002344   MURALI M, ANANTACHAR M, DEVOJEE B (Farm Machinery and Power Engineering Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur, Karnataka) : Performance evaluation of four row self propelled paddy transplanter for black cotton soil. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 452-4.

Field Trials were conducted at gagavathi in during kharif 2014 with view to reduce cost of transplanting operation of paddy crop. A self propelled four row paddy transplanter (Kubato Model) was used for the transplanting purpose. The performance of the mechanical self propelled paddy transplanter was found quite satisfactory. The field capacity, field efficiency and fuel consumption of the four row self propelled paddy transplanter were 0.1 ha/h, 65 % and 10 lit/ha, respectively. The cost of mechanical transplanting was found to be 1500 Rs/ha as compared to Rs 5000 Rs/ha as in case of traditional method of manual transplanting followed by farmers in the region. Crop yield in both manual and mechanical transplanting was found at par with average grain yield. The machine was found to be farmer friendly and feasible in terms of time, money and labour requirement as compared to manual method transplanting of paddy.

2 tables, 9 ref

002418   USHAMALINI C, ARUNKUMAR K, MOHANALAKSHMI M (Spices and Plantation Crops Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Beneficial microbial application for the management of ginger rhizome rot. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 430-2.

Rhizome rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, is one of the major constraints in the production of ginger. Management of plant diseases by chemical fungicides has lead to the development of fungicide resistant strains of plant pathogens. Hence, biological control of disease using bio control organisms is the distinct possibility and can be exploited within the framework of integrated disease management system. The pooled data of trials conducted at two different locations in Gudalur region indicated that, treatment of rhizomes with P. fluorescens @ 10g kg^-1 of rhizomes at the time of planting along with soil application on 3, 5 and 7 months after planting reduced the incidence of rhizome rot (11.37 %) in ginger with an average rhizome yield of 37.04 t ha^-1 , while in control the incidence was 22.47 % with an average rhizome yield of 19.87 t ha^-1 .

3 tables, 12 ref

002312   JEGADEESWARI V, ARUNKUMAR K, KUNIKULLAYA G A, DHARMALINGAM B (Spices and Plantation Crops Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Performance of quality parameters in seedling progenies of identified Cocoa plus trees under Tamil Nadu condition. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 422-4.

Main aim of this study to evaluate the performance of quality parameters in seedling progenies of identified cocoa plus trees under Tamil Nadu condition. Ten plus trees were evaluated for two cropping period from July 2014 to June 2015. Out of ten plus trees studied for quality characters, the fat content was the highest (56.1 per cent) in VPS 13. While the highest (87.04 mg equivalent for pyrocatechol per gram) total phenol content in cocoa beans was recorded in VPS 15. Similarly, the mean performance of plus trees showed that the highest (25.41 per cent) total carbohydrate content was recorded by VPS 15 over one year. The quality characters such as fat content, total phenol content and carbohydrate content were influences by the genetic potential of the plus trees. These plus trees, further useful for breeding program to enhance the quality traits.

4 tables, 6 ref

002290   DEVEDEE A K, SINGH R K, CHOUDHARY K, PARIHAR R K, MEHAJBEEN (Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Study of integrated farming system for doubling farmers income in district Kushinagar of eastern Uttar Pradesh. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 419-21.

Kushinagar district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh is divided into 14 blocks with 1571 villages. The net sown area is 2.33 lakh ha out of that 1.67 lakh ha under irrigation. This district has a prominent place for fruits and vegetables cultivation. The major crops of the district are paddy (rice), sugarcane, wheat, maize, pulses, potato, vegetables and mango. Rice-wheat based cropping system is most dominated in the district. Traditional integration is practiced in such a way that product of one component should be the input for other enterprises with high degree of complimentary effects on each other and also increase the farmer income. The study advocated the benefits of productivity improvement by 30-50 % depending upon the number and kind of enterprises and their management. Sole rice could not give high income as compare of mixed /integrated farming system, so its needs to be refine / developed suitable integrated farming system in that’s reasons. To sustain and satisfy needs, farmers include crop production, livestock, poultry, goat keeping, etc. in their farming systems. Earlier, the important objective of existing farming was subsistence and few farmers are now approaching for quality and soil health aspects also.

2 tables, 4 ref

002306   HUSSAINY S A H, SATHIYA K, DURAIRAJ N (Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Integration of different organic manures and nitrogenous fertilizer and its effect on the growth and yield of rice. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 415-8.

Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam during Pishanam season (November- March) of 2015 – 2016. Higher Plant height, dry matter production, yield attributes and grain yield was realised with application of 75 % N as inorganic fertilizer and 25 % N as poultry manure (7160 kg/ha) comparable with 25 % N as vermicompost (6920 kg/ha) and was followed 25 % N as green leaf manure (6710 kg/ha). Higher physiological efficiency was attained when substituting 25 % N as poultry manure and was followed by the same proportion of vermicompost. The highest net return with B: C ratio of 3.12 was attained by 25 % N substitution as poultry manure while green leaf manure fetched highest B: C ratio of 3.26. From the above results, it could be indoctrinated that application of 75 % of recommended N as inorganic fertilizer and substitution of 25 % N either as poultry manure or green leaf manure is the desirable integrated nutrient management practice for achieving higher productivity and profitability under transplanted condition.

3 tables, 16 ref

002400   SINGH S R K, MISHRA A, SURYAWANSHI A, SHRIVASTAVA V (ICAR-ATARI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of varietal intervention on the yield of soybean crop across agro-climatic zones in Madhya Pradesh: A cluster approach. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 408-10.

Cluster frontline demonstration is a unique approach to enhance the production and productivity of oilseeds crops. Oilseed plays an important role in agriculture economy in many regions of the world. Cluster frontline demonstration is educational activity conducted in a systematic manner at farmers’ fields to show the worth of a new practice/technology. Farmers in India are still producing crops based on the knowledge transmitted to them by their forefathers leading to a grossly unscientific agronomic, nutrient management and pest management practices. As a result of this, they often fail to harvest the potential yields of various crops. In India soybean area is 11.32 mha, production 13.79 mt. and productivity 12.19 q/ha. While in Madhya Pradesh area is 5.40 mha, production 7.08 mt. and productivity 13.10 q/ha during 2016-17. Therefore, the present study was conducted total 31 KVKs under ten agroclimatic zones of Madhya Pradesh. In ten zones 2530 demonstration conducted in 1047 ha area. Whereas use of demonstrated variety JS 93-05, JS 95-60, JS 97-52, JS 20-34, JS 20-29, RVS 2001-4, NRC-7 etc. during 2017-18. The average of demonstration plots was obtained yield 13.95 q/ha, net return 25159 Rs/ha with benefit cost ratio 2.03. The results clearly indicate the positive effects of demonstration practices over the local practices also benefit cost ratio was recorded to be higher under demonstrations against local control treatments during year.

3 tables, 7 ref

002328   KUMAR D, RAJU S V S, SHARMA K R (Entomology & Agriculture Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Population dynamics of chilli mite and their management with certain newer insecticide combination formulations. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 403-7.

Field experiments were conducted during the 2016-17 at the Vegetable Research Farm, B.H.U., Varanasi to study the population dynamics of chilli mite and evaluate the efficacy of certain newer insecticide combination formulations viz., Fipronil 5 % + Buprofezin 20 % SC @ 100 + 400g a.i./ha, Fipronil 5 % + Buprofezin 20 % SC @ 50 + 200 g a.i./ha, Fipronil 5 % + Buprofezin 20 % SC @ 37.5 + 150 g a.i./ha, Indoxacarb 14.5 % + Acetamiprid 7.7 % SC @ 58 + 30.8 g a.i./ha, Diafenthuiron 50 % WP, Buprofezin 25 % SC, Fipronil 5 % SC, Quinolphos 25 % EC @ 750 g a.i./ha, Quinolphos @ 375 g a.i./ha with untreated control. The chilli mite population was first recorded on 38^th SW with mean population of 0.75 mites per leaf and attaining its peak population 17.85 mites per leaf during 42^nd SW. The correlation analysis revealed that positive significant correlation with maximum temperature and positive non-significant correlation with minimum temperature. However, negative significant correlation with morning and evening relative humidity and negative non-significant correlation with rainfall. The overall data of efficacy revealed that all insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over untreated control. However, the plots treated with Fipronil 5 % + Buprofezin 20 % SC @ 100+400 g a.i./ha has recorded the lowest number of chilli mite population (4.44 and 2.18 mite per leaf) after first and second insecticidal sprays, respectively, followed by Fipronil 5 % + Buprofezin 20 % SC @ 50+200 g a.i./ha (5.84 and 3.53 mite per leaf, respectively). Whereas, sole treatments of Fipronil 5 % SC and Buprofezin 25 % SC were recorded as third and fourth best treatments, respectively.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

002268   BANJARA T R, BOHRA J S (Agronomy Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Energetics of winter crops under rice based cropping sequences in irrigated condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 395-9.

The field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U. P.) in two consecutive years of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the energetic of winter crops under rice based cropping sequences in irrigated condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Results revealed that energy output, net energy and energy intensity was found significantly higher with wheat grown in ricewheat-cowpea fodder sequence (S₄) but it was remained comparable with wheat grown in rice-wheatgreen gram sequence (S₂) and rice-wheat sequence (S₁) during first year, however during second year it was found at par only with rice-wheat-green gram sequence (S₂). The lowest energy output, net energy and energy intensity recorded in cabbage grown in rice-cabbage-cowpea fodder sequence (S₁₀) were mainly because of its having lowest energy equivalent in economic produce. Energy output: input ratio was significantly highest in mustard grown in rice-mustard-sudan grass fodder sequence (S₈) but it was found at par with mustard grown in rice-mustard-cowpea fodder sequence (S₉) during first year and viceversa during second year. The energy productivity was highest in rice-cabbage-cowpea fodder sequence (S₁₀), proved distinct superiority over rest of the winter crop grown in different sequences. Nevertheless, highest specific energy was noted in berseem in rice-berseem-maize fodder sequence (S₆) remained at par with berseem grown in rice-berseem-cowpea fodder sequence (S₇) during both the years of investigation.

1 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

002264   ANKIT, KERKHI S A, SINGH S P, SINGH V K, TIWARI A, SINGH A (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, SVPUA&T, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) : Estimation of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance among the genotypes/lines for seed yield and other economic traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 390-4.

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important rabi oilseed crop which is having diploid chromosome number 2n=30. A wide range of variability was noted for yield and yield components viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index and 1000 seed weight. High heritability estimates were recorded for four traits (1000 seed weight, days to 50 % flowering, number of primary branches per plant and number of capsules per plant) out of eleven studied traits; these could be growing to greater contribution of genetic components in inheritance of these attributes. High estimates of genetic advance as percentage of means were noted for capsules per plant, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. Moderate genetic advance as percentage of means were noted for plant height, harvest index and days to 50 % flowering. Low genetic advance as percentage of means were noted for seeds per capsule and days to maturity.

2 tables, 32 ref

002393   SINGH B, KUMAR M, DHAKA A K (Agronomy Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana) : Comparative efficacy of tank mixture of post emergence herbicides for the control of mixed weed flora in wheat. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 384-9.

To find out the comparative efficacy of herbicides for the control of mixed weed flora of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was conducted at Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. The experiment comprised of 14 treatments viz., metribuzin (210 g/ha), clodinafop (60 g/ha), pinoxaden (40 g/ha), sulfosulfuron (25 g/ha), tank mixture of metribuzin with clodinafop (210 + 60 g/ha), Pinoxaden (210 + 40 g/ha), sulfosulfuron (210 + 25 g/ha) and fenoxaprop (210 + 120 g/ha), tank mixture of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (32 g/ha), mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (14.4 g/ha), clodinafop + metsulfuron (60 + 4 g/ha), isoproturon + 2,4-D (1000 + 500 g/ha), weedy check and weed free. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. For effective weed control, weed free treatment and sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron @ 32 g/ha, proved to be the best treatment with minimum weed density and dry weight of weeds; maximum weed densities and weed dry weight were recorded in weedy check. The highest grain yield of wheat was recorded in weed free plot (64.7 and 49.1 q/ha), which was similar to tank mixture of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron @ 32 g/ha (64.4 and 48.4 q/ha) and these were significantly higher than individual application of herbicides but at pat with other tank mixed herbicides during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. Sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron was also proved to be effective in yield parameters viz. effective tillers (452 and 449 m^-2) and 1000-grain weight (42.0 and 40.4 g) during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. In the light of this study the weed free followed by the tank mixture of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron provided better results for controlling weeds in the wheat. Presence of weeds throughout the growing season brought about 36.0 and 33.6 % reduction in grain yield as compared to weed free during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively.

3 tables, 31 ref

002383   SANTOSH, JAISWAL J P (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Govind Ballabh Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand) : Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and physiological traits under late sown condition in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 347-53.

The present investigation was carried out with 32 diverse genotypes of bread wheat in completely randomized block design with 3 replications at GBPUAT, Pantnagar under late sown condition. The observations were recorded on 15 agronomic traits and 3 physiological traits. The statistical analysis for genetic variability was done using ANOVA, h² , GCV, PCV and GA. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes. The results of the present study indicated that high heritability values were observed in most of the yield contributing and physiological traits except grain filling duration and number of tillers per plant. High GCV and PCV were observed for the characters plot yield, canopy temperature depression-I, -II, -III, and biological yield etc. Moderate GCV and PCV were found for the characters relative water content, plant height, harvest index and 1000 grain weight etc. whereas low GCV and PCV were observed for the characters days to 75 % heading, days to 75 % anthesis, days to 75 % maturity and SPAD. The genetic advance was observed high for the character such as plant height and relative water content while moderate for number of grains per spike and low for days to 75 % heading, days to 75 % anthesis, days to 75 % maturity and SPAD.

4 tables, 28 ref

002419   VALARMATHI M, MUTHUKUMAR M, RAHMAN H, SASIKALA R, RAVEENDRAN M (Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Development of early maturing, high yielding, drought tolerant rice variety with superior grain quality through molecular breeding and its performance evaluation. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 338-46.

Drought is one of the major constraints limiting rice production and most of popular mega varieties of Tamil Nadu are highly susceptible to drought. Developing drought resilient rice cultivars will help in sustaining rice productivity under marginal environments. With the view to develop early maturing, drought tolerant rice lines possessing superior grain quality, a RIL population was developed between popular drought susceptible rice genotype Improved White Ponni and drought tolerant rice genotype Apo. Genotyping in F₂ population using SSR markers linked to mega effect QTLs of Apo resulted in the identification of progenies harboring various combinations of drought tolerant QTLs. Two early maturing progenies namely #76 and #110 possessing high yield potential and superior grain quality were found to harbor 2-3 mega effect QTLs of Apo. QTL positive lines were further advanced up to F₆ generation. About 159 F₆ progenies were evaluated during January’2015 under field conditions for earliness, yield and grain quality traits which resulted in the identification of superior single plants of # 76 (3 QTLs) # 110 (2 QTLs) possessing early duration (< 110 days), high yield and good grain quality. These progenies were named as CBMAS14076 and CBMAS14110. CBMAS14076 and CBMAS14110 were evaluated for their drought responses under both greenhouse and field conditions along with IWP and Apo. Both these lines were found to be early (100 – 110 days) and exhibited improved drought tolerance when compared to IWP. IWP showed 23.3 % reduction in single plant yield under drought; whereas CBMAS14076 and CBMAS14110 showed only around 16 % reduction in single plant yield.

6 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

002355   PANT R, DIMRI D C, RAI R, RAO V K, KUMAR A (Horticulture Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand) : Impact of soil applied Paclobutrazol on vegetative growth of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. rose Scented. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 332-7.

Paclobutrazol a plant growth regulator (PGR) has been reported to be very effective for dwarfing a wide range of crops including litchi. It is a cell elongation and internode extension inhibitor that retards plant growth by inhibition of gibberellins biosynthesis. The effect of paclobutrazol at varying time intervals of litchi as soil drench application (1.00-4.00 g a.i. per meter canopy diameter) on vegetative growth of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) was investigated during 2016-18 in Pantnagar condition. The vegetative growth was significantly reduced due to higher dose of paclobutrazol (2.0-4.0 g a.i./meter canopy diameter). Application of paclobutrazol at the rate 2.0, 3.0 a.i./tree through soil application method was noted to be more efficient in reducing tree height, shoot length, internodal length and emergence of vegetative flush. The paclobutrazol applied at the rate 40 ml/tree was the most effective in reducing the plant height (3.70 m) followed by 80 ml/tree (3.94 m) and 60 ml/tree (3.95 m), while the maximum plant height was recorded under control (4.38 m). The application of paclobutrazol @ 40 ml/tree, the shoot length of litchi tree was found to be minimum (16.79 cm) as compared to control (19.60 cm). At varying time intervals, in the month of October estimated the minimum shoot length (17.72 cm) followed by September, while the maximum shoot length was noted under November (18.16 cm). The main purpose of this study is to focus upon contemporary information about paclobutrazol in litchi growth.

4 tables, 21 ref

002331   KUMAR P, RAI RC (Plant Pathology Dep, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar) : Spot blotch: A threat to wheat in changing climate-an overview. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 326-31.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the world’s most important food crop, serve as the prime item in the diet of millions of people. Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum spp.) in warm and humid wheat growing regions of the world. The fungus has a worldwide distribution but as a pathogen it is the most aggressive under the conditions of high relative humidity and temperature associated with the low fertility of soils. The yield loss due to the disease is very significant especially in North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) of India, Nepal Terai and North Western Bangladesh. Estimates of yield losses due to spot blotch were reported to vary from 15.5 to 19.6 % and up to 100 % under severe infection conditions. Early symptoms are characterized by small, dark brown lesions ranging 1 to 2 millimeter long without chlorotic margin. In susceptible varieties, these lesions can extend very quickly in oval to elongated blotches, light brown to dark brown in colour. They may reach several centimeters before coalescing and inducing the death of the leaf. The pathogen has morphological and molecular variations among the isolates. Ideal conditions for spot blotch development on the leaves are relative humidity of near 95 per cent with an average temperature in the coolest month above 17°C and long periods (more than 12 to 18 hours) of leafs wetness caused by rainfall, irrigation, fog or dew. Recently a number of genotypes have been identified as donors for improving host resistance. The best way to control spot blotch is through an integrated approach including varietal replacement, agronomic management and need based application of fungicides.

63 ref

002382   SANKARI, ANAND A M, KAYALVIZHI K, KANNAN M (TNAU, P N Pudur, Tamil Nadu - 641 003) : Evaluation of sweet potato (Lpomoea batatas (L) Lam.) clones for root yield and processing qualities. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 322-5.

The present investigation was carried out during the year 2010 -2013 to evaluate the sweetpotato clones for yield and processing qualities. The experiment was conducted with fifteen clones of sweet potato at the Department of Olericulture, Horticultural college and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The mean performance of the 15 clones for yield and processing characters were studied. Based on the mean performance for different characters, the clones CO2, CO3, CO2/315, CO2/74 and CO2/310 were identified as best for culinary purpose.

4 tables, 7 ref

002391   SHYAMRAO I D, RAGHURAMAN M (Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Bio-efficacy of insecticides against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) in rice (O. sativa L.) ecosystem of Varanasi region. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 301-4.

An experimental trial was conducted during Kharif season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to evaluate the bio-efficacy of newer insecticides against yellow stem borer. The stem borer infestation varied from 3.85 to 7.85 per cent. Among the various insecticidal field evaluations against yellow stem borer, flubendiamide 20 % WG @ 25 g a.i./ha was found best effective treatment against yellow stem borer recording overall mean per cent dead heart (DH) of 3.91 followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC @ 30 g a.i./ha (4.23 %), Lamda Cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 20 g a.i./ha (4.94 %), Fipronil 5 % SC @ 50 g a../ha (5.24 %) and Thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 25 g a.i./ha (5.73 %) respectively during 2016-17. During 2017- 18 again Flubendiamide 20 % WG @ 25 g a.i./ha was found best effective recording overall mean per cent dead heart (DH) of 4.28 followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC @ 30 g a.i./ha (4.93 %), Fipronil 5 % SC @ 50 g a../ha (5.42 %), Lamda Cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 20 g a.i./ha (5.55 %) and Thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 25 g a.i./ha (5.93 %), respectively. The highest main grain yield 5.10 t/ha during 2016-17 and 4.77 t/ha during 2017-18 was recorded from the plots treated with Flubendiamide 20 % WG @ 25 g a.i./ha. While the lowest mean grain yield 3.38 and 3.00 t/ha was harvested from the plots treated with Neem (Azadiractin 0.15 % EC) @ 4 ml/liter during Kharif 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively.

2 tables, 12 ref

002313   KAKDE S S, GAWATE A B, MANDGE S V (Agriculture Coll, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Heterosis for yield component traits and seed yield in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 296-300.

The present investigation was carried out at College of Agricultural, Kharpudi, during kharif 2016 and 2017. The material for the present investigation comprised ten parents, among these six testers, four line, and twenty four F1 derived through Line x Tester mating system including one check were evaluated to know the magnitude of heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters. With respect to seed yield per plant, the highest heterosis was recorded to the extent of 45.09 %, 27.63 % and 37.78 % over mid parent, better parent and standard check, respectively. The promising hybrids viz. BM 2002-1 X BPMR 126, BM 2002-1 X BPMR 75, BM 4 X BPMR 75, JL 781 X BPMR 126, JL 781 X BPMR 75 and AKM 4 X BPMR 75 were the top five crosses based on mean perse performance and heterosis.

2 tables, 16 ref

002423   YADAV A K, NALEENI R, SINGH D (Amity Univ, Noida, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and yield parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 271-4.

The response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Viz. growth and yield performance to different organic manures alone and in combination with biofertilizers was evaluated by conducting a field experiment in clay soil. The growth attributes of cowpea viz. plant height, branches per plant, leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was found highest in treatment involving the combined application of FYM + Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB culture. Similarly, the root growth and nodules count were also found higher in the treatment receiving combined application of organic manures with biofertilizers. The yield of cow pea was increased by 46% under the treatment receiving organic manures and biofertilizers as compared to control treatment. The results of the present study revealed that the cowpea crop responded positively to the combined application of organic manures and biofertilizers towards growth, growth and yield attributes and yield.

3 tables, 31 ref

002426   YADAV V K, SINGH A K, SINGH P, KUMAR R, SRIVASTAV S K, YADAV V, YADAV R K (Crop Physiology Dep, C. S. Azad Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect on foliar application of potassium nitrate on physiological, biochemical and yield potential in different wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] cultivars under drought and irrigated conditions. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 254-7.

The field experiments were conducted at Student Instructional Farm of CSAUAT Kanpur, during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18. The objective of investigation was to study the effect of foliar applied potassium nitrate and thio-urea with different doses on plant traits (physiological, biochemical, yield and its components) of two wheat varieties under drought and irrigated condition. It was designed in split-split plot design with three replications. The two conditions i.e., drought (I₀) and irrigated (I₁) conditions were allocated in the main plots and two wheat varieties i.e., V₁ (K-1006) and V₂ (K-307) in sub plot and for each five chemical treatments were applied as foliar spray at heading stages by 500 ppm (T₃) and 1000 ppm thio-urea (T₄), along with control (T₀) in sub-sub plots. The significantly higher grain yield (5.30 & 5.12 gm) with best morpho-physiological, phenological and biochemical traits can be obtained by foliar application of 500 ppm thio-urea (T₃) with both condition of i.e., drought (I₀) and irrigated (I₁) of wheat crop. Next to this were 500 ppm thiourea (T₃) i.e., 5.30 & 5.26, 1000 ppm thiourea (T₄) i.e., 5.12 & 5.08 as compare to control (T₀) i.e., 4.30 & 4.13 gm. Among cultivars, maximum responsive was K-1006 (V₁) in most of traits and gave significantly higher grain yield (5.30 & 5.23) and minimum in K--307 (V₂) i.e., 5.12 & 5.08 gm with both concerning experimental years.

3 tables, 18 ref

002406   SINGHAL R K, KUMAR V, BOSE B (Plant Physiology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Improving the yield and yield attributes in wheat crop using seed priming under drought stress. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 214-20.

An experiment was conducted in the Seed priming Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology and poly-house of Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, for two consecutive years to analyse the responses of two wheat varieties namely HUW-468 and HUW-510 under control and drought stress conditions using hydro, Mg (NO₃)₂, ZnSO₄ and combination of Mg (NO₃)₂ and ZnSO₄ primed seeds. On the basis of various parameters regarding yield and yield attributes of wheat crop. Parameters related to yield and yield attributes, viz., number of the spike length, spike number plant^-1 , spike weight, spikelet number spike^-1 , seed number spike^-1 , number of productive tillers plant^-1 , biological yield plant^-1 , grain yield plant^-1 (g) and test weight (g) were found to be higher in combined primed seed set, and Mg(NO₃)₂, followed by ZnSO₄ treated sets in respect to others in drought and control conditions and used verities of wheat. Therefore, from the data of yield and yield attributes parameters, it can be assumed that seed priming improves the seed yield by improving earlier reproductive growth and more allocation of assimilates toward the developing grains. Through these parameters it can be concluded that seed priming improves the yield of important agriculture crops by improving yield and yield attributes.

6 tables, 27 ref

002322   KSHIRSAGAR R B, DESAI G B, SAWATE A R, DESHMUKH N M (Food Engineering Dep, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Physico-chemical and nutritional properties of jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 211-3.

The present investigation aimed to assess the physicochemical, proximate, vitamins and minerals composition of jamun (Syzygium Cumini) seed. The physical properties like colour of jamun fruit was dark purple and jamun seed were recorded white to pink. The shapes of the jamun fruit and seed resembled the oblong shape. The length, width and weight of jamun fruit (31 mm, 28.7 mm and 18.32 g) and seed was found to be (18.20 mm, 11.05 mm and 1.62 g) respectively. Jamun seed were assessed for their chemical composition such as moisture, crude fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber and ash as (53, 1.02, 3.84, 31.62, 7.01 and 1.51 g/100 g), respectively. The values for vitamins presence of vitamins A (3 IU/100 g), vitamins B₃ (0.09 mg/100 g) and vitamins C (0.21 mg/100 g) were found in jamun seed. The values for minerals presence of iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium and zinc in jamun seed powder was (0.140, 0.651, 0.010, 0.072, 16.07 and 0.009 mg/100 g), respectively. Thus, it was concluded that these jamun (Syzygium Cumini) seed traditional medicinal plants provide good source of nutrients viz., protein, fibres, vitamins and minerals.

4 tables, 20 ref

002319   KHANNA R, PAWAR J, GUPTA S, VERMA H, TRIVEDI H, KUMAR P, KUMAR R (Agronomy Dep, Govind Ballabh Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand) : Efficiency of biofertilizers in increasing the production potential of cereals and pulses: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 183-8.

The agricultural scenario is changing rapidly. The pressure on the land is increasing day by day in order to feed a huge population. Agriculture systems are demanding new technologies that open the way towards sustainability in production and to our soil system. The use of biofertilizers is of utmost importance in agriculture because they not only increase the yield of various crops by improving their nutrient uptake, but they also helps in sustainable management of soil by having their role in nutrient transformation, increase in organic matter content, maintenance of pH due to release of various organic acids and so on. Chemical fertilizers directly increase the soil fertility by adding nutrients into the soil, whereas biofertilizers are helpful in nutrient uptake as their main function in soil is to either fix a nutrient on soil surface that is subjected to greater loss, or to solubilize a nutrient that is not available to plants because of fixation on the soil surface. They also serve as cost effective technology as they reduce the amount of inorganic fertilizers to be applied for crop production.

47 ref

002283   CHAUDHARI N V, KUMAR N, PARMAR P K, DAKHORE K K, CHAUDHARI S N, CHANDRAWANSHI S K (Agriculture Engineering Dep, N. M. C. A, Navsari, Gujarat) : Thermal indices in relation to crop phenology and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in the South Gujarat region. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 146-9.

Thermal indices in relation to crop phenology and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in the south Gujarat region. Field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2016 at Research and Instructional Farm of Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) for two different variety under different thermal environment varied considerably from sowing to maturity. Higher GDD, PTUE, HTUE and EDUE was observed under 18 June (D₁) in varieties GNR-3 and NAUR-1. Lowest GDD, PTUE and HTUE was observed under 28 June (D₂) in both variety. In south Gujarat region, rice is grown mostly under irrigated condition. Late sown rice crop faces high temperature during grain filling and ripening phases which is one of the most important factor which govern the crop phonological development and total biomass production along with efficient conversion of biomass into economic yield.

6 tables, 13 ref

002347   NAND V, YADAV R, KUMAR R, DOHAREY R K, VERMA S K, YADAV N, YADAV R K (ND Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of fertilizers and cutting schedule on growth and quality of dual purpose barley crop (Hordeum vulgare L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 126-30.

A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm,Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Rabi season 2016-17.The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications. Main plot were treated with fertilizer levels, F1 (60 kg N+ 30kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 ), F2(80 kg N+40 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 ), F3 (100 kg N+50 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 ) and F4 (120 kg N+60 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 ) and sub plot were treated with cutting schedule as 45 DAS, 55 DAS, 65 DAS and 75 DAS. The results revealed that the growth parameters like, plant height, dry weight of plant, leaf area index (LAI) and no. of tillers at first cutting and at harvest were recorded maximum with the application of 120 kg N + 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 followed by 100 kg N + 50 kg P₂O₅ kg ha^-1 and 80 kg N + 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^{- 1}, respectively and significantly higher over the application of 60 kg N +30 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 . The maximum plant height (77.28 cm) was recorded when barley crop cut as 75 DAS which was higher tune to the 12.6 %, 17.57 % and 32.51 % over 65, 55 and 45 days after sowing. The dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and no. of tillers were also maximum in the same cutting. However, the quality parameters viz, crude protein (12.88 %), crude fiber (31.87 %),TDN (65.93 %), WSC(10.40 %), ADF (31.34 %), NDF (52.49 %) and Ash (13.34 %) were recorded maximum with the application of 120 kg N + 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 while in case of cutting schedule the maximum crude fiber (31.49 %), WSC (10.80 %), ADF (33.58 %), NDF (54.02 %) and Ash (15.20 %) were found at first cut (75 DAS) where as crude protein (13.13%) and TDN (65 %) obtained at first cut (45 DAS).

2 tables, 13 ref

002258   ABHINEET, KUMAR R, SINGH S, NAND V, CHAUDHARY V (Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of restricted irrigation levels on yield attributes and yield of various varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 122-5.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation levels on performance of timely sown wheat varieties at Crop Research Station Masodha, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya 224229 (U.P.) during Rabi 2016-17. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment consisted of three irrigation levels (I₁- no irrigation, I₂- one irrigation at CRI, I₃- two irrigations, first at CRI and second at boot leaf stage) in main plots and six varieties viz. HI 1612, HD 2888, C 306, K8027, HD 3171 and K 1317in sub plots. Maximum number of effective tillers (287 m^-2 ), length of ear (8.95 cm), number of grains ear^-1 (41.93), grain weight ear^-1 (1.43 g), test weight (39.29 g), grain yield (33.18 q ha^-1 ), straw yield (47.53 q ha^-1 ), and biomass yield (80.71 q ha^-1 ) were recorded with variety K 1317 which was at par with HI1612 and significantly superior over rest of the varieties. Regarding irrigation levels, maximum number of effective tillers (314.56 m^-2 ), length of ear (8.97 cm), number of grains ear^-1 (44.16), grain weight ear^-1 (1.36 g), test weight (38.24 g), grain yield (33.45 q ha^-1 ), straw yield (47.78 q ha^-1 ) and biomass yield (81.23 q ha^-1 ) were recorded with two irrigations (first at CRI and second at Boot leaf stage) which was significantly superior than rest of the irrigation levels.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

002333   KUMAR R, NAND V, VERMA S K, DOHAREY R K, KUMARI A, RAJU (Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of herbicides on weed control efficiency (%), yield attributes, yield and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 118-21.

A field experiment entitled “Evaluation of herbicide for control of complex weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Crop Research Station, Masodha (U.P.) during Rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 with an objective to evaluate the herbicide against grassy and broad leaved weeds. To find out the effect of weed control on weeds, yield of wheat and to find out the economics of various treatment combinations. The soil of the experimental field was silt loam, having pH 7.6, organic carbon 0.42, available N, P and K 145, 17.5 and 224 kg ha^-1 , respectively, Field trial was laid out in RBD with three replication, having fourteen treatments viz. Metribuzin 210 g ha^-1 , Clodinafop 60 g ha^-1 , Pinoxaden 40 g ha^-1 , Sulfosulfuron 25 g ha^-1 , Clodinafop + Metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha^-1 , Pinoxaden + Metribuzin 40 + 210 g ha^-1 , Sulfosulfuron + Metribuzin 25 + 210 g ha^-1 , Accord Plus (Fenoxaprop + Metribuzin) (120 + 210 gha^-1 ) 1500 ml ha^-1 ,Total (Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron) (32 g ha^-1), 40 g ha^-1 , Atlantis (Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron) (14.4 g ha^-1 ) 400 g ha^-1 , Vesta (Clodinafop + Metsulfuron) (60+4 g ha^-1 ) 400 g ha^-1 and Isoproturon + 2,4-D 1000+500 g ha^-1 , weed free and weedy check. The herbicides treatment were executed at 35 DAS with the help of manually operated knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle. The minimum weed dry weight and maximum WCE (88.76%) were recorded with Vesta (Clodinafop + Metsulfuron) (60+4 g ha^-1 ) 400 g ha^-1 which was at par with Tota l (Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron) (32 g ha^-1 ) 40 g ha^-1 , and significantly better for effective weed control as compared to rest of the herbicidal treatment. All the yield contributing characters viz., no. of spike m^-2 , no. of grain spike^-1 , 1000-grain weight as well as grain yields were significantly higher in weed-free over the rest of the treatments. Among herbicides maximum no. of spike m^-2 (437.85) no. of grain (40.12) spike^-1 , 1000-grain weight (37.33 g) as well as grain yields (52.81q/ha.) were recorded with Vesta (Clodinafop + Metsulfuron) (60+4 g ha^-1 ) 400 g ha^-1 With respect to economics, Vesta (Clodinafop + Metsulfuron) (60+4 g ha^-1 ) 400 g ha^-1 recorded maximum net return (Rs. 59895) and B-C ratio (Rs. 2.43).

3 tables, 12 ref

002377   REDDY V V, GHANTE P H, KANASE K M (Plant Pathology Dep, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Studies on morpho-cultural characters of Alternaria alternata infecting groundnut crop by using various culture media. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 85-7.

Alternaria alternate is one of the most important foliar fungus causing leaf blight of Groundnut. A. alternata’s cultural characters were studied on different culture media viz., Corn meal agar, Conn’s agar, Czapek’s dox agar, Potato dextrose agar, Malt extract agar, Richard’s agar, V-8 juice, Host leaf extract agar (20 %), Host stem extract (20 %) and Host root extract (20 %) as well as morphological characters such as mycelial growth, colony colour, colony diameter and sporulation etc. were observed after specific period. The various culture media tested revealed preference of A. alternata to PDA exhibit black to brownish colour colony, with excellent sporulation (++++), with large sized conidia (42.15 - 47.16 μm) and significantly highest mycelial growth (90 mm), was produced followed by Malt extract agar (85 mm), Host leaf extract agar (84 mm), Host stem extract agar (82 mm), Richard’s agar (78 mm), Conn’s agar (65 mm), Host root extract agar (52 mm), Czapek’s dox agar (40 mm) and V-8 juice (38 mm), respectively.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

002399   SINGH S P, NARESH R K, VIVEK, KUMAR S, KUMAR V, MAHAJAN N C, MRUNALINI K, CHANDRA M S, PRASAD K S K (Bareilly Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Conservation agriculture effects on aggregates carbon storage potential and soil microbial community dynamics in the face of climate change under semi-arid conditions: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 59-69.

Soil organic carbon plays the crucial role in maintaining soil quality. The impact carbon and nitrogen dynamics and rate of SOC sequestration in tillage and crop residue application is still in investigation in this environment. The soil organic carbon build up was affected significantly by tillage and residue level in upper depth of 0-15 cm but not in lower depth of 15-30 cm. Higher SOC content of 19.44 g kg^-1 of soil was found in zero tilled residue retained plots followed by 18.53 g kg^-1 in permanently raised bed with residue retained plots. Whereas, the lowest level of SOC content of 15.86 g kg^-1 of soil were found in puddled transplanted rice followed by wheat planted under conventionally tilled plots. Zero tilled residue retained plots sequestrated 0.91g kg^-1yr^-1 SOC which was 22.63 % higher over the conventionally tilled residue removed plots after seven seasons of experimentation. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) was highest (66.05 μg g^-1 ) in treatments FYM @10 ton ha^-1 + PSB + Azotobactor and it was lowest (51.71 μg g^-1 ) in treatments having farmers’ practices. Microbial biomass carbon significantly increased with the integrated application of organic manure (FYM @ 10 tonnes ha^-1 ) and mineral fertilizer (100 % NPK) over control. Development of management practices that favour C sequestration or prevent further losses will help to reduce the potential SOC decline due to the climate change and because of the importance of SOC to soil health and plant productivity, maintenance or restoration of SOC will help to reduce the threats of food security due to climate change. Enhancing the soil organic carbon pool also improves agro-ecosystem resilience, eco-efficiency, and adaptation to climate change.

5 illus, 4 tables, 60 ref

002427   YADAV Y, KUMAR R, KUMARI A, NAND V, VERMA S K (Agronomy Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of weed management practices on weeds and nitrogen removal by weeds in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 54-8.

The field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2015 and 2017 at Agronomy Research Farm of N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.), to study the “Weed management studies in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.)”. The experiment consisted of 14 treatment combination with propaquizafop - p - ethyl @ 40 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₁), propaquizafop - p - ethyl @ 60 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T2), propaquizafop - p - ethyl @ 80 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T3), propaquizafop - p - ethyl @ 100 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₄), clodinafop propargyl @ 40 g ha^-1 as postemergence (T₅), clodinafop propargyl @ 60 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₆), clodinafop propargyl @ 80 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₇), Pendimethalin @ 1000 g ha^-1 as pre-emergence (T₈), oxyfluorfen @ 200 g ha^-1 as pre-emergence (T₉), imazethapyr + imazamox @ 80 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₁₀), imazethapyr+ pendimethal in (RM) @1000 g ha^-1 as pre-emergence (T₁₁), imazethapyr @ 60 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₁₂), Weed free (Three hand weeding at 20, 45 and 65 DAP) (T₁₃) and weedy check (T₁₄). The treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design. All weed management practices proved effectiveness for controlling the weeds in Japanese mint and recorded significantly lesser weed density, dry weight, weed index, nitrogen removal by weeds and higher weed control efficiency over weedy check. Pre emergence application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin at 1000 g ha-1 was found most effective for control of all major weeds and recorded minimum weed density (29.68 and 27.11), dry matter (29.07 and 27.08g.), weed index (8.82 and 8.68%), nitrogen removal (7.19 and 5.90 kg ha^-1 ) and maximum WCE 92.76 and 93.88% during 2015 and 2017, respectively, which was significantly superior to rest of the treatments while at par with application of imazethapyr + and @ 80 g ha^-1 as post emergence, pendimethalin @ 1000 g ha^-1 as pre emergence and imazethapyr @ 60 g ha^-1 as post-emergence for effective control of weeds.

3 tables, 16 ref

002428   YADAV Y, KUMAR R, KUMARI A, VISHUDDHA N, VERMA S K (Agronomy Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of herbicides on dry matter accumulation, fresh herbage yield, oil yield and profitability of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 49-53.

An experiment was conducted during summer season of 2015 and 2017 at Agronomy Research Farm of N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.), to study the “Weed management studies in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). The experiment consisted of 14 treatment combination with propaquizafop - p - ethyl @ 40 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₁), propaquizafop - p - ethyl @ 60 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₂), propaquizafop - p - ethyl @ 80 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₃), propaquizafop - p - ethyl @ 100 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₄), clodinafop propargyl @ 40 g ha^-1 as postemergence (T₅), clodinafop propargyl @ 60 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₆), clodinafop propargyl @ 80 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₇), Pendimethalin @ 1000 g ha^-1 as pre-emergence (T₈), oxyfluorfen @ 200 g ha^-1 as pre-emergence (T₉), imazethapyr + imazamox @ 80 g ha^-1 as post-emergence (T₁₀), imazethapyr + pendimethal in (RM) @1000 g ha^-1 as pre-emergence (T₁₁), imazethapyr @ 60 g ha^-1 as postemergence (T₁₂), Weed free (Three hand weeding at 20, 45 and 65 DAP) (T₁₃) and weedy check (T₁₄). The treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design. All weed management practices proved effective in controlling the weeds in Japanese mint and gave significantly higher dry matter accumulation, fresh herbage yield and oil yield over weedy check. Pre emergence application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin at 1000 g ha^-1 was found to be most effective control of all major weeds and recorded maximum dry matter accumulation, fresh herbage yield and oil yield (184.58 and 188.11 kg ha^-1 ) during 2015 and 2017, respectively, which was significantly superior to rest of the treatments while at par with post emergence application of imazethapyr + imazamox @ 80 g ha^-1 as post emergence, pendimethalin @ 1000 g ha^-1 as pre emergence and imazethapyr @ 60 g ha^-1 as post-emergence. The net return (Rs. 155725) and B: C ratio (2.29) were also higher with pre emergence application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin at 1000 g ha^-1 as pre-emergence.

1 table, 13 ref

002349   NOORJAHAN A M, DESHMUKH J D, BAGADE A B, KALPANDE H V, REDDY V (Agricultural Botany Dep, Agricultural Botany Coll, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Path analysis studies in Dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 41-2.

The investigation was laid out on thirty one genotypes of Dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus) in RBD with two replications during Kharif 2017 at the experimental farm of department of Agril. Botany, VNMKV, Parbhani. The observations was recorded on twelve characters viz. Days to first flowering, days to 50 % flowering, length of inflorescence (cm), number of flowers per inflorescence, number of pods per inflorescence, days to first pod harvest, pod length(cm), pod width(cm), no of grains per pod, mean pod weight(gm), pod yield per plant(kg), pod yield per ha(q). Green pod yield per plant was significantly and positively direct effect with 50 percent flowering, length of inflorescence, number of grains per pod, pod yield per hectare and negative direct effect with days to first flowering, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of pods per inflorescence, first pod harvest, pod length, pod width, mean pod weight. Hence direct selection for these traits may lead to the development of high yielding genotypes of dolichos bean.

1 table, 9 ref

002282   CHANDRAKAR A K, SHANTAIYA S, VICTOR V M (SVCAET, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : Testing and performance evaluation of animal drawn inclined plate planter for hybrid rice. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 38-40.

Farm mechanization has been helpful to bring about a significant improvement in agricultural productivity. Thus, there is strong need for mechanization of agricultural operations. Sowing is the most important operation for growing of the crops. The state evolved a selective mechanization model using a mechanization technology. The monsoon season is from late June to October and is a welcome respite from the heat. Chhattisgarh receives an average of 1400 mm of rain. The maximum and minimum temperature of the district is 45° c & 8° c respectively. The studied were conducted during year 2017-18 to 2018-19. The average power required for pulling planter was found to be 0.44 hp at an average speed of 2.35 km/h. The actual field capacity of machine was found to be 0.13 ha/h at 25 cm row to row spacing respectively. From the actual and theoretical field capacity the field efficiency of the planter was found to be 72.22 %. Cost of operation of the inclined plate planter for rice seeding was estimated as Rs. 32.80 per hour and Rs. 234 per hectare.

3 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref

002263   ANJALI C, RANI C H V D, BALRAM M, CHANDRAMOHAN Y (Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agriculture Univ, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Evaluation of BC₃F₄ and BC₄F₅ progenies of Tellahamsa and MTU1010 for yield and yield related traits. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 33-7.

In India, 65 % of the population depends on rice as their staple food and the country is a huge contributor to the global rice production. However, biotic and abiotic stresses are causing huge yield losses. Many developed new improved cultivated rice for resistance against Blast and BB through molecular breeding approach involving DNA marker, but the improved cultivars yield was not up to the mark. In order to improve rice production and productivity there is an urgent need to improve popular rice varieties by having resistance genes against biotic stresses along with yield related traits. Agro-morphological evaluation was carried out in 29 advanced backcross lines. Replication wise data was recorded for eight yield and yield contributing characters viz., days of 50 % flowering (DFF), plant height (cm), number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length (cm), number of filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant (g), 1000 seed weight (g) and grain type and RBD analysis was carried out. In case of Tellahamsa derived lines, six progenies shown significant superiority over Tellahamsa and four lines were on par with Tellahamsa for yield. Among 10 MTU1010 derived lines, five lines showed significant superiority over MTU1010 for yield.

3 tables, 20 ref

002401   SINGH S, PRATAP M, SAINI P K, KUMAR R, YADAV M S (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Association of heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance present among the various characters in black gram (Vigna mungo (L) Hepper). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 22-5.

The present investigation entitled, Association of heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance present among the various characters in black gram (Vigna mungo (L) Hepper) were grown during Kharif 2017-2018 in RBD with 3 replications at the Horticulture Research farm, Dep’t. Of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. Observations were recorded on single plant basis. The observations were recorded on the genetic variability Phenotypic and genotypic of variation, Heritability characters viz., days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, days maturity, Clusters Per Plant, number of pod Per Clusters, Pod Per Plant, Pod Length (cm), biological yield per plant, Seeds Per 10 Pods test weight, and seed yield.

2 tables, 8 ref

002297   DUDI N, MEHERA B, RAJVEER, KUMAR P, KUMAR V (Environmental Science Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agricultural, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Study on crop weather relationship in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under different sowing dates and varieties in Allahabad conditions. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 16-8.

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season 2015 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Environmental Science, SHIATS, Allahabad (U.P.) to concluded the experiment on the title study on crop weather relationship in cowpea under different sowing dates and varieties in Allahabad on growth, yield and growing degree days of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in factorial Randomized Block Design with nine treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The results revealed that highest plant height (61.10 cm), number of branches (6.55). Yield and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant^-1 (21.58), grains pod^-1 (10.75), pod length (18 cm), Test weight (150g), seed yield (1482.50 kg ha^-1), straw yield (2797.75 kg ha^-1), were highest recorded in treatment T₃ (Variety Kashi Unnati + 2^nd August DOS).

2 tables, 8 ref

002360   PARSOYA M, MEHTA R S, AMETA R H K, KUMAR V, KUMAR P (Agronomy Dep, MJRP Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Effect of different inter cropping systems on nutrient uptake, yield and profitability in Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi Sprague) production. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 10-2.

A field experiment comprising 10 treatments viz., sole ajwain, sole french radish, sole knolkhol, sole fenugreek, ajwain intercropping with French radish, knolkhol and fenugreek in 1:1 and 2:2 row ratio was conducted in randomized block design with four replications during rabi season, 2016-17 at research farm of ICAR-NRCSS, Ajmer. Intercropping of ajwain with French radish in 1:1 row ratio resulted significantly higher land equivalent ratio (1.81), ajwain equivalent yield (3274 kg/ha), gross return (Rs.327388/- ha), net return (Rs.270238/- ha) and BCR (4.72) followed by intercropping of ajwain with french radish in 2:2 paired row ratio. Inclusion of legumes in intercropping system has impacted residual availability of nutrients after harvesting of ajwain. Intercropping of ajwain with fenugreek in 1:1 and 2:2 recorded significantly higher availability of residual N, P, and K after harvesting of crop. Thus, it is inferred that intercropping of ajwain with french radish in 1:1 row ratio is better for realizing higher yield and profitability but higher residual availability of N,P and K after harvesting of crop can be realized with intercropping of coriander and fenugreek in 1:1.

3 tables, 9 ref

002398   SINGH S H H, DUTTA S, SOUMIK D E, NARSIMAIAH L, SINHA K, PANDIT P, DUBEY A, MISHRA P, SAHU P K (Agricultural Statistics Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal) : Factors influencing selection of plant protection chemicals: A statistical appraisal. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 1-5.

Ever increasing population coupled with diminishing available land for agricultural purposes poses serious concern to the planners to meet the challenging demand for food and nutritional security. To boost the productivity from per unit use of natural resources per unit time plant protection chemicals are used. There is hue and cry about the indiscriminate and non-judicious use of such chemicals leading to environmental and health hazard. In this study an attempt has been made to study the farming groups in terms of their mode of selection of plant protection chemicals and the influencing factors. Based on information from 100 farm families from a selected agriculturally developed village the study reveals five distinct groups of farmers. Descriptive study of five groups reveals that most of the farmers (34%) are guided by the shopkeepers in selecting chemicals for plant protection. The correlation study along with Fisher's Discriminant Analysis reveals that age of the farmer, education, total land holding and cropping intensity are the major governing factors in group discrimination. Younger generation of farmers are tend to have better education to decide up on the plant protection chemicals mainly guided by brand of the chemicals and learning by doing; in the process they are able to minimise the agricultural expenditure to harvest better net return and savings from agriculture.

6 tables, 8 ref

001154   SUJATHA S, Aseela Devi P J, Beneesha V K, Geethu G S, Sona I S, Jibin M A, Sajith S K, Bedwin Tom K S (Malankara Catholic Coll, Mariaigiri - 629 153, Email: sujasukumar80@gmail.com) : Renovate the infertile rubber plantation soil to fertile soil through house hold agronomics wastes. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2019, 9(1), 213-20.

Soils normally play a major role in dictating the availability of nutrients to plants. The influence on this availability is primarily through the mineral reserves in the soil and the nutrients added to the soil. Chemically, soils contain different proportions of nutrients considered to be important for the rubber trees, viz. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Hence the present study framed the following objectives. Initially to study the physic-chemical characters of rubber plantation soil (Experimental soil-1) and mixture of agronomic wastes with rubber plantation soil (Experimental soil-2) quantitatively by soil analysis, secondly to investigated quality of these two soils through HPLC technique. From the result was showed that the rate also significantly reduced the percentage of seed germination (40 %) in rubber plantation soil, it was remarkably minimum level of growth efficiency denoted when compared with other two soils. Initially, prolonged period of germination also been observed in experimental soil -1 In addition, maximum root length was observed in mixture of agronomic waste with rubber plantation soil it was statistically significant at the level of 0.05 % but eight-fold decreased range of root length has been noticed in experimental-1 rubber plantation soil. Similarly, other four parameters like leaf length, number of leaves, stem length, and leaf breadth were drastically reduced when it compared with agronomic mixed and control soil. Among, the three experimental soils are clearly noticed which were oscillated or altered level (of the minimum to completely micro and macro elements are absent) in an essential and non-essential metal as well as proper nutrients also been absent for growth of many plants. The overall conclusion of this present study was clearly showed that when the major experimental soil scientifically analyzed, after five years of Rubber plantation soil drastically reduced the typical essential macro and microelements. So, no other crop plant was growing as a healthy in the same soil because important plant growth nutrients are totally reduced in the experimental soil-2.

2 illus, 4 tables, 45 ref

001123   JANGID G, MANDAL G, KUMARI U (Horticulture and Post-Harvest Technology Dep, Institute of Agriculture, Sriniketan, West Bengal) : Effect of nutrients on yield and chemical characteristics of Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) cv. Chakiya. J Med Plants Stud 2019, 7(1), 106-8.

The present investigation entitled on Effect of nutrients on yield and chemical characteristics of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) cv. Chakiya was carried out at Department of Horticulture and Post-Harvest technology, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal during the year 2016-17. The experiment was conducted over 27 trees which are Planted at spacing of 10m×10m having nine treatments consisting of various level of nutrients concentration [T₁ – Borax @0.25 %, T₂– Borax @0.50 %, T₃ – ZnSO₄ @0.40 %, T₄ – ZnSO₄ @0.60 %, T5 – Borax @0.25 %+ ZnSO₄ @0.40 %, T₆ – Borax @0.25 %+ ZnSO₄ @0.60 %, T₇ – Borax @0.50 %+ ZnSO₄ @0.40 %, T₈ – Borax @0.50 % + ZnSO₄ @0.60 %, T₉ – Control (water spray)] in RBD design with 3 replications. Foliar application of Borax (0.25 % and 0.50 %), ZnSO₄ (0.40 % and 0.60 %) and their combination were sprayed during the flowering and pea stage of the fruits. Among different dose of nutrient treatments, T₈- Borax @0.50 %+ Zinc @0.60 % were found significantly superior over other treatments with respect to fruit yield, acidity, ascorbic acid, total sugar, TSS and reducing sugar of the fruit.

1 table, 19 ref

001113   CASTRO-ENRÍQUEZ D-D , CASTILLO-ORTEGA M-M , ROMERO-GARCÍA J, RODRÍGUEZ-FÉLIX D-E, DÓRAME-MIRANDA R-F, TORRES-ARREOLA W, VARGAS-LÓPEZ J-M, BURRUEL-IBARRA S-E, RODRÍGUEZ-FÉLIX F (Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos Dep, Sonora Univ, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, Email: rodriguez_felix_fco@hotmail.com) : Development of microparticles from wheat glutenins by electrospray and potential application as controlled-release fertilizers. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 41.

Development of microparticles based on natural polymers has been of interest for researchers due to their applications, such as release systems. Currently, one of the problems presented by agriculture worldwide is the loss of fertilizers, i.e., urea, causing environmental pollution and high costs. The aim of this work was to develop microparticles of wheat glutenins by means of electrospray technique, with potential application as a urea controlled-release system in agricultural soils. The microparticles of wheat glutenins were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, a release kinetic test was performed to evaluate the possible behaviour of wheat-glutenin microparticles in agricultural soils with pH 4, 7 and 10, using buffers as the release medium. TGA indicated that microparticle stability was > 100$°$C, while FT-IR demonstrated the existence of physical interactions between urea and wheat glutenins. The kinetic tests showed the possible behaviour of the controlled-release fertilizer at pH 4, 7 and 10; rapid release at acidic pH and a decrease in release time at basic pH. With these results, we can conclude that the urea-charged wheat-glutenin microparticles can function as a controlled-release fertilizer in agricultural soils.

8 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

001149   SINGH S K, BINDAL S, SINGH A, SRIVASTAVA S (Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara, Punjab) : Combining ability effects for yield traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 281-3.

The present study was conducted to analyze the combining ability for yield and its contributing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice, being a staple food for more than 70 per cent of national population is the source of livelihood for 120-150 million rural households. The major objective of a plant breeder is to create genetic variability upto maximum extent possible in the existing germplasm because the genetic variability and combining ability estimates provide the basis for selection of suitable genotypes in any breeding programme. The combining ability effects, which are supposed to be manifestation of nonadditive components of genetic variance, are valuable for discrimination of superior crosses for their genetic worth as breeding materials. The estimates of combining ability of 39 crosses for 12 characters were analyzed during the experiment. Six crosses, NDRK 2011-18 x Gujarat 70, CSR 36 x CSR 43, Sarjoo 52 x Pusa Sugandha 4, NDRK 2011-19 x Pusa Sugandha 4, NDRK 2011-17 x CSR 43 and Sarjoo 52 x CSR 43 showed significant and positive combining ability effects for grain yield per plant as well as some other yield components. In general, the crosses showing significant and desirable combining ability effects were associated with better per se performance for the respective traits.

2 tables, 16 ref

001120   JAN N, KASHYAP S C (Biological Science Dep, SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Correlation and path analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for seed and seed vigour traits. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 222-6.

An experiment comprising thirty-five diverse genotypes of rice maintained at division of plant breeding and genetics of MRCFC, SKUAST-K, Khudwani was carried out to assess the nature and magnitude of association among different seed and seed vigour traits. Data on twelve seed and seedling characters was recorded and analysed statistically for correlation and path analysis. Association studies revealed that seedling length (mm), shoot length (mm), germination (%), root length (mm), seed breadth (mm) and 1000 seed weight (g) showed high and significant positive association with seed vigour index at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Seedling length (mm) and germination (%) showed highest direct positive effect on seed vigour index at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Hence, these traits should be given priority in rice improvement programme and keeping in mind the importance of seed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

001109   BASHA S J, MANJUNATH J, BAI P P, RAO C C (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh) : Response of bidi tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to foliar nutrition with nitrogen and potassium under rainfed conditions. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 205-7.

A field experiment was undertaken at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh during 2017-18 on vertisols under rainfed condition to study the response of bidi tobacco to supplemental nitrogen (N) and potassium (P) nutrient through foliar application. The treatments consisted of ten treatment combinations from three sources of nutrients (i.e. potassium nitrate (KNO₃), ammonium sulphate + sulphate of potash (SOP) and urea + SOP) and three intervals i.e. foliar spray at 45 days after transplanting (DAT), 60 DAT, 45 and 60 DAT. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated thrice. Cured leaf yield of bidi tobacco was significantly higher when foliar application of 2.5 % Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) twice at 45 and 60 DAT (1713 kg ha^-1) was at par with spraying of 2.5 % ammonium sulphate + SOP at 45 & 60 DAT (1606 kg ha^-1), 2.5 % ammonium sulphate + SOP at 60 DAT (1550 kg ha^-1), 2.5 % ammonium sulphate + sulphate of potash (SOP) at 45 DAT (1512 kg ha^-1), 2.5 % Urea + SOP at 45 & 60 DAT (1508 kg ha^-1) and 2.5 % with KNO₃ at 60 DAT (1503 kg ha^-1). Higher leaf length (50.4 cm) and leaf width (20.5 cm) was observed with foliar application of 2.5 % KNO₃ twice at 45 and 60 DAT. Higher net returns (Rs 89,265/ha) and BCR (2.87) was recorded with foliar application of 2.5 % KNO₃ twice at 45 and 60 DAT.

1 table, 15 ref

001112   BUDHLAKOTI V, JOSHI A, BHATT N (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, G B Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand) : Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation studies for yield and component traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 200-4.

The present study was conducted to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, broad sense heritability, genetic gain and correlations in rice during kharif season 2016-17 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. Thirteen rice genotypes along with their thirty F1 developed by using line × tester mating design were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications for yield and yield components namely days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height at maturity, numbers of tillers per plant, number of panicle per plant, panicle length number of grains per panicle, grain length, Grain width, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes were observed for all the characters under study which is essential to achieve crop improvement through selection. Highest GCV and PCV estimates was obtained for grain yield per plant. High Broad sense heritability and correspondingly high genetic advance was obtained for grain yield per plant and number of grains per panicle suggesting that selection for these character may be effective. Grain yield per plant showed positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic association with number of tillers per plant ( 0.749, 0.838), number of panicles per plant (0.784, 0.843), panicle length ( 0.479, 0.572) and number of grains per panicle (0.521, 0.543). 1000 grain weight (0.313) showed significant positive genotypic association with grain yield per plant therefore these characters can be used for grain yield selection.

4 tables, 20 ref

001151   SINGH Y V, DEY P, MEENA R N, VERMA S K, BHARTEEY P K (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Soil test based fertilizer prescription model under integrated plant nutrient management system for pea on alluvial soil. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 177-80.

Studies on Soil test Crop Response based Integrated Plant Nutrient Management System (STCR-IPNMS) were conducted for the desired yield targets of Pea, on alluvial soil of Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during rabi 2017. Testing of developed fertilizer prescription equation is necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of technology delivery to the stake holders in need. To assess the validation of fertilizer prescription a series of experiment was setup in four locations of eastern plain zone of Utter Pradesh. Soils of the selected location are analyzed initially for available N, P and K. Treatments include control, farmer practices, general recommended dose of fertilizer and STCR based fertilizer dose for an yield target of 15 and 20 q ha^-1 and STCR based fertilizer dose for an yield target of 17 and 22 q ha^-1 with 2 t ha^-1 FYM. The treatments were imposed and cultivation practices were carried out periodically and the grain yield was recorded at harvest. Using the data on grain yield and fertilizer doses applied, per cent increment in yield and benefit cost ratio (B:C) were worked out. The results of the experiments indicated that in all the four locations, the per cent achievement of the targeted yield was within ± 10 % variation proving the validity of the equations for prescribing integrated fertilizer doses for pea. The highest per cent increment in yield was recorded in the yield target of 22 q ha^-1 (49.13 per cent) followed by 17 q ha^-1 (34.00 per cent) over farmer’s practice. The highest mean grain yield was recorded in STCR-IPNMS–22 q ha^-1 (2175 kg ha^-1). The highest benefit: cost ratio (7.92) was recorded in STCR-IPNMS 22 q ha^-1 is followed by STCR-IPNMS 17 q ha^-1 (6.78). The fertilizer prescription equations developed for pea under IPNMS can be recommended for alluvial Inceptisol of eastern Utter Pradesh for achieving a yield target of 22 q ha^-1 with higher economic return.

4 tables, 14 ref

001140   RASHID U, AHMAD S M, MALIK H, RISHU J, RAJA N, YOUSUF D (Agriculture Extension and Communication Div, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir - 180 009) : Farmer’s knowledge and constraints in adoption of manures and fertilizers in rice. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 174-6.

The study on knowledge and constraints in adoption of recommended practices in rice crop was conducted during the year 2016. The sample of 160 farmers was drawn from randomly selected eight villages of four randomly selected blocks of Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir through stratified random sampling technique proportional to size. The study revealed that about 40 % of the respondents had poor knowledge of manures and fertilizers. Inadequate capital for purchase of manures and chemical fertilizers (45.00 %), non-availability of fertilizers at the time of sowing (53.12 %) and transplanting (43.12 %) of rice and lack of awareness about recommendations of SKUAST-Kashmir with respect to manures and chemical fertilizers (89.37 %) etc were some of the main constraints in adoption of manures and fertilizers in rice crop.

3 tables, 4 ref

001110   BHADRE C K, NARKHEDE W N, GOKHALE D N (Agronomy Dep, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Growth, yield and economics of soybean-safflower cropping sequence as influenced by different land configuration and nutrient management. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 169-73.

A field experiment was carried out during 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Department of Agronomy, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, to study the performance of soybean-safflower cropping sequence under different land configuration and nutrient management. Treatment consists of eighteen treatment combinations comprising three land configuration (L₁- flat beds, L₂- ridges and furrow and L₃- Broad bed furrow) and three superabsorbent levels (S₁- 0 Kg ha^-1 , S₂- 2.5 Kg ha^-1 and S₃- 5.0 Kg ha^-1 ) in main plot, two nutrient levels i.e., N₁ - 30:60:30 NPK kg ha^-1 + 5 t FYM ha^-1 and N₂ - 30:60:30:30 NPKS kg ha^-1 + 20 kg Zn SO₄ + 5 t FYM ha^-1 to soybean and N₁ - 40:20:0 NPK kg ha^-1 and N₂ - 30:15:0 NPK kg ha^-1 to safflower during kharif and rabi seasons respectively as sub plot treatments were assigned in a split plot design with three replication. Broad bed furrows planting method with the application of 30:60:30:30 NPKS kg ha^-1 + 20 kg Zn SO₄ + 5 t FYM ha^-1 to soybean and 40:20:0 NPK kg ha^-1 to safflower during kharif and rabi seasons respectively, recorded significantly higher growth, yield and yield attributes as well as net monetary returns during both the year of study.

2 tables, 29 ref

001155   Vara PRASAD K V G K, Rama Rao G (Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural Univ, Andhra Pradesh - 522 034) : Various plant’s responses and strategies to cope with the water deficit: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 159-68.

When plants themselves get exposed to water stress especially water deficit, plants have to face the negative consequences on their morpho-physiological traits in various ways. In the light of Climate Change phenomenon across the world, drought is the most frequently occurring natural disaster in the tropical regions especially in the arid and semi-arid belts and substantially decline the yield of crops. Plants too have evolved various strategies at morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels to encounter other abiotic stresses as well. Some species are better able to adapt than others and various anatomical, structural and biochemical mechanisms account for acclimation. Therefore, this review is confined to effect of water stress i.e., deficit stress on the plants and the mechanism of drought resistance in plants on a morphological, physiological and molecular basis and also on recent studies which suggest that changes in gene expression at the level of transcriptional and translational control of protein synthesis are involved ^[1] .

85 ref

001139   RASHID U, AHMAD S M, MALIK H, FAYAZ S, RAJA N, YOUSUF D (Agriculture Extension and Communication Div, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir) : Adoption of manure and fertilizers in rice nursery: A study of Baramulla District of J&K. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 153-4.

The study conducted on a random sample of 160 rice growers of Baramulla district of Jammu & Kashmir revealed that a majority of respondents (52 %) had applied recommended doses of urea. Those who had applied recommended doses of Diammonium Phosphate were about 38 percent and an equal percentage of them were found to apply Muriate of Potash in their rice nursery.

4 tables, 5 ref

001115   DESHMUKH H S, CHAWHAN R G, BRAMHANKAR V W (Agril Dep, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra) : Effect of season and sowing dates on growth and development traits of soybean. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(1), 149-52.

The present investigation was undertaken for analyzing the effect of different season and sowing dates on growth and development traits of soybean. Soybean was sown in three season viz. Kharif, Rabi and summer. The four sowing dates in each season were used as main treatments whereas varieties Phule Agrani (V₁), JS-335 (V₂) and KS-103 (V₃) were used as sub treatments. The present investigation was carried out at Post Graduate Institute, Department of Agricultural Botany, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar (M.S.) during 2015-2016. In the experiment, observations viz. days to 1^st flower bud, days to 1^st flower, days to 50 % flowering, days to 1^st pod set, days to pod maturity and days to maturity were recorded. Results revealed that all the characters were significantly affected by sowing dates, varieties and their interaction effect in Kharif, Rabi and summer season. The lowest days required for maturity in summer were recorded in the crop sown on 15^th February (84 days) followed by 1^st October in Rabi season (84 days) and July 15^th in Kharif season (100 days). Variety JS-335 (V₂) required lowest days to maturity in Kharif and summer season whereas Variety KS-103 took less days to maturity in Rabi season, irrespective of sowing dates.

1 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref