012631   Nema S H;Grover R K (Civil Engineering ep, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur) : Study of brick masonry infill walls in R.C. moment resisting frames. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(3), 651-6.

The study shows that infill's reduce the drift capacity and structural damage, and significantly increase the strength and stiffness of the structure. The column, beams and infill walls in the lower stories are more vulnerable to damage than those on the upper stories. The role of plinth beam is found to be significant when the contribution of infills is taken in to account in the building design. The structural ductility is reduced but the over strength is increased with the presence of infill's.

1 illus, 8 ref

012630   Nayak A;Biswas S (NO, National Productivity Council, New Delhi) : Energy integration problem in a cogeneration plant. Productivity 2011, 52(2-3), 89-91.

The lashings of hurricanes and cyclones on different parts of world, huge rainfall deficiency in north India, melting of icebergs in north as well as south pole expose mankind to a big question-will our next generation get energy to live up to 60 years? Leading climate experts have put forward a series of practical solutions to tackle climate change-all leading bodies like-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This is a case study of a coal-fired power station and one cogeneration unit situated in central India. The unit started its operation in 1958. Cogeneration plants having backpressure turbine and condensate recovery consume huge quantity of make water. As a result, in order to keep drum water quality within control, a blow down has to be given @ 7000 kg/hr at 70 kg/cm². This case study discusses a problem area where waste heat energy recovery due to the existing technology become unviable.

2 ref

012629   Navhakar R S;Akran M W;Ghosh B (Electrical Engineering Dep, IIT, Kanpur, Email: akrammw@gmail.com) : Design of 6-bit two-step flash ADC for high speed and low power applications. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(1), 15-25.

In this paper, 6-bit two-step Flash ADC operated at the 2 GS/s is designed, with optimized performance for frequency domain applications. To get the best performance, the coarse converter of 2-bit and the fine convertor of 4-bit are chosen. The comparator design is done with optimum power and area with two power supplies. Intermediate state accuracy increased by thermometer coded current steering DAC- The DNL and INL specifications are chosen to be 0.8 LSB and 0.9 LSB respectively. For a sampling frequency of 2 GS/s, the SFDR is greater than 47 dbc for the signal from dc to 70MHz and the SNR is greater than 34 dB. The power consumption is only 9.35 mW, and figure of merit equals to 0.146 (pJ/step) at the power supplies of 1.8 V and 0.75 V. The key building blocks tike sample and hold circuit, comparator, residue amplifier, current steering DAC are designed. Layout and simulation of functional element at the block level is performed. All the designs are dons in 180 nm CMOS technology from UMC Cadence EDA tool suite.

15 illus, 6 tables, 12 ref

012628   Narayana G L;Ramakrishnaiah K (NO, , Flat No. G3, Sainadh Residency, Beside Venkateswara Swamy Temple, Choudary Peta, Ashok Nagar, Kanuru, Vijayawada-520 00) : Effect of various flow entities on the performance of flow rate when the second order fluid over a bounding surface is subjected to sinusoidal disturbances. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(3), 657-66.

The effect of various flow entities which influence the flow rate when the bounding surface is subjected to sinusoidal disturbances has been studied in detail in this paper. It is notice that, for a constant time as the angle of inclination of fluid bed is increased, the flow rate decreases. Also, as the pore size of the fluid bed is increased, the flow rate decreases. Further, it is noticed that, the frequency of excitation of the fluid bed is found to have a profound effect on the flow rate. As the frequency of excitation is increased, the flow rate decreases. This is due to the fact that the fluid particles are trapped inside the pores of the fluid bed. It is further noticed that, over a period of time, initially the flow rate increases and thereafter it decreases and finally seems to converge.

5 illus, 15 ref

012627   Nagalakshmi R;Suresh S;Balasubramanian K R; Sivaprakasam S P (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Study on effect of GMAW process parameters on fumes generation. WRI Jl 2011, 32(3), 26-36.

The control of exposure to welding fume is necessary to meet health and safety obligations. Prediction of fume formation rate (FFR) combined with prediction of fume composition from process parameters would be of use both to manufacturers of welding consumables and equipment and to occupational hygienists. A model for gas metal arc welding GMAW (DC electrode positive) is proposed based on process parameters, (current, wire feed rate and wire composition) the surface area of molten metal in the arc and the partial vapour pressures of component metals of an alloy wire. This model describes changes to a previously reported model for calculating fume formation rate in mild steel with GMAW. That includes the Langmuir equation for evaporation into a vacuum and the equations for vapour pressures of the various vaporizing species, like Mn, Cr, Ni and Fe. The predicted values from the proposed model are compared with the previous models and the proposed model is found to be a better predictor than the previous model. Based on the process parameters the predicted fume formation rates for various metals have been calculated from the Proposed Model. The fume formation rate increases with increasing the current at a constant wire feed rate with increasing the wire feed rate for the same current the fume formation rate is decreased. Fume formation rate is found to be decreased at the lower droplet temperature and lower droplet surface area.

5 illus, 8 tables, 16 ref

012626   Nagalakshmi R;Manimozhi S (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Indentation creep properties of (boiler material) WB 36 and its weldments. WRI Jl 2011, 32(1), 32-41.

Deformation rate under a given stress and at a given temperature is sensitive to such factors as the density and arrangements of dislocations in the metal, the number of vacancies and interstitial atoms, the concentrations and varieties of impurity atoms, the size and distribution of precipitate particles and the grain size. Creep is a mechanical property which is generally expected to occur at high temperature and constant load (or) stress conditions for any material. The indentation creep is a short term deformation mechanism to know the creep properties of the material which is comparable with that of the conventional creep testing. The development of high strength steels necessary for the increase of operating parameters like pressure and temperature. In the fields of application where high pressure and hot water are present, primarily feed water systems and headers, standard carbon steels like A 106 grade B or C are usually used. When comes to super critical power plants, this leads to very thick piping systems. 15 Ni Cu Mo Nb 5 or WB 36 is an extensively used for material for feed water systems, steam generators, headers and drums, etc. Many power plants have been operating for more than 200,000 hours without any problems. The longest operating time (more than 200,000 hrs) is a feed water line in the German power station "Hermann Wenzel". WB 36 is a C (0.18 %) - Mn (1 %) steel basis with Ni (1.1 %),Cu (0.7%) and Mo (0.3 %) additions and Nb (Cb) micro - alloying. Due to the optimisation of alloying elements, the strength values, especially at elevated temperatures, have been increased by 200 MPa (29 ksi). In the current investigation, experiments were carried out with WB 36 material and its weldments for their indentation creep at different temperatures like 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C, 650 °C, 700 °C and different loading conditions. The crept samples were examined for macro, micro, SEM and EDAX. The mechanism of creep was also evaluated.

24 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref

012625   Moorthy J V S;Rajinikanth B;Charyulu B V N; Rao G A P (NO, Defense Research and Development Laboratory, Hyderabad) : Scramjet combustor development. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2012, 2(3), 28-41.

In the development of scramjet engine, the cambustor presents the most formidable problems. Combustor is the critical section due to practical constraints of suitable material, mixing and flame holding in the short span of length. The complex phenomenal of supersonic combustion involves turbulent mixing, shack interaction and heat release in supersonic flow. The flow field within the combustor of a scramjet engine is very complex and poses challenge in design and development of supersonic combustor. Sufficient and rapid fuel-air mixing to achieve (he desired chemical reaction and heat release within the short residence time, minimization, of stagnation pressure loss resulting in high combustion efficiency are the requirements in the design of supersonic combustor. This paper reviews the efforts in the development of supersonic combustors across the globe and details the efforts made with emphasis on fuel injection, mixing and fame stabilization schemes. Research efforts in the United States, Russia, France, Germany, Australia and. Japan have been brought out and contemporary work on the subject in the above countries as well as China and India have been discussed.

^iia7 illus, 30 ref

012624   Mitra S (Operations Management at Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, , Diamond Harbour Road, Joka, Kolkata) : Public-private partnerships and electronic toll collection-means to improve the operational efficiency of freight transportation by road in India. Productivity 2011, 52(2-3), 118-25.

To cope with the increasing passenger and freight traffic volumes, the government has undertaken massive investment programs in road development and maintenance. To meet the investment target, the government has sought private participation in public projects in the form of public-private partnerships. Also, one way of financing road development and maintenance programs is by means of collecting user fees or tolls on highvjays. Presently, the majority of the toll plazas in India collect tolls manually. This article discusses how more private participation in public projects and the introduction of electronic toll collection will lead to timely completions of projects, enhance road quality, increase vehicle throughput and freight transportation efficiency, and reduce congestions, delays, accidents, break-downs, fuel consumptions and environmental pollution.

4 tables, 29 ref

012623   Mishra M;Srivastava S;Rai N;Tripathi V (Electronics Dep, D.D.U. Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur, Email: mmanishm@yahoo.com) : Solution of wordsize enlargement problem in FFT processor. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(2), 325-30.

One of the most difficult problems to overcome when implementing FFT algorithm in fixed - point arithmetic is that of word size enlargement. Here in this paper a novel scheme is proposed to overcome this problem using SD butterfly processor. The proposed SD butterfly processor can handle a word size of 64 bit without any overflow or data loss and at the same time maintaining accuracy of data at the output.

3 illus, 7 ref

012622   Mellal M A;Adjerid S;Williams E J;Benazzouz D (LMSS, Faculty of Engineering Sciences (FSI), M'Hamed Bougara Univ, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria, Email: mellal.mohamed@gmail.com) : Optimal replacement policy for obsolete components using cuckoo optimization algorithm based-approach: dependability context. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(11), 715-21.

Presents an optimization approach to deal with technological obsolescence in the case of several components. A component becomes obsolete when a challenger unit is available and possessing the same functionalities, but with more recent performances. The proposed approach includes the costs, failures rates, replacement teams, aging, energy consumption and the increasing technology rates. The budget constraint is formalized to select the components should be replaced and the model is based on cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA).

5 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

012621   Mategaonkar M;Eldho T I (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, Email: meenal@iitb.ac.in) : Meshless point collocation method for 1D and 2D groundwater flow simulation. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2011, 17(1), 71-87.

For appropriate management of available groundwater, the flow behavior in the porous media has to be analyzed. Meshfree (MFree) method is an alternative numerical approach to commonly used Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve more complex engineering problems by simple and accurate manner. MFree method eliminates the drawback of meshing and remeshing as in FDM and FEM. Since there is no need to create a mesh, the time one would spend on conventional mesh generation can be saved. This can translate to substantial cost and time savings in modelling and simulation. A meshless method called as Polynomial Point Collocation method (PPCM) with radial basis function has been developed for the groundwater flow simulation in porous media in one and two dimensions. The developed model has been applied for computing head distribution in a hypothetical confined aquifer having different boundary conditions and source, and sink terms. The developed model is tested with analytical and FEM solutions available in literature and found to be satisfactory.

18 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

012620   Ladopoulos E G (Interpaper Research Organization, S Dimaki Str. Athens, GR-10672, Email: eladopoulos@interpaper.org) : On the universal equation of elasticity and the universal equation of thermo-elasticity for next-generation aircrafts and spacecrafts. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2012, 2(1), 6-23.

In the present invesitgatton, the theories of "Relativistic Elasticity" and "Relativistic Thermo-Elasticity " are proposed for the design of the new-generation large aircraft with turbojet engines and. speeds in the range of 50,000 km/h and for the new-generation spacecraft of any speed. Such theories show that there is a considerable difference between the absolute stress tensor and the stress tensor of the moving frames even in the range of speeds of 50,000 fon/k. For higher speeds of the next-generation spacecraft, like c/3, c/2 or 3c/4 (c - speed of light), the difference between the two stress tensors is very much increased. Consequently for the next-generation spacecraft with very high speeds, the relative stress tensor mil be very much different than the absolute stress tensor. Furthermore, for velocities near the speed of light, the values of the relative stress tensor are much higher than the corresponding values of the absolute stress tensor. The proposed theory of "Relativistic Elasticity" is a combination between the theories of "Classical Elasticity" and "Special Relativity" or "General Relativity" and results in the "Universal Equation of thermo-elasticity". Also, the proposed theory of "Relativistic Thermo-Elasticity" is a combination between the theories of "Classical Thermo-Elasticity" and "Special Relativity" or "General Relativity" and results m the "Universal Equation of Thermo-Elasticity". on the other hand for the structural design of the new generation aircraft and spacecraft, the stress tensor of the airframe will be used in combination of the singular integral equations method. Such a stress tensor is reduced to the solution of a multidimensional singular integral equation and the singular integral operators method (SIOM) will be used for its numerical evaluation.

3 illus, 1 table, 61 ref

012619   Kuiry S N;Sen D;Bates P D;Yan D (NO, National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, The U, MS 38677, USA, Email: snkuiry@ncche.olemiss.edu ) : Application of the 1D-quasi 2D model tinflood for floodplain inundation prediction of the river Thames. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2011, 17(1), 98-110.

TINFLOOD, a simplified numerical model developed for simulation of floodplain inundation, is applied to predict the extent of flooding at a small reach of the River Thames, UK. River flow is computed by solving the de Saint Venant equations with a one-dimensional finite volume approach. Over-bank flood water spillage from the river onto the floodplains is computed considering mass exchange only between the one-dimensional river cells and the adjacent floodplain cells. Flow exchange between the river and floodplain cells or that between adjoining floodplain cells is represented by a weir type equation. The model employs a linearized form of the flow equation for avoiding instability, common to such coupled models. The rigorously tested model is applied in the study for predicting the extent of inundation for a flood event to a stretch of the River Thames, United Kingdom and compared with the corresponding observed imagery of the flood extents.

7 illus, 4 ref

012618   Kidwai N R;Khan E;Beg R (NO, , Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Integral Univ, Email: naimkidwai@gmail.com) : Memory efficient no list SPECK (NSK) wavelet image coder for memory-constrained applications. J Remote Sensing GIS 2012, 3(3), 1-16.

Fast and memory-efficient listless version, of set-partitioned embedded block (SPECK) image coder is proposed. D3ue to the use of linkd lists, the original SPECK algorithm requires large run-time memory, making it unsuitable for memory-constrained applications. The proposed coder replaces linked list with small fixed static memory, to keep track of blocks in set partitioning only and use only two markers to facilitate coding. Replacement of linked lists with small faed-size static memory also reduces the memory access time, thereby making it faster than the original SPECK. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperfoms SPECK image coder in terms of memory requirement and computational complexity while retaining the coding efficiency and scalability. The proposed coder requires 0,25-bit per pixel state memory which is 3.125% of the memory to store the image. These features make it suitable for resource-constrained portable handheld multimedia devices.

8 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

012617   Khan N;Islam M;Wasi Baig M (Civil Engineering Dep, AMU, Aligarh, Email: er.nadim@gmail.com) : A dynamic model of the activated sludge process. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(3), 667-72.

Dynamic model of the activated sludge process was used to analyze and optimize the operation of an SBR treating slaughterhouse wastewater. The existing treatment cycle (duration of fill, aeration, and mix, decanting and wasting periods) was found to be inadequate for meeting effluent requirements under a number of different loading scenarios. Modeling analysis indicated that the aeration phase was too long and the settling phase too short. Simulation of a new SBR cycle operation, in which the superfluous time in the aeration phase was distributed to the settling phase and a new anoxic phase, confirmed that the unit could meet the stringent effluent requirements. Using an iterative approach, optimal cycle settings were determined for each of the loading and temperature scenarios investigated.

1 illus, 7 tables, 5 ref

012616   Keche A J;Amba Prasad Rao G;Tated R G (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506 004, Email: ambaprasadrao@gmail.com) : Performance evaluation of wood gasifier. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2012, 3(3), 1-9.

Generating electrical energy through biomass has advantages besides achieving self-sustainability. Biomass is particularly useful for agriculture dependent economy nations like India. Energy conversion systems based on biomass are particularly interesting because biomass utilization effectively closes the carbon cycle. An experimental investigation on biomass based gasifier engine system of 35kVA capacity has been carried out for power generation application. Problems of cooling and cleaning hot and dirty gas from gasifier has been satisfactory solved by cooling and filtration system. The gasifier developed is observed to be operator friendly. The quality of gas is evaluated in terms of its composition, conversion efficiency and total paniculate matter. Maximum output of power plant was obtained at combustion zone temperature of 850°C. The experimental investigations show that the percentage reduction in total paniculate matter is 89.32%. The conversion efficiency of biomass gasifiers is found to be dependent on gasifier operating conditions and fuel properties. The optimum value of equivalence ratio was observed to be 0.3134 for achieving maximum gas conversion efficiency of a present gasifier configuration.

10 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

012615   Kavitha C T;Chellamuthu C (ECE Dep, Jerusalem College of Engineering, Affiliated to Anna Univ, Pallikaranai, Tamil Nadu, Email: ranjanakannan@yahoo.co.in) : Fusion of PET and MRI images using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(10), 651-6.

Fusion of the PET and MRI images provides complete information, better visualization and higher diagnostic accuracy. This paper proposes the fusion of PET and MRI images using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The PET and MRI images are initially decomposed using the second generation wavelets. The second generation wavelet transform is shift invariant. The second generation wavelet coefficients are then fused using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Then the inverse transform is applied to the fused coefficients and the fused image is obtained. The performance of this algorithm is validated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The metrics used for the analysis are entropy, average gradient, average, standard deviation, mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio. It is also compared with the existing methods of image fusion. The proposed algorithm extracts more information from the source images, provides better contrast and brightness as compared to the existing fusion techniques.

6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

012614   Jadaun V S;Sharma P K (Electronics Dep, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior-05, Email: veermtech@gmail.com) : Design a rectangular spiral microstrip multi-band antenna. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(3), 1-9.

This paper presents a rectangular spiral microstrip antenna operate in multi-band between the frequency ranges of 0.5-5.0 GHz. The proposed rectangular spiral microstrip antenna will be light weight, flexible, slim and compact unit compare with current antenna used in these bands. The paper also presents the detail steps of designing the rectangular spiral microstrip antenna and at different iteration level. This paper is also present how to increase no of bands and return loss of rectangular spiral microstrip antenna. IE3D software is used to compute the S₁, VSWR and Smith chart of the antenna.

13 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

012613   Hrisheekesha P N;Sharma J (E & E Dep, MIT, Manipal Univ, Maipal, Email: pnhrishikesh@yahoo.com) : Genetic algorithm based optimal volt/var control of distribution systems with distributed generation. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2011, 1(3), 1-17.

In this paper, new voltage regulation algorithms have been proposed for Distribution System (DS) equipped wrth Distributed Generation (DG). Due to the ever increasing power demand, the power system sector is facing too many challenges to fulfill that demand and also to supply power with proper acceptable quality. Distributed generation is one of the most efficient solutions to meet the increasing demand. When integrated with the grid, it has its own technical as well as economical impacts. One of the critical areas of major concern resulting from the integration of DG into the DS is the voltage/reactive power (volt/var) control Normally, loads are modeled as a constant power load model, But. in reality, loads are voltage dependant. The first part of this paper proposes new voltage regulation methods in a radial distribution system with voltage dependant loads (VDLs) along with DG. Better and. accurate results can be expected by including VDLs, The second part of the paper presents Genetic algoritlun (GA): based optimal volt/var control in a DS with DG The GA based method, has been used to find optimal set points of volt/var control equipments in the DS with DG The simulation results have been found to be promising. This work can be a major step towards distribution system automation,, which is one of the primary targets of power sector.

19 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

012612   Hirkude J;Padalkar A S;Randeer J (NO, Padre Canceicao College of Engineering, Goa-403 722, Email: jhirkude@yahoo.com) : Investigations on biodiesel from waste cooking oil as diesel fuel substitute. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2010, 1(1), 1-10.

Waste cooking oil (WCO) as alternative fuel for diesel engines is the aim of this investigation. The high viscosity and poor volatility are the major limitations of waste cooking oil for their utilization in diesel engine. The most convenient method to use waste cooking oil as fuel is to convert it into biodiesel through transesterfication. The properties of waste cooking oil methyl ester such as viscosity, specific gravity, calorific value and flash point temperature were determined and compared with mineral diesel. This paper presents the results of investigations carried out on a brand new (Laxmi Industries, India made), single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection, diesel engine operated with biodiesel of waste cooking oil blended with mineral diesel. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature have been discussed. Present study is also carried out to investigate emission characteristics (particulate matter, SO_X, NO_X, CO₂, and CO) of blended biodiesel with mineral diesel in different composition. The performance parameters for different WCO biodiesel blends were found to be very close to diesel and the emission characteristics of engine improved significantly. It is possible to save Rs 21606 by running the engine on B50 mode (Daily 6 hour's operation for 300 days). The experimental results proved that use of biodiesel (produced from waste cooking oil) is viable option to diesel in diesel engine.

7 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

012611   Hart K;Oforka N C;James A O (Pure and Industrial Chemistry Dep, P.M.B. 5323, Port-Harcourt Univ, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria, Email: kaladahart@yahoo.com) : Comparative studies of the inhibitory properties of schiff bases (L_PYA and L_PHA) on mild steel corrosion in 0.5M HCl. Int J pure appl Chem 2011, 6(4), 469-73.

Weight loss method has been used to study the corrosion inhibitory properties of Schiff bases (L_GPA and L_PHA) on Mild Steel Corrosion in 0.5M HC1. Maximum inhibition efficiency was obtained at an optimum concentration of 1.0x10^-2M and highest temperature of 353K for both Schiff bases. A higher inhibition efficiency of 99.30% was obtained for L_PYA while 77.01% for L_PHA at the same temperature and concentration. However an increase in temperature increased the inhibition efficiencies of both Schiff bases. The phenomenon of chemical adsorption has been proposed for both Schiff bases since an increase in temperature showed a corresponding increase in their inhibition efficiency.

6 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

012610   Gupta V;Singhal S (Electronics Dep, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior-474 005, Email: varshag472@gmail.com) : Design of a microstrip patch antenna with an array of circular SRR using left-handed metamaterial. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(3), 10-14.

In this paper, the design of a patch antenna with a metamaterial composed of circular SRR is proposed. The proposed antenna design is fabricated on FR4 substrate and the experimental results obtained are in good agreement with the simulated results. By using the circular SRR structure the return loss of the conventional patch antenna has been improved from -l1.5dB to -18.5dB. influence of metamaterial designed on another layer characteristics of the conventional patch antenna along with a comparison of characteristics of the conventional patch antenna and the patch antenna with metamaterial is shown. By using the metamaterial the return loss of conventional patch antenna is increased from -11.5dB to -19dB. The antenna is simulated by using MOM based IE3D software. The simulated and experimental results are in good agreement.

11 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

012609   Gupta S;Chaube A;Verma P (RGPV, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: shailesh.gupta@hcet.hitkarini.com) : Gas turbine blade internal cooling by V-shaped rib turbulators. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(2), 331-40.

One of the traditional methods used to improve the efficiency of a gas turbine is to increase the inlet temperature; thereby increasing the power output and in turn, the efficiency. The problem associated with increasing the inlet temperature of a gas turbine is the failure of material due to excessive thermal stresses. This brings in the concept of cooling of turbine blades to incorporate the increase in the inlet temperature. Due to the complex flow through gas turbine blades, designers need data that will aid them in the development of efficient cooling designs. They need detailed hot gas path heat transfer and temperature distributions. They also need detailed flow and heat transfer data to understand the flow physics and to improve the current internal cooling designs. The use on an artificial roughness on leading and trailing walls of a gas turbine blade is an effective technique of internal cooling. A great number of experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of ribs on heat transfer in internal channels. In this paper an attempt has been made to specifically reviewed the heat transfer enhancement by using V-Shaped artificial roughness in Gas turbine blade internal cooling. The published data of heat transfer and friction factor by various investigators have been reviewed and presented.

4 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

012608   Gupta L;Kumar S;Sharma R C;Maini A K (Laser science and Technology Centre, Defence Research and Development Organization, Metcalfe House, Delhi-110 054, Email: lgl205@gmail.com) : Detection of bio-chemicals for UV-LIF lidar application. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(12), 800-3.

Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV-LIF) regime has been used for the detection of bio-chemicals like tyrosine, tryptophan NADH through a fiber coupled CCD detector. It is observed that the spectrum of the mixture of these bio-chemicals resembles more with that of the tryptophan. The effect of concentration and laser excitation energy on the fluorescence spectra of tryptophan has been investigated. Detection limit with the proposed set-up is found to be one ppm. The study is a part of development of UV-LIF LIDAR system for the standoff detection of biological warfare agents.

3 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

012607   Goyal V;Arora P;Sharma S (NO, , Aerospace Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Email: vikrant.goyal1991@gmail.com) : Alternate aircraft propulsion technique. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2012, 2(3), 24-7.

Underlying paper presents the use of lasers in aircraft engines for combustion. The proposed theoretical model of an aircraft engine uses laser as a source to ignite fuel and thereby imparting propulsive power to the aircraft. Lasers being a promising source of energy provide an option of complete and uniform heating of the air-fitel mixture which ensure complete and clean, combustion of fuel. Main emphasis for conceptualization of this paper is to make aircraft industry greener. Therefore, laser guns as an ignition source also demonstrate a unique property of sterilizing the air that, passes through its path. So, the air available for combustion is free from organic substances and exhaust formed will be less polluting as compared to conventional engine exhausts. Some of the research works that have been completed do exhibit very promising results, which will be discussed in upcoming sections.

6 illus, 4 ref

012606   Goel P;Rakesh Kumar;Mathur R (NO, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi-110 025, Email: pankajgoel.goel4@gmail.com) : Experimental study on concrete reinforced with fibrillated fiber. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(11), 722-6.

This research paper presents experimental study on the performance of polypropylene fibrillated fiber reinforced concrete. The properties of concrete with and without fibers have been compared in this paper. In this experimental work three different dosage of fibrillated fiber (0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% by volume) were used. Important concrete properties i.e. slump, bleeding, settlement, compressive strength, flexural behavior, drying shrinkage, abrasion resistance, and splitting tensile strength have been studied in this experimental work. The following important observations for the concrete containing fibrillated fiber were found: i) Drastic reduction in slump of concrete; ii) Reduction in settlement of concrete; iii) Insignificant effect on compressive and splitting tensile strength; iv) Drastic reduction in drying shrinkage; v) Increasing trend in flexural strength with increase in fiber dosage; indicating several technical benefits on addition of fibrillated fiber in concrete.

6 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

012605   Gaurav Kumar;Singh S;Dwivedi B (NO, Institute of Engineering Technology, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: engg.gauravkumar@gmail.com) : New technique of simultaneous measurement of ECG and PCG signals. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2011, 1(1), 1-7.

Measures the bioelectrical signals ECG (electrocardiogram) and PCG (phonocardiogram) simultaneously. At present individual signal measuring equipment are available such as ECG machine and stethoscope (digital) etc. The diagnosis purpose both the signal have significant meaning individually, the PCG signal measured through stethoscope by an expert medical person. But the technique for simultaneous display and measurement of ECG and PCG signal may sort out some harmful condition and can give significant meaning before its occurrence such as heart attack and other heart problem. The ECG and PCG signal are measured simultaneously amplified, filtered, digitized and then displayed on screen of computer or using display unit in time/frequency frame. To carry out the study of correlation between phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram signals simultaneous acquisition and recording is the first and foremost requirement. For this purpose a hardware setup had been developed which consists of phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram. Both of this setup has been found working satisfactory and their performance has been expected throughout the work. For signal analysis and feature extraction it is essential that the electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram signals should be recorded and stored in the computer, so that analysis can be carried out using software, therefore hardware has been interfaced with the PC using PCL-207 add-on card. For acquisition and storing both the signals, software have been developed stores these signals in amplitude verses tome format. Software has also been developed for extracting features like R peaks, heart sounds, cardiac interval, heart rate, duration between two consecutive first heart sounds and 1st & 2nd heart sound duration.

11 illus, 10 ref

012604   Garg A;Sandhu K S;Saini L M (Electronics Engineering Dep, Institute of Technology and Management, Gurgaon, Email: anjaligarg@itmindia.edu) : Fuzzy logic based electronics load controller for self-excited induction generators. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2011, 2(2), 1-7.

Deals with the design and implementation of a fuzzy logic based controller for regulating the output voltage and frequency of a self-excited induction generator (SEIG). electronic load controller (ELC) along with fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to maintain the electrical load constant at the output terminals. The controlling action will be taken by FLC whenever there will be the difference between the rated load current and the actual load current. Comparison between the output obtained using conventional controller and fuzzy logic based controller is also shown. It has been observed that by using conventional controller overshoots takes place whenever there is sudden variation in load while smooth changeover takes place in case of use of fuzzy logic controller. Results are simulated in Matlab/Simulink.

13 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

012603   Gahlaut V;Sharma R K;Srivastava V;Alvi P A; Ghosh S (Microwave Tubes Div, Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (Council of Scienti, (CSIR) Pilani-333 031, Email: ghoshsk@rediffmail.com) : Thermo-mechanical analysis of electron gun for traveling-wave tubes. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(3), 591-9.

Travelling wave tubes (TWTs) are power amplifier for communication satellite. The electron gun plays a significant role in determining the life and reliability of a TWT. For long life and reliable TWT, a cathode needs to be operated at lower temperature, and, hence, proper heat shielding from cathode is important. To avoid heat drainage from cathode, cathode is shielded with tantalum heat shields. A three dimensional thermal and structural analysis of electron gun is being carried out using finite element analysis (FEA) code COSMOS. The thickness and material property of cathode heat shield is a critical parameter and are presented here. Moreover, expansion of cathode, beam focus electrode (BFE) and anode in both axial and radial directions are also studied due to temperature distribution. Also a frequency analysis of electron gun assembly has also been carried out.

6 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

012602   Edris H;Ali R R;Ghorban A;Gordon M;Ali R D (Environmental Health Engineering Dep, Faculty of Health, Lorestan Medical Sciences Univ, Khorramabad, Iran, Email: kemckayg@ust.hk) : Adsorption of acid black 1 by using activated carbon prepared from scrap tires: kinetic and equilibrium studies. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(10), 682-9.

The effects of initial dye concentration, pH, contact time and the adsorbent dosage were studied. The chemical composition and solid structure of the activated carbon were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The surface area was measured using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm. Experimental adsorption isotherms were well fitted by Langmuir model and maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) for ABlwas found to be 14.51 mg g^-1. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of AB1 complies with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² <62> 0.9999).

6 illus, 5 tables, 25 ref

012601   Durga Sukumar G;Pathak M K (NO, Electrical Engineering Dep, IIT Roorkee-247 667, Email: durgadee@iitr.ernet.in) : Torque ripple minimization of high-power fed induction motor drive using low switching frequency. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2011, 1(3), 18-28.

Multi-level inverter has emerged as an important topology in the area of lugh-power-medium voltage energy control applications due to its several advantages such as its good harmonic rejection capability, better output voltage with reduced ripple, reduction of voltage ratings of the power semiconductor switching devices and also the reduced electro-magnetic interference problems, etc. This paper presents the torque ripple minimization and the performance under different operating conditions (dynamic and steady state) of indirect vector-controlled high-power ted induction motor driven by three-level inverter with the low switching frequency 0.51 kHz It also presents simplified space-vector modulation method for a tliree-level inverter, The torque ripple of induction motor drive fed with a two-level inverter and a three-level inverter is compared. The total harmonic distortion values of inverter line-to-line voltages and induction motor phase current values me also compared using two-level inverter and three-level inverter.

11 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

012600   Dongre A;Chouhan J S;Khare R N;Jain A K; Tiwari R P (NO, , Technical Education Bhopal) : Developing a knowledge data base for retrofitting of pile structures. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(1), 247-8.

Piles used in integral bridges are both vertically and laterally loaded. The lateral stiffness of vertical piles is very important in design. They should be designed to be flexible to move under thermal and seismic loading. The lateral resistance of the soil near the surface is significant to pile design. Two types of soil behavior are generally considered in estimating ultimate resistance of soil for laterally loaded piles. The first wedge by lateral movement in second type of behavior the soil attempts to flow around the pile at some depth below the ground surface which is known as plane-strain failure. All of the ground response analysis described, have considered cases in which no structure is present. When a structure founded on solid rock is subjected to an earthquake, the extremely high stiffness of the rock constrains the rock motion to be very close to the free-field motion. Structure founded on rock is considered to be fixed-base structure. Computation of their response is relatively simple using the methods. Second, the dynamic response of the structure itself would induce deformation of the supporting soil. This process, in which the response of the soil influences the motion of the structure and the response of the structure influences the motion of the soil, is referred to as soil-structure interaction.

2 ref

012599   Dhoot S B;Jaju D R;Deshmukh S A;Panchal B M; Sharma M R (Nurture Earth Research and Development Pvt. Ltd, MIT, Beed bypass road, Aurangabad-431 028, Email: shrikantdhoot@gmail.com) : Extraction of Thevetia peruviana seed oil and optimization of biodiesel production using alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2011, 2(2), 8-16.

Crude Thevetia peruviana seed oil was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production using alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. Effect of various solvents and solvent combinations on the extraction of seed oil showed that chloroform is the best amongst all other solvent studied with 48% w/w oil yield. The optimized process conditions for Thevetia peruviana biodiesel production were an oil-to-methanol ratio of 1:6 w/w, catalyst concentration of 1.0% w/w of methanol under reflux condition for 2 h. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained was 83% under these conditions. Thevetia peruviana seed oil biodiesel produced was characterized for the properties such as the kinematic viscosity at 40°C, density at 25°C, flash point (FP), pour point (PP), cloud point (CP), acid value, total ester content, and copper stripe corrosion. Thevetia peruviana biodiesel produced met with the quality standards defined under ASTM D675-02. The results of present study indicate that Thevetia peruviana seed oil can be used as a potential alternative to produce biodiesel.

5 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

012598   Dhanasekaran N;Ravibharath R;Ganesh Kumar K; Buvanashekaran G;Manoharan S;Suresh S;Dharmalingam S (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Phased array ultrasonic testing of magnetically impelled arc butt welds. WRI Jl 2011, 32(2), 16-21.

MIAB welding is a new solid phase welding process being introduced by WRI for economiser tubes welding applications. However there is no established NDT as offered by the original developer of the process - Paton Welding Institute, Ukraine. Since it is a relatively new process for the high pressure applications, it is essential to have reliable method for assessing these weld joints. There is a requirement for developing NDT technology for this welding process. WRI has taken up a feasibility study of Phased array ultrasonic testing to ensure the product quality of tube to tube butt joints welded by MIAB welding process. Phased array ultrasonic testing has been applied by establishing ultrasonic testing procedure with special reference block prepared for the specific weld joint and the UT results are validated with bend test and micro/macro analysis. Problem definition, requirement of suitable NDT, development of special reference block, application of Phased array UT technique, and validation of the PAUTtest results are presented in this article.

10 illus, 1 table, 2 ref

012597   Dhanasekaran N;Gunasekar S (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Phased array ultrasonic testing. WRI Jl 2011, 32(3), 19-25.

The benefits of phased array technology over conventional UT come from its ability to use multiple elements to steer, focus and scan beams with a single transducer assembly. Beam steering, commonly referred to sectorial scanning, can be used for mapping components at appropriate angles. This can greatly simplify the inspection of components with complex geometry. The small footprint of the transducer and the ability to sweep the beam without moving the probe also aids inspection of such components in situations where there is limited access for mechanical scanning. Sectorial scanning is also typically used for weld inspection. The ability to test welds with multiple angles from a single probe greatly increases the probability of detection of anomalies. Electronic focusing permits optimizing the beam shape and size at the expected defect location, as well as further optimizing probability of detection. The ability to focus at multiple depths also improves the ability for sizing critical defects for volumetric inspections. Focusing can significantly improve signal-to-noise ratio in challenging applications, and electronic scanning across many groups of elements allows for C-Scan images to be produced very rapidly. In this article an attempt is made to introduce the phased array ultrasonic testing to the readers to get an idea to use the technology for the benefit of product quality. Advantages and disadvantages of Phased array ultrasonic testing are indicated at the beginning itself.

11 illus, 2 ref

012596   Deepa M S;Janardhana K;Gupta S C (NO, MVJ College of Engineering, Channasandra, Bangalore, Email: satish_chender_gupta@yahoo.co.in) : Air loads criticality. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2012, 2(3), 1-23.

Definition of structural design air loads and the validation through flight clearance are brought out for the robust structural design. Impact of electronic fight control system degradation on structural design loads is The control law development during prototype phase effect the design load definition. Ultimate load factor reduction and fatigue life criteria are highlighted. Static and dynamic load assessments are covered. Some issues on load alleviation are addressed. The information brought out in this paper is based OK authors' experiences in aircraft design & development. It is valuable for structural design & weight reduction.

17 illus, 10 ref

012595   Danao S P;Joshi J B (Chemical Engineering dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: jb.joshi@ictmumbai.edu.in) : Solar cooking: optimization of paraboloidal concentrator. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2011, 77(4), 373-88.

The assembly of paraboloidal solar concentrator and cylindrical receiver is used for direct food cooking. Mathematical model has been developed for determining the performance of this system. Computational approach has been followed to study the effect of various geometrical parameters such as (i) aspect ratio of the cylindrical receiver, (ii) radial distance of the segment from the central axis, (iii) axial distance of the segment along the central axis and (iv) orientation of segment with the horizontal plane. Segment-wise optimization is performed to arrive at the final shape of the concentrator. It is observed that the optical efficiency enhances from 0.74 to 0.81 when receiver aspect ratio is increased from one to two. For the aspect ratio of two, optical efficiency enhances from 0.81 to 0.91. Aperture area enhances by 9 % for the same surface area of the concentrator. Overall energy collection is observed to be higher by 22 %. The methodology is expected to be useful for the optimisation of a solar tower.

11 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

012594   Chopra N;Koul S K;Sharma M U (Solid State Physics Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Ministry of Defence (Government of India), Lucknow Road, Delhi-110 054, Email: nishtha50376@yahoo.com) : On-wafer calibration of vector network analyzer-fabrication of LRM calibration standard. J Elect Des Technol 2011, 2(2), 1-7.

Vector network analyzer or VNA has become ascendant of most measuring networks above 1 GHz. These networks consist of various manufacturing defects (due to resistance, capacitance and inductance) including VNA errors. To measure these errors, VNA was calibrated using a calibration kit. The usage of this calibration kit squanders a lot of time and money; moreover, the results are not accurate. To avoid this, the concept of on-wafer calibration is introduced, wherein calibration patterns are developed on a wafer and hence connected to specially designed RF probes to calibrate VNA.

5 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

012593   Chakravorty S K (NO, National Productivity Council, New Delhi) : Total productive maintenance-a dynamic enabler to manage productivity in a manufacturing organization. Productivity 2011, 52(2-3), 97-101.

In most of manufacturing organizations, the maintenance departments are considered a necessary evil than the foundation of our manufacturing processes and integral part of customer's satisfaction team. But by following Total Productive Maintenance philosophy, any manufacturing organization can be made world class by eliminating six big losses. The author has dealt with the types of losses and the TPM implementation steps to maximize overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in the manufacturing set-ups. Some benefits achieved by various organizations has been also discussed based on the studies carried out by the author in those organizations.

5 ref

012592   Chakravorty S K (NO, National Productivity Council, New Delhi) : Energy conservation through improved maintenance of plant and machinery. Productivity 2011, 52(2-3), 83-8.

The corporate monthly energy bill has, until recently, rarely been viewed by the maintenance department of a company. Due to globalization of economy and the consequent need for the development of a competitive edge to survive in the global market, the corporations finally recognize maintenance as an integral part of the production process. In order to maximize overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), the individual roles of each department has lead to teamwork and new cooperative initiatives. One of these initiatives allows the maintenance department to share the responsibility and gain recognition for its energy reduction efforts. This article discusses about nine important areas where energy conservation can be achieved by the maintenance function of an organization.

7 ref

012591   Chaitanya Raju P V K;Shukla A (SOST Dep, International Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Email: abhisheks@isquareit.ac.in) : Study and modelling of Id allocation scheme for controller area network. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(2), 8-14.

Diverse Bus standards are employed in dedicated application field considering the required safety level, data rate and costs. The Controller Area Network is a widely used communication protocol used in automotives. CAN is mostly used in real time safety critical system where the performance of communication is significant. Performance analysis of the CAN is very important and can be done either using hardware or software, using hardware is costly and time consuming. Analysis of performance using software is relatively easy and saves lot of time. This research aims in designing or modelling a bus and block for CAN for analyzing the performance of the CAN bus using the MATLAB simulink and also compare CAN bus configurations with other dominating bus systems such as FlexRay which is presently used in automotive industry.

7 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

012590   Buvanashekaran G;Manoharan S (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Magnetically impelled arc butt welding a high productivity method for tube joining. WRI Jl 2011, 32(1), 12-20.

Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welding (MIAB) is previously known as magnet arc welding. MIAB welding is a solid state method of joining pipe and tube, having similarity with Flash butt welding in terms of resultant welds. MIAB welding is predominantly being used in highly automated fabrication lines such as automotive industries. In this process heat is generated prior to forging by an arc generated between the two components, i.e. tubes. This arc made to rotate along the peripheral edges of the tubes to be welded by the electromagnetic force resulting from the interaction of the arc current and the magnetic field in the gap. This rotating arc heats up the faying surfaces of the tubes to cause localised melting and adjacent softening in the heat affected zone. Finally, the parts are forged together to obtain an acceptable weld. The use of MIAB welding in cross country pipeline construction will reduce the fabrication cost and cycle time for project execution. This article deals with the process principle, prototype development at WRI for process understanding and potential applications in industries. In addition, studies carried out at WRI with three different type of tubes used in boiler applications are detailed. The results show the suitability of the MIAB welding process for joining of tubes, similar to flash butt welding, for industrial applications.

11 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

012589   Batwal S;Mahor A (Electrical Engineering Dep, NRI Institute of Information Science and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462 021, Email: shiksha.batwal@gmail.com) : Simulation of sub-synchronous resonance (SSR), and mitigation of SSR by static synchronous series compensator with lead lag compensator. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2012, 2(1), 18-23.

This research work presents at narrative method of alleviating the SSR problem using a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). This method is based on using the SSSC to inject unbalanced series quadrature voltages and unbalanced shunt reactive currents in transmission line just after clearing faults. When the sub-synchronous oscillations drive unsymmetrical phase currents, the electromagnetic torque will be lower than the condition when three-phase currents are symmetrical. The unsymmetrical currents result in a lower coupling strength between the mechanical and electrical systems at asynchronous oscillations. Therefore, the energy exchanges between the electrical and mechanical systems at sub-synchronous oscillations will be suppressed, thus avoiding build-up of torsional stresses on the generator shaft systems under sub-synchronous resonance condition, Stator current and voltage signals of synchronous generator are used as damping signals. In present work, SSR has been artificially developed by generating 3-phase LLL-G fault. Further, in order to mitigate this sub-synchronous resonance problem, lead lag compensator with SSSC is adopted. For analyzing effectiveness of this method, a Simulink mods! is developed and through results if has been concluded that the proposed method SSSC with lead lag compensator gives improved results.

8 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

012588   Asokkumar K;Padmanaban K;rai S C;Mehta V K; Gaur L;Ravichandran C P;Raja A;Rajasekaran N (Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-14) : Development of friction stir welding machine for palm assembly of aluminium bus duct: BHEL's experience. WRI Jl 2011, 32(2), 5-10.

Aluminium bus duct is used for transferring power from generator to transformer. A brief description of the aluminium bus duct application is made and the friction stir welding machine developed for fabrication of palm assembly in bus duct is being discussed in this paper.

13 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

012587   Ashok Kumar;BUddhi D;Chauhan D S (Shivalik College of Engineering, Shimla Bypaas, Dehradun, Email: dbuddhi@gmail.com ) : Life cycle cost optimization of various building envelope configurations with thermal load of an energy efficient building situated in composite climate of India. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2011, 2(2), 17-29.

Energy efficiency in buildings has become a thrust area due to energy and environment-related issues. In this paper, an energy efficient building situated at Delhi, India has been analyzed for the life cycle cost, which includes the cost of material, air-conditioning machine, and operational cost for various configurations of fire clay bricks and ash blocks building envelope. It was found that use of ash block can significantly reduce the annual cost of the building. Due to the light weight of ash block, the requirement of structure strength in terms of used material like iron, cement, aggregate, etc. would be reduced considerably and its use further may help in reducing the embodied energy in terms of energy consumed by all the processes associated with the production of material and operation of air conditioning machines used. Hence, the various parameters discussed in this paper can be key parameters towards sustainability and can be a step to calculate the energy-environment performance index of buildings.

4 illus, 15 tables, 10 ref

012586   Arun S;Sundaraj K;Murugappan M (School of Mechatronics Engineering, Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP) Univ, Ulu Pauh, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia, Email: arurun@gmail.com) : Hypovigilance detection using energy of electrocardiogram signals. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(12), 794-9.

Driver drowsiness and driver inattention are the major causes for road accidents leading to severe traumas such as physical injuries, deaths, and economic losses. This necessitates the need for a system that can alert the driver on time, whenever he is drowsy or inattentive. Previous research works report the detection of either drowsiness or inattention. In this work, we aim to develop a system that can detect hypovigilance, which includes both drowsiness and inattention, using Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Fifteen male volunteers participated in the data collection experiment where they were asked to drive for two hours at 3 different times of the day (00:00 - 02:00 hrs, 03:00 - 05:00 hrs and 15:00 - 17:00 hrs) when the circadian rhythm is low. The results indicate that the energy feature of ECG is efficient to detect hypovigilance with a maximum accuracy of 98%. The two types of inattention namely visual and cognitive are also analyzed in this work.

3 illus, 6 tables, 48 ref

012585   Andharia B R;Samtani B K (Civil Engineering Dep, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat-395 007, Email: andharia.bhoomi@gmail.com) : A mathematical model for predicting friction factor and variation effect of shear velocity reynold number of Tapi river in south Gujarat. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2011, 23(1), 139-48.

The friction factor of an open channel flow is generally affected by the characteristics of the fluid, flow, geometry of the channel and the characteristics of the channel boundary. So, here the attempt has been made to compute the friction factor following the different methods and an approach based on the field data of 15 years of Tapi River for monsoon season and studies the variation of friction factor with Shear velocity Reynolds number. The mathematical model to predict the friction factor for the Tapi River at Savkheda Gauging station has been developed by using the average value of the friction factor obtained by various methods based on various approaches and the multiple regression analysis. The multiple regression analysis has been carried out by using the non-linear curve fitter of the origin 7.5 software. The mathematical model has been developed relating the Shear velocity Reynolds number with the friction factor.

4 tables, 7 ref

012584   Anbarasan M;Rashmiranjandas (Power Electronics and Drives Div, VIT Univ, Vellore, Email: anbu_vit2010@yahoo.com) : Simplified indirect control scheme for shunt-active power filters. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2012, 2(1), 1-7.

Presents a simplified indirect control scheme for shunt-active power filters for compensating harmonic currents and improving power facto. The control is based on the simple method for generation of the reference compensating current. The reference compensating current is obtained by subtracting load current from reference source current PI controller is used to adjust the amplitude of the reference source current that regulates the DC capacitor voltage, Hysteresis baud current controller is used to control the shunt-active power filter output current with less switching; ripples. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for the single-phase and three-phase shunt-active power filters is analyzed through simulations usma Matlab Simulink software.

15 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

012583   Ali N;VijayaKumar R L;Murthy C R L (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: murthy.crl@gmail.com) : Eddy current imaging technique for quantitative analysis of defects in aircraft components. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2012, 2(1), 1-5.

Aircraft industty's concern is primarily in the area of safety of components and structures and it is extremely important to constantly evaluate and monitor the structures and systems for defects and anomalies noninvasively, thereby preventing unplanned outages and shutdowns as also catastrophes. To accomplish this, different nondestructive testing techniques have been in use since decades. Sack technique is unique by itself and has its associated advantages and limitations; a suitable NDT technique for a particular case has to be selected depending on the type of material, structure and defect damage, Eddy current technique has been used in the evaluation of aircraft components and metallic structures to detect and quantify surface and subsurface defects like cracks, particularly in high stress-concentration regions like riveted and/or bolted joints. While imaging a defect using ultrasonic methods is quite common, eddy current imaging is currently gaining ground. The approach used in this work for detection and quantification of an intentionally, introduced crack in a steel plate is to image using eddy current technique. The data obtained was used to generate an image of the defect which was subsequently quantified in terms of length and width. The results obtained are quite encouraging and can be treated as a precursor for wider use of eddy current imaging technique.

5 illus, 9 ref

012582   Aghwariya M K;Singhal P K (Electronics Engineering Dep, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior-474 005, Email: mahi_wings@ymail.com) : Microstrip planar broadband yagi-uda antenna for X-band communication. J Elect Des Technol 2012, 3(3), 35-9.

In this paper, a planar Yagi-Uda antenna based on classic Yagi-Uda dipole antenna is accessible which is very useful for microwave wireless applications. This antenna provides relatively high gain and more directive radiation pattern at X frequency band with proper impedance matching. This antenna has been developed at supporting dielectric constant of 4.4, supported substrate thickness of 1.6 mm and loss tangent of 0.02. The proposed antenna is completely compatible with microwave circuitry and wireless communication system. This antenna is simulated by using IE3D simulation software. Return loss, smith chart, gain frequency graph also presented.

7 illus, 1 table, 14 ref