly, its capability to allow the various robots to communicate amongst themselves in order to reach the desired location and secondly, the use of optimization in its searching strategy. By using basic theories of GPS steering, low-cost microcontroller and straightforward wireless communication method, a framework which takes into consideration both mechanical constraints in its physical setup and the suitability of control methods is presented. Swarming robots work as a team, propelled by slim-line water pump with cylindrical shape of body hull. In order to increase the robot's buoyancy, high density foam has been added to the previous design and results of the new rudder simulation effect is also been presented. Due to the delay of the NMEAs data and the limitation of an 8-bit micro-controller, complex control has been deferred until sometime in the future.

16 illus, 12 tables, 15 ref

012667   Zare M;Niasar A H (Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Kashan Univ, Iran) : Novel sensorless vector control of high-speed hysteresis motor drive. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2012, 2(3), 1-7.

Hysteresis motors are super high speed motors that used in special Industries such as high-speed centrifuges, micro gas turbines, and etc. They are basically synchronous motors; however they can works in asynchronous mode. In most reported applications if is controlled in open-loop scheme and there isn't am considerable research on closed-hop control of this type of motor due to its special and limited applications. This papers presents a novel filed oriented (vector) control of a. high-speed hysteresis motor. On this way, the rotor flux is oriented and indirect vector control is employed. Due to cost a difficulty of installation the rotor positian/speed sensor in high speed hysteresis motors, the rotor position and speed is accurately estimated by employing a model reference adaptive system (MRAS). The validity of presented vector control and sensorless scheme is demonstrated via some simulations.

10 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

012666   Yadav R K;Rajput K;Shrivastava V K (Civil Engineering Dep, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, M.P.) : Analysis of hybridization of granite rock of Jabalpur region on the basis of engineering properties. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(1), 7-14.

Rocks undergo many tectonic changes after they are found. These changes in the rock are brought by the agencies like high temperature, direct pressure, movement and mixing due to assimilation. Results of the effect of these agencies are in the form of solid, liquid or plastic state. The present study envisages to conduct field and laboratory test on these variety to identify them and discover the changes in the engineering and physical properties of these rocks in composition to non hybrid rock.

4 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

012665   Venugopal K;Bhavanarayana V;Ramteke R S; Krishnaiah C (NO, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune-411 024) : Electrical resistivity survey on teh left branch canal of high embarkment of Tungabhadra Dam, miles 69, 77 and 85, Karnataka State. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2011, 17(1), 43-9.

In order to investigate the presence of concealed cavities (locally known as Bongas), responsible for the seepage in the high embankments at miles 69,77 and 85 of left branch canal, Tungabhadra project, Karnataka State, Electrical Resistivity Profiling (ERP) and Imaging (ERI) were used. ERP was carried out in canal dry condition and both ERP and ERI were deployed at different locations (after due interpretation of the ERP studies) in canal filling condition. The geophysical investigations are carried out in April 2007 (canal dry condition) and November 2007 (canal filling condition). ERP was carried out using Schlumberger configuration with half electrode spacing (AB/2) of 10.0 m 15.0 m and 20.0 m. The ERI was carried out with Wenner & Schlumberger arrays with an inter-electrode spacing of 5.0 m. The locations, where relatively low resistivity values were observed during the canal empty condition and still lower values in canal filling conditions were attributed to the cavities. Thus the cavities/weak zones were delineated.

6 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

012664   Tiwari S N;Srivastava S;Pandey B;Shukla S (Physics and Electronics Dep, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh Univ, Faizabad-224 001) : Cascading of modified darlington pair amplifier. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(1), 181-8.

Darlington pair amplifier in CC/CE configuration is a useful circuit for small-signal amplification. First time we have proposed a two-stage modified Darlington pair amplifier that produces simultaneously enhanced voltage gain and band-width. Qualitative results of proposed amplifier are compared with two-stage conventional Darlington pair amplifier. The explored amplifier circuit can be used for amplification of weak signals ranging below 1mV and can be proved useful for various communication applications.

8 illus, 14 ref

012663   Tiwari R K;Shukla A K;Mishra G R (Circuit design and Simulation Lab, Physics and Electronics Dep, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh Univ, Faizabad) : Noise analysis of class AB CMOS current conveyor. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(1), 155-61.

In order to develop good analog circuits, a basic understanding of the noise analysis is required. In this paper, we present a noise model for class AB CMOS current conveyor and show how the model can be used to evaluate the noise in the current conveyor. Finally, to check the validity of the proposed model all the theoretical results have been compared with simulation ones. For the thermal noise, comparison shows that the theoretical results are in excellent agreement with the simulation, being the error between 4 and 5%. Also for the flicker noise, comparison between theoretical and simulated results is presented. Again the difference between them is not high, being the error of about 8%.

13 illus, 9 ref

012662   Swamee P K;Rathie P N;Ozelim L C D S M (Civil Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar-144 011, Email: swameefce@yahoo.com) : Analytical solutions for alternate depths. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2011, 17(1), 34-42.

Triangular, parabolic rectangular and trapezoidal sections are practical open channel sections. For rectangular channel section it is possible to express the alternate depths analytically. For other sections the alternate depths are presently obtained by trial and error procedure. Exact analytical solutions of alternate depths for exponential and trapezoidal open channel sections have been obtained in the form of fast converging infinite series and algebraic equations.

3 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

012661   Sudharsanam V;Srivastav V;Raju N;Suresh S (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Abrasive water jet machining of fan component of thermal power plant- case study. WRI Jl 2011, 32(2), 11-15.

Abrasive water jet machining technology is a non-traditional machining method where an extremely coherent jet of pressurized water with entrained abrasives is used for machining materials. It is distinctly advantageous over the conventional methods of machining. The water jet technology has the potential to open up avenues for re-engineering by way of substituting costly and time consuming conventional machining and finishing operations by a simple one stroke process. Exotic materials can be cut with ease and with no heat affected zones as this cutting process does not involve application of heat. Engineering components can be cut with this technology which is a one-go process instead of adopting a chain of processes involving thermal cutting followed by grinding and other finish machining operations. Unlike the traditional methods of machining, the abrasive water jet machining of materials results in a cut surface that is free of HAZ (Heat Affected Zone), burrs, warping and distortion. The biggest advantage of this process is the capacity in terms of the maximum possible thickness of materials that can be machined - thicknesses as high as 300 mm can be machined. This fact made this process ideally suitable for the machining of a component for fans of thermal power plants. This article deals with application of the water jet machining technology for PA and ID fan components of thermal power plants.

7 illus, 3 ref

012660   Sondkar S Y;Abhyankar H K (Instrumentation Engineering Dep, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: shilpa.sondkar@vit.edu) : Signal extraction and frequency mesaurement in a vortex flow meter. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2011, 1(1), 8-12.

Vortex flowmeter are very popular in process industries due to their advantages. Vortex flow meter measures the frequency of the vortex signal which is linearly proportional to the flowrate. However vortex flow meter is not performing well in low flow range. Research is being carried out to reduce errors in vortex flow meter and improve its performance. Since vortex flow meter is affected by number of parameters in plant, its performance improvement lies in extracting the true signal from vortex sensor. Presents the overview work carried out to extract vortex signal appropriately and algorithms used for signal extraction and frequency measurement.

^iia1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

012659   Soid S N;Zainal Z A;Iqbal M A;Miskam M A (School of Mechanical Engineering, Sains Malaysia Univ, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia, Email: meshahril@yahoo.com) : Macroscopic spray characteristics of palm oil-diesel blends in a constant volume combustion chamber. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(11), 740-7.

Concern with fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation promotes the use of renewable energy sources in particular bio-fuel for automotive and power generation. Palm oil in its refined form as cooking oil can be used as fuel in diesel engines. Present study evaluates macroscopic spray characteristics, such as tip penetration, cone angle and spray area using direct injection diesel injector in a constant volume combustion chamber. Palm oil blend with diesel at 20, 40, 60, and 80% as well as pure palm oil (100%) and diesel were tested separately using direct visualization technique. Spray developments were investigated at elevated injection pressure starting from 20 MPa (original setting) to 30 and 34 MPa (maximum pressure). Experimental results for palm oil blends show that, spray development process is highly affected with increasing palm oil in the blend. Spray tip penetration and cone angle of blends were found to decrease by about 50 and 30% respectively compared to diesel fuel. At elevated injection pressures, spray characteristics of the blends show significant improvement. Tip penetration and spray area for P20 at 34 MPa were comparable to diesel at its original injection pressure setting. Moreover, blends average cone angles were found larger at 30 MPa, by about 14.93, 11.47, 7.34 and 1.84% for P20, P40, P60 and P80 respectively. For P20, 34 MPa injection pressure is sufficient to display spray characteristics similar to diesel, but require higher than 34 MPa injection pressure for other blends.

7 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

012658   Siva Sundhara Raja D;Vasuki S (Faculty of ECE, SACS MAVMM Engineering College, Madurai-625 301, Email: ssrrvs@gmail.com) : Performance analysis of screening diabetic retinopathy. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(12), 804-9.

This study presents a new method for screening Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), is the leading ophthalmic pathological cause of blindness among people of working age in developed countries. The first manifestations of DR are tiny capillary dilations known as Microaneurysms (MA) and Exudates. It may provide an early indication of the risk of the Type -I Diabetes. The various features of the images of the Retinal Vessels are used to indicate the different MA's and Exudates disease processes. Neural Networks and k-means clustering provide significant benefits in medical research. This Proposed work deals DR with Segmentation and Classification algorithms for the analysis of Retina images. This effectiveness and robustness, together with its simplicity make this Optimized analysis for being integrated into a complete screening system for early DR detection. It proposes an Optimized Soft Computing technique approach for screening the Diabetic retinopathy.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

012657   Singhal G D;Sharma N;Ojha C S P (Water Resources Development and Management Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667) : Experimental study of hydraulically efficient piao key weir configuration. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2011, 17(1), 18-33.

Piano Key Weirs are modified version of labyrinth weir with innovation to improve discharging capacity and more compatible for constructing on an existing or new spillway with lesser space requirement and structural stability. The objective of the study was to identify the Piano Key Weir in which the maximum discharge capacity at different UW with p (height of weir) could be achieved. To achieve this for different flow conditions, length magnification ratio (L/W) is taken from 3.56 to 7.40. Also, other parameters are taken in different combinations for getting optimum configuration of Piano Key Weir for better performance. With this in view, three phases of experimental campaign on eighteen Piano Key Weir models are reported in this paper. The ratio (r) of Piano Key Weir to linear weir discharge for a given head was seen to be more than one and found to increase with magnification ratio L/W upto a certain limit of h/p ratio. It was also found that performance of ratio of inlet and outlet cell width was best when two cells were of same width. The analysis of discharge coefficient variation is correlated with h/p.

20 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

012656   Singh S N;Thakur A K (Physics Dep, C.M. Sc. College, Darbhanga-846 004, Bihar, Email: sns_bdg@yahoo.co.in) : Characterization of dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for broadband applications. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(1), 6-14.

This article presents a brief review on realization techniques of broadband spectrum using Dielectric Resonators (DRs). Dielectric materials have attractive features in millimeter (mm) wave regions. In this article, attention has been focused on broadband design techniques using DRAs. The dielectric resonators possessing multi-resonant frequencies have been used for the purpose. These multi-resonant frequencies could be merged together to produce the required broadband spectrum. The primary goal of this review paper is to improve bandwidth, while maintaining the size of the antenna within the limit. A novel technique has been discussed to realize wide bandwidth by single rectangular DRA with three freed techniques. The multi-resonant frequencies' nature of radiation pattern has been found. which makes the basis of broadband realization.

6 illus, 14 ref

012655   Singh R;Ranjan A;Ghosh M;Paul S K (Electronics Engineering Dep, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad, Jharkhand, Email: sajalkpaul@rediffmail.com) : Realization of fourth order multifunction filters using operational transresistance amplifier. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(2), 1-7.

Design of analog filters, using single Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA) as the active current mode building block, is presented. Five types of filters have been designed namely Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, All pass, and Notch. The order of the proposed filters is four. The theoretical results are verified with PSP1CE simulation using 0.5μm CMOS process parameters provided by MOSIS (AGILENT). Frequency responses for the presented filters are shown in the paper. The proposed filters offer the following important features: use of single operational transresistance amplifier as active element, low sensitivity, cut off frequency can be adjusted by varying the frequency scaling factor. Simulation results agree well with the theoretical values.

9 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref

012654   Singh I V;Alam M S (Electronics Engineering Dep, Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology, A.M.U., Aligarh-202 002, Email: singhindravijay@yahoo.co.in) : Design and optimization of nano scale double gate SOI-MOSFET for analog applications using SILVACO TCAD. J Elect Des Technol 2011, 2(1), 7-17.

Structure effect on electrical characteristics of 60-nm double-gate silicon-on-Insulator Metal-Oxide-Semiconduetor Field Effect Transistor (DG-SOI-MOSFETs) is explored. These structures enable more aggressive device scaling in nano scale region because of their ability to control short channel effects. Established a scalling theory which gives guidance for the device optimization (Silicon film thickness T_si (20 nm); gate oxide thickness T_ox (3 nm); buried oxide thickness T_box (200nm) and gate length L_G (60 nm). So that maintaining a subthreshold factor, the on/off current ratio threshold voltage (V_th = 0.5V) and drain induced barrier lowering for a given gate length L_G. Analog performance of device has been investigated interns of g_m, g_ds, A_v, f_t and f_max All these results have been simulated by using SILVACO TCAD.

16 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

012653   Singh I;Tripathi V S;Tiwari S (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Motilal Nehru Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh-211 004, Email: erindrasen@gmail.com ) : Development of microstrip patch antenna design for medical application: a survey. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(3), 15-23.

In early days breast cancer detection is of crucial importance. Microstrip patch antenna, due to its small size, light weight, low profile, and low manufacturing cost, is finding increasing applications in the medical industry. In this survey paper we have discussed briefly some of the antenna's technical specification and details of its applications in different medical areas. Mainly they are Breast cancer tumor detection, Hyperthermia, Hearing Aid, and Pacemaker for wireless structural health monitoring system.

4 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

012652   Shrivastava V K;Grover R K (Civil Engineering Dep, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, Email: Vij_vij@hotmail.com) : Explanation of non linear analysis (pushover analysis) of R.C.C. frame. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(3), 633-6.

The major focus of study is to bring out the superiority of pushover analysis method over the conventional analysis method recommended by the code. The results obtained from the various studies show that the response spectrum method underestimates the response of the model in comparison with pushover analysis. It is also seen that model participation of higher modes contributes to better results of the response distribution along the height of the building. Also pushover curves are plotted to illustrate the displacement as a function of base shear.

6 ref

012651   Shirlal K G;Rao S;Madhu M (Applied Mechanics and Hydraulics Dep, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka) : Concrete cubes as armour unit - an experimental study for berm breakwater. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2011, 17(1), 12-17.

Berm breakwater consists of a wide berm at or around the water level and has an armour layer, whose shape changes in response to wave action yielding a stable profile. In the present study the influence of wave height, wave period and berm width on the stability of the breakwater as well as on the wave runup and wave rundown are studied. Experiments were conducted on berm breakwater model of 1:30 scale using concrete cubes as armour units. For the given experimental conditions the stability number was found to vary from 2.21 to 3.63. Further the model in 0.37m water depth was more stable than the one in 0.40 and 0.43m. The runup values were within the range of 0.52 to 1.08. While, the rundown values had the variation from 0.45 to 0.88.

6 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

012650   Sharma S;Gahlaut V;Kaushik M;Ghosh S K;Gupta R K;Joshi L M (Microwave Tubes Div, Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI)/Council of, Pilani-333 031) : Thermostructural behaviour and cooling management of collector for multibeam klystron. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(3), 626-32.

This work presents the thermal and structural analysis of collector for multi beam klystron (MBK) using convective heat transfer method for cooling of collector. The structural deformation and developed stresses along both the axial and radial directions, due to temperature distribution, has been simulated. The results has also been compared with different softwares, like, COSMOS and OPERA.

6 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

012649   Sharma P K;Jadaun V S (Electronics Dep, Engineering, MITS, Gwalior-05, Email: sharmapavan.0511@gmail.com) : X-band microstrip antenna for radar and amateur radio service. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(2), 1519.

Microstrip antennas and arrays are used as an alternative for the bulky and heavy weight reflector/slotted waveguide array antennas. For radars which demand a low profile, light weight antenna subsystem, the microstrip antennas are an ideal choice. The proposed antenna is designed in the X-band for the radar and missile application. It is a dual band antenna with resonant frequency of 8.5 GHz and 10.132 GHz having return loss 38.59 dB and 45.98 dB.

6 illus, 10 ref

012648   Senthil Kumar P;Natesh Kumar M;Prabhakar S (Automobile Engg. Dep, MIT Campus, Anna Univ, Chennai, Email: mit_senthil@yahoo.com) : Experimental study on inlet fixed guide vanes to improve the operating range of tubochargers. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(2), 365-8.

This project is to improve the surge margin of the compressor used in Exhaust gas turbochargers, which aims to design a system to have optimized size of fixed guide vane. The main objective of this project is to reduce the Turbo lag by improving the surge margin using Inlet fixed vanes without changing the existing system and structure of the compressor. After analyzing the need to improve the surge margin, functional analysis of the existing product, theoretical engineering calculation, through literature review, conceptualization, optimization and verification, of a new Inlet fixed guide vane for the said compressor was designed and developed. The project has proposed an Inlet fixed guide vane for the said compressor specification through concept generation, concept optimization and gas stand validation. The parameters affecting the air flow velocity in the suction side was analyzed and optimized for maximum preswirl. The proposed concept has been assembled with standard components and bought out as a physical prototype model and the fluid body was simulated through Ansys CFX simulation and the actual testing results were compared with the simulated results.

9 ref

012647   Ravichandran G (Plant Laboratory, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Analysis of distortion in an edge welded beam with varying depth using finite element method. WRI Jl 2011, 32(1), 25-31.

Bending type of distortion is experienced in long welded beams with eccentric welds with reference to the neutral axis of the beam. The prediction of distortion in such beams can be carried out using empirical or semi - analytical models. But when the beam has variable depth, the prediction becomes difficult and the use of numerical techniques like finite element method will be required. In this study, the bending distortion in an edge welded beam with varying depths has been determined using finite element method. To account for the varying depth, five different cross sections of the beam have been taken and two dimensional analysis has been performed. The transient thermal analysis has been first carried out first after accounting for phenomena such as distributed arc source, convection and radiation heat losses, temperature dependent material properties, etc. Subsequently, the elastic plastic analysis of the section has been carried out based on the equilibrium conditions. The curvature data is evaluated for the five cross sections and a relationship between the beam depth and the curvature has been evaluated. From this data, the deflection along the beam length has been determined by double integration of the curvature along the length. The residual stress distribution in the beam is also determined using the model. The details of the finite element analysis and the thermal and deflection results obtained are presented in this paper.

12 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

012646   Ravichandran G (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Analysis of distortion and residual stress distribution during intermittent welding of a plate using finite element method. WRI Jl 2011, 32(3), 5-12.

Distortion and residual stresses experienced by a welded component are dependent on the length of welding. During stitch welding of a welded plate, the peak magnitude of the distortion and residual stresses will be different from those experienced in a continuously welded plate. The present paper aims at studying the distortion and residual stress build up in an edge welded plate for different stitch weld lengths. The transient thermal elastic plastic analysis has been carried out using finite element method. Using the finite element analysis, the various cases of stitch welding have been analysed. The analysis reveals that the full magnitude of distortion is reached when the plate is welded continuously and the distortion is found to be less for stitch welds. For intermittent welds, the longitudinal residual stress distribution is not uniform along the length and the higher magnitude of the residual stress is observed near the start and end regions of the stitch weld. The residual stress distribution in the depth of the plate is found to obey the equilibrium conditions. The details of the finite element model and the results obtained are presented in this paper.

11 illus, 8 ref

012645   Rangras V S;Acharya P P;Mehta N D (NO, Vishwakarma Governement Engineering College, Ahmedabad, Email: vishalrangras@yahoo.com) : Design and simulation of phase-integral switching control. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2012, 2(3), 8-13.

The Class of as power controllers consists of switching regulator which connects and disconnects the load to the supply according to the required power. The two voltage control techniques for regulating the power flow in a.c. voltage controllers are Phase Control and Integral Cycle Contrvl (ICC). Phase control undergoes the limitation of harmonic injection, while integral cycle control provides control in Integra! values only, In the proposed method, both the techniques are combined to provide efficient voltage control and eliminating drawbacks of each other, In this paper authors have reported design methodology and simulated results of the Phase - Integral Switching (PIS) which is the combination of both techniques.

9 illus, 2 ref

012644   Raju N;Suresh S;Sudharsanam V (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Analysis of longitudinal distortion in welded tubular structures. WRI Jl 2011, 32(3), 13-8.

Distortion refers to shape change phenomena in welding that occurs in all the three directions. Out of all the types of welding distortions, the longitudinal bending distortion is the most predominant one. Out of the various distortion control methods, the weld sequencing is one of the best techniques. The factors like rigidity of the component, number of welds planned around neutral axis, number of weld passes, heat input etc play a vital role in designing a suitable weld sequence for a given structure. In this article, a study has been taken up to evaluate the influence of weld sequence on longitudinal bending distortion in panel type of structures. The study involves experimental trials and collection of data by varying three parameters Viz. Moment of Inertia, heat input and welding sequence.

12 illus, 9 ref

012643   Rajesh R;Prabhakar S;Annamalai K;Selvakumar K (Mechanical Engg Dep, Kings Engg College, Chennai) : Use of sarguia oil based biodiesel in DI engines. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(2), 377-80.

In the present experimental research work, methyl ester of Sarguia oil is derived through transesterification of rice-bran oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics in a direct injection diesel engine running with diesel, biodiesel (Sarguia methyl ester), and its blends with diesel. Engine tests were performed at different engine loads ranging from no load to rated (100 percent) load at constant engine speed (1500rpm). A careful analysis of the cylinder pressure rise, heat release, and other combustion parameters such as the cylinder peak combustion pressure, rate of pressure rise, crank angle at which peak pressure occurs, and rate of pressure rise, were carried out. higher engine loads; however, combustion duration was higher for biodiesel blends.

4 illus, 4 ref

012642   Rajasekaran N;Ramesh P V D;Santhakumar A;Raja A (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Single side full penetration vertical butt joined by robotic GMAW process. WRI Jl 2011, 32(2), 22-5.

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is the gas shielded fusion welding process which is suitable for automation and semi automation. This high productive process offers various advantages like faster welding speeds, set up, reduced heat input, higher deposition rate, improved bead shape, lesser chances for defects and improved productivity. In the semi automatic mode, the welder holds the welding gun and maneuvers it in the intended groove to make the weld. When the productive process is automated with a robot, the productivity and quality level multiplies exponentially as the manual intervention is avoided. The robotic GMAW process can be fully automated to perform any positional welding in plates and pipes. Normally, full penetration welds are made by welding from both sides, which involves back gouging, grinding and dye penetrant inspection. Making the full penetration weld form one side requires careful selection of welding parameters like, voltage, current (wire feed speed), stick out length, torch angle, torch speed, etc. Making a full penetration weld by welding from one side is a challenge to make in thick walled plates in 3G position either by semi automatic or in the automated mode. In this work, the methodology followed to produce a full penetration weld in a V groove butt joint in a carbon steel plate in (3G) vertical position from one side has been studied and established successfully. The welds evaluated for radiographic quality and met all required mechanical test properties. The welding procedure developed for robotic GMAW of full penetration vertical welds in V grooved joint could be useful in components welding.

4 illus, 4 tables

012641   Raja A (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Innovative arc welding processes for automotive applocations. WRI Jl 2011, 32(1), 7-11.

Recent advancements in power source technology have paved the way for the development and introduction newer high performance variants of GMAW viz. Surface Tension Transfer (STT), Cold Metal Transfer (CMT), Regulated Metal Deposition (RMD) and Cold Process (CP), etc., with welding characteristics exceeding that of conventional GMAW process. Similarly innovative GTAW variants such as TOPTIG, Interpulse TIG have also been developed and introduced. These newer versions of GMAW and GTAW are claimed to provide improved weld quality viz. good gap bridgeability, avoidance of burn through, etc., and productivity in thin sheet automotive applications as compared to conventional GMAW or GTAW processes. The characteristic features, technological capabilities and benefits of these newer processes are presented and discussed.

7 illus, 6 ref

012640   Raghuram Singh B;Singh M N (NO, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune-411 024, Email: banothuraghu@yahoo.com) : Improvement of flow conditions at proposed barrage across river Falgu. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2011, 17(1), 50-7.

The Falgu River flows in northward direction almost parallel to and on the West of Gaya. To full fill the irrigation demands in the lower basin of river Falgu, Government of Bihar, has proposed a barrage on river Falgu at Uderasthan. Model studies for the proposed barrage has been entrusted to CWPRS to decide location, orientation, alignment, waterway of barrage, afflux, design of river training works such as guide bunds. The model studies indicated that the proposed water way of 300m would be adequate. Suitable guide buds were recommended on both sides of the barrage to improve the flow conditions and distribute the flow more uniformly at the barrage axis. Measurement of water level, velocity, angle of flow and discharge intensity along the proposed barrage axis indicated no undesirable flow conditions at the proposed barrage axis. The alignment of proposed barrage axis at about 200 m upstream of Uderasthan weir is hydraulically found satisfactory and hence recommended.

5 illus, 6 ref

012639   Pujar S S;Khairnar V J (NO, KK Wagh institute of Engineering education and research, Panchawati Nashik-422 003) : Some properties of kenmotsu manifold admitting a quarter symmetric non metric connection. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(1), 49-54.

The purpose of this paper is to study some of the properties of quarter symmetric nonmetric connection in Kenmotsu manifold.

9 ref

012638   Prathiba T;Renuga P (NO, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625 015) : Comparison of symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge inverter with single DC source. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2012, 2(1), 8-17.

This paper presents the comparison of traditional cascaded H-bridge inverter with isolated DC sources (symmetrical arrangement) and the proposed cascaded ff-bridge inverter with single DC source (asymmetrical arrangement}. Also, fundamental switching, strategy is used to generate the control pulses. A conventional cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter requires 'n' numbers of DC sources for 2n + 1 levels. Without requiring transformers, the scheme proposed here allows the use of a Angle DC power source (e.g., a battery or a fuel cell stack) with the remaining in-1) DC sources being capacitors. By maintaining unequal voltage ratios according to a geometric progression with, a factor of 2 or 3 at the capacitor voltage, it is possible to obtain the more number of voltage levels with As same number of switches as in the conventional CHE inverter. It is shown that one can simultaneously maintain the DC voltage level of the capacitors and choose a fundamental switching pattern to produce a nearly sinusoidal output and the reduced total harmonic distortion (THD).

9 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

012637   Pramanik M;Das P (NO, Cognizant Technology Solutions, Kolkata, Email: parichaydas@yahoo.com) : Texture segmentation using multichannel filtering and kohonen's self organizing map. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2012, 3(3), 17-23.

Texture is very important cue in region based segmentation of images. Texture features play a very important role in computer vision and pattern recognition. Texture segmentation can be broken down into two areas, feature extraction and clustering. In this paper, we implement two stage of feature extraction technique using multichannel filter and Self Organizing Map (SOM). Firstly, we go through channel filters, also known as 2-D Gabor functions. The texture features are extracted using a multichannel approach. The channels comprise of a set of Gabor filters having different sizes, orientations, and frequencies to constitute feature vector. This feature vectors are then given to SOM for feature reduction. From the result we can analyze that the disadvantage of using Gabor filters in texture analysis, i.e., the higher dimensionality of the Gaborian feature space is overcome by the reduction in the dimensionality of the feature space achieved by SOM. It is found that the incorporation of secondary feature vectors improves the classification performance and reduces the complexity of the feature extraction and classification stages.

7 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

012636   Prabhakar S;Banugopan V N;Annamali K;Jayaraj S (Automobile Engg Dep, MIT Campus, Anna Univ, Chennai) : Optimizing the nerium bio-fuel for a diesel engine. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(1), 37-42.

Increased environmental awareness and depletion of fossil petroleum resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. Transesterified vegetable oil derivatives called 'biodiesel' appear to be the most convenient way of utilizing bio-origin vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines. In this project esterified Nerium oil is used as an alternate fuel and the experiments were conducted at three different compression ratio (16:1,14.5:1,13:1) for studying the effect of compression ratio on performance, emissions, noise and combustion characteristics of diesel engine with using N20 blend(20% nerium oil and 80% diesel) and N40 blend(40% nerium oil and 60% diesel) and diesel alone for comparison. It is observed from the results BTE at higher loads marginally high to that with pure diesel for compression ratio 13:1.SFC, TFC and NOISE tends to decrease with decrease of compression ratio for entire load range. HC and NOx have been reduced drastically at 14.5:1 compression ratio and CO and CO2 has been reduced drastically at 13:1 compression ratio. Combustion characteristics have been increased by using N20 at 14.5:1 &N40at 13:1 compression ratios. Hence bio-fuels of nerium oil can replace diesel without compromise in engine performance.

13 illus, 4 ref

012635   Pandey B;Srivastava S;Tiwari S N;Singh J; Shukla S (Physics and Electronics Dep, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh Univ, Faizabad-224 001, Email: sachida_shukla@yahoo.co.in) : Complimentary-symmetry class-B push-pull amplifier with improved efficiency and reduced harmonic distortion. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(2), 353-8.

Modified circuit of Complimentary-Symmetry Class-B Push-Pull Amplifier' is proposed. The proposed amplifier circuit, configured by using unit of Darlington transistors, produces improved power amplification efficiency (PAE) and reduced harmonic distortion. Variation of maximum voltage gain as a function of biasing resistances is also observed. Proposed power amplifier may be quite useful various analog communication applications.

7 illus, 7 ref

012634   Pable S D;Kafeel A;Hasan M (Electronics Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, Email: sachinp_79@yahoo.co.in) : Performance analysis of DG FinFET for ultralow-power subthresholod applications. J Elect Des Technol 2011, 2(2), 8-15.

Subthreshold operating region of transistor shows huge potential toward satisfying demand of ultralow power (ULP) consumption from handheld portable devices. However, operating device with such small subthreshold leakage current as a switching current gives huge penalty in their operating frequency. For subthreshold operating region key design goal is to boost the speed of the device. DG FinFET device shows excellent device characteristics in subthreshold operating region. In this paper, 1-bit Full adder cell has been effectively analyzed. Since driving leakage current depends on operating temperature, performance analysis of Full adder is performed at different temperature. Simulation results show that dynamically connected static CMOS Full adder shows 43% advantage in delay over conv. static Full adder cell. DG FinFET-based Full adder cell shows significant advantage in delay as well as switching energy over static CMOS and DT CMOS-based Full adder.

13 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

012633   Onker S;Singh H;Gupta V;Srivastava H S (Electronics Dep, IIT College, Bhopal, Email: hari_shanker1980@rediffmail.com) : Edge-detecting technique to increase slow rate for different amplifier. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(3), 24-34.

This paper addresses a very compact low-power class-B buffer amplifier topology for large-size liquid crystal display applications. With enhanced slew rate, Edge-Detecting technique the proposed buffer achieves high-speed driving performance, draws a small quiescent current during static operation. The proposed SRE design is achieved more than 68 times improvements in the slew rate without significant increase of static power dissipation. Post-layout simulations show that the proposed buffer can drive a 20-pF column line load within L.8-s settling time under a full voltage swing, while drawing only 4.1 μA static current from power supply.

14 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

012632   Oktem Y A;Pozan Soylu S G;Aytan N (Istanbul Univ, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Dep, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: oktemy@istanbul.edu.tr) : Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by using waste potato peels; equilibrium and kinetic studies. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(12), 817-21.

This study examined the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using waste material potato peels. After one hour, the maximum adsorption yield in methylene blue solution was determined as 33.87 mg/g at pH 8. Among the equilibrium isotherms with two or three parameters (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips, etc.) applied the acquired data, Langmuir isotherms had the highest correlation (0.99%) and the maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue was calculated as Q_max; 33.55 mg/g. In kinetic assessments, a pseudo-second order constant best defined the rate of adsorption. It is thought that the development of adsorption depends on the loads of various functional groups, which form adsorbent, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups in the potato peels, play a significant role in methylene blue adsorption.

6 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref