003636   SINGH K, KAUR S (Agronomy Dep, Khalsa Coll, Amritsar, Punjab) : Effect of different methods of sowing and row orientation on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1047-50.

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-16 at the Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College Amritsar, on sandy loam soil, low in organic carbon and available N, Medium in available P and high in available K. Field experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising four methods of sowing such as (Bed Planting, Zero tillage, Flat drilling, Happy seeder) and two row orientation as (North-South and East-West) replicated four times. Bed planting recorded 14 % and 10.48 % higher grain yield over happy seeder and zero tillage sowing respectively. Bed planting method produced significantly higher growth characters (i.e. plant height, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, yield contributing characters effective tillers, grains ear-1 , grain and straw yield, harvest index and B C ratio) than happy seeder and zero tillage sowing. Between row orientation, north-south row orientation, produced higher growth and yield attributes than east-west whereas grain yield and biological yield was 3.86 % and 3.77 % higher than east-west sowing direction respectively.

3 tables, 12 ref

003449   BHOSALE T R, DEEP N, CHICHAGHARE A R, DEY S, PANDEY R K (Animal Husbandry & Dairying Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Chelated mineral supplement for boosting milk production. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1035-8.

India being an agrarian country has a wide agricultural base complemented by an ever-expanding livestock sector which contributes 4.11% of total GDP and 25.6% of total agricultural GDP. As the ownership of livestock is more evenly distributed with landless labourers and marginal farmers, the progress in this sector will result in a more balanced development of the rural economy. So, it is quite imperative to boost this sector especially when it determines livelihood of millions of people. Increase in milk production and its sustainability are associated with both genetic and nutritional improvement factors. Chelated supplements are helps in enhance milk production. The effect of supplementing chelated minerals (fedamin) manufactured by ‘Guybro chemicals’ with the concentrate mixture was evaluated in terms of milk production, composition & mineral status of the animals on lactating ‘Sahiwal’ & ‘Haryana’ cows at ‘Gowshala’ Dairy farm, BHU, Varanasi. 1st group were put on control feeding, i.e. fed concentrate mixture without chelated minerals. The 2nd & 3rd group were given 50 g (25+25 g morning & evening) & 75 g (37.5+37.5 g morning & evening) of chelated mineral supplement/ head/ day respectively (fedamin). The chelated minerals were fed to the animals with concentrate mixture during milking time (Morning & Evening). The observations were recorded for 21 days. The milk composition was checked in Department of Animal Husbandry & dairying lab by ‘Ekomilk’ machine.It was concluded that the inclusion of amino acid chelates in the feed of lactating cows show statistically and economically significant positive effect such as 15-16 % increase in milk production when fed at the rate of 25 g/day.

3 tables, 9 ref

003608   SALVE S, BHALEKAR S G, GAWADE N, NILWARN Y (Horticulture Dep, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist., Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) : Performance of promising genotypes of gaillardia (Gaillardia pulchella L.) for yield attributes and storage study. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1032-4.

In India floriculture industry is gaining importance for domestic and export market. Indian blanket blooms profusely even in light sands along seashore. The Gaillardias provide an abundant supply of cut flowers with little effort. The present investigation was conducted at Horticulture section, college of Agriculture, Pune with objectives to assess the promising genotypes of gaillardia for yield characters and examine the storage performance. Based on the results obtained from the investigation the genotype MG9-1, MG-2-2 and MG-6-2 showed better storage performance and quantitative characters.

2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

003590   PRADHAN M, PAUL A (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Agriculture Coll, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) : Induced genetic variability for different quantitative characters in sesame (Sesamum indicum). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1026-31.

The field experiment was conducted during post-kharif season, 2015 and pre-kharif season, 2016 at the Agricultural Farm of Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan. Dry and homogeneous seeds of two varieties of sesame were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays viz. 250, 300, 350 and 400 Gy. Analysis of variance for different plants in M1 generation and families in M2 generation of each genotype of Rama and Tillotoma for different polygenic characters or parameters are carried out. The parameters investigated include days to flowering, days to 50% flowering, plant height, no. of branches per plant, no. of siliqua per plant, no. of seeds per siliqua, siliqua length, days to maturity, 1000 seed weight. In M1 generation, mean sum of squares due to variety were, however, significant for only germination (%) and no. of siliqua per plant, while the dose × variety interaction effects were significant for germination (%), shoot length, days to 50% flowering, plant height, no. of seeds per capsule and days to maturity which indicated that varieties/genotypes responded differently to different doses of gamma rays for these characters. In M2 generation, the mean sum of squares due to treatments were found to be significant for almost all the characters except number of primary branches per plant and 1000 seed weight in case of both Rama and Tillotoma, and for capsule length in Rama only. However, when analysis was done (considering families both from Rama and Tillotoma) in combination, were significant for all the characters except 1000 seed weight.

8 illus, 21 ref

003674   URAON M (Agronomy Dep, IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : Studies on efficacy of pre-mix penoxsulam + pendimethalin on weed growth of direct seeded rice. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1020-5.

The present investigation entitled “Sudies on efficacy of pre- mix penoxsulam + pendimethalin on weed growth, yield and economics of direct seeded rice” was carried out at Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur during kharif season of 2015. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture (Inceptisols), neutral in pH and has 0.44 % organic carban, low nitrogen, medium phosphorus and high potassium content. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The result of experiments indicated that the treatment Penoxsulam + Pendimethalin (10+240 g/l) SE @ 100 + 2400 g a.i. ha⁻ ¹ (T₅ ) registered maximum growth characters of rice like plant height, dry matter, number of tillers, leaf area, leaf area index, CGR.

2 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

003524   KERUTAGI M G, TALAVAR M, PAVITRA A S (Social & Allied Sciences Dep, Horticultural Sciences Univ, Bagalkot, Karnataka) : Impact of horticulture based integrated farming system on farmer’s income and welfare in Northern Karnataka. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1010-9.

The results of the research study conducted in Northern Karnataka to assess the impact of horticulture based integrated farming system on farmer’s income and welfare revealed that the average age of sample respondents of both integrated and non integrated farming systems were 44 and 61 years with the average family size of 5 in each of the cases. With respect to education, relatively higher proportions of the sample respondents are more literate in IFS than Non-IFS. The average farm size in the identified different farming systems found to be the largest in farming system-I (3.50 ha).The per hectare total cost incurred by sample farmers of IFS was Rs. 1,63,060 and it was Rs.2,67,840 for non integrated farming system sample farmers. The major item of cost under different farming was variable cost. The total variable cost in Non-Integrated farming system was more (Rs. 1, 69,172) compared to integrated farming system (Rs. 97, 612). The gross returns obtained by farmers of integrated farming system were Rs. 2, 62,602 per hectare. Similarly for Non-integrated farming system farmers the gross returns obtained were Rs. 2, 86,939 per hectare. Average net returns realized from different integrated farming systems together were the highest (Rs. 99,539) compared to Non-Integrated farming system (Rs. 19,098). Similarly Returns per rupee of expenditure of integrated farming system was higher (1.61) compared to NonIntegrated farming system (1.07). Integrated horticulture based farming system was a profitable venture and has positive influence on the standard of living and economic status of the farming community compared to Non- Integrated farming system, besides avoiding price risk and improvement in nutritional value of food as expressed by the respondents.

2 illus, 13 tables, 10 ref

003531   KUMAR A, KIRAN N, BISEN P, DADHEECH A (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Over the environment study of yield and yield contributing traits for exploitation of heterosis in maize (Zea mays L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1001-9.

Present study was carried out with 10 parents, their 45 hybrids mated in diallel fashion without reciprocals and 4 checks viz., Pratap QPM Hybrid- 1, Vivek QPM- 9, HQPM- 1 and HQPM- 5 in RBD for estimation of heterosis in two environments (Kharif 2014 and Rabi 2014-15) at the Instructional farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur. Analysis of variance in individual environment revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the characters in both the environments. By further partitioning of genotypic variance the mean square due to parents were significant for all the characters except for grain yield per plant which was non-significant in E2 environment. Mean squares due to crosses and mean sum of square due to parents v/s crosses were significant for all the characters in both the environments. Bartlett test shown homogeneity of error variance for ear girth, number of grain rows per ear and harvest index out of six characters under study. Pooled analysis revealed significant differences between the environments for these three characters. The mean squares due to genotypes including parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses were also significant for all the three characters. Mean squares due to genotypes x environment interactions were significant for ear girth and harvest index but for number of grain rows per ear it was non-significant, indicating influence of environment on the expression of this character. The partitioning of mean squares due to parents x environments were significant for all the three characters and due to crosses x environments interaction were significant for ear girth and harvest index while non-significant for number of grain rows per ear. Study of economic heterosis showed that for ear length four hybrids (P₂ x P₁₀, P₃ x P₅, P₅ x P₈ and P₂ x P₈) in E₁ while none of the hybrids in E2, for ear girth six hybrids (P₁ x P₈, P₃ x P₅, P₆ x P₈, P₅ x P₈, P₂ x P₅ and P₂ x P₈) in E₁ and none of the hybrids in E₂, for 100 grain weight two hybrids (P₆ x P₈ and P₇ x P₁₀) in E₁ only and for grain yield per plant six hybrids (P₆ x P₈, P₅ x P₈, P₃ x P₅, P₅ x P₇, P₁ x P₈ and P₂ x P₈) in E1 while none of the hybrid in E₂ exhibited positive significant economic heterosis over the best check. Over the environment study of harvest index indicated that only one hybrid P₁ x P₉ exhibited positive significant economic heterosis in E₁, E₂ and pooled environment over the best check Vivek QPM-9 in E₁ and on pooled basis while over Pratap QPM Hybrid-1 in E2. None of the hybrid exhibited positive significant Economic heterosis for ear girth and number of grain rows per ear.

5 tables, 40 ref

003546   MAHESH P N, SRINIVAS N, HIPPARAGI K, AWATI M, CHOLIN S, HIREMATH V M, RAVI G K (Fruit Science Dep, Horticultural Sciences Univ, Bagalkot, Karnataka) : Variability and correlation studies on fruit quality traits in mango seedling progenies under north eastern transitional zone of Karnataka. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 978-83.

The investigation was carried out to study the variability in physico-chemical parameters of among the seedling progenies of mango tree and correlation studies between quality parameters of the elite seedling progenies of mango in major growing parts of Bidar district. Among the 61 seedling selections selected in the present investigation, ‘YMS-05’ had the highest values for TSS (24.00 oBrix) and non-reducing sugars (14.39 %). 'CMS-47' had the maximum amount of total sugar (20.9 %) and reducing sugars (7.49 %) while, the lowest titrable acidity (0.14 %) and the highest TSS to acid ratio (160.00) were recorded in 'CMS-25'. The highest ascorbic acid content was noticed in 'CMS-01' (84.86 mg/100 g pulp), The maximum carotenoid content was noticed in 'CMS-63' (6496.36 µg/100 g). The TSS was positively correlated with total sugar, reducing sugar, non- reducing sugar, ascorbic acid content and TSS to acid ratio.

4 tables, 17 ref

003677   VANLALNEIHI B, KUMAR M, CHHANGTE L, GURUNG A (Vegetable Science Dep, Indian Institute of Horticultural research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, West Bengal) : Designing nutraceutical rich vegetable crops through conventional and molecular approaches. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 960-6.

The compositions of ingested foods have relationships to positive but also adverse health effects, such as cardiovascular disorders, cancers, diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Vegetables are important components of the diet, supplying a multitude of health-related phytochemicals viz, vitamins (A, B6, C, E, thiamine and niacin), phenolic compounds, carotenoids, alkaloids, flavanoids, minerals and dietary fiber. The current breeding trends addressed the feasibility of breaking down overall bioavailability into components such as anti nutrients and promoters. The QTL1 and QTL 2 of Brassica villosa is introgressed into Brassica oleracea var. italica for enhanced sulphoraphane. At AVRDC, the “Golden tomatoes” with 3 to 6 times higher‘β’ than standard types were developed. Spontaneous mutation of semi-dominant “Or” gene enhanced β’ carotene in cauliflower curd. The two transcription factors, Delila and Rosea1 from Antirrhinum majus accumulate high amounts of anthocyanin in tomato fruits. The transgenic potato possessed enriched carotenoids a result of lipoprotein–carotenoid sequestering structures at chromoplast. To pace the breeding process, molecular-marker-assisted selection, transformation, chromosome manipulations and generation of useful mutant alleles have been employed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

003666   THAMPI S S, VETHAMONI P I, ARYA M S (Vegetable Crops Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Quality improvement of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis Hort.) through organic manures. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 938-42.

Field experiments were conducted in the farmer’s field located at Sandayagoundampalayam in Thondammutur block of Coimbatore district during October 2015 - January 2016 and February 2016 - April, 2016 to study the effect of organic manuring practices for improving the quality of Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis Hort.) The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three replications. Among the different treatment combinations the organic treatments of soil application with vermicompost (4 t/ha) + liquid nitrogen biofertilizer (Azospirillum 200 ml/acre) + foliar spray of vermiwash (3 %) shown the significant improvement in quality parameters with highest ascorbic acid content (64.35 mg/100 g), total phenolic content (23.01 mg/100 g), total carotenoids (3.96 mg/100 g),calcium content (344.77 mg/100 g), iron content (15.8 mg/100 g), total antioxidant activity (3.43 mg/100 g) and shelf life (77.12 mg/ 100 g) over the inorganic treatment of soil application with straight fertilizers at 100 % RDF(T10). The oxalate content and nitrate content were found to be lowest in all the organic treatments compared to inorganic treatment (T₁₀).

3 tables, 19 ref

003467   DEVI M, KONDE N M, DESHMUKH P W, MALI D V, PASLAWAR A N (Soil Science & Agril Chemistry Dep, SKUAST-J, Chatha, Jammu and Kashmir) : Effect of tillage and intercropping on yield and soil health under rainfed condition. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 935-7.

A field study was conducted at Agronomy farm, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) during kharif season. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication and ten treatments consisting two tillage practices conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT). The higher yield was recorded in pigeonpea + sunhemp (GM) MT. Organic carbon, SMBC,DHA, available NPK were found improve after harvesting of crops. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium addition through biomass available for in-situ recycling and moisture content was found greater in minimum tillage as compared to conventional tillage.

2 tables, 15 ref

003474   DIXIT S, TRIPATHI R M, GIRI S P, PRASAD V (N D Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield contributing characters using cytoplasmic male sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 918-21.

Thirteen genotypes of rice (three lines and ten testers) with thirty F1s, develop through line x tester mating design to estimate general and specific combining ability variances and their effects. On the basis of desirable general combining ability IR 58025A was found good general combiner for earliness, dwarfness, total number of tillers per plant and number of panicle bearing tillers per plant. PMS 10A exhibited superior combining ability for number of fertile spikelet per panicle, panicle weight, test weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. PMS 8A was found a poor general combiner for all characters. Among testers, NDRK 5026 followed by NDRK 5028 was found good general combiner for most of the characters. Other testers in this study were poor combiner for grain yield and its major components. Among the thirty hybrids studied, PMS 10A x NDRK 5028, IR58025A x Annada, IR58025A x Sarjoo 52 exhibited high specific combining ability effects for grain yield and biological yield, while PMS 10A x Jaya, PMA 10A x NDRK 5028 and PMS 8A x Vikas showed high sca effects for earliness and dwarfness. None of the cross exhibited high specific combining ability effects for all the characters together.

4 tables, 14 ref

003628   SHINTHIYA S C, NATARAJAN N (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Genetic diversity of Tutaabsoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) populations in three districts of Tamil Nadu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 894-7.

The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Tutaabsoluta in vegetable growing regions of Tamil Nadu during September 2016 to August, 2017. Among the twenty four location surveyed in three districts viz., Coimbatore, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri, T. absoluta infestation was found in all locations. Species identification was confirmed by collecting adults from the surveyed locations. Molecular identification of specimens from surveyed districts was performed using mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers. Characterisation of T. absoluta populations from Coimbatore, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri Districts using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) revealed that the Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri population were closely related with NCBI accession sourced from IARI (KY619683), New Delhi, India, whereas, the Coimbatore population with Spain (GU353336) and Turkey (KTO02421) population.

10 ref

003492   HIREMATH U, CHANNAKESHAVA B C, BHANUPRAKASH K (Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur, Karnataka) : Biochemical markers for identification of cluster bean genotypes. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 885-93.

Cluster bean or guar is important cash crop in rain-fed, especially in semi-arid and arid regions of India. India alone contributes more than 80% of global guar production followed by 15% in Pakistan. Its cultivation in India is concentrated in northwestern states namely Rajasthan, Haryana, and Gujarat. Guar is a natural source of nano-particles of hydrocolloids (substance that forms thick solution at low concentration with water). Adequate characterization is necessary to facilitate utilization of genotypes in crop improvement and to distinguish a variety from all other varieties. In addition, seed certification, which forms a link between variety registration and seed production, involves an assessment of both varietal identity and purity to assure the quality of seed marketed to farmer or grower. Finally, the ultimate consumers of the harvested seed also often need to be certain that they are purchasing the correct variety particularly. The present study attempts to characterize cluster bean genotypes based on biochemical markers viz. protein and esterase. The results of the electrophoretic banding pattern of the protein profile suggested that the specific genotype could be differentiated by either based on the position or intensity of bands. But not on the numbers as some of the genotypes expressed similar number of bands. In the genotypes having same number of bands, the location and intensity of bands varied, this is useful for clear differentiation of the cluster bean genotypes. Based on the zymograms of total soluble proteins, Region D (29.0 to 43.0 KD), E (20.0 to 29.0 KD), F (14.3 to 29.0 KD) and G (< 14.3 KD) were found more useful to distinguish most of the genotypes studied, as the banding pattern was distinct for each genotype in these regions. A total number of 5 bands were noticed among the 20 tested genotypes in the zymogram of esterase. The difference in number of bands, position and intensity in esterase zymogram has been considered to distinguish genotypes for characterization. From these results it is clear that there is enough variation in protein and esterase isozyme profile among genotypes and could be considered as a tool for genotype identification and screening for various traits.

4 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

003592   PRIYA D S, AIYANATHAN K E A, HARISH S (Agricultural Coll & Research, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu) : Efficacy of bacterial biocontrol agents and commercial fungicides against fusarium wilt of chrysanthemum. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 874-80.

Fusarium wilt is one of the most devastating and destructive disease of chrysanthemum, resulting in significant yield loss. The main aim of this study is to identify the most effective bacterial biocontrol agents and fungicides for the management of Fusarium wilt under in vitro conditions. Among the different bacterial biocontrol agents, Pseudomonas isolate, Ps Ap and Bacillus isolate, Bs 6 inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium sp. to the extent of 57.77 per cent and 42.22 per cent over untreated control. Among the ten commercial fungicides, Carbendazim 50 % WP and Tebuconazole 50 % + Trifloxystrobin 25 % WP were found to be most effective against Fusarium sp. in all the concentrations tested under in vitro conditions. Studies on the compatibility of bacterial biocontrol agents and chemicals revealed that, the fungicides Carbendazim, Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin and Propiconazole were found to be compatible at all the three concentrations viz., 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm respectively.

5 tables, 25 ref

003556   MISHRA S, KUMAR S, VALA Y (Fingerprinting Dep, Sardar Vallabhbhai Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) : Effects of coconut water, plant growth regulators and light intensity on shoot bud proliferation and direct regeneration in olives (Olea europaea L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 846-50.

The present study determined the effect of combination of coconut water, cytokinin and light intensity for enhanced direct in vitro organogenesis of olives (Olea europaea L.). This optimized protocol showed that coconut water and light intensity are important factors for efficient shoot regeneration. These results show that the light intensity and the natural additive, coconut water olds the potential for efficient commercial in vitro propagation of olives. The meristematic explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of coconut water, 2ip and kinetin under light intensity of 20, 30 and 40 μmol m⁻² s ⁻¹. The highest shoot induction (93.16 ± 0.09 %) was obtained with 1.5 mg l⁻¹ Kinetin + 2.0 mg l⁻¹ 2ip under a light intensity of 30 μmol m⁻² s ⁻¹. The shoot proliferation and shoot length was highest (08.73 ± 0.18 and 09.52 ± 0.14, respectively) on media with 1.0 mg l⁻¹ Kinetin + 2.0 mg l⁻¹ 2ip and 10.0 % coconut water under a light intensity of 30 μmol m⁻² s ⁻¹. The highest root induction (92.28 ± 0.12 %), rooting frequency (07.94 ± 0.16 roots per shoot) and root length (07.73 ± 0.17 cm) were obtained when adventitious shoots were inoculated on half-MS medium with 1.0 mg l⁻¹ 2,4-D + 1.0 mg l⁻¹ NAA. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized in coco peat, soil and sand mix for 15 days and were shifted to poly house for 2.5 months and thereafter they were transferred to field. The survival rate of the transplanted plantlets was about 85 %.

1 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

003680   VETAL D S, PARDESHI A B (Zoology Dep, Deogiri Coll, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Insecticidal potential of ethanol and hexane solvent seed extract of Annona squamosa against Spodoptera litura Fab. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 842-5.

Larvicidal activity of Hexane and ethanol seed extracts of Annona squamosa were studied against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura at different concentration (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/ml. The plant seeds were dried, powdered and extracted in soxhlet apparatus in hexane and ethanol solvent for 24 hrs. The third instar larvae of S. litura were exposed to various concentration and percent mortality were recorded after 96 hrs. The larvicidal activity of seed extract of A. squamosa were (LD 10= 5.91 mg/ml, LD 50= 13.9878 mg/ml) in hexane and (LD10= 11.72 mg/ml, LD 50= 22.48 mg/ml) in ethanol respectively. Results revealed that the mortality was increased with increasing in concentration of the plant extracts. The hexane solvent extract of A.squamosa showed higher larvicidal property against third instars larvae of S. litura. Statistical variance, 95 % confidence limits and regression equations are presented.

2 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

003652   SOFI K A, CHESTI M H, PEER Q J A, AZIZ T (SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir- 190 025) : Effect of inoculations of Rhizobium leguminosarum on germination & yield of field pea (Pisum sativum) under temperate conditions of Kashmir. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 819-21.

A field experiment was conducted during the year 2011-2012 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra- Bandipora, SKUAST-Kashmir to study Effect of inoculations of Rhizobium leguminosarum on germination & yield of Field Pea (Pisum sativum) under temperate conditions of Kashmir with four treatments of Rhizobium @ 0 Kg/ha (Control), 1.25 Kg/ha, 2.50 Kg/ha and 2.75 Kg/ha through inoculations of Rhizobium leguminosarum. The significant results were obtained with Application of Rhizobium at 3.75 Kgs/ha resulted in Approx. 80 % germination & the maximum yield viz; 14.0 qt/ha was recorded as compared to the Farmers Practice where farmers do not use inoculations of Rhizobium. Farmer was satisfied so far as Subsequent germination & yield obtained were redressed during the conduct of on farm trial. The Farmers were suggested for applications of rhizobium inoculations on the farmers field As far as Economics is concerned, the farmers practice obtained the Net Return of (Profit) in Rs. 3692 Rs / ha as compared with the application of Rhizobium @ 3.75 Kgs/ha obtained the Net Return of (Profit) in Rs. 28667/ha with B:C ratio of 3.15.

3 tables, 5 ref

003604   REX IMMANUEL R, GANDHI S S, THIRUPPATHI M, NARAYANAN J S, SARAVANAPERUMAL M, RAO G B S, MURUGAN G (Agronomy Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu) : Post-harvest soil health of wetland rice ecosystem as influenced by spatial arrangements and integrated nutrient management. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 815-8.

A field experiment was conducted at Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar to study the effect of spatial arrangements and integrated use of green leaf manure with inorganic nutrition on soil fertility and microbial population of post harvest soil of wetland rice. The results revealed that the spatial arrangements and integrated nutrient management were significantly influenced the post harvest soil health and microbial population. Among the treatment combinations, spot seeding of rice at 30 x 30 cm spacing for Thaladi and 25 x 25 cm spacing for Navarai season under the integrated application of 50 per cent N via., Albizia lebbeck along with 50 per cent N via., inorganic fertilizer significantly improved the post harvest soil available N (268.51 and 244.56 kg ha^-1 ), P2O5 (23.89 and 24.67 kg ha^-1 ) and K₂O (382.92 and 337.04 kg ha^-1 ) during the Thaladi and Navarai seasons, respectively. The same trend was also recorded in the soil microbial population of bacteria (58.78 and 46.33 x 10^-6 g ^-1 of soil), fungi (39.78 and 34.00 x 10^-4 g ^-1 of soil) and actinomycetes (8.00 x 10^-6 g ^-1 of soil), respectively.

6 tables, 12 ref

003600   RANJITHA N, DEVAPPA V, SANGEETHA C G (Plant Pathology Dep, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka) : Evaluation of fungicides against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. the incitant of mango anthracnose. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 812-4.

Mango is one of the most important fruit crop of our country and anthracnose is the most important disease causing both pre and post-harvest losses. To manage the disease under field condition we need to use a combination of different fungicides. Hence, in the present study we investigated the efficacy of 14 different fungicides in inhibiting the growth of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides under in vitro conditions. The result of the study indicated that, out of the 14 fungicides tested, a combi product Flurilazole + Carbendizim 37.5 % WP and systemic fungicides Propiconazole 25 % WP showed significantly superior inhibition over other fungicides with complete 100 per cent mycelial inhibition and absence of sporulation in all the three concentration i.e, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % tested. Myclobutanil 10 % WP showed inhibition of 97.2 % followed by Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin 75 % WG with 94.86 % inhibition. Systemic fungicides Difenconazole 25 % EC with 85.50 % inhibition was on par with combi product Zineb 68 % +Hexaconazole 100% WP with 85.06 % inhibition.

2 tables, 9 ref

003486   GOLLAGI S G, RAVI G K, VEENA G L, MURALIDHARA B M (Crop Physiology Dep, Horticultural Sciences Univ, Bagalkot, Karnataka) : Role of plant growth regulators in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivation: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 805-8.

Guava is important fruit crop which is grown commercially in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India the productivity is low compare to other countries. Hence to overcome this, many technologies have been developed some importance were HDP, Meadow orcharding, crop regulation, use of improved varieties and hybrids and use of growth regulators. Among these technologies application of growth regulators plays an important role in all the stages of growth and development of cropwhich helps toimprove the final yield and quality of produce. The growth regulators are also used to improve theseed germination by breaking seed dormancy, root initiation in cuttings and air layers, to regulate proper canopy, flowering and fruit set. In this review article a detailed information on role of growth regulators in different stages of plant growth and development were given and also the research work was done in different countries on the role of various plant growth regulators in guava production have been incorporated.

51 ref

003485   GAYATHRI M, VIJAYKUMAR R, UMRAO R (Sam Higginbottom Univ of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Application of different N, P, K, levels on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiate L.) under Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) based agroforestry system. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 802-4.

A field experiment was conducted at the Forest Nursery, college of forestry, SHUATS, Allahabad, India during the kharif 2017-18 to evaluate the “application of different N, P, K levels on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under jatropha (Jatropha curcas) based agroforestry system”. The experiment consisted of 9 treatments ie., 3 levels of nitrogen (50 %,75 % and 100 %), 4 levels of Phosphorous (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) and 4 levels of potassium (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %), laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The study revealed that the treatment T1:100 % Nitrogen + 100 % Phosphorous + 100 % potassium gave higher growth parameters viz., plant height (46.42), number of primary branches (12.50), number of secondary branches (9.40 ), number of trifoliate leaves plant^-1 (11.16) and number of root nodules plant^-1 (14.46) and higher yield attributes viz., number of pods plant^-1 (14.76), number of grains pod^-1 (10.80), grain yield (7.48 q ha^-1 ), stover yield (16.63 q ha^-1 ) and consequently, harvest index (45.30).

2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

003651   SODI B, SHRIVASTAVA G K, PURUSHOTTAM (Agronomy Dep, IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : The effect of irrigation and foliar spray of nutrients and growth hormones on nutrient uptake and water use efficiency of lentil. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 797-801.

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at the Research cum Instructional Farm, under all India Coordinated Research Project on MULLaRP, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, I.G.K.V. Raipur (CG.) on ‘The effect of irrigation and foliar spray of nutrients and growth hormones on nutrient uptake and water use efficiency of lentil’ The experiment was laid out in Strip Plot Design having the combination of fourteen treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of seven foliar nutrients spray and two irrigation levels. The experiment was comprised of factor A. Horizontal plot (Irrigation level-2) I₁-One irrigation (35 DAS), I₂-Two irrigation (35 and 65 DAS) B. Vertical plot (Foliar Spray-7) F₁-Water Spray, F₂-Nitrobenzene @ 0.3 %, F₃-N: P: K:: 19:19:19 @ 1% solution, F₄-Multi micro nutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Mo) @ 0.1 %, F₅-Plant growth hormones mixture (Cytokinins and Enzymes) @ 0.15 %, F₆-N: P: K:: 19:19:19:@ 1 % + Multi micronutrient (Fe, Mn,Zn, B,Cu,Mo) @ 0.1 %, F₇-N: P: K: 19:19:19 + Multi micronutrients + Plant growth hormones. Significantly maximum N, P and K uptake in seed, stover as well as in total was recorded with I₂-Two irrigations followed by I₁-One irrigation. As regards to foliar spray, significantly higher N, P and K uptake in seed, stover and in total was noted under F7-N: P: K: 19:19:19 + MMN + PGHM as compared to others, however, it was at par to treatments F₆- N: P: K: 19:19:19: + MMN, F₃-N: P: K:: 19:19:19 @ 1 % and F₄- Multi Micro Nutrients. Between the irrigation levels, significantly higher water use efficiency (86.79 kg ha^-1 cm) was recorded with I1-One irrigation as compared to I₂-Two irrigation (66.06 kg ha^-1 cm).  As regards to the foliar spray of micronutrients and growth hormones, maximum water use efficiency (89.56 kg ha^-1 cm) was recorded with F₇- N: P: K:: 19:19:19 + MMN + PGHM. However, it was at par to treatment F6-N: P: K: 19:19:19 + MMN (82.13 kg ha^-1 ). The minimum water use efficiency (58.03 kg ha^-1 cm) was observed with F₁- Control (water spray).

6 illus, 10 ref

003569   PAL S L (Horticulture Dep, RSM (PG) Coll Dhampur, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh) : Role of plant growth regulators in floriculture: An overview. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 789-96.

Plant growth regulators are being used by the commercial growers of ornamental plants as a part of cultural practice. Plant growth regulators have quicker impact on vegetative as well as flower yield of flowering crops. As it have various advantages like less time consuming to treat the plant and environment friendly. There are various factors contributing to the efficacy of plant growth regulators among them the method of application plays a key role in determining the effectiveness of plant growth regulators, as PGRs can be effective if properly absorbed by plants. Use of growth regulators in flowering crops must be specific their action and toxicologically and environmentally safe. The physiological activities of flowering crops regulate by the application of growth regulators and finally affect the growth and flower production in flowering crops. In the present overview, we discuss the types of plant growth regulators their effect and its applications in flowering crops.

44 ref

003683   VISHAL, SINGH H, KUMAR A (Entomology Dep, S.V.P. Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Bikaner, Rajasthan) : Efficacy and economics of some newer insecticides against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 785-8.

The field trail was conducted at CRC on Sardar vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut, during Rabi 2015-16 on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) variety Urvashi. Among the seven treatments including control plot. The aphid population were found on 10 apical twigs/plot each of 10 cm length ranges from 8.33 to 38.33 aphids/plant. The minimum population (8.33 aphids/plant) was recorded from acephate 75 SP @ 350 g a.i./ha compared to control and also the maximum yield was obtained with treatment acephate 75 SP @ 350 g a.i./ha giving 16.35 q/ha and was found superior over rest of all other treatments whereas the maximum gain in net income of Rs. 22560/ha was found from acephate 75 SP @ 350 g a.i./ha. Cost benefit ratio of the treatments showed that imidachloprid 17.8 SL @ 20 g a.i./ha ranked first indicating the maximum B:C Ratio (1: 10.36).

3 tables, 8 ref

003643   SINGH R P, DHILLON B S, SIDHU A S (Guru Kashi Univ, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab) : Productivity of summer moong (Vigna radiata L.) as influenced by different sowing dates and varieties. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 781-4.

A field experiment entitled “Effect of sowing dates and varieties on growth and yield of summer moong (Vigna radiata L.)" was conducted at the Research Farm of Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo during Zaid kharif season 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising three sowing dates (April 1, April 15 and April 30) in main plot and three varieties (SML 668, SML 832 and MH 421) in sub-plot. The treatment was replicated four times. Sowing crop on April 1 recorded significantly higher plant height, number of primary branches/plant, days taken to 50 % flowering, number of pods/plant, pod length, number of grains/pod, test weight, seed yield and stover yield. Summer moong variety MH 421 gave significantly higher plant height, days taken to 50 % flowering, number of primary and secondary branches/plant, number of pods/plant, pod length, test weight, seed yield and stover yield. The variety MH 421 sown at April 1 recorded similar seed yield as given by variety SML 668 sown at April 1. Summer moong crop can be grown successfully on April 1 using variety MH 421 and SML 668.

3 tables, 17 ref

003525   KOLI N R, KUMAR M (Agriculture Univ Kota, Rajasthan) : Combining ability analysis for grain yield and components traits in aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa L.) under transplanting condition. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 778-80.

Combining ability analysis was carried out for grain yield and its component traits in line x tester mating design from a systematic set of crosses. The analysis of variance of combining ability revealed significant differences among parents, crosses and interaction (line x tester) for all the traits. General combining ability effects indicated that, IET 12016 was found best general combiner for grain yield per plant, panicles per m² and number of spikelet’s per panicle. Among the tester, Pusa Sugandha-4 was found best general combiner for most of the traits studied. The crosses IET 19695 / Pusa Sugandha 4, IET12016 / Pusa Sugandha 4 and IET 19695 / Pusa Sugandha 4 were the best specific combiner for grain yield and panicles per m² . The superior crosses were found to involve at least one parent with high gca and other parent having high, average and low gca effects.

3 tables, 7 ref

003506   JANKAR J J, PAWAR V N, SHARMA A K (MIT ADT Univ, Pune, Maharashtra) : Study on raisin quality and storability affected by coating of guar gum and glycerol combinations. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 774-7.

Raisin is an important agriculture product which turns sticky and hard due to syrup exudation and loss of water during storage. Surface coating provides protective layer to the product and it is found to reduce losses and extended life. Present study was carried out at ICAR-National Research Centre of Grapes, Pune during 2018. Manjari Kishmish raisins having 15 per cent moisture were utilized to study influence of guar gum coating on quality and storage. Different combinations of guar gum with glycerol were applied for 2 minutes on raisins and compared with control. The coated raisins were stored at 25 ± 2 °C for a period of 40 days. Physiological loss in weight (PLW), antioxidant activities (DPPH assay) and colour intensity were noted at interval of 10 days. Minimum PLW (1.13 %) was recorded in T₃ followed by T₂ on 40th day of storage. T₃ was registered with better antioxidant activities (38.12 %). Minimum color intensity (0.14 %) was also observed in T₃ on 40th day of storage. Poor condition of raisins were recorded in control. On the basis of data collected during study it is concluded that coating of raisins with 0.25 % guar gum with 40 per cent glycerol extended storage life and maintained good colour with higher antioxidant activities.

4 tables, 21 ref

003484   GAWANDE M B, GAHUKAR S J, AAKHARE A, RATHOD D R, ETTHER Y, BHAKRE R L (Agril Botany Dep, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra) : Molecular characterization in F₂ segregating population for improving fibre properties of cotton (Gossipium hirsutum). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 771-3.

“Molecular characterization of F₂ segregating population for fibre properties of cotton” was attempted using phenotypically diverse parentages from Dr. PDKV, Akola and their molecular characterization for fibre quality parameters using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two F₂ populations were developed [cross-I (PKV-Rajat x MCU-5) and cross-II (AKH-081 x MCU-5). Staple length (SL) and staple strength (SR/Sst) were recorded on selected 40 F₂ populations in both the crosses. Polymorphism were observed for SL and SR/Sst in both the populations. In case of molecular markers studied a total of 64 SSR markers found good polymorphic between the parents on 26 chromosomes out of 116. The polymorphism percent varies from chromosome to chromosome. Highest was found on chromosome 22, 23 and 24 (100 %), whereas lowest was obtained on chromosome 13 and 20 (25 %). The range of polymorphism was 25 to 100 %. Tri-nucleotide repeats of microsatellite markers found polymorphic than di and polynucleotide. 12 SSR markers were consistently linked with different traits studied. Three SSR NAU769, BNL2656 and BNL226 linked with number of staple length/plant on chromosome 3, with LOD 2.61-2.62, PVE 0.15-19.52 %. Two SSR BNL2920 and BNL3920 were linked with staple strength on chromosome 15, with LOD 7.54-3.00, PVE 0.69-6.18 %.

1 table, 6 ref

003465   DEEPA R, BALAKRISHNAN S, JEGADEESWARI V, THIRIBHUVANAMALA G, KUMARAVADIVEL N (Spices and Plantation Crops Dep, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Evaluation of cocoa half sib selection for morphological and yield traits under Tamil Nadu conditions. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 768-70.

Seven half sib selections (CCRP1 x X, CCRP2 x X, CCRP3 x X, CCRP4 x X, CCRP5 x X, CCRP6 x X and CCRP7 x X) were evaluated for morphological and yield characters at Kaliyapuram, Pollachi, Coimbatore district during July to December 2018. There were significant differences among the half sib selections for, first branching height, stem girth, number of flowers per cushion, number of flower cushions per tree, number of pod harvested per tree, pod weight, pod value, single dry bean weight and dry bean yield per pod. The results indicated that, CCRP5 x X recorded maximum number flower cushion per tree (179.11), number of pod harvested per tree (21.74), pod weight (376.93 g), single dry bean weight (1.02 g) and dry bean yield per pod (41.22 g). This clone CCRP5 can be utilized for further breeding program to obtain high yield in cocoa.A

1 table, 15 ref

003603   REX IMMANUEL R, GANAPATHY M (Agronomy Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu) : Standardization of agro-techniques for establishment of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) plantations in strongly saline sandy loam coastal soils. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 734-8.

Good rhizosphere soil environment is fundamental to establishment and growth of tree crops in coastal degraded soils. Experiments were conducted at Northern Coastal Tamil Nadu, India, to determine the influence of agronomic management methods on the survival and growth of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in strongly saline sandy loam coastal soils. To identify the suitable and sustainable agrotechnology for tree establishment two methods of planting viz., pit method and auger hole method and combination of ameliorative amendments such as FYM, composted coir pith and pressmud along with gypsum, ZnSO₄ and biofertilizers were used. After three years of experimentation plant survival and growth parameters were statistically analyzed for knowing its feasibility in coastal degraded environment. The results showed that a significantly beneficial improvement in planting methods and soils with and without ameliorative amendments. Accordingly the study justified that, auger hole method of planting in combination with composted coir pith @ 25 kg pit^-1 , gypsum @ 500 g pit^-1 , ZnSO4 @ 60 g pit^-1 , Azospirillum @ 50 g pit^-1 and Phosphobacteria @ 50 g pit^-1 was significantly registered the maximum establishment percentage of 88.25, plant height of 231.72 cm, girth of 14.98 cm, RGR of 2.75 (cm month^-1 ) and taproot length of 118.36 cm.

3 tables, 42 ref

003679   VENU V S, JOTHIMANI P, KRISHNAMOORTHY S V, PRASANTHRAJAN M, KALPANA P V (Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Characterization of heavy metal contamination in mulberry cultivated soils of Erode district in Tamil Nadu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 730-3.

A detailed survey work was carried out in the contamination areas of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. The aim of the present study is to assess the level of heavy metal contamination in soils irrigated with sewage water and industrial effluents. The study showed that the soil irrigated with the sewage water and industrial effluents contained almost the heavy metals like Cr, Cd, Ni, and Pb which exceeded the critical limit. The concentrations of heavy metals namely Chromium, Cadmium, Nickel, and Lead were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results obtained from the physico chemical analysis indicated that industrial effluents contaminated soils recorded pH 6.71 to 7.10, EC 0.62 to 2.12 dsm^-1 and exchangeable sodium 144 to 220 ppm. The concentration of heavy metals in soil from the study sites were ranged from 1.20 to 117.4 ppm of Cr, 6.60 to 120.6 ppm of Cd, 6.40 to 73.60 ppm of Ni, and 4.60 to 119.8 ppm of Pb respectively.

1 table, 15 ref

003548   MANJUNATHA B, KRISHNAPPA M (Applied Botany Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka) : Genetic variability, blast reaction studies and identification of blast tolerant lines in elite genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 726-9.

The present study was conducted at Agricultural and Horticultural Research station, Ponnampet, Karnataka. Experiment was composed of seventy two rice genotypes those were evaluated to study the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for grain yield with four yield associated traits. The experiment was conducted by using simple lattice design with two replications with local checks during the 2016 kharif main cropping season. The analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences (p <0.05) indicating the existence of genetic variability among the seventy two genotypes for all the traits studied. Significant differences were observed for grain yield that ranged from 9100.00 to 7496.00 kg/ha with overall mean value of 4455.00 kg/ha Higher PCV and GCV values were exhibited by yield kg/ha which suggests the possibility of improving this trait through selection. The highest heritability was recorded for plant height and yield kg/ha followed by days to fifty per cent flowering and panicles per meter square. High to medium heritability coupled with high GCV and high genetic advance as percent of means were exhibited for plant height, grain yield kg/ha. High genetic advances as per cent of means were recorded by yield kg per hectare, panicles per square metre, Plant height (cm) and days to fifty per cent flowering. Conducted a large-scale screening for rice blast resistance genotypes in seventy two diverse rice accessions originating from major rice-growing regions of Karnataka and the few genotypes among them were shown tolerant.

3 tables, 18 ref

003488   GUPTA S K, CHAUDHARI R, MISHRA S R, BARANWAL S (Agricultural Meteorology Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture & Technology Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of variable weather condition on growth and yield of mustard cultivars. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 715-7.

Mustard is a major oilseed crop grown during rabi season. Weather variability causes substantial fluctuations in any crop production a field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-16 on the topic entitled “Effect of variable weather condition on growth and yield of mustard cultivars” in sandy loam soil of N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). The experimental comprised of three growing environments viz., 15^th, October, 30^th, October, 14^th, November and three cultivars viz., NDR-8501, Varuna and Vardan. Results revealed that Highest Accumulation heat unit efficiency was recorded when sowing was done 15^th, October growing environment, followed by 30^th , October. Vardan variety was found more conducive for growth development, grain yield and Accumulated heat unit. Accumulated heat unit (1447.4.0⁰ days), solar radiation interception (529.2 MJm^-2 ), from sowing to maturity produced the high yield of Indian mustard.

4 tables, 8 ref

003535   KUMAR M V, EEVERA T, RAMESH D, MASILAMANI P (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural Coll and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Seed deterioration in long lived sesame seeds under accelerated ageing conditions. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 706-9.

Accelerated ageing has been used in predicting seed storability as it is known to reduce seed viability and vigour in many oil seed crops. This study was under taken to examine the effect of accelerated ageing on germinability, physical and physiological characteristics of sesame. Seeds were subjected to accelerated aging conditions by exposing the seeds at 40° C and 100 per cent relative humidity. The results suggested the oil seed deteriorate under accelerated ageing is closely related to a decrease in the physiological parameters seed germination, seedling length, dry matter production and vigour index.

2 illus, 1 table, 44 ref

003547   MALVIYA N, KUMAR K, UPADHYAY D K (N.D. Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Combining ability and heterosis for seed yield, its component traits and oil content in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 696-9.

Line x Tester mating design analysis was carried out in Indian mustard using 15 Indian mustard varieties/strains and 4 testers to study the combining ability and heterosis for yield and its components. General and specific combining ability (gca and sca) variances showed major contribution for all the thirteen characters studied. TERIWRBJ-32-1, RK-08-1, PARASMANI-2-10, SKM-0301, Maya, RGN228 and RRN-631 among the lines and Kranti and NDYR-8 among testers in E1 (timely sown) whereas TERIWRBJ-32-1, JMM-08-1, TERIHOJ-48, Sahib-36 and LET–14-1 among the lines and Basanti among testers in E2 (late sown) condition were identified as superior donors for seed yield. Based on the magnitude of heterosis over BP, MP as well as SV, crosses viz., Pusa Karishma × NDRE-4, RK-08-1 × NDRE-4, PARASMANI-2-10 × NDRE-4 in E1 and RRN-631 × Basanti, TERIWRBJ-32-1 × Basanti, Sahib-36 × Basanti, Pusa Karishma ×NDRE-4 in E2 emerged as outstanding crosses for seed yield per plant. Best five cross combinations based on desirable SCA effects for seed yield were Pusa Karishma × NDRE -4 (6.88), PRKS-28 x Basanti, BPR-1205-5 × Basanti, TERIWRBJ-32-1 × NDYR–8 & LET-14-1 × Basanti in E1 and Pusa Karishma × NDRE-4, PRKS-28 × Kranti, NDRS-2001 × NDYR -8, TERIWRBJ -32-1 × Basanti & LET–14-1 × NDYR-8 in E2. Heterosis and per se performance may be used to select crosses for exploitation of heterosis in Indian mustard.

6 illus, 14 ref

003477   EKKA V, TIWARI N, KUJUR S, NAYAK D, JHA M K (Agronomy Dep, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : Bioefficacy of quinchlorac herbicide against weeds in transplanted rice. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 692-5.

The Field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2015 at Research Cum Instructional farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur C.G. to evaluate the quinchlorac herbicide against weeds in transplanted rice. Ten weed control treatments were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The result revealed that the major weed species in experimental site were Cyperus iria L, Cyanotis axillaris L, Alternanthera triandra L, Echinochloa colona L, Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury, and Caesulia axillaris Roxb. Among the herbicides, minimum weed density (5.53) and dry matter of weeds/m² (5.18) were found under quinchlorac 250 g/l SC + bispyribac sodium (10 % SC) @ 250 + 20 g ha^-1. Hand weeding twice at 60 and 80 DAT, gave highest weed control efficiency (86.02 %) Whereas, quinchlorac 250 g/l SC + bispyribac sodium (10 % SC) @ 250 + 20 g ha^-1 gave 74.93 and 80.40 % weed control efficiency at 20 DAT and at harvest respectively. The highest grain yield (5.37 t ha^-1 ), straw yield (6.61 t ha^-1 ) and harvest index (44.81 %) was recorded under quinchlorac 250 g/l SC + bispyribac sodium (10 % SC) @ 250 + 20 g ha^-1 .

2 tables, 16 ref

003460   DAHATONDE J A, HASNALE P R, PANDYA H V (Agril. Entomology Dep, PDVVPF’s Coll of Agriculture, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra,) : Screening of some genotypes of brinjal for their relative resistance against shoot and fruit borer (L. orbonalis). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 678-9.

Studies were carried out on screening of some genotypes of brinjal for their relative resistance against shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) on brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) at Regional Horticultural Research Station Farm, NAU, Navsari during 2011-12. The results revealed that out of fourteen genotypes of brinjal lowest per cent shoot damage by L. orbonalis (2.26 %) was recorded on genotype JBGL-10/20 and minimum per cent damaged fruits were found in genotype AB-9/5 (6.44 %). Among all genotypes AB-8/5 recorded highest (21.42 q/ha) yield.

2 tables, 3 ref

003530   KUMAR A P, PARASURAMAN P, SIVAGAMY K, SIVAKUMAR B (Centre of Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu) : Growth, yield and economics of irrigated finger millet as influenced by system of finger millet intensification (SFI) practices in north eastern zone of Tamil Nadu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 660-3.

Field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2018 at Centre of Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Thiruvannamalai to assess the System of Finger millet Intensification (SFI) for north eastern zone of Tamil Nadu. Results revealed that growth parameters such as DMP, LAI and number of tillers were more under 22.5 x 10 cm spacing with two hand weeding’s at 15 and 30 DAT. While the yield attributes such as number of productive tillers, number of ear heads hill^-1 and number of fingers earhead^-1 were higher under 30 x 10 cm spacing with two hand weeding’s at 15 and 30 DAT. The maximum grain yield, straw yield, HI, gross return, net return was also recorded under 30 x 10 cm spacing with two hand weeding’s at 15 and 30 DAT. The highest B:C ratio was recorded under 30 x 10 cm with one hand weeding at 15 DAT + one mechanical weeding at 30 DAT.

3 tables, 21 ref

003613   SATHYAPRIYA K, CHINNUSAMY C, ARTHANARI P M, SRITHARAN N (Agronomy Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of altered crop geometry and integrated weed management methods on productivity and profitability of irrigated maize and its residue effect on succeeding Bengal gram. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 654-9.

To evaluate the effect of different crop geometry without altering plant population and integrated weed management methods on productivity and profitability of maize under irrigated condition and also to study the residual effect of weed management practices on succeeding Bengal gram, the field experiment was conducted in Eastern block, Department of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore during Kharif and Rabi season of 2018-19. The experiment result showed that normal row planting 60 cm x 25 cm have higher growth and yield attributes which is statistically on par with normal row planting 75 cm x 20 cm. Among weed control treatments, pre-emergence (PE) application of atrazine at 1 kg ai/ha + hand weeding at 35 DAS resulted higher grain yield (7.85 t/ha) and it is statistically on par with PE atrazine application at 1 kg ai/ha + twin wheel hoe weeder weeding at 35 DAS (7.61 t/ha). From this study, it may concluded that adoption of normal row planting at 75 cm x 20 cm with weed control practice of atrazine application as pre-emergence followed by twin wheel hoe weeder weeding at 35 DAS could result higher grain yield and profitability of maize and inferred that residual effect of herbicides used for preceding maize does not exist any significant effect on growth and yield of succeeding Bengal gram.

4 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

003660   SWAMY A, DAVID A A, DHRUW S S (Soil Science Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agricultural Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of inorganic fertilizers and FYM on yellow mustard (Brassica campestris L.) Cv, an economic analysis. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 651-3.

A study was conducted in Soil Science Research Farm, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology & Sciences Deemed-to-be-University. During Rabi season 2014-15 on the response of inorganic fertilizers and FYM on Yield attributes of Yellow Mustard. The result indicates that application of 100 % recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (NPK &S) and FYMha^-1 increased the total cost of cultivation of yellow mustard markedly. The maximum total cost of cultivation (Rs.74460 ha^-1 ) and the highest net return (Rs.47496 ha^-1 ) with highest cost benefit ratio (1:2.76) was computed with application of 100 percent recommended dose of fertilizers (NPK &S) and also FYM ha⁻¹ in treatment T₈ (i.e.N@80 kg + P@60 kg + K@40 kg & S@40 kg and FYM 10t ha^-1 ) followed by net profit of Rs.34776 with cost benefit ratio of (1:2.74) was recorded with 50 % recommended dose of fertilizers application of NPK & S ha^-1 and 0 % application of FYM. Hence, there should be a chance of better yield and net income, suggested application inorganic fertilizers and FYM timely for this crop because time is a very important factor and play great role for greater yield and its quality, before time or after time any operations in the field of agriculture production and quality will goes down. However, since these findings are based on one-year experiment and therefore, further research may be conducted to substantiate it under Allahabad agro climatic conditions.

2 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

003514   KALAISELVI M, VENGADESHKUMAR L, SANJAYGANDHI S, RAJAMOHAN K, THAMARAISELVI M, JAIGANESH V (Plant Pathology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu) : Induction of systemic resistance in cowpea plants treated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and neem cake. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 627-32.

An eco-friendly management strategy for this disease, Pseudomonas fluorescens and neem cake were tested individually and in combination against Macrophomina phaseolina under pot culture conditions. Among the various treatments tested, the combination treatment (T₆) involving P. fluorescens as seed and soil application (@10 gm/kg of seed and 2.5 kg/ha) plus neem oil cake as soil application @ 0.25 t/ha recorded induction of higher levels of defense enzymes and phenol than other treatments confirming the role of ISR in the disease suppression.

4 illus, 46 ref

003661   SWAMY A, DAVID A A, SHIVA KUMAR L (Soil Science Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agricultural Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Response of inorganic fertilizers and FYM on yield attributes of yellow mustard (Brassica campestris L.) cv. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 624-6.

A study was conducted in Soil Science Research Farm, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology& Sciences Deemed-to-be-University. During Rabi season 2014-15 on the response of inorganic fertilizers and FYM on Yield attributes of Yellow Mustard. The result revealed that higher seed yield ha^-1 (21.90 q ha^-1 ) was obtained in T8 [N 80 kg + P 60 kg + K40 kg & S40 kg and FYM 10t ha^-1 ] and at par with and least was recorded in case of control T₀. Due to higher values of yield attributing characters viz. number of siliqua plant^-1 (127.00), number of seeds siliqua^-1 (40.33), 1000 seed weight (3.95 g) there character was also recorded maximum at 100 % N P K and S and 100 % FYM and control were recorded very low number of siliqua plant^-1 , number of seeds siliqua^-1 ,1000 seed weight. Therefore, it can be revealed that application of 100 % N P K and S, and 100 % FYM should be used for improvement of yield of yellow mustard during rabi season for better yield.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

003662   SWAMY K R, ANNAPPA, PAI V, HANUMANTHA M, SURYANARAYAN V (Forest Biology and Tree Improvement Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Sirsi, Dharwad, Karnataka) : Assessment of tar spot disease in Dalbergia latifolia and their management. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 621-3.

Dalbergia latifolia (Rose wood) is important valuable timber yielding tree species with good suitability to Agro-forestry. For raising plantation and to meet the demands of farmers good quality seedlings plays an important role. During nursery stages, huge mortality occurs due to incidence of diseases, which affect intern quality regeneration and growth of seedlings. In order to meet the growing demand for Dalbergia latifolia, healthy seedling production in nurseries is essential. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess the disease incidence in Dalbergia latifolia at nursery stages. Seedling leaf tar spot disease of Dalbergia latifolia was observed at Sirsi, College of Forestry nursery in August to November 2017 in Central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. The causal organism was identified as Phyllochora dalbergiae. In nursery, highest disease incidence (70.18 %) and Per cent Disease Index (56.81 %) was recorded in November with the evidence of premature defoliation with an indication of periodical progression of disease magnitude. In in-vivo disease management, seedlings were treated with seven fungitaxicant chemicals. Among them Carbendazim (0.2 %) and Propiconazole (0.1 %) showed highest disease reduction of 30.09 per cent and 25.42 per cent, respectively.

2 tables, 5 ref

003507   JAVID R, RATHER GH (Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar) : Functional pollen ability of different crab apples used as pollinizers for apple. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 617-20.

The present study entitled “Functional pollen ability of different crab apples used as pollinizers for apple” was carried out during the year 2014-2015 in Division of Fruit Science SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir. Four crab apple species (Malus floribunda, Golden Hornet, Manchurian and Fenna) and Golden Delicious (control), used as pollinizers in the valley, were studied for functional pollen ability. The experiment was laid in RCBD design with four replications. Among the pollinizers, Malus floribunda was significantly superior from others with the highest pollen viability (99.00 %) and pollen germination (63.50 %) followed by Golden Hornet (98.75 % pollen viability) and (58.50 %) pollen germination. The lowest pollen germination percentage of 53.50 was found in Golden Delicious. Highest pollen production per flower was noted in Malus floribunda (123750) and lowest (45000) in Manchurian. Malus floribunda was found best pollinizer among all the crabs.

3 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

003501   JAGADESH M, RAJU M, RAHALE C S (Agronomy Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Influence of different weed management practices on growth and yield attributes of irrigated blackgram under Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 608-11.

A research trial was carried out during Kharif 2018 at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the weed management practices in irrigated blackgram in Cauvery delta zone. The results revealed that all growth and yield characters of blackgram were significantly affected by distinct weed control practices. A similar trend was also observed in weed parameters. Higher seed yield (853 kg ha^-1 ) and higher weed control efficiency (87 %) were recorded under application of pendimethalin @1 kg ha^-1 on 3 DAS (fb) acifluorfen sodium (16.5 %) + clodinafop propargyl (8 % EC) @ 187.5 g ha^-1 on 20 DAS and which comparable with pre emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg ha^-1 fb propaquizafop (2.5 %) + imazethapyr (3.75 % ME) @ 125g ha^-1 on 20 DAS and hand weeding twice on 15 & 30 DAS. However, higher weed density observed for entire the crop season brought 49 percent decline in seed yield under unweeded plot. Among the various weed control measures, pendimethalin @ 1 kg ha^-1 on 3 DAS followed by acifluorfen sodium (16.5 %) + clodinafop propargyl (8 % EC) @ 187.5 g/ha on 20 DAS may possibly able to control weed menace which in turn increased weed control efficiency as well as yield and benefit-cost ratio for the irrigated blackgram.

4 tables, 11 ref

003644   SINGH S, DHILLON B S, DHILLON S S (Guru Kashi Univ, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab) : Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to different planting dates. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 600-3.

A field experiment entitled “Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to different planting dates” was conducted at Research Farm, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo during Kharif season 2017. The experiment comprised of different transplanting dates (27^th June, 11^th July, 26^th July) and three cultivars (PR 126, PR 124, PR 114) making three replications in split plot design with nine treatments. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand, with neutral in reaction, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous and high in available potassium. Among the varieties (viz., PR 126, PR 124, PR 114), the variety PR 124 resulted in maximum growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield (83.13 q/ha) and minimum (78.71 q/ha) from PR 126. The first date of planting (27^th June) gave maximum growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield (89.97 q/ha) and minimum growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield (70.06 q/ha) were recorded in third date of sowing (26^th July). Thus, variety PR 124 of rice grown on 27^th June was suitable to obtain the better grain yield.

3 tables, 21 ref

003622   SHARMA S, SINGH R, KUMAR A (Plant Pathology Dep, R.V.S.K V.V. Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) : Screening of cluster bean genotypes against Alternaria blight (Alternaria Cucumerina var. cyamopsidis) in field condition. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 596-9.

Cluster bean has become popular not only for consumption as vegetable but also as good source of useful industrial “Guar gum”. Cluster bean commonly recognized as a summer, annual, drought-tolerant, well adapted to arid and semi-arid climates with hot temperatures legume crop. It can grow in sub humid conditions, Total twenty four genotypes were screened. Among different genotypes, 18 were found moderately resistant whereas 6 were moderately susceptible towards A. blight of Cluster bean. No genotype was found immune, HR, S and HS against disease. The maximum yield (14.58 q/ha) of guar crop was obtained with the genotype HG 563. The resistant varieties are cheapest source to manage this disease so that more entries should be screened out to find out resistant or immune lines of Cluster bean.

1 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

003436   BADAL D S, DWIVEDI A K, KUMAR V, SINGH S, PRAKASH A, VERMA S, KUMAR J (Horticulture Dep, Chandra Shekhar Azad Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and its attributing traits in garlic (Allium sativum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 587-90.

An investigation was conducted at Horticulture Garden of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology during Rabi season of 2016-17 to study the effects of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and its attributing traits in garlic.Ten treatments were compared in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among the different treatments, the treatment T₁ (application of 100 % RDF- Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) recorded the maximum plant height (70.6 cm), plant diameter (0.84 cm) and length of longest leaf at 60 DAP (41.07 cm) and 90 DAP (69.47 cm) as compared to other treatments.Weight of bulb (39.68 g), length (5.24 cm) and diameter of bulb (5.03 cm), number of cloves per bulb (27.63), length of clove (3.82 cm), weight of single clove (1.52 g) of competitive plants, bulb yield per plot(4.66 kg) and bulb yield per ha (155.48 q) was maximum in the treatment T7 (50% RDF + 7.5t/ha FYM +2 t/ha Vermicompost).

2 tables, 18 ref

003470   DEY S R, BARMAN R, KANDPAL G (Agronomy Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara, Punjab) : Effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 576-8.

A field experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications in the field of School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, from 1st December 2017 to 28th April 2018 to study Combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizer and effects on growth attributes of wheat cultivation (Triticum aestivum L.). Different plots were treated with different level of vermicompost and recommended dose of fertilizers viz., T₁= 100 % RDF; T₂= 75%RDF + 25% Neem Coated Urea; T₃= 50 % RDF + 50 % Neem Coated Urea; T₄= 75 %RDF + 25 % Vermicompost; T₅= 50 % RDF + 50 % Vermicompost; T₆= 5 0% RDF + 25 % Neem Coated Urea + 25 % Vermicompost with control T₀. Result revealed that application of (50 % RDF + 50 %NCU) recorded significantly highest growth attributes (Plant height (cm), Number of tillers, Leaf length (cm)) after 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS.

3 illus, 11 ref