009037   Jagatheeswari J (P.G. Dep of Zool, T.S.R. & T.B.K. PG Coll, Srinagar, Gajuwaka, Visakhapatnam - 530 026) : Biochemical changes induced by pesticide-phosalone in Cyprinus carpio (Linn.). J Aquatic Biol 2005, 20(1), 123-5.

The study investigates the effect of pesticide phosalone on some biochemical estimations such as protein, carbohydrate and lipid levels in Cyprinus carpio. The protein, carbohydrate and lipid levels of muscle, liver and intestine seemed to decrease with increasing concentrations of phosalone (0.0002, 0.0003 and 0.0004 ppm) in 2,4 and 6th days.

1 table, 7 ref

009036   Haider A A;Shujauddin (Ent Sect Dep of Zool, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : A new species of the genus Testudobracon from India. Indian J Ent 2004, 66(Part I), 95-6.

^ssc1 ref

009035   Gilles S;Zamora L;Amiel C;Nunez Rodriguez J (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Laboratoire GAMET, BP 5095, 34033 Montpellier cedex 01, France) : Comparative study of reproductive chacteristics of the euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii in fresh and sea waters. J Aquacult Trop 2004, 19(4), 277-84.

Reproduction characteristics of the euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, in fresh and sea water were studied. Absolute and relative fecundities are not significantly different, the density of eggs remains stable, on the other hand, the size and consequently the weight of eggs is significantly lower in sea water. The effects of stress are more important in seawater and had as a consequence a higher mortality of the parents and a lower number of consecutive spawns collected. The aggressiveness of the parents was increased in both environments due to fish couple isolation.

1 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

009034   Gebeyehu G M;Saad C R;Kamarudin M.S;Halim R A;Alimon R A (NO, Fish & Other Aquatic Resources Res Cent, P.O. Box 794, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia) : Effect of inceusion level of Gliricidia sepium, Jacquin leaf meal on growth and feed utilization in the diet of mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus peters. J Aquacult Trop 2004, 19(4), 267-76.

Six experimental diets containing 0%, 10%, 25%, 40%, 50% and 88% Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GSLM) were evaluated using tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). One factor completely randomized design (CRD) was performed in triplicate. After 70 days of feeding, data obtained showed that on the basis of feed'intake, fish survival, specific growth rate, daily weight gain as well as protein efficiency ratio, diets containing up to 40% G. sepium leaf meal performed significantly better than the other treatments (p<60> 0.05). This result strongly suggests that G. sepium leaf meal can be included up to 40% of the total Tilapia diet without hampering the growth performance and feed utilization. Incorporating G. sepium leaf meal more than this level may hamper growth of Tilapia.

2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

009033   Elizabeth B;Aguilar R O (Univ of the Philippines in the Visayas, Coll of Fish and Ocean Sci Inst of Aquaculture, Miag ao, Iloilo, Philippines, Email: bethurmaza@yahoo.com) : Growth performance of saline-tolerant tilapia produced from cross combinations of various tilapia species. J Aquacult Trop 2005, 20(1), 11-27.

Crossbreeding of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) strains of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GI) and Egypt (EG) with saline-tolerant species of O. mossambicus (Peters) (OM) and red tilapia (RT) was conducted to produce quality seeds for saline environment. One male to two female breeders were paired in a 1 m³ fine mesh breeding nets set in a 1000 m² freshwater pond to produce fry/fingerlings. After gradual acclimation to salinity increase of 5 ppt per day, the progenies were reared in circular tanks with saline water of 15-20 ppt for 90 days to evaluate the growth performance. Results showed that there were significant differences (P <60> 0.05) in the growth performance of the progenies from all cross combinations. Crossbreds which demonstrated good performance were from the cross combinations of RT male x Gl (female), Gl (female) x OM (male) and EG (female) x OM (male). Parental species influence on the growth of the progenies was evident in the high interaction effects (P <60> 0.01) of the dam and sire species. The EG and RT species as dams and Gl, OM and RT as sires appeared to produce quality progenies adaptable to the saline environment. Positive estimates of heterosis were shown in the body weights of the progenies from the reciprocal crosses of EG (female) x OM (male), RT (female) x Gl (male), RT (female) x OM (male) and Gl (female) x OM (male) implying that crossbreeding improved the growth performance of these progenies in the saline environment. Reciprocal effect was present in the crosses of: EG (female) x OM (male) and RT (male) x Gl (male) for body weights; and Gl (female) x OM (male) for survival rate suggesting improved performance of the respective dams in the saline environment. This work could provide valuable information in developing genetically improved tilapia for aquaculture in brackishwater and marine areas in the Philippines.

4 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

009032   Deshmukh S V;Kulkarni K M (Dep of Higher Educ, Government of Maharashtra Amaravati Div, Amravati-444 603) : Effect of cadmium chloride on gonads of the fish Channa orientalis (Sch.). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2005, 10(1), 239-45.

Cadmium chloride exposed C. orientalis showed retardation of gonadal maturation and brought about retardation in testicular activities and degeneration of testes. The testicular size decreases, spermatogenic cells became atrophic i.e. spermatogonia and spermatocytes lost their characteristics and reduced in number while interstitial cells showed hypertrophied nature.

2 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

009031   Deshmukh S V;Kulkarni K M (Dep of Higher Educ, Government of Maharashtra, Amaravati Division, Amravati-444 603) : Chemical impact on the hlstological studies of thyroid in the freshwater fish channa orientalis (sch.). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2005, 10(1), 203-11.

Thiourea treated thyroid gland showed sign of hyperactivity (increase in height of follicular eptithelium), hypofunction (non vavuolated colloid) and drastic atrophic changes (fibrosis and cyst formation) were also observed during the toxicological study.

2 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

009030   Chitra K;Seenivasan P;Vinodhini C;Janardhan V (Sri Ramchandra Coll of Pharmacy, SRMC&RI, (DU), Porur, Chennai-600 116) : Drug profile - fenoverine - an antispasmodic agent. Antiseptic 2005, 102(3), 117-19.

4 illus, 22 ref

009029   Chandra S (P.G. Dep of Zool, B.S.N.V. Coll, Lucknow-226 001) : Variations in serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase levels in freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. Biol Memo 2004, 30(2), 112-14.

Seasonal alterations in serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (S OT) levels in freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus have been recorded in different months of the year with maximum value (71.61+10.80 units/100 ml) in July and minimum (25.52+4.32 units/100 ml) in January. The changes may be ascribed to factors like temperature, sexual cycle, activity of the fish and availability of food to the fish.

1 table, 25 ref

009028   Balla M;Ramamurthy T (Dep of Microbiology, KMC, Manipal, Karnataka, Email: Mamatha_98@yahoo.com) : Enteroaggregative Ecsherichia coli diarrhoea in Manipal. Indian Pediat 2005, 42(7), 722-3.

^ssc1 table, 5 ref

009027   Anusuya D;Prakash D J;Christy I (Post Grad Dep of Zool, Voorhees Coll, Vellore-632 001) : Histological alterations in tadpoles of Bufo melanosictus, exposed to a sublethal concentration of chromium. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2005, 10(1), 183-6.

Effect of sublethal concentration of heavy metal chromium (0.2 ppm) on tadpoles of Bufo melanostictus was studied. Results reveal extensive histological abnormalities in the internal gills, intestine, liver and eye of tadpoles exposed to chromium, in control tadpoles, showing the severity of chromium toxicity.

28 ref

009026   Anusuya D;Prakash D J (Post Grad and Res Dep of Zool, Voorhees Coll, Vellore-632 001) : A study on protiens during the postnatal development of brain in rat, Rattus norvegicus. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2005, 10(1), 261-2.

Protein fractions are important for memory related function in the brain. The study on rats during postnatal developmental period shows considerable variations in different parts of the brain at various ages. This is related to the maturity of the brain and functional abilities.

^ssc18 ref

009025   Anita;Chaubeya K (Nematol Laboratory Dep of Zool, C.C.S. Univ, Meerut-250 004, Email: kumar_ac2001@rediffmail.com) : Impact of organic matter on the population dynamics of Hemicriconemoides mangiferae infesfing Mangifera indica. Biol Memo 2004, 30(2), 108-11.

Organic matter in the soil has detrimental effects on the population of Hemicriconemoides mangiferae at different depths and distances around the roots of mango plant (Mangifera indica). The regression analyses of pooled phytonemas showed a negative correlation between soil organic matter and H. mangiferae population, except at 0.0-20.0 (P<62>0.687), 20.0-40.0 cm (P<62>0.585) depths and 60 cm distance during 2000-2001. A significant positive correlation was observed at 0.0-20.0 cm depth (P<62>0.418) and at 30 cm distance during 2001-2002, where the organic matter was found to be least effective.

6 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

009024   Anant Kumar;Yadav R K;Akela B P (Dep of Zool, Adarsh Coll, Ghailarh-Jiwachpur, Madhepura-852 113) : Effect of dap toxicity on certain hemato logical parameters of Acridtheres tristis. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2005, 10(1), 109-12.

The effect of diammonium phosphate a chemical fertillizer led to significant decrease in haemoglobin content and packed cells volume of Acridotheres tristis. Fertilizer toxicity caused neutrophilia lymphocytopaenia, monocytopaenia, eosinophilia upto 1000 ppm but thereafter reverse trend was observed in 1500 ppm DAP treatment. The fall in the haemoglobin content was due to hypochrpmatic microcytic anaemia which in turn was due to decreased utilization of haemoglobin synthesis on the application of DAP toxicity.

1 table, 16 ref

009023   Agrawal N;Vishwakarma P;Devak A;Srivastava A (Dep of Zool, Univ of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007) : Two new species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 (Monogenea : Dactylogyridae) from leiognathid fish. Biol Memo 2004, 30(2), 67-71.

Two new species of monogeneans (H. daurai n. sp. and H. rameshwarensis n.sp.) belonging to the genus Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 from Leiognathus daura (Cuvier), a leiognathid fish caught from near Rameshwaram (Tamilnadu) has been presented. They are characterized by the structure of hard parts.

15 illus, 8 ref

009022    (NO, , ) : Why is homopterophagous butterfly, Spalgis epius (Westwood Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) amyrmecophilous?. Curr Sci 2005, 89(2), 245-6.

2 illus, 15 ref

007974   Thulsi Rao K;Ghate H V;Sudhakar M;Maqsood Javed S M;Siva Rama Krishna I (Ecological Res Monit Laboratories, Nallamalai Hill Ranges, Eastern Ghats, Project Tiger Circle, Email: thulsirao@yahoo.co.in) : Fauna of Protected Areas - 22. Updated checklist of praying mantid species (Insecta: Mantodea) from Nagarjunasagar Sirisailam -Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1905-7.

3 ref

007973   Tandon V;Imkongwapang R;Prasad P K (Dep Zoology, , Shillong, Meghalaya-793 022, Email: tandonveena@hotmail.com) : On two new species of the trematode genera, Opisthioparorchis wang, 1980 and Batrachotrema dollfus and williams, 1966 (Batrachotrematidae), with a report of a chinese species of Opisthioparorchis from anuran amphibian hosts in India. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1883-7.

Examination of small samples of three species of anuran frogs (Amolops afghanus, Rana liebigii and R. khare) originating in Nagaland (northeastern India) revealed three species of trematodes, two of them being new to science. These include Batrachotrema nagalandensis sp. nov. (type host A. afghanus), Opisthioparorchis indica sp. nov. (type host A. afghanus and O. yunnanse Li, 1996. This is the first record of their respective genera in India. The distinguishing features of B. nagalandensis sp. nov. are - testes located in the middle third of the body, and long cirrus sac extending posteriorly beyond the ventral sucker. O. indica sp. nov. is distinguished by having oral and ventral suckers of almost equal size, intestinal caeca extending beyond the ventral sucker up to the anterior border of testes, the genital pore at the level of the oral sucker and vitellaria confluencing medially in the pre and post testicular regions. Kohima (Nagaland) and Rana liebigii form a new locality and new host record, respectively, for O. yunnanse.

9 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

007972   Singh V K;Dixit P;Saxena P N (Toxicol lab Dep Zool, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Amedkar University, Agra-282 002, Email: dr_pnsaxena@yahoo.com) : Cybil induced hepatobiochemical changes in wistar rats. J envir Biol 2005, 26(4), 725-7.

Cybil, 25%EC formulation of Cypermethrin, induces biochemical changes in the liver of wistar rats after oral intubation of the same at acute (one day) and subacute (7, 14 and 21 days) levels. The changes were tallied with the controls run simultaneously. LD₅₀ of Cybil was estimated to be 622 mg/kg body weight. The acute dose is 80 mg/kg body weight exposed for one day i.e. 24 hours and subacute dose is 4mg/kg body weight exposed for 7, 14 and 21 days. When compared with the control values, both the doses enhanced the level of glycogen, cholesterol, total lipid and acid phosphatase activities, while decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase. Alterations in glycogen, cholesterol, total lipid, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase resulted in the impairement in liver physiology.

1 table, 22 ref

007971   Sharma S K (NO, Phulwari Wildlife Sanctuary, Kotra, Udaipur-307 023) : Presence of Indian Palm Squirrel, Funambulus palmarum linnaeus in Southern Aravallis. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1908-9.

1 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

007970   Sharma P;Mohan L;Srivastava C N (Appl Ent Vector Control Lab Dep Zool Fac Sci, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005, Email: chandnarayan_dei@rediffmail.com) : Larvicidal potential of Nerium indicum and Thuja oriertelis extracts against malaria and Japanese encephalitis vector. J envir Biol 2005, 26(4), 657-60.

Ethanolic and acetone extracts of Nerium indicum and Thuja orientelis have been studied against III instar larvae of Anopheles Stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Ethanolic extract of N. indicum is found more effective than its acetone extract against anopheline larvae with LC₅₀ values of 185.99 and 148.05 ppm for former and 229.28 and 149.43 ppm for the later after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure. The acetone extract with LC₅₀ values of 209.00 and 155.97 ppm is more effective in case of culicine larvae than its ethanolic extract with LC₅₀ 494.07 and 194.49 ppm after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. Ethanolic extract of T. orientelis is more effective against both the larval species with LC₅₀ values of 13.10 and 9.02 ppm after 24 and 48 hours for anopheline and 22.74 and 16.72 ppm against culicine larvae. The acetone extract showed LC₅₀ values of 200.87 and 127.53 ppm against anopheline and 69.03 and 51.14 ppm against culicine larvae. Thus ethanolic extract of T. orientelis is an ideal potential larvicide for both types of mosquito larvae.9

2 tables, 18 ref

007969   Senthilkumar K;Thirumurugan R;Khan P N (NO, Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Vandalur-600 048) : Chemical immobilization of grant's zebra Equus Burchelli boehmi for examination and treatment of lameness. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1914.

4 ref

007968   Saxena P N;Gupta Y K;Kaushalendra Kumar (Dep Zool Sch Life Sci, , Khandari Campus, Dr B.R. Ambedkar University) : Alterations in liver and blood carbohydrate levels in house sparrow (Passer domesticus) (Linnaeus) following mexacarbate intoxication. Indian J Envir Toxicol 2004, 14(2), 82-5.

Effect of mexacarbate insecticide on liver weight, liver glycogen and blood glucose in Passer domesticlis at different toxic levels, acute (15 mg/kg b. wt) and sub-acute (1 mg/kg b. wt/day), has been investigated. A significant increase in liver weight has been observed after acute (1 day) and sub-acute (10 and 15 days) treatments. Simultaneously, reduction in liver glycogen content, along with enhancement in blood glucose, has also been observed after both the treatments. Increase in liver weight may be attributed to pathophysiological changes affecting liver function. Decrease in liver glycogen and increase in blood glucose could be due to the anorexia and laboured breathing which can contribute to increased glycogenolysis.

1 table, 21 ref

007967   Rajagopal T;Sevarkodiyone S P;Manimozhi A (Post-Graduate Res Dep Zool, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College Sivakasi- 626 124, , Email: deer_raj@yahoo.co.in) : Ant diversity in some selected localitles of Sattur taluk, Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1887-8.

1 table, 12 ref

007966   Prakash A;Bhattacharya D R;Mohapatra P K; Mahanta J (Regional Med Res Cent NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Post Box no. 105, Dibrugarh-786 001, Email: icmrrcdi@hub.nic.in) : Potential of Anopheles philippinensis-nivipes complex mosquitoes as malaria vector in north-east India. J envir Biol 2005, 26(4), 719-23.

Anopheles philippinensis-nivipes complex mosquitoes, captured in outdoor human landing catches and light traps in human dwellings from four different sites in Assam state and adjoining areas, were examined (n=1670) for the presence of circumsporozoite antigen (CSA) through enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), using species specific capture monoclonal antibodies, of Plasmodium falciparum and two plasmodium vivax polymorphs (Pv 210 and VK 247). In ELISA, 28 pools were found positive for CSA that accounted for minimum sporozoite rate of 1.7% (95% Cl 1.11-2.41). Twenty five percent (7/28) of the positive pools were reactive for P. falciparum and between the two polymorphs of P. vivax, VK 247 was predominant with 77% (20/26) of all P. vivax positive pools. Results were suggestive of most likely involvement of Anopheles philippinensis-nivipes complex mosquitoes in malaria transmission in north-east lndia.

1 table, 23 ref

007965   Pati S G;Talmale S S (Zool Surv India, , Sector 29, Vidyanagar, Rawat Road, P.C.N.T. Post, Pune-411 044) : Land and freshwater mollusca of Maharashtra state. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1912-13.

1 table, 22 ref

007964   Park B K;Park S S (Dep Envir Sci Engng, Ewha Womans University, 11-1, Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-750, South Korea, Email: ssp@ewha.ar.kr) : Effects of stream hydraulic conditions on foraging strategies of false dace, Pseudorasbora parva, in the lentic ecosystem. J envir Biol 2005, 26(4), 635-43.

Effects of current velocity on the foraging behavior of false dace, Pseudorasbora parva, were examined in a zero velocity (stagnant) condition, and at four flow rates (5, 7, 11 and 16 cm per second). In stagnant water, the fish displayed a cruise-searching pattern, but they used a drift-feeding foraging tactic in flowing water. The shape of the transverse field of reaction field was elliptical in the stagnant condition, whereas their downward regions were restricted under the flowing conditions. The fish had a blind spot oriented directly in front of their reaction field. Although the relative swimming speed (with considering the against current velocity) increased with increasing flow velocity, the absolute search speed (ignore the against current velocity) showed about 1.2 fish body length per second at stagnant water and low flow velocity. The results of feeding rates showed stop-and wait (drift-feeding) foraging strategy is more efficient in flowing water because prey drift directly towards the fish and prey easily detected.

5 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

007963   Kulkarni R S (Fish Endocrinology Res Unit Dep Zool, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585 109, Email: raghavendrakulkarni@rediffmail.com) : Changes in tissue cholesterol and serum cortisol level during four reproductive phases of the male freshwater fish Notopterus notopterus. J envir Biol 2005, 26(4), 701-04.

Tissue cholesterol and serum cortisol changes during four reproductive phases has been studied in the freshwater fish Notopterus notopterus of male sex during four phases, preparatory (January-March), prespawning (April-May), spawning (August-September) and post spawning (November-December). The cholesterol content of the testis and liver increased during preparatory phase and maximum content of cholesterol was during spawning phase. The serum cortisol estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA ) technique which indicated that the level of the hormone was high during pre-spawning and spawning phases compared to other two phases. The increase in cholesterol during preparatory and spawning phases may be because of increase in cortisol synthesis needed for testicular growth and spermetogenesis during these phases. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) also increased during these phases.

1 table, 26 ref

007962   Kler T K (Dept. Zool Fish, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana) : Endangered status of birds of prey in agricultural habitats. Pestology 2005, 29(9), 26-9.

Sixty-four species belonging to 11 orders and 29 families were recorded during the ornithological survey carried out in the crop fields in six districts between Sept. 2001 to Sept. 2003. Seven species of 'birds of prey' belonging to order Falconiformes and four species of owls belonging to order Strigiformes were identified. The population abundance of the kites, falcons, owls and vultures was found to be extremely low. Habitat degradation and food chain poisoning are considered the main threats to most species of concern. Comprehensive efforts and recovery plans are needed for downlisting the 'birds of prey' from endangered status.

1 Plate, 18 ref

007961   Kamalavenkatesh P;Vairamuthu S;Balachandran C;Murali Manohar B (Dep Vet Path, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007) : Ultrastructural changes induced by mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid and T₂, toxin in liver of broiler chicken. Indian J Envir Toxicol 2004, 14(2), 75-7.

Study has assessed the effect of feeding diets containing cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and T₂ toxin at the levels of 10 and 1 ppm, respectively on ultrastructure of liver in broiler chicken from 0 to 28 days of age. Hepatocytes of CPA-treated birds have revealed dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, degranulation and swollen mitochondria with disappearance of cristae. Hepatocytes of T₂ toxin treated birds have showed distended rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria with indistinct cristae. In combined toxin-fed birds, hepatocytes have revealed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum with degranulation, mitochondrial swelling and disappearance of cristae. Nuclei have revealed variations in the shape and indentations of the nuclear membrane. Thus, it has been concluded that CPA and T₂ both individually and in combination induce marked pathological changes in organelles of pepatocutes in broiler chicken.

2 illus, 7 ref

007960   Kalaichelvan T;Verma K K (Maitri Baag Zoo, Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai-490 006, Email: tkchelvan@rediffmail.com) : Life history and biology of Lema semifulva JAC. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae) at Bhilai Durg. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1896-8.

Life-history, including three larval instars, pupa formation within a cocoon, adult leaving the cocoon, after spending sometime within it so that it is fully pigmented when coming out, has been described. In addition, winter diapause, seasonal change of host plant, association with other species of Lema and niche separation have been presented.

5 illus, 11 ref

007959   Davey G (Psychology Dep, University of Bolton, Dean Road BL3 5AB, United Kingdom, Email: garethdavey@excite.com) : The "visitor effect". Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1900-03.

Although negative visitor behaviours can cause distress or even death to zoo animals, research has shown that the mere presence of people at a zoo exhibit is associated with animal stress. The aim of the paper is to review existing research about these visitor effects. Research to date has shown that the presence, density, activity levels, size and proximity of visitors are all associated with behavioural changes in captive animals. However, almost all studies have investigated behavioural changes in primates and more emphasis is needed on studying a wider range of animal groups and stress indicators. There is also scope for integrating existing work with other areas of zoo audience research. Possible solutions to help zoos counteract visitor effects are offered.

1 table, 44 ref

007958   Bhuyan M;Bhattacharyya P R;Kanjilal P B (Div Pl Sci Ecology, Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat-785 006, Email: pranabramb@yahoo.com) : Butterflies of the regional research laboratory campus, Jorhat, Assam. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1910-11.

3 tables, 14 ref

007957   Bhattacharya L (Sch Stud Zool, Vikram University, Ujjain-456 010) : Alterations in weights of foetuses and dams in Swiss albino mice due to mercuric chloride and their recovery by ashwagandha and EPL. Indian J Envir Toxicol 2004, 14(2), 65-9.

Recovery function of "Essentials Phospholipids" (EPL) and Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) on mercury-induced alterations in weights of foetuses and dams in mice have been investigated. The animals were treated with 0.5 ppm aqueous mercuric chloride for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days. For the recovery, 175 mg of EPL and 35 mg of ashwagandha were administered to mice (already treated with HgCl₂) for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days. Daily treatment of HgCl₂, for 7, 14 and 21 days could decrease the weights of foetuses and dams. Simultaneous administration of EPL and ashwagandha has significantly recovered the weights of foetuses and dams. It appears that the protective effect of EPL and ashwagandha against HgCl₂-induced weight alterations is mediated through antioxidative action of EPL and ashwagandha. Withania somnifera is popularly known as Indian Ginseng and its withanoid content causes higher gain in body weight, whereas dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine content of EPL has revealed high affinity with lipid contents of blood which consequently could increase adipose tissues of body.

3 tables, 16 ref

007956   Andrews M I;George S;Joseph J (Zool Dep., Mar Thoma College, Tiruvalla-689 103, Email: mipeandrews@yahoo.co.in) : Amphibian fauna of Kerala. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(6), 1889-95.

Diversity, evenness, richness, ecological distribution, niche breadth and niche overlap of amphibian assemblages in the protected areas of Kerala were determined. The amphibian assemblages studied in all the protected areas showed high diversity in composition and distribution of species. The study of species distribution indicates the presence of highly organised natural communities. The amphibian communities at these areas show greater ecological similarity among coexisting species. The amphibian assemblage was composed of some abundant species together with rare specialists. This pattern indicates that the protected areas are undergoing natural succession towards accommodating rare species along with the common species by gradually occupying the niche hyperspace available.

2 tables, 19 ref

006914   Xavier A;Haq M A;Ramani A (Zool Dep, Government Arts & Sci Coll, Calicut-673018, Email: puthusery@sify.com) : Description of two new species of haplacarus (Acari: Oribatei) from Malabar, Kerala, India. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(8), 1948-51.

Two new species of Haplacarus viz., H. xavieri and H. davisi, belonging to the family Lohmanniidae are described from Malabar, Kerala

14 illus, 3 ref

006913   Vishwanath W;Darshan A (Life Sci Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795003, Email: vnath54@yahoo.co.in) : A new catfish species of the genus sisor hamilton (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from Manipur, India. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(8), 1952-54.

New catfish of the genus Sisor Hamilton is described from the Barak River, a tributary of Brahmaputra River drainage in Manipur, India. Sisor barakensis spp. nov. differs from its closest congeners, chennuah Ng, in having larger eye (14.6-16.7% HL vs 9.9-11.4), narrower interorbital distance (16.0-19.8% HL vs 22.1-22.7), deeper body at anus (6.3-7.2% SL vs 5.6-5.8), longer dorsal spine (10.5-14.3% SL vs 7.9-9.5) and pectoral spine (18.6-20% vs. 16.9-18.2) length, deeper caudal peduncle (2.2-2.3% SL vs 1.4-1.6) and more number of serrations (15-21 vs 10) on posterior the edge of pectoral spine.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

006912   Verma M A;Khan R S;Tripathi R;Sharma U D (Prawn Res Cent Dep Zool, Univ of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226 007) : Heavy metal toxicity to fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium dyanum (Crustacea - Decapoda). Aquacult 2005, 6(1), 57-62.

Static bioassay experiments were carried out to evaluate LC₅₀ values of Mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride to fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium dayanum. LC50 values of mercuric chloride for 24, 48, 72 & 96 hr were 0.16, 0.15, 0.14 & 0.13 mg/l and of cadmium chloride were 0.24, 0.19, 0.17 & 0.15 mg/l respectively. Animals showed hyperactivity, loss of balance, mucous coating in both the toxicants, while blackening of gills, body parts and appendages was observed only in cadmium chloride exposure. Order of toxicity in both the metals was HgCl₂<62>>CdCl₂H₂O.

1 table, 59 ref

006911   Topashka-Ancheva M;Teodorova S E (Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst of Zool Bd. Tzar Osvoboditel 1, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria) : Comparative analysis of the toxic action of two industrial mixtures on laboratory mice. Res J Chem Envir 2005, 9(3), 22-9.

Two types of polymetal industrial dusts, ferrous and non-ferrous, were studied as representative of emissions to the environment and their toxic effects on laboratory mice were compared. Animal responses to both mixtures showed an essential difference depending on the mixture chemical composition and on metal concentrations. The levels of Cd and Pb were high in non-ferrous dust and relatively low in ferrous one. The ferrous mixture contained however, other metals in toxic concentrations as Al, Ni, Mn. The polymetal dusts, emitted from the industrial plants, were mixed with conventional animal food. White mice BALB/c were exposed to non-ferrous dust but white mice ICR - to ferrous dust, containing 10 and 12 times less Pb and Cd, respectively, significant alterations of the chromosome status, hematopoiesis and body weight gain of the laboratory mice were observed. In BALB/c mice chromosomal aberration frequency was an average of 2.5 times higher and breaks were of 4.6 times higher compared with those in ICR mice. Significant differences in RBC number, hematocrit, and mean body weight between BALB/c and ICR mice were established after day 60. Significant decreases of thymidine and mitotic indices (about 3 times) were observed in exposed ICR mice. No dependence was established between the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and duration of the exposure.

6 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

006910   Sushil Kumar;Ahmad M (Agric Expl Stn, Gujarat Agric Univ, Paria, Valsad-396 145) : Field biology of rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros L. on oilpalm under South Gujarat condition. Indian J For 2005, 28(1), 63-8.

Seasonal biology of rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros L. on Oil palm was studied in manure pits under field conditon during January-November 2000 (Period I), February-November 2000 (Period II), March- November 2000 (Period 111), April 2000-February 2001 (Period IV) and May 2000-January 2001 (Period V). Females laid 5 to 52 eggs singly at a depth of 9.72 cm in the moistened manure pits. The incubation period ranged from 6.75 to 11.60 days duration of first, second and third instar grubs varied from 18.40 to 27.20, 16 to 20.40 and 134 to 149.20 days, respectively. The total larval period (168.40 to 193.40 days), pre-pupal, (7.20 to 6.20 days) and pupal period (15.60 to 33 days) was also found varied. Before emergence, beetle rests or remains inactive inside the cocoon for 9.20 to 15.80 days. The rate of successful adult emergence ranged from 83.39 to 90.63 per cent . The sex ratio however, varied from 1:1.12 to 1: 1.46 with slight predominance of females. The average longevity of adult varied from 54.60 to 72.20 days for male and 51 .80 to 69.40 days for female. Pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods ranged from 26.40 to 42.80, 11 to 14.60 and 10.80 to 18.40 days, respectively. The total life of male and female varied from 271.20 to 324.80 and 268.20 to 322 days, respectively.

2 tables, 20 ref

006909   Srinivasulu;Srinivasulu C (Wildlife Biol Sect Zool Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500007, Email: bharisrini@yahoo.co.in) : Diet of the black-bearded tomb bat Taphzous melanopogon Temminck, 1841 (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) in India. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(8), 1935-8.

Dietary composition of the Black-bearded Tomb Bat Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841 (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) from two different habitats was analyzed following faecal pellet analysis method. Representatives of 11 insect orders and spiders (Araneidae) contributed to the diet. Forest bats fed on 1-9 insect orders and araneids indicating opportunistic feeding behaviour, while the semi-urban bats fed on 3-8 insect orders and araneids indicating selective feeding behaviour. Although both the forest bats and semi-urban bats fed on the same spectrum of insect prey they showed differential use of them. Forest bats fed predominately on Coleoptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera. Orthoptera, Odonata and Araneidae, while the semi-urban bats preferred Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Araneidae and Homoptera. Variation in terms of consumption of a particular kind of insect prey between the sexes was evident only among the semi urban bats only with respect to the most significant prey items coleopterans, lepidopterans and dipterans.

1 illus, 1 tables, 16 ref

006908   Singh A K;Anup Kumar;Singh I J;Ram R N (Coll Fishery Sci, G.B. Pant Univ of Agric and Technol, Pantnagar-263 145) : Seasonal ovarian cycle in freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Ham.) in Tarai region of Uttaranchal. J envir Biol 2005, 26(3), 557-65.

Seasonal ovarian cycle, based on histophysiological changes, and correlative variations in liver were studied in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita reared in captivity under ambient environmental conditions in Tarai region of Uttaranchal. The oocyte features used for marking ovarian cycle included nuclear-ooplasmic ratio, yolk vesicle incorporation into ooplasm, number and sizeof nucleolus and differentiation of follicular layer. Based on these features the ovarian cyclein L. rohita was divided into five phases i.e. resting, preparatory, pre-spawning, spawning andpost-spawning / regression. The resting and preparatory phases were characterized by the dominating presence of chromatin-nucleolar and yolk-vesicle stage oocytes. The pre-spawning phase ovary was marked by the prevalence of yolk globule stage oocytes having cortical alveoli and differentiating follicular wall. The oocytes containing densely packed yolk-granules and large masses of yolk vesicles and also exhibiting germinal vesicle movement (GVM) signified the ovary of spawning phase. The ovary in regression phase contained pre-ovulatory atretic oocytes and significant number of oogonia. The histophysiological changes in liver showing augmented biosyntheticactivity during preparatory and pre-spawning phases seemed well correlated with the gonadal development. The increasing water temperature and day-length apparently was favourable for the gonadal development in L .rohita.

29 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

006907   Serajuddin M (Dep Zool, Kashi Naresh Government Post Grad Coll, Gyanpur, Sant Ravidas Nagar-Bhadohi-221 034, Email: serajuddin2164@rediffmail.com) : Intraspecific diversity of riverine population of spiney eel, Mastacmbelus armatus. Appl Fish Aquacult 2004, 4(1), 25-9.

Various morphometric and meristic characters along with the study of length-weight relationship were used for the study of intraspecefic diversity. Riverine population of Mastacembelus armatus was found to consist of two stocks which have been denoted here as stocks A and B. These stocks were sympatric and differed in a number of morphometric and meristic characters. The regression of different body measurements such as standard length, head length, snout length, pre dorsal length, caudal fin length, caudal fin depth, body width, inter-orbital width and optic-diameter on total length and their correlation coefficient were studied. A linear relationship was noted between different body measurements and total length in the fishes of both stocks. Correlation of coefficients in all these relationship were highly significant. The equations obtained for length weight relationship in the fishes of these two stocks were also different. Appreciable difference in growth of weight relative to length was noticed in these two stocks. Stock A which demonstrated faster growth (weight per unit length=3.75g) occurred with 37.12% frequency whereas stock B (weight per unit length=l .85 g) was more preponderant (frequency of occurrence = 62.88%).

2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

006906   Sen A;Ghate H V (NO, , , Email: hemantghate@rhotmail.com) : Asathes bimaculata (Fabricus) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae : Lamiinae) from Kerala. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(8), 1965.

2 ref

006905   Sarwar Jahan M D;Redwanur Rahman M D; Moniruzzaman Sarker M D;Assaduzzaman A K M (Dep zoology, Univ of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh) : Assessment of the effective physico-chemical factors for the culture of Pilaglobosa. J Ecobiol 2005, 17(3), 241-50.

Statistical analyses for the culture of Pila globosa Showed that temperature and humidity (r = - 0.75), humidity and number of clutch (r = -0.423), temperature and number of eggs per clutch (r=0.465), duration of mating and number of eggs per clutch (r = 0.484), temperature and incubation period (r = -0.449), temperature and hatchability (r = 0.478), humidity and hatchability (r = -0.573), duration of egg laying and hatchability (r= 0.457), number of clutches and hatchability (r = 0.538), and number of eggs per clutch and hatchability (r = 0.477) were significantly correlated with each other negatively or positively. The growth parameters such as additive growth in length (1.31 ±0.25, 1.42 ± 0.38 & 1.08 ± 0.45), additive growth in width (1.21 ± 0.22, 1.32 ± 0.36 & 1.01 ± 0.44) and obesity indices (1.20 ± 0.02, 1.18 ± 0.01 & 1.21 ± 0.02) of the snails reared on Amaranthus gangeticus, combined food and Ottelia alismoides, respectively were also variedly influenced by the chemical parameters of the water in which the snails were reared. Statistical analyses revealed that the water qualities such as DO, pH, total hardness, Ca-hardness and Mg-hardness were also dependent on the food plants supplied in simulated habitat, which in turn affect the growth rate of the snails. The coefficient of multiple determination (R² values) for A. gangeticus (0.923), O. alismoides (0.751) and combined food (0.626) explained that 92.3, 75.1 and 62.6% variations in the obesity indices were performed due to the effect of cultivated food plants, single hydrophytes and combined plants species, respectively, whereas only 5.8 to 38.0% of variations in the various breeding traits concerned are due to the temperature humidity and rainfall.

4 tables, 18 ref

006904   Saroha R P;Dharambir Singh;Garg S K (Dep Zool Aquaculture Lab Aquaculture Mgmt, C.C.S. Haryana Agric Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Impact of mixed feeding regime on growth performance in Heteropneustes fossilis fingerlings. Aquacult 2005, 6(1), 63-8.

Low-protein (20.29%) and high protein (40.12%) diets were formulated to feed the fingerlings of Heteropneustes fossilis. Seven feeding treatments were maintained and the fingerlings were fed @ 3% BWD^-1. Studies have revealed that regular feeding on low protein (LP) diet resulted in significantly (P<60>0.05) low growth, while feeding on high protein diets resulted in good growth performance and was equal to the fish fed continuously on 1L/3H diet. GPR, GER and PER values were low in fingerlings fed on high protein diet daily as compared to those fed on mixed feeding schedule. These studies have indicated the possibility of protein saving without compromising the growth and nutrient retention in H. fossilis. Based on total protein input 12.36% protein can be saved without affecting growth, by adopting the 1L/3H feeding schedule as compared to daily feeding on high protein diet.

2 tables, 19 ref

006903   Sarala Nair S;Radhakrishnan T (Dep Zool, N S S Hindu Coll, Changanacherry-686 122) : Combined toxicity of copper and zinc to fresh water mussel, Lamellidens marginalis. J Ecobiol 2005, 17(3), 279-82.

Combined toxicity of Cu and Zn was analyzed on Lamellidens marginalis at different pH. Ninety six hr LC50 value for the metal mixture showed a declining trend as pH of the exposure medium changed from alkaline to acidic. The LC50 in neutral pH (12.9 ppm) declined to 7.19 ppm in pH 5 whereas it increased to 14.89 in pH 9. In mixture exposure the amount of Cu required for causing 50% mortality was 1.515, 2.51 and 2.88 ppm in pH 5, 7, and 9, respectively whereas when applied singly, it was 2.14, 4.21 and 5.89 ppm, respectively. The amount of Zn required for causing 50% mortality was 5.682, 10.416 and 12.008ppm in pH 5, 7, and 9 respectively in mixture eposure; while when applied singly it was 12.71, 14.96 and 16.99 ppm, respectively. The toxicity of metals increase remarkably when they come in combination and the pH of the medium has a direct influence.

2 tables, 15 ref

006902   Samanta S;Mitra K;Chandra K;Saha K; Bandopadhyay S;Ghosh A (NO, Cent Inld Fish Res Inst, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120) : Heavy metals in water of the rivers Hooghly and Haldi at Haldia and their impact of fish. J envir Biol 2005, 26(3), 517-23.

Deals with the measurement of five heavy metals viz., Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in water of the rivers Hooghly and Haldi at Haldia during June 1999 to October 2002. The industrial effluent fall (OF) at Patikhali, Haldia was also taken as sampling site along with above out fall (AOF) and below out fall (BOF) sites. Most of the metals exhibited their least concentration at the sampling site above the Haldia industrial area of river Hooghly. The average concentrations of the studied metals were Cd2-14, Cu 5-19, Mn 8-88, Pb 17-41 and Zn 22-37 μg <157>^-1. Comparison of the data with the Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) of USA revealed that Cd, Cu and Pb were the pollutants present at alarming level to disturbthe aquatic life process in the zone. The effect was found to reflect on the tissue level aberrations in the residential fishes. The other two metals viz., Mn and Zn were probably less harmful to the aquatic ecosystem.

3 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

006901   Ruhela S;Chauhan D K;Khare A K (Dep Zool, Meerut Coll, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) : Macrocytic anemia in cat fish, clarias batrachus induced by procamallanus infection. Aquacult 2005, 6(1), 45-50.

Study includes haematological responses, such as TEC, Hb, TLC, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of post infection. The haematological parameters such as TEC, Hb was decrease all the intervals of post infection. The TLC value increase significantly after the dose of infection in all the cases. The PCV value decrease after 15, 30 and 45 days of post infection and increase at the dose level after 60 days of post infection. The MCV value increase after 15, 30 and 60 days of post infection and decrease at the dose level after 45 days of post infection. The MCH value increase after 15 and 30 days, except 45 and 60 days of post infection, these value were observed to be decrease. The MCHC value decrease after 15, 45 and 60 days of post infection except 30 days of post infection, this value was observed to be slightly increase. The infected fish showed restlessness and reflecting respiration. The haematological manifestation of the infected fish C. batrachus are suggestive of macrocytic anemia much comparable to 'Bothriocephalous anemia' in man due to Diphyllobotbrium latum as result of Vit B₁₂ deficiency or related factors.

7 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

006900   Rout S K;Nanda P K;Das P (Dep Fish Environment Fac Fishery Sci West Bengal Univ Anim Fishery, , ) : Characterisation and genomic organisation of immunoglobulin variable light chain in Indian major carps. Aquacult 2005, 6(1), 33-8.

Immunoglobulins are the effector molecules in the humoral immune system and consist of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains. Attempts have been made to understand through Southern Hybridization the genomic organization of immunoglobulin variable light chain gene in carp using an EST clone isolated from cDNA Library of Catla spleen as probe. The putative Immunoglobulin variable L-chain appears to be a single copy gene in Catla catla which does not seem to be conserved across species. The clustered organization of the gene distributed in other species does not hold good at the moment which may be reconfirmed.

4 illus, 9 ref