027293   YASMEEN, PATIL S S, HIREMATH G M, REDDY B S (Agricultural Economics Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur, (Karnataka), Email: itsmeyas786@gmail.com) : Performance analysis of cooperative sugar factories in north-eastern Karnataka. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 741 - 5.

The study was attempted to measure the economic performance of cooperative sugar factories in terms of total costs and returns, capacity utilization, physical and financial indicators and ratio analysis of the factories. In this study the three cooperative sugar factories are taken into consideration and the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for all the physical and financial indicators are worked out wherein the results suggested that a significant variation in the total cost and returns, capacity utilization and both physical and financial indicators over years within the three sugar factories was found. Further, the study revealed enough evidence about the financial ratios, which in turn showed the economic potentiality of the respective sugar factories. For the better performance of the factories an efficient planning and automation well before the start of the season is necessary and the government should come forward to help the farmers in making the cane bill payment at an early stage by the factories, by extending the financial assistance.

5 tables, 10 ref

027292   GHOSH K, CHOWDARY K A, PATRA B C, SARDAR S (Agronomy Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia - 741 252, (West Bengal), Email: kasturighosh1991@gmail.com) : Weed management in kharif rice in new alluvial zone of West Bengal. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 716 - 22.

A field experiment was carried out during the Kharif season of two consecutive years 2015 and 2016 at Instructional Farm, Jaguli, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal with the focal objective to assess the effect of different weed control measures on yield of transplanted kharif rice, IET 4786. Experiment having 3 replications was conducted in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments, namely, T_1- Pendimethalin 30 % EC + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 675 + 15 g a.i, T_2- Pendimethalin 30 % EC + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 900 + 200 g a.i, T_3- Pendimethalin 30 % EC + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 1125 + 25 g a.i, T_4- Pendimethalin 30 % EC @ 1500 g a.i, T_5- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 15 g a.i, T_6- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 20 g a.i, T_7- Metsulfuron methyl 10 % + Chlorimuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 4 g a.i, T_8- Hand weeding and T_9- Weedy check. Significant variations were observed on the mixed weed flora as well as onperformance of rice under the different herbicidal treatments. Pendimethalin 30 % EC + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 1125+25 g a.i) was found to be the most effective recording the lowest weed population and weed dry weightwith the highest weed control efficiency (83.5 % in 2015 and 79.8 % in 2016) and the highest number of panicles m^-2 (215.1 in 2015 and 231 in 2016), number of filled grains panicle^-1 (85.39 in 2015 and 115.47 in 2016) and grain yield of rice (3.60 t/ha in 2015 and 5.30 t/ha in 2016). The lowest grain yield (2.20 t/ha in 2015 and 3.40 t/ha in 2016) and the highest weed density were observed in weedy check plots.

4 tables, 21 ref

027291   BORA G C, HAZARIKA G N, TALUKDAR P (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat (Assam), Email: gobin_bora@yahoo.co.in) : AAUOKHYB -1 : An excellent okra hybrid developed by Assam Agricultural University (AAU) suitable for diverse agro-climatic situation of north east India. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 672 - 5.

A hybrid development programme on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was undertaken at the Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Jorhat. The work included collection and evaluation of okra germplasm, identification of parents for hybridization, selfing of identified parental lines, making crosses and production of hybrid seeds, testing of hybrids for yield and resistance to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease, adaptability under diverse agro-climatic condition and testing in all India trials. The programme resulted in development and identification of excellent Okra hybrid AAUOKHYB-1 in 2017. The performance of the hybrid was very good under diverse agro-climatic conditions yielding about 162.0 q/ha fruit yield which is 32.5 % higher than the best commercial check Arka Anamika. The hybrid showed resistant (R) reaction to YVMV disease. A wide range of heterosis upto 43 % was exhibited by the hybrid in different vegetable research centres of the country as compared to the best check variety.

4 tables, 14 ref

027290   ANUJA A, YADAV V K (ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai - 400 061(Maharastra), Email: vinodkumar@cife.edu.in) : Use of different approach in finding catch effort relationship in hook and line fishery in Kombuthurai village of Thoothukudi District of Tamil Nadu. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 648 - 54.

Kombuthurai has been described as a fishing village in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu which has gained immense importance by practicing sustainable fishing practices. In Kombuthurai village during 2009-2013, catch per unit effort (CPUE) has varied from 0.20 tonnes to the maximum of 0.25 tonnes during this period. It is interesting to know that despite the range of effort varying from 1598 hrs to 1720 hrs, the catch remained in the range of 347.4 tonnes to a maximum of 430.8 tonnes. The influence of various variables (latitude, longitude, distance, depth, seasons, years and fishing gear type) on CPUE was studied by General Linear Model (GLM) and Generalized Linear Model (GLMs). Normal distribution with identity link function and a gamma distribution with log link function were used in GLMs. The variables that were found to be significant in both of the models and distributions are year and season. GLM model was good fit with R² ranging from 67.60 % to a high of 91.7 %.The low and high abundance of CPUE were categorized taking the below and above average CPUE. A binary logistic regression model was used between the CPUE abundance and with above mentioned independent variables. The binary logistic regression model explained 75.4 % (Nagelkerke R² ) of the variance in high CPUE abundance and correctly classified 88 % of cases. The independent variable such as latitude, longitude, depth, and distance added significantly to the model, but the year, season and hooks did not add significantly to the model.

5 illus, 10 tables, 7 ref

027289   VERMA A, KUMAR V, KHARAB A S, CHATRATH R, SINGH G P (ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal - 132 001, Email: verma.dwr@gmail.com) : Parametric vis-a-vis non parametric measures describing G x E interactions for salt salinity tolerant barley genotypes in multi-environment trials. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 557 - 63.

GxE interaction to know adaptability of 19 salt salinity tolerant barley genotypes was studied by parametric and non-parametric measures. Genotypes KB1516, RD2907 and RD2794 showed minimum environmental variance over different environments. Superiority index identified genotypes RD2907 and NDB1445 with lowest value accompanied with higher. Wricke’s measure exhibited lower values of DWRB168, DWRB165 and NDB1445. Higher values of GAI showed consistent performance of RD2907, NDB1445 and RD2552. Non-parametric measures S_i⁽¹⁾, S_i⁽³⁾ and S_i⁽⁶⁾ the considered DWRB165 and DWRB168 as desirable genotypes. Thennarasu’s first measure NP_i⁽¹⁾ found DWRB168 and NDB1445 as desirable adaptable and KB1546, RD2907 and NDB1173 were unstable genotypes. Wricke’s parameter was positively correlated with NP_i⁽¹⁾, NP_i⁽³⁾ and Kang. GAI had significant positive with P_i and Kang while negative with S_i⁽⁶⁾, NP_i⁽²⁾ & NP_i⁽⁴⁾. Worth to mention the negative association of P_i with S_i⁽⁶⁾, NP_i⁽²⁾, NP_i⁽⁴⁾. Non parametric measures S_i⁽³⁾ S_i⁽⁶⁾ NP_i⁽²⁾ & NP_i⁽⁴⁾ clubbed together while Kang, W_i² , s² i ,S_i⁽¹⁾,S_i⁽²⁾ ,NPi ⁽¹⁾ & NP_i⁽³⁾ joined in another cluster. Left over parametric measures were grouped in two separate clusters i.e. (b_i, S²_xi ,CV_i), (Yield, GAI Pi) respectively. Biplot analysis based on first two principal components showed three groups among the measures.

2 illus, 6 tables, 21 ref

004939   YADAV N, YADAV S S, YADAV N, YADAV M R, KUMAR R, YADAV L R, YADAV V K, YADAV A (Shri Karan Narendra Coll of Agricultural Univ, Jobner-303 328, Email: raomaluydv@gmail.com) : Sulphur management in groundnut for higher productivity and profitability under Semi-Arid condition of Rajasthan, India. Legume Res 2019, 42(4), 512-7.

The present study was planned to evaluate the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under varying levels of sulphur and its sources under Semi-Arid condition of Rajasthan.  Application of 60 kg S/ha resulted 8.8, 23.8 and 59.6% more pod/plant than 45, 30 and 15 kg S/ha, respectively. Gypsum as a source of S recorded 15.4 and 50.4% higher pods/plant over SSP and elemental sulphur, respectively. However, number of kernels/pod increased significantly upto 45 kg/ha only. Gypsum and SSP improved the kernels/pod by 14.2 and 11.2% over elemental sulphur, respectively. Application of 60 kg S/ha resulted in 140, 345 and 744 kg/ha and 127, 319 and 616 kg/ha higher pod and kernel yield over 45, 30 and 15 kg/ ha, respectively. Sulphur application through gypsum recorded the highest pod yield (1872 kg/ha) of groundnut that was 13.1 and 32.0 percent more than obtained under SSP and elemental sulphur treatment, respectively. Application of sulphur at 75 kg S/ha was recorded highest shelling% (72.13%) which were 7.0 and 10.9 per cent higher over 30 and 15 kg S/ha. The application of S at 45 kg/ha exhibited 7.6 and 17.0% higher protein content over 30 and 15 kg S/ha, respectively. Among sources, the highest protein content (23.75%), oil content (44.49%) and oil yield (597.76 kg/ha) was obtained with gypsum. Application of 60 kg S/ha increased oil yield by magnitude of 70.3, 175.1 and 316.9 kg/ha over 45, 30 and 15 kg S/ha, respectively. Sulphur application at the rate of 60 kg/ha increased the margin to the tune of  6343, 15867, 34062 /ha over 45, 30 and 15 kg S/ha, respectively. Likewise, graded increment in levels of sulphur resulted in significantly higher BCR upto 60 kg/ha over lower levels. The maximum net returns (55358/ha) and BCR (1.68) were obtained with gypsum. 

28 ref

003482   GAO W, HUANG S, HUANG Y, YUE X, YE G (Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou- 350 012, People’s Republic of China) : Effects of tree species on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in a coastal sand dune of southern subtropical China. Vegetos 2019, 32(2), 142–50.

Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles can be affected by different plant traits and stand properties through the influence of nutrients release to soil via mineralization. We investigated the soil C and N stocks under secondary forest and plantations of casuarina, pine, acacia and eucalyptus in a coast sand dune of Fujian province, China. Results show that the soil C and N storages, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) were significantly higher under secondary forest than under plantations. No significant increase was found in soil C and N storages, MBC and DOC under N-fixing trees compared with non-N-fixing trees, but the MBN and DON under acacia were all higher than non-N-fixing trees. No significant difference was found in soil C storage, MBC, MBN, DOC and DON between coniferous and broadleaf plantations. Our findings indicate that the differences in litter quality and quantity, root biomass and turnover rate are the primary cause of soil C and N stocks in coastal sand dunes, and the lack of N fixation ability may be a significant factor influencing soil C and N stocks under N-fixing trees

44 ref

028593   OBEIDAT B S, MAHMOUD K Z, OBEIDAT M D, ATA M, KRIDLI R T, HADDAD S G, TITI H H, JAWASREH K I, ALTAMIMI H J, SUBIH H S, HATAMLEH S M (Animal Production Dep, Jordan Univ, Jordan, Email: bobeidat@just.edu.jo) : The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fluid pH in Awassi female lambs. Vet World 2018, 11(7), 1015-20.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding low (LO)- or high (HI)-fiber diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fluid pH, and serum concentrations of glucose and urea nitrogen in Awassi female lambs in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.  Experimental diets were as follows: (1) LO-fiber diet with no SC supplementation (−LO), (2) LO-fiber diet supplemented with SC (+LO), (3) HI-fiber diet with no SC supplementation (−HI), or (4) HI-fiber diet supplemented with SC (+HI). Eight female lambs were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 15-day experimental periods (10-day adaptation period and 5-day collection period).  A fiber×SC interaction (p≤0.05) was detected for dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake among diets showing greater DM and CP intake for +LO diet compared to +HI group supplemented with SC, whereas −LO and −HI were intermediate. A fiber×SC interaction (p=0.05) was also detected for the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake among diets. Intake of NDF was greater for the –HI diet compared with +LO and –LO diets. Similarly, NDF intake was greater for +HI diet than –LO diet. A tendency (p=0.07) for a fiber×SC interaction was detected for acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake among diets as well. ADF intake tended to be greater for HI-fiber diets. No difference was observed in the rumen fluid pH for lambs fed with the different diets. No fiber×SC interactions were detected for the digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF among dietary treatments. Digestibility of DM was greater (72.9 g/100 g vs. 67.1 g/100 g; p=0.0002) for LO versus HI fiber. However, NDF and ADF digestibilities were greater (60.8 and 61.9 g/100 g vs. 55.8 and 52.7 g/100 g for NDF and ADF digestibility, respectively; p≤0.01) for the HI-fiber than the LO-fiber diets. Results obtained in the current study indicate that SC supplementation has a minimal effect on the performance of Awassi female lambs fed with varying fiber levels.

5 tables, 33 ref

028590   GOMATHI G, SENTHIKUMAR S, NATARAJAN A, AMUTHA R, PURUSHOTHAMAN M R (Animal Nutrition Dep, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Chennai, Email: annsenthil@gmail.com) : Effect of dietary supplementation of cinnamon oil and sodium butyrate on carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chicken. Vet World 2018, 11(7), 959-64.

An in vivo experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of cinnamon oil (CO) and sodium butyrate on carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chicken compared with the antibiotic supplementation. A biological experiment was carried out with 216-day-old Vencobb-400 broiler chicks randomly distributed to six experimental treatments with six replicates, each replicate containing six chicks with equal numbers of male and female chicks. The experimental diets were prepared with isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis. The experimental groups, namely control (T₁), control with antibiotic (T₂), control with CO at 250 mg/kg and coated sodium butyrate (CSB) either at 0.09 (T₃) or 0.18 % (T₄), and control with CO at 500 mg/kg and CSB either at 0.09 (T₅) or 0.18 % (T₆). The trial was carried out in deep litter pen for 35 days. The carcass characteristics such as ready to cooked yield, eviscerated weight, heart, liver, gizzard, giblet, and abdominal fat percent in slaughtered birds and meat quality properties such as pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), tyrosine, shear force, cooking loss, thiobarbituric acid, sensory characteristics, and muscle cholesterol in breast muscle samples were evaluated. The carcass characteristics such as ready-to-cook yield, eviscerated weight, and weight of heart, liver, gizzard, giblet, and abdominal fat as a percent of live body weight were not influenced by supplementation of CO and CSB at the levels attempted or by antibiotic supplementation in broilers. The pH, cooking loss, shear force and WHC of meat, appearance, flavor, texture, mouth coating, juiciness and overall acceptability of meat were not influenced by the supplementation of different levels of CO and CSB or by antibiotic supplementation but decreased meat cholesterol level in broilers. The results indicated that the supplementation of CO and CSB in broiler diet did not alter the carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters except meat cholesterol content in broilers.

2 tables, 36 ref

028594   PUTRI D D, HANDHARYANI E, SOEJOEDONO R D, SETIYONO A, POETRI O N (Animal Husbandry Dep, State Polytechnic of Lampung, Indonesia, Email: desmiyenidwi@gmail.com) : Production and characterization of Newcastle disease antibody as a reagent to develop a rapid immunodiagnostic test tool. Vet World 2018, 11(7), 895-901.

This research was conducted to produce and characterize ND antibody as reagent candidate to develop a rapid immunodiagnostic test tool. Four New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study and divided into two groups. First group was injected by Sato ND antigen, and second group was injected by genotype VII ND antigen. This study is divided into three steps: (a) ND antibody production, (b) ND antibody purification, and (c) ND antibody characterization. First group was rabbit injected by Sato NDV (5×10^8.25 egg lethal doses (ELD)₅₀/ml) and second group was injected by genotype VII NDV (5×10^6.5 ELD₅₀/ml). Antigen induction was performed by subcutaneous administrated for first (day 1) and second (day 14) injection and intravenous administrated for third (day 30) injection. Blood was collected on day 8 after third injection. Antibody production increased on second antigen injection and reached a peak on day 9 after second antigen injection. Sato and genotype VII ND antibody can be produced without adjuvant within 38 days with the highest titer 2¹⁰. Based on antibody titer data, both antigens induced antibody production in a similar trend. The characterization antibody by SDS-PAGE indicated that molecular weight of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is 154.93 kDa (whole IgG), heavy chain 54.39 kDa, and light chain 27.74 kDa. ND antibodies have specificity to homologous and heterologous NDVs in varying virulence. Sato and genotype VII ND antibodies have been successfully produced within 38 days without adjuvant. Specificity of ND antibodies to NDVs in varying virulence and cross-reaction between Sato ND antibody and genotype VII ND antibody indicates that the characterized ND antibodies can be used as a reagent to develop rapid immunodiagnostic test tools.

5 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

028591   JUNIANTO, ZAHIDAH H, EDDY A (Fisheries Dep, Padjadjaran Univ, Indonesia, Email: junianto@unpad.ac.id/anto_lisc@yahoo.com) : The reduction of lead in fish meat from floating net cages in Cirata reservoir by citric acid. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 325-9.

The objective of the research is to reduce the lead content in the meat of carp, tilapia and catfish cultured in floating net cages (FNCA) in Cirata Reservoir by citric acid solution. The experimental method uses two treatments. The first treatment is by citric acid solution at four level concentration of 15, 20, 25 and 30 %. The second treatment is the arrangement of the duration period of the soaking process at five condition of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. Each combination of the treatments is repeated twice. The observation has been done to determine the lead content of fish meat using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). The lead content data is analyzed descriptively and compared to the standard. The results indicate that the lead content in carp meat is under the allowed standard when treated with 15 % citric acid and 150 minutes soaking time. The initial concentration of lead in the carp meat is 3.152 ppm. The lead content in the tilapia meat is under the allowed standard when treated with 25 % citric acid and 150 minutes of soaking time. The initial concentration of lead in the tilapia meat is 3.878 ppm. The lead content in the catfish meat is below the permissible quality standard at the treatment of 25 % concentration of citric acid with the duration of soaking time of 120 minutes. The initial content of lead in the catfish meat is 3.911 ppm.

3 tables, 16 ref

028587   AYI Y, YUNI A, TITIN H, BOEDI R, YULI A (Padjadjaran Univ, Indonesia, Email: yuliyusep@yahoo.com) : The implementation of natural pigments of pumpkin meal to enhance the color quality of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio). Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 313-8.

Skin color is one of the quality indicators in ornamental fish, especially in koi fish. The objective of research is to determine the exact amount of pumpkin meal as a source of carotenoids in artificial feed and its effect on the color quality of koi fish. This research used koi fish strain kohaku seeds size 7-9 cm, carried out in Main Center for Freshwater Aquaculture Development (BBPBAT) Sukabumi. The method implemented was experimental method using Complete Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments were on 10, 20 and 30% pumpkin meal and control (without pumpkin extract), respectively. Parameters measured were the color brightness and survival rate. Observation of the color brightness was done visually with the approach to color on Toca Color Finder. The color brightness data was analyzed descriptively and chroma score was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test to see if there was any difference between the treatments followed by Z test at 5 %. Survival rate was analyzed by the F-test and the difference between treatments followed by Duncan's multiple-range test at 5 %. The results showed that the addition of 20 % pumpkin meal gave the best color brightness with color index TC 0906 as much as 75 % with chroma scores 50.525. The addition of pumpkin meal in diet has no effect on the survival rate.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

028585   ANDRIANI Y, RATU S, SHAIYANNE F (Aquaculture Dep, Padjadjaran Univ, Indonesia, Email: yuli.andriani@unpad.ac.id) : Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931) performance with Bacillus and Lactobacillus probiotic formulation consortium in dry preparation. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 307-12.

The use of probiotics in shrimp farming is one of the efforts to control diseases, to improve immune responses, to improve water quality and to contribute to host nutritional and enzymatic digestion. Probiotic preparations in the feed will be more effective when they are encapsulated in a dry preparation due to its longer durability and efficient storage. This study aims to determine the effect of dried probiotic preparation provision of Bacillus and Lactobacillus consortium in skim milk carrier material on vannamei shrimp performance. This is a descriptive experimental study through the application of four different formulations of dried probiotic preparations in vanamei shrimp fish feed. The bacterium used is the Bacillus group consisted of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus group consisting of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus curvatus. Tests were carried out on shrimp larvae vannamei PL12 size for two weeks with a stocking density of 20 individuals/L. The probiotic treatment was performed by mixing the commercial diets with encapsulated probiotic with a ratio of 2g/kg of commercial feed. Feed was added with ad-libitum, three times a day. Parameters tested were Daily Growth Rate (DGR), survival and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The results showed that administration of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus curvatus probiotic consortium presented the highest daily growth rate of 0.16 %. The survival of shrimp larvae with Lactobacillus probiotic consortium reached 92.5 % and the feed conversion value (FCR) of Vannamei shrimp larvae was 1.46.

3 illus, 21 ref

028596   SUSANTO A, LUCIANA D, APRIANTI S R (Plant Pests and Diseases Dep, Padjadjaran Univ, Indonesia, Email: asusanto@unpad.ac.id) : Addition of mango essence to methyl eugenol more attracted to Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mango plantation in Majalengka, West Java. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 274-9.

Addition of mango essence on methyl eugenol was evaluated for its effect on the performance of methyl eugenol in attracting B. dorsalis complex species using plastic bottle traps on mango plantation in Majalengka, West Java from September to December 2016. Various concentrations of mango essence were added to 0.2 mL methyl eugenol as treatments. The results showed that the addition of mango essence on methyl eugenol increased the number of fruit flies trapped. The effective combination was 0.2 mL methyl eugenol + 0.8 mL mango essence. This combination attracted more wild fruit flies than other combinations. Based on identification, species of fruit flies trapped were B. dorsalis, B. carambolae-B. umbrosa. This study indicated that the aroma of mango essence increases the use of methyl eugenol in monitoring or reducing B. dorsalis complex population on mango plantation.

7 tables, 27 ref

028586   ASTUTI K R P, WIDAYANI NENENG S, DANAR D, YUSUP H, TOTO S, SRI H, RANI M (Plant Pests and Diseases Dep, Padjadjaran Univ, Indonesia, Email: danar.dono@unpad.ac.id) : Toxicity of seed oil of Azadirachta indica, Calophyllum inophyllum and their mixture against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 267-73.

Crocidolomia pavonana is one of the problems encountered in the cultivation of cabbage. This insect causes significant yield losses. Therefore, it is necessary to have control actions such as by using a bioinsecticide. Azadirachta indica and Calophyllum inophyllum are known to have chemical compounds that have potency to be developed as bioinsecticides. The reserch aimed to determine insecticidal toxicity of A. indica and C. inophyllum seed oil and their mixture to C. pavonana. The treatments tested were control, A. indica (v), C. inophyllum (v), A. indica: C. inophyllum (1:1) v/v, A. indica : C. inophyllum (1:2) v/v, A. indica : C. inophyllum (2:1) v/v, A. indica : C. inophyllum(1:3) v/v and A. indica : C. inophyllum(3:1) v/v. Each treatment was tested at concentrations of 0.05 % (v/v) and 0.1 % (v/v). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Toxicity testing was performed using a leaf-residual feeding method on the instar II-IV of C. pavonana larvae. The results of the research showed that the most toxic was A.indica seed oil and then mixture of A. indica and C. innophillum seed oil at the ratio of 3 : 1. Besides having toxic effect, A. indica seed oil has the highest growth inhibitory activity, reduced food consumption and weight of C. pavonana larvae compared with the C.inophyllum seed oil and the mixture of both seed oils.

2 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

028597   ZAHIDAH H, RAJIBBUSALAM, INE M, YULI A (Padjadjaran Univ, Indonesia, Email: ibuzah@gmail.com) : Novel mechanical filter for reducing ammonia concentration of silver barb culture in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 319-24.

This study aims to reduce the concentration of ammonia in the silver barb culture in recirculation system by adding a mechanical filter. This research was conducted on January to February 2014 at hatchery of Freshwater Aquaculture Production Development Centre (BPPBAT) Singaparna, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The study was designed experimentally with two treatments i.e. treatment without filter and filtering treatment. The experiment was carried out for 24 days and observed every two days. The results showed that the addition of filter can reduce total ammonia up to 92.82 %, unionized ammonia up to 89.12 % and it is able to increase dissolved oxygen up to 54.23 % and silver barb survival rate equal to 99.87 %.

4 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

029737   CLAUNDE B K J, MOIS L M N, CHRISTELLE B (de Lubumbashi 1825 Lubumbashi Kinshasa Univ, Haut-Katanga, Email: drbinemofils@gmail.com) : Impact of the blacksmithing on the foot of the horse (case of the Lubumbashi Horse Club). J Appl Biosci 2018, 129, 13061 -66.

The value of the horse depends on the state of its limbs and especially on its feet. The blacksmithing, represented by the shoeing and trimming, is the most common way to maintain its feet. This study describes the symptoms, lesions and anomalies due to the blacksmithing observed in the horses of the Lubumbashi Equestrian Circle (CHL) before proposing certain technical and scientific details.

3 tables, 14 ref

029894   WASSO D S, AKILIMALI J I, PATRICK B, BAJOPE J B (De productions animales Dep, Évangélique en Afrique Univ, Bukavu, Congo, Email: wasso.dieudo@gmail.com) : Current situation, challenges and socio-economic impact on the population of Walungu territory, Democratic Republic of Congo. J Appl Biosci 2018, 129, 13050 -60.

A study of the current situation and socioeconomic impact of goat farming was carried out in Walungu territory. The aim was to give an overview of the situation of goat farming in the area and to collect the perceptions of breeders about the impact of this breeding on their socio-economic life. The study was conducted through a survey of 120 goat breeders. It was found that food (46.67 %), diseases (35.83 %) and access to land (11.67 %) are the major constraints to the development of goat farming in Walungu. Piète (38.33 %), Peste des Petits Ruminants (35 %), and foot-and-mouth disease (26.67 %) are the most common goat diseases in the environment. The average size of goats per farm increased from 2015 (4.2 ± 3.02) to 2017 (6.26 ± 3.49), however 46 % of farmers reported decreases in goat numbers due to disease (30 %), sales (47.5 %), donation (41.7 %), poor nutrition (15 %), and theft (5.8 %). Despite the difficulties they experience, this breeding allows the breeders to meet their needs of schooling of children (43.43 %), health care (25.83 %), fertilization of the fields (10 %), field rental (9.33 %) and family nourishment (3.9 %). The situation of goat farming is precarious in Walungu given the multiple challenges that pastoralists face. Improving the living conditions of animals, including food, housing and health care, would directly contribute to the increase in goat production and indirectly to the well-being of pastoralists.

8 tables, 18 ref

029809   MORADI Z, MEHRVAR M, NAZIFI E (Plant Pathology Dep, Ferdowsi Univ, Mashhad, Iran, Email: mehrvar@um.ac.ir) : Genetic diversity and biological characterization of sugarcane streak mosaic virus isolates from Iran. Virusdisease 2018, 29(3), 316–23.

Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV; genus Poacevirus, family Potyviridae) is a major causal agent of sugarcane mosaic disease in Asia. A survey of SCSMV was conducted in cultivated fields in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Sixty-five sugarcane leaf samples showing mosaic symptoms were collected and investigated by RT-PCR. Almost one-fourth of the samples were found to be infected by SCSMV. To verify molecular variability, 12 SCSMV isolates were sequenced and analyzed by comparing partial NIb–CP gene sequences. The nucleotide identity among Iranian isolates was 83.1–99.8 %, indicating high nucleotide variability, while amino acid identity was 95.2–100 %, which suggesting selection for amino acid conservation. They shared nucleotide identities of 76.2–99.1 % with those of other SCSMV isolates available in GenBank, the highest with isolates from Pakistan (PAK), India (IND671) and China (M117, KT257289). Further analysis was conducted based on complete CI coding region to gain more insight into the phylogenetic relationships of Iranian SCSMV compared to those from other Asian countries. Iranian isolates shared identities of 79.8–89.0 % (nucleotide) and 94.8–98.6 % (amino acid) with those from other geographical regions in the CI gene. The highest nucleotide identity of Iranian isolates was with isolates PAK (Pakistan), M121 (JQ975096, China) and IND671 (India), respectively. The phylogenetic trees (based on CI and NIb–CP) revealed the segregation of SCSMV isolates into two major divergent evolutionary lineages that reflect geographical origin of the isolates (with minor exception). Phylogenetic analyses grouped Iranian SCSMV isolates together with isolates from Pakistan, India and just one Chinese isolate in group II. Biological results showed that Iranian SCSMV isolates infect sugarcane, sorghum, maize and some wild grasses, causing mosaic symptoms on the leaves.

2 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

029729   BISWAS K K, PALCHOUDHURY S, SHARMA S K, SAHA B, GODARA S, GHOSH D K, KEREMANE M L (Plant Pathology Dep, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, Email: drkkbiswas@yahoo.co.in) : Analyses of 3' half genome of citrus tristeza virus reveal existence of distinct virus genotypes in citrus growing regions of India. Virusdisease 2018, 29(3), 308–15.

Citrus tristezavirus (CTV, genus Closterovirus) is one of the most serious pathogens responsible for huge loss of citrus trees worldwide. Four Indian CTV isolates, Kat1 (C. reticulata/Central India), D1 (C. sinensis/North India), B5 (Citrus limettoides/South India) and G28 (C. lemon/Northeast India) collected from different regions of India were characterized based on sequencing of 30 half genome (* 8.4 kb) comprising 10 open reading frames (ORFs2-11) and 30 UTR and the sequences were submitted to NCBI database as Acc. No KJ914662, HQ912022, HQ912023 and KJ914661, respectively. The present and previously reported Indian isolates Kpg3 and B165 were analyzed and compared with other Asian and international CTV isolates. The Indian CTV isolates had 92–99 % nt identities among them. The phylogenetic analysis generated overall ten genogroups/lineages. Of them, all the Asian isolates fell into seven genogroups, whereas the Indian isolates into four. Indian isolates Kat1, D1 and Kpg3 grouped together, termed ‘‘Kpg3Gr’’, along with Florida severe isolate T3. The Indian isolates B5, and G28 were found to be two distinct and separate lineages, indicating that these isolates are two new CTV entities. Based on phylogenetic analysis, Kpg3Gr was identified as ‘‘Indian VT’’ subtype which is distinct from the Asian and the Western VT subtype within diversified VT genotype. The recombination detecting-program, RDP4 detected Indian isolates Kat1, B5, B165 and G28 as recombinants, where G28 as strong recombinant. The present study determined the occurrence of at least four CTV genotypes, B5 (distinct), B165 (T68 type) G28 (distinct) and Kpg3Gr in citrus growing regions of India.

2 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

029804   MODI J S, TANDEL M B, PRAJAPATI V M, AHIR B R (Silviculture and Agroforestry Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari, Gujarat) : Morphological variations in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) clones. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 273-6.

The investigation on “Morphological variations in Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) clones” was carried out at Rajpipla Silviculture Forest Division, Rajpipla, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat). The experiment comprised of 15 clones viz., C1-Bandhpada (North Dangs), C2-Chikhli (South Dangs), C3-Nilambo (Dungarda), C4-African (Dungarda), C5-Satkhasi (Vyara), C6-Khalta (Bariya), C7-Achhala (Godhra), C8-Kevadi (Chotaudepur), C9-Raighadh (Sabarkantha North), C10-Danta (Banaskantha), C11-Vanaj (South Sabarkantha), C12-Dankiwadu (Gir West), C13- Bhavnath (Junagadh), C14-Develvel (Gir East) and C15-Khatam (Rajpipla East). This experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising of fifteen clones and three replications. Significantly maximum plant height, diameter at breast height and 100 seed weight was noted in clone C7 - Achhala (Godhra); leaf length in the clone C8 - Kevadi (Chotaudepur); leaf width in the clone C13 - Bhavnath (Junagadh); leaf area in the clone C14 - Develvel (Gir East); petiole length in the clone C15 - Khatam (Rajpipla East) and seed yield per plant C13 - Bhavnath (Junagadh). The genotypic correlation coefficients were in general, higher than the corresponding phenotypic and environmental indicating strong inherent association between the characters. Seed yield had highly significant positive correlation with leaf width (rg= 0.3315). Whereas, seed yield had highly significant negative correlation with petiole length (rg= -0.4024) and diameter at breast height (rg= -0.3078). The rest of the traits showed nonsignificant positive or negative correlation. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the direct effect of diameter at breast height and petiole length on seed yield was of very high magnitude followed by leaf width.

5 tables, 15 ref

029798   MARKAD H N, MAGAR S J, GODASE N N, NAVALE M D (Plant Pathology Dep, Agriculture Coll, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Distribution of Sesamum phyllody infected by phytoplasma in Latur district (Maharashtra). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 269-72.

Sesamum or Til (Sesamum indicum L.) is belong to family Pedaliaceae. Sesamum is one of the oldest oilseed crop grown all over the world. Among the various states in India sesamum phyllody much prevalent in Maharashtra state especially Marathwada region. Present investigation carried out in Kharif season during the year 2017 for studying symptoms on farmers field and distribution of sesamum phyllody in Latur district. The incidence of sesamum phyllody in Latur district ranged from 22.60 per cent to 31.20 per cent. Phyllody infected plant produce various types of symptoms mainly flowers converted into leaf like structure, floral virescence, floral proliferation, witches broom, shoot apex fasciations, stunting growth of infected plants, sepal and petals converted into leaf like structure are the most common symptoms are observed on farmers field.

2 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

029721   ARUNKUMAR, DHANOJI M M, MEENA M K (Crop Physiology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur, Karnataka) : Phenology and productive performance of pigeon pea as influenced by date of sowing. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 266-8.

A field experiment was conducted to study the physiological basis of variation in productivity of pigeon pea in relation to date of sowing at College of Agriculture, Raichur during kharif 2013-14. Significantly higher mean seed yield was recorded with early sown crop 10th July (2052.40 kg ha^-1) over the late sown crop 1st (1290.01 kg ha^-1) and 20th August (894.70 kg ha^-1) and was mainly attributed more days to attain phenological stages viz., First branching (23.86 days), flower bud initiation (84.68 days), flower initiation (112.11 days), pod initiation (131.54 days), 50 per cent podding (150.88 days) and physiological maturity (165.87 days) coupled with longer duration of phenological phases viz, first branching to flower bud initiation (61.89 days), flower bud initiation to flower bud initiation (28.56 days), flower initiation to pod initiation (19.59 days), pod initiation to 50 percent podding stage (19.43 days) and 50 per cent podding to physiological maturity (17.32 days). Among the genotypes studied, Cv. Asha recorded significantly higher seed yield (2117.33 kg ha^-1) and the increased yield might be due to longer phenological phases coupled with more days to attain phenological stages as compare to all other genotypes

2 tables, 10 ref

029722   ARUNKUMAR, DHANOJI M, PATIL J R (Crop Physiology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur, Karnataka) : Effects of date of sowing on source sink relation in pigeonpea. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 263-5.

A field trial was laid out in split plot design with tree replications and three dates of sowing as a main plot viz., 10th July, 1st and 20th August and four genotypes as a subplot viz., BSMR-736, TS-3R, Asha and Maruti. The crop sown on 10th July recorded 62 and 69 per cent higher seed yield over crop sown on 1st and 20th August, respectively. The higher mean yield of 10 th July early sown crop may be ascribed to improved sink capacity and was evident from increased pod number, pod weight, 100 seed weight, seeds per pod, flower production, peduncles and harvest index. The higher sink capacity of early sown crop can be traced back to higher mean value of source parameters viz, Leaf area, Leaf are duration, Total dry matter, leaf dry matter, and chlorophyll content which are pre requisite for better productivity of the crop. Interestingly, early sown crop (10th July) also recorded not only significantly higher flower production, but also higher pod drop, flower drop and higher leaf drop over late sown crop. Among the genotypes studied, cv. Asha recorded, 11.25, 22.85 and 15.62 per cent more seed yield over BSMR-736, TS-3R and Maruti, respectively.

2 tables, 9 ref

029814   NAVEENAA M, AMAREGOUDA A, MEENA M K, SUMA T C, KUCHANUR P H (Crop Physiology Dep, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka) : Influence of foliar nutrition at different growth stages on physiological and biochemical parameters of maize (Zea mays L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 256-62.

A field experiment was carried out at Agriculture College Farm, Raichur during kharif -2017 to study the influence of foliar nutrition at different growth stages on physiological & biochemical parameters and yield of maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with thirteen treatments including the control. The treatments were foliar nutrition of NPK (19:19:19) at 1 per cent, H₃BO₃ at 0.1 per cent and ZnSO₄ at 0.5 per cent along with recommended dose of fertilizer sprayed at different growth stages (V5, V6, V11 and V12). Among the different treatments, foliar application of ZnSO₄ (0.5 %) at V6 stage revealed a significant effect on physiological parameters such as photosynthesis rate and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, reducing and non- reducing sugar content in leaves ultimately leading to increasing in yield. Physiological and biochemical parameters except transpiration rate were increased when foliar nutrition was given at early stages (V5 and V6 stage) than late stage (V11 and V12 stage) of leaf growth. It was concluded from the results that foliar nutrition during 25 to 30 days after sowing could increase maize productivity significantly by increasing physiological and biochemical activity.

4 illus, 8 tables, 26 ref

029815   NAVEENAA M, AMAREGOUDA A, MEENA MK, SUMA TC, KUCHANUR PH (Crop Physiology Dep, UAS, Karnataka) : Influence of foliar nutrition at different vegetative stages on growth and yield performance of maize (Zea mays L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 249-55.

Maize being a C4 crop is a high nutrient demanding crop. Application of nutrients through foliar along with recommended dose of fertilizers at the optimum growth stage could be a viable option to fulfill the crop nutrient requirement and increase the yield. Hence, field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of foliar nutrition at different vegetative stages on growth and productivity of maize during kharif 2017 at Agricultural college farm, Raichur. Foliar nutrition of NPK (19:19:19) at 1 per cent, H₃BO₃ at 0.1 per cent and ZnSO₄ at 0.5 per cent along with recommended dose of fertilizer sprayed at different growth stages (V5, V6, V11 and V12) were evaluated in randomized complete block design. Results showed that foliar application of ZnSO₄ (0.5 %) at early vegetative stages (V5 and V6) significantly enhanced all plant growth, physiological, yield and phenological traits of maize compared to foliar nutrition at late vegetative stages (V11 and V12) and control. Statistically maximum grain yield was obtained with foliar spray of ZnSO₄ at V6 stage. These results suggested that foliar application of ZnSO₄ (0.5 %) at early vegetative stages can improve the performance of maize.

2 illus, 5 tables, 32 ref

029750   HANDA A, SHARMA A (Dr. YS Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh) : Incidence of major virus diseases of strawberry in north western Himalayan region of India. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 245-8.

Strawberries are unique with highly desirable taste and flavour and are also an excellent source of vitamins, potassium, fiber and sugars. Field surveys were conducted to record the incidence of strawberry viruses in Shimla and Solan districts of Himachal Pradesh during 2017-18. Around 77 entries were surveyed from Shimla and Solan districts. Results revealed that the incidence of virus diseases ranged between 6.00 percent to 34.32 percent in strawberry germplasm. The characteristic symptoms observed were puckering, necrotic rings, ring spots, marginal necrosis, reddening of leaves, oak leaf pattern, leaf deformation and small sized misshapen fruits.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

029872   SOUMYA B, SAVITHA B, RAO I S (PJTSAU, Telangana) : Extent of adoption of agro advisories disseminated through Annapurna Krishi Prasar Seva in Telangana state. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 242-4.

The increasing penetration of ICT’S in agriculture scenario makes an opportunity to disseminate the useful information more widely among the farming community. These ICT’s are helping to meet the information needs of farmer. The present study was conducted with 120 farmers who got registered under Annapurna Krishi Prasar Seva (AKPS) in two districts i.e. Nalgonda and Khammam Districts of Telangana State, India. The farmers were selected by random sampling method. The study used ex-post facto research design. The results indicated that 36.66 per cent of the respondents were grouped under medium category of adoption followed by high (34.17 %) and low (29.17 %) categories of extent of adoption of agro advisories disseminated through AKPS in rice crop. The relationship between profile and extent of adoption revealed that, higher the education, total annual income, farming experience, socio political participation, information acquisition behavior, use of ICT tool, innovativeness and access to KVK, the higher was the extent of adoption.

3 tables, 6 ref

029819   OBAIAH M C, PULLAMRAJU K, REDDY D K (Krishi Vignana Kendram, ANGRAU Nellore, Andhra Pradesh) : Impact assessment of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nellore on income generation of rural youth through training programs. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 217-9.

The term “Youth” refers to people who are aged between 15 and 24 years, and according to World Bank. The term “youth” in general refers to those who are between the ages of 15-25. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is an innovative science based institution which conduct on farm testing for technology assessment and refinement, undertakes vocational training of farmers farm women and rural youths and front-line demonstrations to demonstrate the latest technologies to the farmers as well as extension workers in India. The study conducted in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state to measure the impact of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) on income generation of rural youth. The study was conducted with 120 respondents randomly selected in six villages of Nellore district. The findings revealed that, rural youth were of middle age, education status, illiterate, belongs to OBC, medium social participation, small land holding, low annual income, low mass media exposure. The income generation of rural youth was medium.

3 tables, 5 ref

029860   SINGH A, SINGH S K, SRIVASTAVA A (Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural Univ, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Development of salinity tolerance in wheat. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 205-8.

Wheat is the major food source of approximately half of the world population. We have seen enormous growth in population and stagnancy in wheat production in the past decade. Salinity is causing big stress to the plants and hampers healthy growth thus reducing the production. High salt concentration present in the soil causes injury to the internal organs of the plant and affecting its physiology. The present review discusses the role, mechanism, method of producing improved cultivars through molecular breeding and transgenics.

4 tables, 30 ref

029777   KUMAR P, MISHRA O P (Extension Education Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Communication behaviour of tribal vegetable growers in Ranchi district of Jharkhand state. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 196-201.

The study was conducted with tribal vegetable growers in Ranchi district of Jharkhand state, selected purposively. Two blocks namely Kanke and Mandar were selected randomly. Five villages were selected randomly from each block. 180 respondents were selected through proportionate random sampling technique. For collection of data, a structured schedule was developed. The respondents were contacted personally for data collection. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation were used for analysis of data and inferences were drawn. The majority of tribal vegetable growers were found having medium level of communication behavior (52.80 %).communication behavior of tribal farmers was greatly influenced by information sources with respect to vegetable growing and marketing. They need to be empowered to utilize their potential with proper mass media and training support; regular technical advice or training on improved technique can help to enhance their production thereby enhancing their income.

7 tables, 14 ref

029793   LAVANIA P, SINGH R P, TIWARI A, SHARMA H K (Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agricultural Univ, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Studies on seed maturity indices of Acacia nilotica in Uttar Pradesh. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 192-5.

An investigation was carried out to determine the exact maturity stage for seed collection of Acacia nilotica at three locations of Uttar Pradesh i.e. Agra (S₁), Mathura (S₂) and Hathrus (S₃). Among the different collection dates, 2nd week of June (5th collection) across the sites was found best as it resulted maximum germination (85.2 + 0.46 % at S₁, 86.7+0.94 % at S₂ and 86.2 + 0.45 % at S₃). The results also revealed that moisture content decreased with advancement of maturity. At maturity, moisture content came down from 42.2 + 0.66 to 21.4 + 0.31 % at Agra, 41.8 + 0.22 to 22.4 + 0.26 % at Mathura and 43.5 + 0.34 to 23.9 + 0.23 % at Hathrus. At this stage, the colour of pod and seed was yellowish white and brownish black, respectively. Present study revealed that pods of Acacia nilotica may be harvested during 2nd week of June to get maximum germination in Uttar Pradesh.

2 tables, 20 ref

029788   KUMARI M, DUBEY A K, RAO S G, SOLANKEY S S (Vegetable Science Dep, Chandra Shekhar Azad Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Uttar Pradesh) : Screening of diverse okra genotypes for yellow vein mosaic virus tolerance under field condition. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 176-9.

The present study was undertaken on thirty two okra genotypes along with two checks for screening against okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) in open field condition in rainy season. Viruses play major constraints to okra production as it is susceptible to at least 19 plant viruses, among these viruses, yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) causes significant losses in the okra production causing yellow vein mosaic disease. The disease pressure of OYVMV was high in rainy season crop because of high humidity and rainfall along with more multiplication of whiteflies. Infection of 100 % plants in a field is very usual and yield losses range from 50 to 94 %, depending on stage of crop growth at which infection occurs and its vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.). These genotypes were screened and evaluated in open field conditions in rainy season of 2017. Of the 32 genotypes none of the test genotypes showed immunity against OYVMV disease incidence and white fly population. Response of these genotypes towards OYVMV disease shows variability on the basis of their comparisons to each other. The genotype (IIVR-11) was found highly resistant and Kashi Kranti, 135-10-1, EC-169459 were found resistant. Seven genotypes exhibited moderately resistant reaction against YVMV while nine genotypes showed moderately susceptible, however only two genotypes IC-69304 and IC-282240 show susceptible and genotype Pusa Sawani exhibited highly susceptible to YVMV.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

029850   SAWALE K R, DESHPANDE H W, KULKARNI D B (Food Microbiology and Safety Dep, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Study of physico-chemical characteristics of bael (Aegle marmelos) fruit. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 173-5.

Bael (Aegle marmelos) is an important indigenous fruit of India, drought resistance and hardy fruit plant of semi-arid and arid region belongs to Rutaceae family of citrus fruit. The focus on plant research has increase all over the world and large body of evidence has collected to show great potential of medicinal plant used in various systems from several years ago. The present investigation was undertaken to find out physico-chemical characteristics of Bael fruit. The result show that the physical and chemical properties of Bale (Aegle marmelos) fruit which is hard and tough outer covering shell. Fruit size in terms of length and diameter, shape and number of seeds per fruit did not change significantly. Fruit weight varies between green and ripe fruit. The nutritional value of Bael fruit was assessed using chemical method. Chemical analysis indicates increase of moisture content 62.04 % observed at matured stage. Titratable acidity, pH and crude fibre 0.43 %, 4.2 %, 4.07 % respectively were found. While TSS, moisture, fat, ascorbic acid, reducing and total sugar increased during ripening. Total soluble solids increase significantly from matured stage (8.3⁰ Bx) to ripened stage (18⁰ Bx). The objectives of the present study were to study the physicochemical properties of Bael fruit.

2 tables, 7 ref

029734   CHAURASIA S, MAZHAR SH (Agricultural Extension and Communication Dep, Naini Agriculture Institute, Mirakhpur Kachhar, Uttar Pradesh) : Impact of KVK training programme on adoption of mustard production practices in Allahabad district of Uttar Pradesh. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 169-72.

The study was conducted purposively among 60 trainees and 60 non- trainees spread in 8 purposively selected villages undertaken from three blocks i.e. Chaka, Jasra and Kaundhiara blocks under the domain of KVK Allahabad district, Uttar Pradesh. Two variables taken namely, respondents’ socio-economic status, and their extent of adoption about mustard production practices. Data were collected by using pretested personal interview method. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted with the help of appropriate statistical tools. Findings of the study showed that majority of trainees have medium extent of adoption about improved mustard production practices. However, in case of non- trainees were found to have low extent of adoption. Age, education, land holdings, social participation, extension participation, information source, mass media exposure, innovativeness, scientific and risk orientation were found to be positively and significantly associated with extent of adoption. The study revealed considerable difference between trainees and non-trainees.

4 tables, 6 ref

029871   SOUJANYA P, KULKARNI B S, KUMAR R, MUNIKRISHNAPPA P M, SHIVAPRIYA M, HARSHAVARDHAN M (Horticulture Coll, Karnataka) : Evaluation of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) varieties for growth, yield and quality under eastern dry zone of Karnataka. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 165-8.

A field experiment to evaluate twenty five Hybrid Tea rose varieties was conducted at an experimental field of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Bengaluru from October 2017 to March 2018. Results revealed that there was significant variations among the varieties for growth, flowering and yield characters. Among the varieties, maximum plant height (118.50 cm) was recorded in var. Claire Chazal. The maximum stem girth, chlorophyll content and individual leaf area were recorded in var. Claire Chazal (10.60 mm, 58.90 SPAD value and 25.07 cm², respectively). Among the varieties, var. Chantre took least number of days for bud initiation, days from bud initiation to tight bud stage and days from bud initiation to full bloom stage (36.00, 13.20 and 15.00 days, respectively). Maximum number of cut flowers per plant and per m² (20.00 and 83.00, respectively) were recorded in var. Cherry Parfait. Maximum stalk length (55.40 cm) was obtained in var. Claire Chazal. Among the varieties, the maximum vase life (11.50 days,) was recorded in var. Eterna.

2 tables, 19 ref

029775   KUMAR N K, KUMAR J H, JYOSHNA E, REDDY P R (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Telangana) : Impact of eucalyptus cultivation practices on sustainable income of farmers in Khammam district of Telangana state. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 161-4.

The present paper highlights the cost economics in eucalyptus cultivation, reasons for farmers going for eucalyptus cultivation, profile cheretiristics of farmers. Ex post facto research design was adopted for study, total one twenty (120) farmers were selected for study of Impact of eucalyptus cultivation.

12 tables, 7 ref

029817   NIVETHA C, JANAHIRAMAN V (Nadu Agricultural Univ, Tamil Nadu) : Rainfall analysis and suggested cropping system for Usilampatti taluk of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 157-60.

The rainfall data for the years (2013-2017) pertaining to Usilampatti Taluk of Madurai District were analysed for annual, seasonal, monthly and weekly (696.5 mm) periods. The existing cropping system and water requirement is also analyzed and discussed. Based on the rainfall pattern (annual, seasonal, monthly and weekly), to suggest the modified cropping system and to instruct the effective utilization of land, moisture and nutrients and also to raise the income of dry land farmers and save water scarcity.

2 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

029790   KUSHWAHA S, SINGH K K, KUSHWAHA R R (Agricultural Economics Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh) : Okra: A study on cost and profitability analysis in Deoria district of Uttar Pradesh. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 153-6.

The study was undertaken to assess the cost and profitability measures of the okra growers in Deoria district of Uttar Pradesh. Overall average size of holding of the farmers was estimated 1.34 ha. Only marginal, small and medium farmers were found in the study area with average size of land holding of 0.45 ha, 1.46 ha and 2.94 ha, respectively. The study exhibited that cost of cultivation and gross return were more on medium farms i.e. Rs. 82344.92 and Rs. 190905.00 as compared to small Rs. 75917.95 and Rs. 182325.00 and marginal farms Rs. 70274.92 and Rs. 178035.00. While net income and cost-benefit ratio were more on marginal farms i.e. Rs. 100732.59 and 1:2.30 in comparison with small farms Rs. 98815.26 and 1:2.18 and medium farms Rs. 100325.59 and 1:2.11. The result of the study revealed that the okra cultivation was more profitable to marginal farms. Okra cultivation revealed that this crop is suitable for doubling the income of the farmers of the study area.

3 tables, 9 ref

029846   SANKAR A, SEN A, SINGH R P (Agronomy Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of nutrient management on the yield and yield attributes of rainfed mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 149-52.

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during the rabi season of 2013-14 to study the effect of nutrient management on the yield and yield attributing characters of rainfed mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The experiment consisted of ten different treatment combinations of basal dose of fertilizers and foliar spray of 2 % urea and 2 % Multiplex. The study revealed that among various treatments the application of 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer (40 kg N, 20 kg P₂O₅, 20 kg K₂O and 20 kg S ha^-1) along with foliar spray of 2 % urea + Multiplex was most effective in producing higher yield (765 kg ha^-1) and this was followed by 100 % RDF + 2 % Multiplex foliar spray alone (739 kg ha^-1). Seed yield exhibited a significant positive correlation with siliqua plant^-1 (r = 0.933**), siliqua length (r = 0.902**), seeds siliqua ^-1 (r = 0.717*) and 1000 seed weight (r = 0.901**). The regression analysis between siliqua / plant and seed yield was found to be linear in nature with an R² value of 0.871 meaning 87.1 % total variation in yield could be explained by the linear function of siliqua plant^-1. Thus, 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer (40 kg N, 20 kg P₂O₅, 20 kg K₂O and 20 kg S ha^-1) along with foliar spray of 2 % urea + 2 % Multiplex can be recommended to farmers for growing mustard in rainfed areas of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

029829   PRAJAPATI M R, DAVE P H (Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand, Gujarat) : Therapeutic and nutritional importance of garden cress seed. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 140-3.

Garden cress seed has been used in curing many health related complications by our ancients. It has been used in the treatment of many health problems such as hypertension, kidney diseases, prevention of cancer and mild glycemia. Garden cress seed are widely used to heal fractures and to increase milk secretion during lactation. Garden cress seed also possesses wide range of antioxidant. Fatty acids of Garden cress seed oil helps in preventing coronary heart diseases.

5 tables, 34 ref

029823   PANDEY V V, VERMA S, GUPTA N, VARSHNEY V K, PANDEY A (Forest Protection Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Screening of different Fusarium species for bioassay of lovastatin. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 127-39.

The aim of this research is to Bioassay of lovastatin from Fusarium spp. obtained from NTCC, Forest Pathology Discipline, Forest Protection Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India. Lovstatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A- reducatase (HMG-CoA reducatse) enzyme and a competitive inhibitor of the biosynthesis of cholesterol. In the present study, six different fungal species viz., Fusarium oxysporum (NTCC 367), F. moniliforme (NTCC 390), F. avenaceum (NTCC 1056), Fusarium equiseti (NTCC 1142), Fusarium solani (NTCC 1145) and Fusarium semitectum (NTCC 1150) were screened for lovastatin production in liquid and solid growth media. The lovastatin extraction from the fungal colonies was done by centrifugation and filtration method. Different techniques viz., paper disc and well preparation were employed to compare their relative sensitivity and efficacy. All the Fusarium spp. shows positive result for lovastatin bioassay. According to results it was concluded that in comparison to the liquid medium (Potato Dextrose Broth), the solid medium (Potato Dextrose Agar) was more able to produce lovastatin.

8 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

029749   HADAVANI JANAKI K, MEHTA D R, KANANI D K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh, Gujarat) : Discriminate function analysis in Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 119-21.

Fifty diverse genotypes of Indian bean were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with three replications to the study of selection indices during late kharif 2016-17. Sixty-three selection indices were constructed using the discriminant function technique revealed that the efficiency of selection increased with the inclusion of more number of characters in the index. The selection index based on five characters viz., green pod yield per plant, number of pods per plant, 10-green pod weight, plant height and reproductive phase duration exhibited maximum relative efficiency. Selection of these characters increase pod yield in Indian bean. The expected genetic advance and relative efficiency assessed for different indices increased considerably when selection was based on two or more characters.

1 table, 4 ref

029751   HANJAGI P S, SINGH B (Plant Physiology Div, ICAR-National Rice Research, Odisha) : Nitrogen nutrition of crops: A critical determinant of plant iron and zinc uptake and their biofortification in grains of wheat. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 94-104.

Declining soil fertility, imbalanced and non-judicious application of major fertilizers, decreasing crop productivity and produce quality and malnutrition among burgeoning human population are some of the major challenges of the present time. An experiment was conducted to assess role of N nutrition of wheat crop on efficiency for plant micronutrient uptake and their subsequent accumulation in the grain. The study involved measuring the effect of varying level fertilizer N application (N0, N120, N150 and N200 kg N ha^-1) on root uptake, shoot partitioning and grain accumulation of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in two bread wheat cultivars HD 2967 and DPW 621-50. N fertilizer application, in general, bettered plant vigor as evident from high root and shoot mass, root surface area and flag leaf area of N fertilized plants than those maintained without N. Fertilizer N application improved plant N status and shoot and grain concentration of Fe and Zn, more so in a dose dependant manner. Root to shoot and shoot to grain translocation efficiency for Fe and Zn increased with increasing availability of soil N. Higher biomass production with N fertilization led to a dilution effect on Fe and Zn concentration and caused a reduction in nutrient use efficiency for Fe, Zn and N with N than without N treatment. The concentration of these microelements in wheat shoot and grain increased with increasing N fertilizer application, reaching the highest at N150. Further, increase in N availability did not significantly improve the grain micronutrients. These results indicate that fertilizer N management of crops is critical determinant of Fe and Zn accumulation in the grain. Improved sink demand and efficient retranslocation of micronutrients at high N availability could be the underlying operative mechanisms responsible for agronomic biofortification.

3 illus, 10 tables, 39 ref

029869   SMRITI S, RAM R B (Horticulture Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizers on yielding and fruiting traits of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 90-3.

The present experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India during the year 2016-1017. The plant to plant and row to row spacing were maintained at 30 x 60 cm respectively. The experiment was carried under Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. A single standard variety (Kasha pragati) released from IIVR Varanasi is sown with the different treatment combinations. The treatment combinations are given as – Treatment 1 (T₁) control, T₂ Farm yard Manure (FYM), T₃ (Vermicompost), T₄ Neemcake, T₅ (50 % RDF + FYM), T₆ (50 % RDF + Vermicompost) T₇ (50 % RDF + Neemcake), T₈ (75 % RDF + FYM), T₉ (75 % RDF + Vermicompost), T₁₀ (75 % RDF + Neemcake), T₁₁ (50 % RDF + Azotobacter), T₁₂ (50 % RDF + PSB), T₁₃ (50 % RDF + VAM), T₁₄ (75 % RDF + Azotobacter), T₁₅ (75 % RDF + PSB), T₁₆ (5 % RDF + VAM). On the basis of overall performance under the present investigation, it may be concluded that the application of 50 % RDF + Vermicompost in ‘Kashi Pragati’ increased the growth, yield and nutritional quality of okra. It was, therefore, concluded that the use of organic manure in combination with inorganic fertilizers in the production of vegetables like okra should be encouraged as it is beneficial for the physical growth of okra plant.

2 tables, 11 ref

029842   SAHA K, BHOI S, KALAL P, MISHRA S (Vegetable Crops Div, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Molecular breeding for gynoecy trait in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 86-9.

Gynoecy is the condition where all the flowering nodes produce only pistillate flowers, which can be exploited for improving yield and economizing hybrid production. Though Bitter gourd is a typical monoecious member of Cucurbitaceae family, it also exhibits various sex forms. Gynoecious sex form has been reported in Indian germplasm which is governed by a single recessive gene ‘gy-1’. These lines have been maintained at the beginning through sib-mating. Treatment of gynoecious lines of bitter gourd with ethylene perception inhibitor i.e. silver thiosulfate induces hermaphrodite flower buds. Micropropagation for maintenance and mass multiplication of gynoecious lines in bitter gourd for hybrid seed production was standardized. However, early phenotypic detection of gynoecy in breeding lines is difficult as it highly influenced by environment. The mode of inheritance of gynoecy and the position of the gene governing it, can be analyzed by identifying a molecular marker closely linked to the gynoecy locus which can further be used in the marker assisted selection of gynoecious line. But in India molecular breeding in bitter gourd is in its infancy, due to limited molecular resources, particularly on functional markers for traits such as gynoecy. The available molecular markers which are summarized in this review can be utilized for incorporation of gynoecy traits into genetic background of cultivated Bitter gourd. This review also covers the implication of gynoecy trait towards the sustainable development in the genetic improvement of Bitter gourd.

29 ref

029812   NAGAR D, MEENA K K, MUKHERJEE S, GARG S (Horticulture Div, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute (RARI), Rajasthan) : Effect of pruning intensity, crop load and fertigation on growth attributes in pomegranate var. Bhagwa under Jaipur condition. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 83-5.

The results of experiments showed that the maximum gain in average plant height (0.77 m), stem girth (0.75 cm) and plant spread in E-W i.e. 0.96 m and in N-S i.e. 0.94 m was recorded in F1 (application of 100 per cent RDF through fertigation) followed by F2 (75 per cent RDF through fertigation). The minimum gain in growth attribute like plant height (0.59 m), stem girth (0.57 cm) and plant canopy spread (E-W 0.68 m; and N-S 0.67 m) was recorded in treatment F3. Most of growth attributes were also significantly influenced by pruning and crop load treatments. The plants which were subjected to heavy pruning recorded significantly higher plant height and canopy spread (E-W and N-S) followed by moderate pruning. The maximum gain in plant height (0.72 m) and plant canopy spread in E-W i.e. 0.79 m and in N-S i.e. 0.77 m were recorded in pruning treatment P1. The different crop load treatments did not show significant difference on plant height and canopy spread.

2 tables, 15 ref

029789   KUNDOO A A, KHAN A A, AHAD I, CHATOO M A, BHAT N A, RASOOL K (Entomology Dep, Sher-eKashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir) : Taxonomic redescription of the species of Genus Coccinella (Coleoptera: coccinellidae) from Jammu and Kashmir, India. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 79-82.

Ladybird beetles belong to family Coccinellidae of the order Coleoptera and are important group of beetles, they are voracious predators and occupies important place in biological control. In this paper three species of the genus Coccinella belong to the subfamily Coccinellinae have been collected and rediscribed as no taxonomic work has been done on this group in Kashmir. This paper provides a detailed taxonomy of Coccinella septumpunctata, Coccinella undecimpunctata and Coccinella transversalis. Detailed description of adults and male genitalia are provided for both species along with color plates. In addition to this a dichotomous key of all species of Coccinella has been provided.

3 illus, 23 ref

029794   MAHADULE P A, SALE R B (Soil Science Div, Agricultural Chemistry COAP, Maharashtra) : Effect of foliar sprays of boron on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Entisol: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 74-8.

The review of various experiment were conducted on soil and foliar application of boron showed significant increase in growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality parameters of pulses and legumes.

41 ref

029854   SHELKE P V, GHAWADE S M, MALI V V, KOKATE K M (Vegetable Science Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra) : Influence of salicylic acid on the quality and storage in onion cv. (Akola safed). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 70-3.

An experiment entitled “Influence of salicylic acid on the growth, yield and quality in onion Cv. (Akola safed)” was carried out during rabi season of academic year 2016-2017, at Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design, with three replications and 13 treatment combinations with control treatment. There were two factors, main factor being stages of application with 3 levels viz. 30 DAT, 60 DAT, 30 and 60 DAT and another sub factor was concentration of salicylic acid with 4 levels viz. 50, 100, 150, 200 mg l^-1 . The results of the present investigation indicated that, polar diameter (cm), equatorial diameter (cm), TSS (⁰Brix), ascorbic acid content (mg 100^-1 g) in onion bulbs were recorded maximum, wherein the treatment combination consisting of two applications of salicylic acid at 30 and 60 DAT along with salicylic acid @ 100 mg l^-1 (A₃C₂). As regards to the influence of treatment combination on storage parameters viz., physiological loss in weight, sprouting and rottening loss were concerned, they depicted numerically minimum values in the treatment combination consisting of two applications of salicylic acid at 30 and 60 DAT with salicylic acid @ 100 mg l^-1 (A₃C₂).

2 tables, 9 ref