003539   KUMAR R, YADAV S S, SINGH P, VERMA H P, YADAV N (Agriculture Univ, Kota, Rajasthan) : Effect of weed management and sulphur fertilization on nutrient content and nutrient uptake by Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss) under semi arid condition of Rajasthan. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 571-5.

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Agronomy farm, Jobner, Rajasthan to evaluate effect of weed management practices and sulphur fertilization on Nutrient content and nutrient uptake of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss). The result indicated that among weed management practices, the highest seed & Biological yield (2493 kg/ha & 9628 kg/ha) were obtained with two HW treatment which was significant rest over the treatment. Two HW treatment and pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha (PE) were found significantly better treatments in enhancing N, P & S concentration in Seed and straw as well as their uptake, protein content in seed. Application of Sulphur at 60 kg/ha in mustard improved the nutrient concentration in seed, Straw and their uptake by crop.

2 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

003450   BIJARNIA A, SHARMA O P, KUMAR R, KUMAWAT R, CHOUDHARY R (Agronomy Dep, Agriculture Coll, Kota, U Kota, Rajasthan) : Effect of nitrogen and potassium on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under loamy sand soil of Rajasthan. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 566-70.

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy farm, S. K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during Kharif 2016, on loamy sand soil. The experiment comprising of four levels of Nitrogen (0, 20, 40, 60 kg N/ha) and four levels of Potassium (0, 10, 20, 30 kg K₂O/ha), thereby making 16 treatment combination was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thric. Results indicated that progressive increase in level of nitrogen up to 40 kg/ha significantly increased the plant height and dry matter accumulation/plant at all the growth stages, number of branches/plant, leaf area index, and chlorophyll content over preceding levels. Yield and total N, P and K uptake also increase significantly with nitrogen at 40 kg/ha and further increase in nitrogen level to 60 kg/ha could not enhance the above parameters significantly. Results further revealed that progressive increase in level of potassium upto 20 kg/ha significantly increased the growth and yield determining characters of sesame viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation/plant at most of the stages, leaf area index, number of branches/plant, seed and stalk yield of sesame over 10 kg K₂O/ha and control. The above treatment remained at par with 30 kg K₂O/ha. Total N, P and K uptake also increase in the same manner.

3 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

003676   VANITHA J, AMUDHA K, MAHENDRAN R, KUMARA R U (Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Genotypic response for zinc efficiency in aerobic rice under normal and stress condition. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 556-9.

To study association analysis and zinc efficiency among 246 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) derived from a cross involving CO51 x CB-06-803-2 were evaluated along with the parents under aerobic condition in a zinc deficient soil (0.8 ppm) at Wetland, Department of farm management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Rabi 2014. A control plot (+Zn) was maintained by treating the soil with recommended dose of 25 Kg/ha Znso_4. Plot yield had high and positive correlation with panicle length, productive tillers, hundred grain weight, harvest index and panicle harvest index under control condition whereas it had significant and positive correlation with panicle length, number of productive tillers, shoot zinc content, root zinc content, hundred grain weight, harvest index, panicle harvest index, zinc efficiency (ZE) in shoot and ZE in root under stress condition. ZE in shoot had Positive and significant correlation with ZE in root in stress condition. Therefore, selection for anyone of the above characters would bring in simultaneous improvement of zinc efficiency of shoot and root and ultimately improving the grain yield.

2 tables, 21 ref

003480   GAIN S, PRASAD V M, SINGH S, PAL A K, KUMAR R (Horticulture Dep, Sam Higginbottom Univ of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of NPK along with FYM and poultry manures on growth, flowering and fruiting of four year old sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 553-5.

The experiment entitle “Effect of N. P. K. along with FYM and Poultry manures on growth, flowering and fruiting of four year old sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.)” was carried out at the fruit research farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (U.P.) - 211007. The observations were recorded on growth parameters viz, plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, stem diameter (cm), plant spread (cm² ), leaf area (cm² ), length of inter-nodes (cm), no. of flower/plant, no. of fruit/plant and incidence of disease percentage. The experiment was laid out with 13 treatments having different combination of N. P. K. along with FYM and Poultry manures in Randomized block design with three replications. The observations recorded during the course of investigation were subjected to statistical analysis as per method of ‘Analysis of variance’ (Fisher, 1950). Considering the present investigation it is concluded that the treatment (T12) RDF (25 %) + FYM (25 %) + Poultry Manure (50 %) was found the best in terms of maximum plant height (380 cm), number of branches (22), number of leaves/plant (597.67), stem diameter (2.59 cm), plant spread (177 cm), leaf area (46.33 cm² ), length of inter-nodes (13.33 cm), number of flowers/plant (243), number of fruits/plant (86.67), with minimum incidence of disease percentage (0.33 %).

1 table, 8 ref

003641   SINGH R K, MAURYA C L, KUMAR M, LAL K, KUMAR A (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Character association and path coefficient analysis for seed yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 514-7.

Thirty three genotypes along with three check varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were assessed to work out the association among different seed yield and quality traits as well as direct and indirect effects of these traits on seed yield and quality. Seed yield per plant showed highly significant and positive correlation with seeds per panicle and seedling dry weight while, seed yield per plant showed nonsignificant and negative correlation with germination index and plant height. Non-significant and positive correlations were found for other characters under study. Vigour index showed positive and highly significant correlation with days to 50 % flowering and seed germination percentage. Seedling dry weight was found to be significantly correlated with 1000-seed weight. Path analysis identified seeds per panicle and 1000-seed weight as important components having high order of direct effect and 1000-seed weight and seedling dry weight as important components having high order of indirect effect on seed yield per plant. The characters showing significant positive correlation as well as direct and indirect effects on seed yield would be highly effective and efficient in selection of elite genotypes.

4 tables, 12 ref

003642   SINGH R K, YADAV H C, KUMAR M, LAL K, AMIR M (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance analysis for seed yield and its physiological quality parameters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 511-3.

The present investigation was carried out to study genetic parameters for eleven seed yield and its physiological quality contributing characters in thirty rice genotypes with three check varieties during Kharif 2016. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the characters under study. The phenotypic coefficient of variance was slightly higher in magnitude than that of genotypic coefficient of variance for seed yield and its physiological contributing characters indicating very less environmental influence on the expression of these traits. Higher genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for seeds per panicle (24.22) followed by seed yield per plant (22.14) and vigour index (18.31). Heritability in broad sense estimates were higher for days to 50 % flowering followed by seedling dry weight, days to maturity, plant height, vigour index and seed yield per plant. High expected genetic advances were observed for characters viz., seed yield per plant, seeds per panicle, vigour index, plant height, days to 50 % flowering and seedling dry weight. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was registered for days to 50% flowering, seedling dry weight, plant height, vigour index and seed yield per plant, this suggest that these traits can be taken as selection parameters to select elite genotypes.

2 tables, 16 ref

003587   PILLI K, SAMANT P K, NARESH P, ACHARYA G C (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Agriculture Coll, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient recovery, nutrient use efficiency and relative agronomic efficiency of grafted tomato. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 506-10.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is one of the widely grown vegetable and most important food crops in India. It is rich in minerals, essential amino acids, sugars, dietary fibres, vitamins and organic acids. It is well responsive to fertilizer application and reported to be heavy feeders of nutrients. Supply of balanced nutrients can increase the yield, fruit quality and taste of tomato fruit. A pot experiment was conducted using integrated nutrient management practices in grafted tomato during 2017-2018. The experimental results revealed that the treatment 100% inorganic nitrogen showed highest Nitrogen and potassium recovery and use efficiency compared to 100% organic nitrogen and combination of inorganic and inorganic treatments, whereas combination of organic and inorganic nutrients showed highest phosphorus recovery and use efficiency. The grafted tomato maintained the mean recovery of N, P and K of 66.7, 27.1 and 100.4 per cent compared to 27.1, 11.1 and 50.4 per cent with non-grafted tomato and 21.7, 9.2 and 44.3 per cent with self-grafted tomato respectively. And the mean nutrient use efficiency of N, P and K was 18.2, 37.6 and 30 g dry fruit per g of N, P and K applied compared to 3.92, 28.7 and 6.6 with nongrafted tomato and 2.7, 27.8 and 3.6 with self-grafted tomato respectively. Relative agronomic efficiency of the present study showed that the completely inorganic nitrogen performed better than completely organic nitrogen or any other combinations of organic with inorganic.

7 illus, 16 ref

003591   PRASAD D, VERMA OP, LAL K, VERMA H, JAISWAL A, YADAV M K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Identification of elite genotypes for certain quantitative traits in field pea (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 498-505.

Ninety genotypes were assessed with four check varieties of field pea to identify elite genotypes for certain quantitative traits. For the fulfillment of this, data on various quantitative characters were recorded on the basis of mean values of recorded data such as genetic variability, character association, path coefficient, mean performance of the genotypes and genetic divergence analysis were done in Augmented Block Design. Through the analysis of genetic variance it was found that moderate to high level of genetic variability were exhibited by all the genotypes for almost all the characters except pod length. Higher GCV were recorded for pod length (22.84), number of pods per plant (20.96), for these characters PCV were 25.30 and 21.02, respectively, indicated that the effects of environment on the expression of the characters was quite meager. Correlation analysis indicated that the pods per plant had highly significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant followed by number of branches per plant. Path analysis indicated that biological yield per plant, harvest index and number of pods per plant has higher direct as well as indirect effects on seed yield per plant. On the basis of non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis, all the genotypes were grouped into ten distinct non-overlapping clusters in which cluster number IV and X were found largest having twelve genotypes while cluster IX had lowest (2) number of genotypes e.g., Pant Pea 223 and NDP 14-11. The highest intra cluster distance was observed within cluster IV (12.79) followed by cluster III (12.00). The maximum (84.87) inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster II and VIII and between cluster II and cluster V (75.30), indicated that promising segregants could be obtained through mating between the genotypes of these clusters.

1 illus, 9 tables, 23 ref

003562   MUTHUKUMAR A, KANAGARAJAN R, UDHAYAKUMAR R (Plant Pathology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu) : Evaluation of fungicide against sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) of rice. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 494-7.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important target to provide stable food and food security to millions population of the world and is one of the main foodstuffs in Asia. Rice affected by quite a lot of diseases among them Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kunh., is a soil borne disease of rice occurs in all rice production regions of the world. In the present study aimed to test the efficacy of Carbendazim 50 % WP for the control of rice sheath blight disease. Two field trials were conducted in the rice variety BPT-5204 at Ettimadai village, Namakkal district during the year 2017-2018.The results of the present study revealed that the fungicide formulations were applied as foliar application @ 250, 500 and 650 g / ha could reduce the progress of sheath blight disease by 6.08, 6.19 and 6.35 per cent respectively when compared to untreated control (26.82 PDI). The test molecule Carbendazim 50 % WP @ 650 g/ha which was on par with Carbendazim 50 % WP @ 500 and 250 g/ha. Among the different treatments, Carbendazim 50 %WP @.650g/ha recorded significantly highest grain yield of 9.00 t/ha which was on par with Carbendazim 50 %WP @ 500 g/ha (8.85 t/ha) and 250 g/ha (8.76 t/ha). The market sample Carbendazim 50 % WP @ 500 g/ha recorded grain yield of 8.79 t/ha which was on par result with market sample of Carbendazim 50 %WP@ 250 g/ha (8.70 t/ha). However, control recorded the lowest grain yield (4.56 t/ha). Similar trend in efficacy was observed with regard to per cent disease index and grain yield on second season Further, Carbendazim 50 %WP @500 and 1000 g/ha tested for its phytotoxicity studies did not shows any phytotoxic symptoms like leaf injury, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty from 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after spraying with fungicide on rice plants.

2 tables, 21 ref

003682   VINOD KUMAR S R, RAMESH S, ARIVUKKARASU K, JAWAHAR S, STALIN P, SARAVANAPERUMAL M (Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient uptake and post harvest soil available nutrient status in fodder maize. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 486-8.

Field experiments were conducted during Navarai and Samba season of 2010 at farmer’s field in C. Mutlur Village of Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu to the study the effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient uptake and post harvest nutrient status in fodder maize. The experiments were conducted in randomized block design replicated thrice with seven treatments viz., (T₁) Recommended fertilizer dose of NPK, (T₂) 75 % of recommended dose + vermiwash, (T₃) 50 % recommended fertilizer dose, (T₄) 75 % of recommended fertilizer dose+ Humic acid, (T₅) 50 % recommended fertilizer dose+ Humic acid, (T₆) 75 % recommended fertilizer dose+ Panchagavya, (T₇) 50 % recommended fertilizer dose+ Panchagavya. The nutrient uptake by crop viz., N, P₂O₅, K₂O were markedly influenced by 75 % of recommended fertilizer dose + humic acid (T₄). The least of nutrient uptake was recorded under recommended fertilizer dose of NPK (T₁) in both seasons. The post harvest soil available nutrient status was found to be higher with 75 % of recommended fertilizer dose (T₁) in both the seasons as compared to other treatments. The least post harvest soil available nutrient status was recorded under (T₄) 75 % of recommended fertilizer dose+ humic acid in both the seasons.

2 tables, 9 ref

003561   MUNIYAPPAN C, RAJANGAM J, KUMAR C S R, VENKATESAN K (Fruit Crops Dep, Horticultural Colleg and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Theni, Tamil Nadu) : The standardization of method and time of propagation in jamun (Syzygium cuminii. Skeels) var. Konkan Bahadoli. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 467-71.

The present investigation on the standardization of methods and time of propagation in jamun (Syzygium cuminii. Skeels ) var. Konkan Bahadoli was conducted during 2018-19 in different months, viz. July, August, September, October and November with five different methods, i.e. Softwood grafting, Whip and tongue grafting, Hardwood cutting, Semi hard wood cutting and patch budding under mist chamber condition. The result revealed that among the propagation methods, softwood grafting during August observed the highest survival percentage (94.72 %). Similarly after 90th the same treatment softwood grafting during August the maximum number of new shoots per plant (6.13), number of leaves/plants (15.34), leaf area (32.88 cm² ), carbohydrate content (6.57 %) were recorded. Based on the experiment at result obtained that softwood grafting performed month of August was found to be the best for jamun propagation.

6 tables, 16 ref

003479   FATHIMA A F, PARAMAGURU P, LAKSHMANAN V, VENKATESAN K (Vegetable Crops Dep, Horticultural Coll and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu) : Genetic divergence studies in aggregatum onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.) genotypes using Mahalanobis D² analysis. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 463-6.

Twenty genotypes of aggregatum onion were evaluated for eighteen growth, yield and quality characters to estimate the genetic diversity among them by Mahalanobis D² statistics. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster V contained maximum number of genotypes (six genotypes) followed by cluster IV (four genotypes), cluster III (Three genotypes), cluster VI, II and I (Two genotypes). Cluster VII was monogenotypic. The clusters IV and VII had highest inter cluster distance. The maximum mean values for plant height, leaf length and yield per plot was observed by the genotypes of clusters II. The maximum number of leaves and number of tillers was recorded by the genotypes of the cluster V. Maximum leaf girth and maximum bulb length was observed by the genotypes of cluster VII. The genotypes of cluster I has shown maximum bulb diameter. The genotypes of cluster IV and VI recorded maximum number of bulbs. Maximum chlorophyll content and yield per plant was recorded by the genotypes of the cluster IV. Therefore it was concluded that these clusters and their genotypes could be intercrossed in order to achieve more variability.

1 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

003509   JAYPRIYA M, PORPAVAI S (Soil and Water Management Research Institute, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of crop establishment methods and irrigation scheduling on growth and yield of direct dry seeded rice. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 459-62.

Field experiment was conducted at Soil and Water Management Research Institute, Kattuthottam, Thanjavur during kharif season (July - October) of 2018 to study the effect of crop establishment methods and irrigation scheduling on growth and yield of direct dry seeded rice. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of two different crop establishment methods viz., Raised bed with manual sowing (M₁), Flat bed with manual sowing (M₂) in main plots and six irrigation scheduling in sub plots viz., Irrigation on the day of disappearance of ponded water (I₁), Irrigation at 1 day after disappearance of ponded water (I₂), Irrigation on 3 days after disappearance of ponded water (I₃), Irrigation on 5 days after disappearance of ponded water (I₄), Irrigation on 7 days after disappearance of ponded water (I₅), Irrigation on 9 days after disappearance of ponded water (I₆). It was found that raised bed panting with manual sowing (M₁) recorded significantly higher plant height, number of productive tillers m^-2 , number of grains panicle^-1 than flat bed planting with manual sowing (M₂). But, there was no significant yield (kg/ha) difference between the raised bed and flat bed planting methods. Among the different irrigation treatments, irrigation on the day of disappearance of ponded water recorded highest grain and straw yield.

3 tables,10 ref

003655   SPEHIA R S, VERMA M L (Soil Science and Water Management Dep, Dr. Y S Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh) : CAN micro irrigation adoption help in doubling farmers income: A case study of Himachal Pradesh, India. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 452-8.

Himachal Pradesh is characterized by low production due to unreliable and sparse water availability. Though, varied agro-climatic conditions hold great potential for producing cash crops, the economic conditions of the farmers has not improved over the years, mainly due to dependence on rain for crop production. However, in recent years, use of micro irrigation is increasing in fruits and vegetable crops in the state giving impetus to the farmers’ income. A detailed survey of all the 12 districts was carried out to assess the current status and potential of micro irrigation (MI) in agricultural/horticultural crops in relation to income generation and increase in crop productivity. Based upon the survey, SWOT analysis on potential of micro irrigation was done to suggest suitable recommendations for mass adoption. In depth study on assessment of potential of MI, its preliminary status, economic aspects and technical issues limiting its usage on large scale was done. From the study, it can be concluded that microirrigation programme has contributed significantly in increasing income in water scarce areas by increasing water-use efficiency and enhancing income manifold depending upon the acreage under cultivation by diversifying to cash crops from traditional agricultural crops.

7 tables, 9 ref

003499   JADHAV N G, DESHMUKH H S (Horticulture Dep, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra) : Effect of growth regulators, chemical and organic wastes on the seed germination and seedling diameter of Rangpur lime. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 448-51.

The present investigation entitled “Effect of growth regulators, chemical & organic wastes on germination & seedling diameter of Rangpur lime’’, was conducted at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Citrus, Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during 2013- 14. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and ten treatments whereas laboratory experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and ten treatments, comprising pre-soaking treatment of Gibberellic acid (GA₃) at 50 and 100 ppm, Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 50 and 100 ppm, KNO₃ at 1 % and 2 %, cow urine 50 % and 100 % and cow dung paste and control. The observation on germination percentage, seedlings diameter were recorded. Among all the treatments, T₂ and GA₃ 100 ppm was the best treatment for germination under laboratory (88.86 %) as well as field conditions (69.88 %) whereas, the highest seedling diameter (1.67 cm) was recorded in treatment T₄, NAA 100 ppm.

3 tables, 19 ref

003533   KUMAR K P, SARKAR A, CHOWDHURI T K, SADHUKAN R (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal) : Performance of new gladiolus cultivars under the Gangetic plateau of West Bengal conditions. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 444-7.

An experiment was conducted to assess the performance of gladiolus cultivars at the Horticultural Research Station, Moundori farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, where was nine cultivars tested during two consequentional year 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 under AICRP programme in West Bengal. Among the new cultivars tested, AC.No.7 and Punjab Glad-1may be recommended for quality spike production along with Pusa Kiran, Pusa Subham, Yellow enterprise and Candy Man.

4 tables, 15 ref

003681   VIDYASHREE B S, ARTHANARI P M, SOMASUNDARAM E (Agronomy Dep, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of biomulches on weed flora on irrigated sunflower. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 441-3.

A field experiment was conducted at Eastern Block Farm at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to evaluate biomulching as weed management practices on Sunflower during Rabi, 2018-19. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments comprised of different biomulches viz., live mulching with Sunhemp @ 40 kg ha^-1 , Multi varietal crops (Navathaniyam) @ 50 kg ha^-1 , Terminalia chebula powder @ 400 kg ha^-1 , Mango leaves @ 4 t ha^-1 , Tamarind leaf mulch @ 4 t ha^-1 , Eucalyptus leaves @ 7 t ha^-1 , Mustard seed powder @ 160 kg ha^-1 , Neem leaves @ 2.5 t ha^-1 , Two Hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS and Weedy check @ Unmulched plot. The results revealed that application of Eucalyptus leaf mulch on the soil surface between the rows @ 7 t ha^-1 and hand weeding twice at 30 and 45 DAS was effective in controlling weeds and recorded lower weed density, weed dry weight eventually resulting in higher yield of sunflower.

1 table, 11 ref

003589   PRABU PC (Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu) : Sulphur nutrition of rainfed groundnut in red and black soils of Tamil Nadu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 438-40.

Field experiment was conducted at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam during Rabi season of 2014 to evaluate the influence of graded levels gypsum (basal, split and top dress) @ 400 kg/ha and different times of application as a source of sulphur on soil fertility and yield parameters of groundnut under rainfed condition. Four treatments were allotted in randomized block design with five replications. The treatments consisted of T₁ - Control, T₂ – 400 kg gypsum as basal, T₃ – 400 kg gypsum (50 % basal+ 50 % top dress during 30-45 days as on when rain received), T₄ – 400 kg gypsum as top dress (during 30- 45 days as on when rain received). Groundnut TMV13 was used as a test variety. Results indicated that split application of gypsum 200 kg basal + 200 kg at as on when rain received between 30 to 50 days has been found to be most suitable technique for rainfed condition and it is also economically viable to the farmers who practicing rainfed cultivation of groundnut.

2 tables, 8 ref

003432   AMUTHAM G T, KARTHIKEYAN R, THAVAPRAKAASH N, BHARATHI C (Agronomy Dep, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Agronomic bio-fortification with zinc on growth and yield of babycorn under irrigated condition. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 434-7.

A field experiment was conducted at Department of Agronomy Farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, to study the effect of agronomic bio-fortification with zinc on growth and yield of babycorn under irrigated condition. The treatments comprised of T₁: No zinc (control), T₂: ZnSO₄ at 25 kg/ha as soil application, T₃: ZnSO₄ at 37.5 kg/ha as soil application, T₄: Foliar spray of ZnSO₄ at 0.5 % on 20 and 40 DAS, T₅: Foliar spray of ZnSO4 at 1.0 % on 20 and 40 DAS, T₆: T₂ + T₄, T₇: T₂ + T₅, T₈: T₃ + T₄, T₉: T₃ + T₅. The result of this experiment showed that combined application of zinc sulphate at 37.5 kg/ha with 0.5 % foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height (211.6 cm), drymatter production (12758 kg/ha), chlorophyll SPAD value (53.56), took lesser number of days to tasseling (47.88 days) and cob initiation (48.73 days), green cob yield (18637 kg/ha) and green fodder yield (31592 kg/ha) compared to other treatments. However, it was statically on par with combined soil application of zinc sulphate (25 kg/ha or 37.5 kg/ha) with foliar spray (0.5 % or 1.0 %) at 20 and 40 DAS (T₉, T₇ and T₆).

2 tables, 19 ref

003671   UDHAYAKUMAR R, MUTHUKUMAR A, KANAGARAJAN R (Plant Pathology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu) : Evaluation of filia 52.5 se (Tricyclazole 34.2 % + propiconazole 10.7 %) against rice blast disease. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 396-9.

Rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most damaging plant diseases worldwide. Use of chemicals is an important tool to control rice blast disease. Therefore, a new combination molecule of Filia 52.5 SE (Tricyclazole 34.2 % + Propiconazole 10.7 %) was tried against leaf and neck blast of rice under field condition. The results from first and second season trial revealed that, Filia 52.5 SE @ 1.5 ml/lit was highly effective against Rice leaf blast, which recorded 79.89 per cent control over untreated check at par with Filia 52.5 SE @ 1.25 ml/lit (79.07 %). This was followed by Filia 52.5 SE @ 1.0 ml/lit (72.80 %), Tricyclozole 75 WP @ 0.8 g/lit (71.02 %). Untreated check recorded a PDI of 25.56 at 15 days after 2nd spray. Similarly, the second season also, Filia 52.5 SE @ 1.5 ml/lit was highly effective against Rice leaf blast, which recorded 79.89 per cent control over untreated check at par with Filia 52.5 SE @ 1.25 ml/lit (79.07 %). This was followed by Filia 52.5 SE @ 1.0 ml/lit (72.80 %), Tricyclozole 75 WP @ 0.8 g/lit (71.02 %). In both seasons, the control of neck blast also, similar trend was exhibited among the various treatments and Filia 52.5 SE @ 1.5 ml/lit and 1.25 ml/lit were very effective and at par with each other in checking neck blast. Filia 52.5 SE at 1.5 and 1.25 ml/lit recorded significantly higher grain yields, which were on par with each other and followed by Filia 52.5 SE @ 1.0 ml/lit in both seasons.

2 tables, 28 ref

003521   KAPADIA VN, SASIDHARAN N, PATEL DA, KALYANRAO (Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand, Gujarat) : Identification of the SSR marker linked to powdery mildew resistant gene(s) in Brassica spp.. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 388-95.

The present investigation was carried out to obtain information on screening of molecular markers for powdery mildew resistance in Indian mustard. The molecular analysis for powdery mildew resistance in Brassica spp. was carried out with four females, three males, F1S and F2S generation. The experimental materials were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The SSR markers viz, OI10- B12 and OI10-C01 clearly distinguished between susceptible and resistant bulks of interspecific cross GM-3 x PusaSwarnim. However, these markers can also be utilized for identifying disease resistance in other brassica species also, since over the years the ‘C’ genome introgression to other Brassica genotypes may have occurred through natural out crossing. But disease resistant reaction of genotypes will greatly depend upon the congenial environment prevailing for diseases outbreak. Therefore the markers identified in this study may be influenced by the prevailing environmental and the eco-geographical factors which need to be taken into consideration while attending further phenotypic screening for disease resistance and validating with the molecular markers.

2 illus, 9 tables, 27 ref

003645   SINGH T V J, MOHAN Y C, RAJU C H D, JAGADESWAR R, BALRAM M (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Agriculture Coll, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Character association and path coefficient studies in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 383-7.

Genetic parameters, correlation coefficients among yield and yield components, direct and indirect effect of yield components on yield were studied in one hundred and one rice genotypes for seven quantitative traits. The analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant differences for all the characters among the genotypes. The estimate of GCV and PCV was found to be highest for number of filled grains per panicle followed by grain yield per plant and ear bearing tillers. The broad sense heritability was highest for plant height (99.6%) followed by grain yield per plant (98.8 %) and days to flowering (98.2). The estimate of genetic advance was found to be highest for number of filled grains per panicle and grain yield per plant. The number of filled grains per panicle and grain yield per plant had high heritability as well as high genetic advance. A significant positive association of grain yield with number of panicles and test weight was observed in character association studies. Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height, ear bearing tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle and test weight (g) exhibited positive direct effect on yield. Among these characters, ear bearing tillers and test weight possessed both positive association and high direct effects. Hence, selection for these character could bring improvement in yield and yield components.

3 tables, 33 ref

003595   RAJU M (Agronomy Dep, Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Thanjavur) : A review on genotypes, plant densities and fertilizer levels influenced on growth and yield attributes of sunnhemp. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 377-82.

Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) known as Indian hemp belongs to family of Fabaceae. The largest producer of sunnhemp fibre in the world is India followed by Bangladesh and Brazil. It is an important multipurpose leguminous crop grown for fibre, green manure and fodder purposes. The experiments revealed that the response of growth and yield attributes of sunnhemp were greatly pronounced by genotypes, plant densities and fertilizers. The optimum plant population with suitable genotypes under required level of fertilizers.

91 ref

003640   SINGH R D, SINGH V K, DWIVEDI G (K.N.I.P.S.S., Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Weed management studies in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under verying levels of phosphorus in Bundelkhand region of southern U.P.. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 373-6.

A field experiment was conducted during 2004-05 & 2005-06 at research farm of Brahamanand Mahavidyalaya, Rath (Hamirpur) University of Bundelkhand, Jhansi (U.P.), to find out weed management studies in Chickpea under varying levels of phosphorus in Bundelkhand region of Southern U.P. At the inception of the experiment, the soil was low in organic carbon & available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus & potassium. On the basis of results obtained in the present study conducted for two consecutive years, the following conclusions are being made out which could be useful for both scientists & farmers. The next best treatment to weed free was the integrated method of ween management i.e. preemergence application of Pendemethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha^-1 + HW at 48 DAS in respect of providing better yield & yield contributing characters and for effective.

19 ref

003609   SANDEEP G, SWAMINATHAN V, PARAMAGURU P, JANAKI D (Horticulture Dep, Agricultural Coll and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth, yield, and quality of annual moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) var. PKM-1. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 363-7.

In order to explore the response of foliar application of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of annual moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) var. PKM-1 a field experiment was carried out at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam during the year 2018 to 2019. The treatments consist of Ferrous (1 %), Boron (0.2 %), Zinc (0.5 %), Manganese (0.5 %), a mixture of all with control and the experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications. Treatment combination was sprayed at three stages – Vegetative, flowering and pod setting stage. In annual moringa var. PKM-1 maximum plant height (1.43 m, 2.39 m, 5.36 m), trunk girth (2.20 m, 18.01 m, 32.00 m), number of pods per tree (120 pods), pod length (80.25 cm), pod girth (7.9 cm), ascorbic acid content (61.34 mg/100g, 65.39 mg/100 g, 68.91 mg/100 g and in pod 43.06 mg/100 g) and carotenoid (29.50 mg/100 g, 30.13 mg/100 g, 35.10 mg/100 g and in pod 5.11 mg/100 g) content were recorded in T8 (Mixture of all micronutrients) and followed by T₆ [(Ferrous Sulphate 1 % + 0.1 % Citric Acid) + Zinc Sulphate 0.5 %]. However, number of panicles per tree (20.71, 64.20,120.00), number of flowers per panicle (16.97, 29.33, 54.67) and number of pods per panicle (2.29) was recorded in T₈ and followed by T₅ (Boric Acid 0.2 %). This research trial proves that foliar application of micronutrients induced good growth, yield, and quality in annual moringa var. PKM-1.

5 tables, 36 ref

003612   SARMA R S, SHANKHDHAR D, SHANKHDHAR S C (Plant Physiology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Beneficial effects of silicon fertilizers on disease and insect-pest management in rice genotypes (Oryza sativa. L). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 358-62.

A field experiment was conducted in kharif season of 2015 to investigate the influence of silicon fertilizers on different rice genotypes namely PA-6129, PA-6201, PA-6444, PHB-71, US-312, and BPT5204. Soil application of silicon solubilizer was given at the time of maximum tillering, panicle initiation and 50% flowering stage. Various parameter like leaves dry matter content, leaves Silicon content, Pest infestation (Yellow stem borer- dead heart and white ear head), Disease infestation (Rice blast, False smut) was observed. After silicon fertilizers treatment leaf weight significantly increased of all varieties at three perspective growth stages (Maximum tillering, Panicle initiation, Flowering). BPT-5204 showed very good responses in increasing leaf weight compared to other varieties. Silicon content in leaves (at 50 % Flowering stages) increases as compared to control in all perspective varieties under silicon solublizers treatment, and BPT-5204 showed maximum accumulation of silicon in leaves. Stem borer infestation (Dead heart and white ear head) was significantly reduced after application of silicon fertilizers in all rice genotypes. In case of stem borer infestation also BPT-5204 showed maximum reduction in larva was found as compared to other genotypes. Rice blast disease was significantly reduced in all rice genotypes as compared to control after silicon solublizers treatment in soil. Similar results was found in false smut disease also, soil application of silicon fertilizers reduced infestation of false smut and severe false smut in all rice genotypes as compared to control.

3 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

003493   HITAISHI S K, KUMAR S, CHOUDHARY A M, PURUSHOTTAM, YADAV C B (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, N.D. Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Worth of genetic parameters to sort out new elite barley lines over heterogeneous environments. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 332-4.

Thirty six diverse elite barely lines and six checks were grown in the three environments with two replications during Rabi 2006-2007 to study coefficient of variability, heritability and expected genetic advance for ten characters i.e., Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, total tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, plant height (cm), number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield per plant (g).The phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV). Environmental coefficient of variability (ECV) was less than both the parameters except days to maturity in E2. Grain yield per plant has the highest coefficient of variability followed by number of grains per spike. High estimates of heritability in broad sense were recorded for 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike followed by biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. The characters which showed higher estimates of genetic advance coupled with higher estimates of heritability reflecting additive gene action, were grain yield per plant and number of grains per spike followed by biological yield per plant. Thus, selection of these characters should emphasized in barley improvement programme.

1 table, 11 ref

003517   KALAMBE A S, WANKHADE M P, DESHMUKH J D, CHAVAN B R, SHINDE A V (Agricultural Botany Dep, Agriculture Coll, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Correlation studies in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 321-3.

Twenty two genotypes including two checks of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] were studied for character association for yield and its components. The experiment was conducted at research farm, Department of Agril. Botany, VNMKV, Parbhani and it was laid out in Randomized Block Design with two replications. The observations was recorded on twelve characters viz , plant height, number of primary branches per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, mean pod weight (g), pod length (cm), pod width (cm), days to first pod harvest, 100 seed weight (g), pod yield per plant (g) and pod yield per hectare (qt). It was observed that the magnitude of association varied among the genotypes. The characters plant height, No. of primary branches per plant, No. of pods per plant, No. of seeds per pod, mean pod weight and 100 seed weight showed the positive and significant correlation with pod yield per plant.

2 tables, 15 ref

003442   BENDE T S, BAGADE A B, DESHMUKH J D, SHINDE A V (Agricultural Botany Dep, VNMKV, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Path analysis studies of yield and yield components in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 318-20.

Fourty one genotypes including one check were sown in a randomized block design with two replications during Kharif 2017 at experimental farm, Department of Agricultural Botany, V.N.M.K.V, Parbhani. Path analysis revealed that maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant was exhibited through number of fruits per plant, number of branches per plant, fruit weight per plant, shoot borer infestation and number of flower per plant. Present results indicate the importance of these traits in selection for fruit yield per plant. Direct selection based on these traits would result in simultaneous improvement of aforesaid traits and yield in brinjal.

2 tables, 6 ref

003566   NEELAMBARI, SINGH A K, KUMAR S, KUMARI R, KUMAR P (Botany and Plant Physiology Dep, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural Univ, Pusa, Bihar) : Interactive effect of salinity and high temperature stress during germination stage of different wheat (Triticum astivum L.) genotypes. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 308-17.

The experiment was carried out under laboratory condition to investigate the impact of individual as well as combined salinity and high temperature stress on germination and early seedling growth of wheat and to screen contrasting sets of wheat genotypes for combined stress. Three replications of screen forty six winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were subjected to two levels of salinity stress i.e. 4 and 8 dSm^-1 with salt combination of NaCl:CaCl₂:Na₂SO₄ in a ratio of 7:2:1 and high temperature treatment that was given by transferring the seeding in the incubator at temperature 37± 2°C. The physiological parameters i.e. seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and SPAD value were measured in 10 days old seedling. The result indicated that, all parameters were found decreased under the influence of these stress but the reduction was most severe under combined second salinity level and high temperature stress when compared to ambient condition. Also genotypes KRL-1-4, KRL-19 and HD-2733 were found to be most tolerant and HI-1563, HD 2329 and HT-8 were the most susceptible in terms of physiological parameters under given treatments. It was concluded that there is a genetic variability among the wheat genotypes that can be used in breeding programs to improve wheat yield.

4 tables, 14 ref

003523   KAVITHA S, ANANDARAJA N (Agricultural Extension Dep, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangan) : Symbolic adoption of Kisan call centre services among farmers in Mahaboob Nagar district of Telangana state. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 283-6.

Kisan Call Centre (KCC) is one of the major initiatives taken by Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India to give agriculture services at door step of farmer. The study was conducted in Mahaboob nagar district of Telangana with the objective of analyzing symbolic adoption of Kisan Call Centre Services among farmers. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study with the sample size of 90 respondents. Data was collected from the respondents with the help of well-structured interview schedule. The result indicated that majority (86.67 %) of the respondents symbolically accepted seed varieties information followed by market information (86.67 %), Govt. schemes (83.33 %), plant protection related information (80.00 %), water management practices (63.33 %), sowing time and weather information (60.00 %) and crop insurance advisories (56.67 %). The study result concluded that the Department of Agriculture, KVKs and State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) may be provided with additional responsibilities of popularization of KCC services through their all on-going training and capacity building programmes. At regular interval KCC operators may contact feedback surveys which will enhance their services in an improved manner. Besides, success stories and short video modules may be prepared by the m-kisan team in the respective regional languages and it has to be shared to the smart phone using farmers as like social media tools.

2 tables, 10 ref

003490   HEGDE C B, PANT S C, THILAK J C, PUNETHA S (Vegetable Science Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Analysis of combining ability and studies of gene action for yield and yield contributing traits in a half diallel cross of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 274-7.

Six parental genotypes and their fifteen F1 hybrids were used in the present study in a half diallel cross system (without reciprocals) to estimate the combining ability for yield and yield contributing traits in capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.). The experiment was carried out at Vegetable Research and Demonstration Block of Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance for combining ability indicated that GCA and SCA mean squares were highly significant for all the characters under study which suggest that these parents performed differently in different combinations indicating interallelic interactions. Maximum yield contributing traits studied exhibited greater GCA variance than SCA varience, suggesting that these traits are controlled by additive gene action except yield per plant which are found to be under the control of non-additive gene action. Among the parents California Wonder emerged as good general combiner for yield per plant (0.16 kg), fruit diameter (0.71 kg) and fruit pericarp thickness (0.29 kg). The genotype Arka Mohini exhibited highly significant for average fruit weight (12.45 g), Solan Bharpur for number of fruits per plant (3.79) and EC802552 for fruit length (1.94 cm). The highest specific combining ability effect in fruit yield was observed in the cross California Wonder × LC-10 (0.41 kg). Whereas, different cross combinations showed the good specific combining ability effects in different yield contributing traits in desirable direction. Thus the result concluded that the commercialization of superior capsicum hybrid and selection of suitable parents according to its combining ability can be utilized in further crop improvement programme.

5 tables, 10 ref

003529   KULKARNI S, RAJA (Plant Pathology Dep, Bidar Univ of Agricultural Sciences Raichur, Karnataka) : Evaluation of fungicides against Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus and Moore, causing anthracnose of greengramm. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 266-9.

Eight fungicides were evaluated in vitro against anthracnose of greengram caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus and Moore. fungicides tested, Propiconazole, carbendazim thiophonate methyl and benomyl were best in inhibiting (100 %) the growth of fungus at all the three concentrations tested (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 %) and next best was hexaconazole (100 %) at 0.1 and 0.15 per cent.

2 tables, 17 ref

003653   SONI N, SINGH S N, TRIPATHI U K (Plant Pathology Dep, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Assessment of different fungicides against rust (Uromyces fabae de Bary) disease of field pea (Pisum sativum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 240-3.

The present study was conducted during Rabi season of year 2017-18 at the experimental field of JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) for assessment of different fungicides in controlling rust disease of field pea. Seven treatments including control with three replications were taken up by using RBD. Treatments of foliar spray of propiconazole (Tilt 25 % EC) @ 0.1 % (T₁), tebuconazole (Folicure 25.9 % EC) @ 0.17 % (T₂), difenoconazole (Score 25% EC) @ 0.06 % (T₃), hexaconazole (Contaf plus 5 % SC) @ 0.2 % (T₄), azoxystrobin (Amistar 23 % SC) @ 0.1% (T₅), carbendazim + mancozeb (Saaf 75 % WP) @ 0.2 % (T₆) and control (Spray of plain water)- T₇, were applied at the first initiation of disease symptoms and second at 15 days after the first spray. The data were recorded at 15 and 30 days after the spray. Results showed that the per cent disease intensity (PDI) was significantly low (11.40 and 14.96 %) in Propiconazole 25 % (EC), followed by Difenoconazole 25 % (EC) with 14.66 and 16.09 per cent, respectively. The highest seed yield was recorded in Propiconazole 25 % (EC) sprayed plot 19.61 q/ha, followed by Difenoconazole 25 % (EC) with 19.40 q/ha, respectively as compared to control which recorded maximum per cent disease intensity (28.74 and 39.85 %) and lowest yield 13.75 q/ha.

4 tables, 20 ref

003435   AVINASH M, NAGARAJU K, MUTHURAJU R, ASHA N N, KRISHNA MURTHY R, VASANTHA KUMARI R (Agricultural Microbiology Dep, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka) : In vitro biocontrol activity of rhizosphere isolates against wilt causing pathogen of Redgram (Cajanus cajan). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 235-9.

An experiment was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru, to screen the bacterial isolates from rhizosphere soil of Redgram against the wilt causing pathogen of Redgram under in vitro condition. Forty bacterial isolates were tested in vitro condition for their biocontrol activity against fungal plant pathogen using Dual plate technique and mycelial dry weight reduction assay. The study revealed that bacterial isolates from Redgram rhizosphere found to inhibit the growth of wilt causing Fusarium spp. in the laboratory conditions. The isolates RGB8 (63.33 % inhibition in dual plate and 70% inhibition of dry mycelial weight) and RGP7 (60.00 % inhibition in dual plate and 65.78 % inhibition of dry mycelial weight) found to be effective against the Fusarium wilt pathogen which can be used as bio inoculant against the wilt pathogen.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

003646   SINGH U P, MAURYA K, SINGH D (Plant Pathology Dep, T.D. (P.G.) Coll, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Evaluation of agro-wastes for the production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor caju). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 231-4.

Oyster mushrooms draw their nutritional requirement from a host substrate or from the agricultural wastes rich in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose used for their cultivation. Nutrient content varied with the substrate which lead to varied mushroom yield. An experiment was conducted to evaluate commonly available agro – wastes viz. paddy straw, wheat straw, leaves and stalks of maize, leaves and stalk of sorghum straw, sugarcane leaves and sugarcane bagasse for the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor caju). Among tested substrates paddy straw was found most suitable for the cultivation of P. sajor caju.

1 table, 33 ref

003526   KOUR S, KHAN A, BRAHMA B, JEELANI R, KHURSHEED I, DUA S (Livestock Production and Management Dv, Sher e Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir) : A study on buffalo management practices followed by Gujjar tribe of Jammu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 218-21.

A field survey was conducted in and around R.S. Pura tehsil of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, India and data was collected from 120 respondents belonging to Gujjar community through specially designed questionnaire by random sampling method. The study revealed that majority of respondents preferred semi loose system of housing in the area and were not maintaining any records. It was observed that most of them were not disinfecting animal sheds. Regarding summer and winter management in buffaloes, majority of farmers practiced management practices to protect buffaloes from extreme heat and cold. About 14.16 % of the respondents sometimes washed milking utensils before milking and 83.33 % always washed their utensils followed by 2.5 % who never washed them. About 94.16 % and 100 % of respondents adopted vaccination against Foot and mouth disease and Hemorrhagic septicemia for their animals respectively. Majority of farmers were poor in certain aspects of scientific management of animals and overall picture was not satisfactory.

4 tables, 13 ref

003445   BHAVITHRA P, BALAKUMBAHAN R, PARAMAGURU P, VENKATESAN K (Vegetable Crops Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu) : Evaluation of underutilized leafy vegetables for growth and yield. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 214-7.

The green leafy vegetables play an important role in the life of rural people as they form an important part of food and nutrition of local population as many of them are traditionally been esteemed for their utilization. Greens are the leafy vegetables in which their leaf and stem portions are edible. Vegetable crops are neither grown commercially on large scale nor traded widely and consumed locally are called underutilized crops. Among various green leafy vegetables many are remain underutilized and unexplored. With an objective to compare the growth and yield performance of fifteen different leafy vegetable viz., Acalypa indica, Alternanthera brasiliana, Alternanthera bettzickiana, Alternanthera sessilis, Cardiospermum helicacabum, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium album, Centella asiatica, Coccinia grandis, Hibiscus cannabinus, Ipomoea aquatica, Pisonia alba, Sauropus androgynous, Talinum fruticosum, Solanum trilobatum were collected. Growth performance of the underutilized green leafy vegetables showed that plant height and leaf breadth was maximum in G10 (Hibiscus cannabinus) at 90 DAP, number of leaves /plant recorded maximum in G4 (Alternanthera sessilis), leaf length was maximum in G14 (Talinum fruticosum). Leaf area and yield was maximum in G3 (Alternanthera bettzickiana) at 90 DAP.

5 tables, 12 ref

003631   SHOBHARANI M, SIDRAMAPPA, SUNILKUMAR N M (Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur, Karnataka) : Field evaluation of Methoxyfenozide 24% SC against early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen and Internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) in sugarcane. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 210-3.

Field experiments were conducted to find out the efficacy of Methoxyfenozide 24 % SC w/v (21.8 % w/w) against early shoot borer (ESB), Chilo infuscatellus and Internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus in sugarcane at Agricultural Research Station, Bidar, during 2013-14 and 2014-15 Rabi-Summer. Methoxyfenozide 24 % SC at different doses ranging from 375, 500 and 625 ml/ha was tested for their efficacy against early shoot borer and internode borer incidence. The results revealed that Methoxyfenozide 24 % SC @ 625 ml/ha and Methoxyfenozide 24 % SC @ 500 ml/ha recorded highest percent reduction of shoot borer incidence at thirty days after imposing the treatment and highest cane yield respectively, under the field condition.

2 tables, 11 ref

003528   KULKARNI S, RAJA (Plant Pathology Dep, Bidar Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka) : Integrated disease management of anthracnose of greengram. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 200-3.

The field trial were conducted during kharif at Agricultural Research Station, Bidar on the management of anthracnose of greengram. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Block Design with two replication, botanicals and untreated control. Out of 17 treatments foliar spray of Propiconazole was found to be effective in control of the disease and increased the grain and stalk yields but foliar spray of Hexaconazole showed maximum BCR followed by Carbendazim seed treatment foliar spry of Carbendazim than Propiconazole and was also found to be effective in managing anthracnose of greengram and increased the grain and stalk yields.

1 table, 9 ref

003487   GUPTA R, RAI A P, SWAMI S (Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences Coll, Umiam, Barapani, Meghalaya) : Soil enzymes, microbial biomass carbon and microbial population as influenced by integrated nutrient management under onion cultivation in sub-tropical zone of Jammu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 194-9.

A field trial was conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate onion (Allium cepa L.) performance, soil fertility build-up and estimation of soil enzymes, soil microbial biomass and microbial population under integrated nutrient management with two organic manures viz. vermicompost and farmyard manure (FYM) in combination with NPK fertilizers in sub-tropical zone of Jammu. The treatments tested were: T₁- control; T₂ - 100 % NPK alone; T₃ - 100 % NPK + 12.5 t FYM ha^-1 ; T₄ - 100 % NPK + 25 t FYM ha^-1 ; T₅ - 100 % NPK + 12.5 t vermicompost ha^-1 ; T₆ - 100 % NPK + 25 t vermicompost ha^-1 . The maximum onion yield was recorded with the application of 100 % NPK + 25 t vermicompost ha^-1 (T₆) during both the years i.e. 9.63 and 10.34 t ha^-1 . The application of FYM @ 25 t ha^-1 (T₄) recorded 23 and 18% increase in yield of onion over 100 % NPK alone (T₂) during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively, whereas vermicompost @ 25 t ha^-1 (T₆) recorded 39 and 31% increased onion yield. A comparison between FYM and vermicompost receiving treatments revealed that the treatments receiving same quantity of vermicompost recorded higher yield in comparison to FYM. Furthermore, yield of onion obtained with 12.5 t vermicompost ha^-1 plus 100 % NPK (T₅) during both the years was at par with that received under 25 t FYM ha^-1 plus 100 % NPK (T₄) demonstrating superiority of vermicompost over FYM. Application of vermicompost @ 25 t ha^-1 plus 100 % NPK (T₆) also increased N uptake over 100 % NPK alone (T₂) by 120 and 138 % by onion during both the consecutive years, respectively. The corresponding increase in P uptake was 164 and 130 % whereas in case of K, it was 112 and 171 %. The highest soil available N, P and K content was observed with T₆, as 296, 25.7 and 343 kg ha^-1 . The treatment T₆ also increased organic carbon content over 100 % NPK treated plots (T₂) by 58 %. Microbial population increased by 149 % cfu × 10^-4 and 70 % cfu × 10^-4 in T₆ over control and T₂, respectively. Soil microbial biomass varied considerably among treatments and ranged from 41 to 143 mg kg^-1 and the highest microbial biomass was recorded in T₆. Phosphatase activity exhibited increasing trend with the application of both FYM and vermicompost and the highest value was observed in T₆. NPK fertilizers alone recorded significantly higher phosphatase activity and it increased by 36 % over control. Use of chemical fertilizers alone i.e. 100 % NPK exhibited a lower dehydrogenase activity compared with conjoined use of inorganic and organic treatments.

1 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

003440   BARMAN R, DEY S R, KANDPAL G (Agronomy Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara, Punjab) : Impact of rice husk biochar and inorganic amendments on growth attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 185-8.

A pot experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design with three repetitions in the field of School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, from 31st November 2017 to 28th April 2018 to study Impact of rice husk biochar and inorganic amendments on growth attributes parameter of wheat. Different pots were treated with different level of biochar and inorganic amendments viz., T₁(100 % RDF), T₂(3 % Biochar+50 % RDF), T₃(3 % Biochar+75 % RDF), T₄(3 % Biochar+100 % RDF), T₅(5 % Biochar+50 % RDF), T₆(5 % Biochar+75% RDF), T₇ (5 % Biochar+100 % RDF) with control. Result revealed that application of (3 % Biochar+75 % RDF) recorded significantly highest growth attributes (Plant height (cm), Number of tillers, Leaf length (cm)) after 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS.

3 tables, 24 ref

003583   PATOLIYA B V, JUNEJA R P, DHEDHI K K, GHELANI Y H, GHELANI M K (Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh, Gujarat) : Efficacy of insecticidal seed treatment on seed viability and seed damage during storage under ambient condition. Crop: chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 181-4.

The experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Research Unit, Main Pearl Millet Research Station, J.A.U., Jamnagar during 2016-17 on chickpea with an objective to ascertain new insecticidal chemical against Callosobruchus chinensis, a major pests of stored chickpea seed. The observation on moisture content, germination and insect infestation were recorded at interval of three months of storage period. Moisture content in chick pea was found non-significant up to 6 months of storage period. The effect of different treatments on germination was found non-significant at up to 6 months of storage period. Among different insecticides, At 9 months, majority of the chick pea treated seeds were from damage except Chlorfenapyr @ 2 ppm (1.0 %), Novaluron @ 5 ppm (1.0 %), Rynaxypyr @ 2 ppm (1.33 %) and control (11.33 %). At 12 months, lowest incidence was recorded in Deltamethrin @ 1.0 ppm (3.0 %) and it was at par with Emamectin benzoate @ 2 ppm, (3.33 %) and in control it was 21.67 % seed damage.

5 tables, 12 ref

003579   PATEL M L, PARMAR V S, JOSHI N S, PRAJAPATI P J, HADIYA N J (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Amreli, Gujarat) : Perception of effectiveness of SAWAJ Trichoderma in controlling the disease among farmers. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 158-61.

Trichoderma is a very effective biological mean for plant disease management especially the soil born. It is a free-living fungus which is common in soil and root ecosystems. It is highly interactive in root, soil and foliar environments. It reduces growth, survival or infections caused by pathogens by different mechanisms like competition, antibiosis, mycoparasitism, hyphal interactions, and enzyme secretion. For the management of soil borne diseases especially stem and pod rot of groundnut, Trichoderma harzianum is very effective. Junagadh Agricultural University (JAU) has started the commercial production and selling of bio-agent Trichoderma harzianum culture under the brand name of SAWAJ Trichoderma. The study revealed that Trichoderma can be used with mixing with FYM ranked first, Application of Trichoderma is beneficial where fungal disease every years appears in soil ranked second, Trichoderma can used with sand mixing ranked third, Soil moisture must at the time of application of Trichoderma mixing ranked fourth, Trichoderma is cheaper than other chemical fungicides ranked fifth, Fungal disease not appears when Trichoderma is used for continuous 2 to 3 years ranked sixth.

2 tables, 9 ref

003496   ISHRATH P K, ANILKUMAR A S (Agriculture Coll, Trivandrum, Kerala) : Nursery management practices for improving root growth potential in vetiver. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 149-52.

An experiment was conducted at the Instructional farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani to study the effect of planting materials (slips and clumps), planting systems (planting strips and troughs), enriched rooting medium (with and without the additional application of cowdung slurry) and moisture regimes (irrigation at 8 mm and 16 mm CPE) on root growth potential and root characters of vetiver. The study was carried out in factorial RBD and replicated thrice. The results revealed that, root growth potential and root characters like number, weight, length, spread and volume can be improved by planting of vetiver slips in strips with enriched rooting medium (coirpith compost: soil: cowdung (2:1:1) + Azospirillum and AM Fungi (5 g as basal) and additional application of cowdung slurry at monthly intervals, along with scheduling of irrigation at 16 mm CPE.

2 tables, 11 ref

003543   LATHA P, MADHURI K V N, KUMAR A R N, VASANTHI R P, JOHN K (Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Root morphological response and P uptake of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for phosphorous efficiency. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 145-8.

An experiment was conducted to screen 20 groundnut genotypes for tolerance to phosphorus (P) insufficiency. Significant genotypic variation among genotypes were observed under both P sufficient and deficient treatments. The study revealed that the mean root length and shoot length recorded high in P sufficient soils compared to P deficient soils. The genotypes TCGS 1624, 1616, Greeshma and TCGS 1517 recorded high root length whereas TCGS 1622 recorded lowest root length. The mean root biomass showed no significant differences among P treatments whereas, shoot biomass recorded high in P sufficient soils compared to P deficient soils. Among the genotypes, TCGS 1624, Greeshma, TCGS 1616 and 1621 and 1622 recorded high root biomass in P deficient soils whereas, shoot biomass was found maximum in TCGS 1624, 1616, Greeshma and TCGS 1517. The mean root shoot ratio recorded high in P deficient soils compared to P sufficient soils and among the genotypes, root shoot ratio recorded highest in TCGS 1622, 1624, 1616 and Greeshma whereas shoot P % recorded highest in TCGS 1622, Greeshma, TCGS 1616 and 1624. Pod yields recorded high in TCGS 1624, 1616 and Greeshma in P deficient soils. Hence it can be concluded that, TCGS 1624, Greeshma, 1616 can be identified as P efficient groundnut lines based on their high root mining traits, shoot P % and pod yield.

2 tables, 28 ref

003518   KALPANA P V, JOTHIMANI P, UMAPATHY G (Sericulture Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Characterization of waste water for cultivation of mulberry. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 141-4.

To study the effect of different waste water irrigation on mulberry cultivation, different waste water samples were collected from Vadavalli, Thekkampatti and Ukkadam in Coimbatore district. The waste water samples were analyzed for the physico-chemical properties. The colour and odour of the tap water, paper mill waste water and sewage waste water were colourless and odourless but reeling waste water is grey colour with foul smell. The waste water samples consisting the major nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in tap water 12,84 mg/l (N), 0.89 mg/l (P), 20.04 mg/l (K), reeling waste water 13.57 mg/l (N), 1.15 mg/l (P), 22.68 mg/l (K), paper mill waste water 23.6 mg/l (N), 1.18 mg/l (P), 24.88 mg/l (K) and sewage waste water 18.46 mg/l (N), 1.68 mg/l (P), 20.33 mg/l (K). Minor nutrients like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and chloride (Cl) in tap water is 98.4 mg/l, 24 mg/l and 5.68 mg/l respectively, reeling waste water contains 109.6 mg/l, 37.44 mg/l and 28.4mg/l respectively, paper mill waste water is having 116.8 mg/l, 91.2 mg/l and 41.18 mg/l respectively and sewage waste water contains 548 mg/l, 221.6 mg/l, 46.86 mg/l respectively. So, utilization of waste water for the cultivation of mulberry is effective and ecofriendly.

2 tables, 16 ref

003673   UMA MAHESHWARI M, ARTHANARI P M (Agronomy Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Sunflower dried stalk extract: A natural preemergence herbicide: Effect on crops and weeds seed germination. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 135-7.

The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of sunflower dried stalk solution on germination of crop and weed seeds under various concentrations. Four rates of sunflower dried stalk solution on weight by volume basis such as 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1 kg in 10 liters of water were taken and sprayed into the pots with 20 cm diameter and a control was also maintained. Seeds of five crops and six weeds were sown. Germination percentage and dry weight of crops and weeds were recorded for each pot. Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis reduced mean germination by 9.4 % for Abutilon indicum, 8.4 % for Parthenium hysteroporus,7.2 % for Amaranhus viridis,9.0 % for Trianthema portulacastrum,11.9 % for Cynodon dactylon,10.1 % for Cyperus rotundus,7.9 % for Maize,9.1 % for Blackgram,7.6 % for Greengram,6.9 % for Cowpea, and 8.9 % for Pearl millet, compared with the control. The dry weight of crops and weed seeds was also reduced with Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v dose and so direct seeding of these vegetables into soil into which Sunflower dried stalk solution has been incorporated is not advisable. Using transplants may be an alternative that takes advantage of the herbicidal effects of Sunflower dried stalk solution and thus prevents the weed emergence.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

003593   PRIYANKA B, DALVI D (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krushi Vidyapeeth Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Efffect of plant growth regulators on yield and yield contributing character of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) hybrid. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 132-4.

Plant growth regulators are used for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) canopy manipulation to avoid excess growth and yield losses Application of Mepiquat chloride@15ml and 10ml/10 lit of water at square and flowering stage was found significantly superior through out all growth stages which is resulted in alteration of cotton plant growth and development like reduction in plant height, internode length, reduction in leaf area and monopodial branches. It also responsible for increase in sympodial branches, relative water content, chlorophyll content, yield and yield parameters in Bt cotton hybrid. Application of mepiquat chloride (mc) at square and flower formation stage was found effective in reducing plant height, internode length, sympodia, increase in RWC, chlorophyll content and yield attributes as well as GMR, NMR and B:C ratio of Bt cotton.

11 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

003461   DALVI D G (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Effect of season on seed production feasibility in soybean. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 130-1.

A field experiment consisting of five soybean genotypes (JS-335, MAUS-81, MAUS-71, MAUS-47 and MAUS-61) with four replication was conducted in three season viz. kharif, Rabi and summer at Seed Technology Research Unit, VNMKV, Parbhani to find out the seed production feasibility in different season. The result revealed that the seed yield in soybean varieties was significantly higher in kharif season followed by summer as compared to Rabi season. The kharif was found to be best season for seed production. However, if soybean crop failed its seed viability due to late rains and field weathering in kharif season at the time of maturity. Seed production may be taken in summer season looking to comparable yield. The variety MAUS-71 followed by MAUS-81, JS-335 were recorded significantly highest seed yield over MAUS-47 in all the season. The variety MAUS-71 and MAUS-81 was found to be most ideal and stable over the year-round cultivation and best suited for seed production in all season.

10 ref