002590   Misra S K;Panda A K;Padhy S N (Coll of Fish, QUAT, Rangailunda, Berhampur-760 007) : Growth performance of post larvae of penaeus monodon in respeonse to copper sulphate. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 91-2.

Acute toxicity and chronic toxicity tests of copper sulphate on the post larvae of P. monodon were investigated at a salinity of 26.0 ± 1.0 ppt using static method and static renewal method respectively. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr LC50 values were determined to be 0.078, 0.068, 0.062 and 0.075 mg/l copper sulphate. PL exposed for 3 weeks to control, 0.0285, 0.0142 and 0.0071 mg/l) copper sulphate had 96, 64, 76 and 92% survival, respectively. Maximum length and weight gain was recorded in 0.0071 mg/l concentration. Growth in length and weight of PL exposed to 0.0285 and 0.0142 mg/l was significantly lowered (P <60> 0.05) than those exposed to control and 0.0071 mg/l. Relative length and weight gain values were observed to increase with decrease in copper sulphate concentration. Maximum specific growth rate was recorded for control group followed by 0.0071 mg/l group.

2 tables, 8 ref

002589   Mishra R M;Yadav G P;Gupta P (Sch of Environmental Biol, A P S Univ, Rewa-482 003) : Pollinators intensity and diversity in relation to plant density of Zizyphus xylopyrus willd. (Rhamnaceae). Ecol Envir Conserv 2005, 11(1), 73-80.

Insects, visiting the blossom of Zizyphus xylopyrus have been examined for their intensity and diversity in relation to time and plant density in a tropical deciduous forest of Dabhoura, Rewa (M.P.). Results indicate that the flowers of this plant species are visited by 37 species of insects which included 19 species of wasps, 7 flies, 6 butterflies and 5 bees. There were sufficient diurnal fluctuations in insect visits. More number of insects visited the blossoms during the morning, as compared to noon and evening hours. Comparatively more number of insect species visited the flower with lower intensities. It is observed that intensity of pollinator species increased with increase in plant density. The number of pollinator species and their individuals differed significantly on the blossoms of three patches of plant densities. Similarly, the diversity of pollinators was maximum on dense population and minimum on isolated plant.

4 illus, 4 tables, 37 ref

002588   Miranda M T P;D'cruz F G (PG & Res Dep of Zool, Fatima Mata Natn Coll, Kollam-691 021) : Some characteristics of termitaria soil of Macrotermes estherae (Desneux) and Trinervitermes biformis (Wasmann) in relation to their surrorundings in Kerala. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 15-21.

Physical characteristics such as mechanical composition, water holding capacity and chemical parameters like pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron and phosphorus content of termite soil and surrounding soil was analyzed for Macrotermes estherae and Trineryitermes biformis-two widely distributed subterranean termites found in Kerala. The nest soil of both the species recorded a higher water holding capacity. Gravel was totally absent in termitaria soil. There was no significant variation in the proportion of coarse sand, fine sand and clay fractions between the nest soil and surrounding soil of M. estherae where as the gallery soil of T. biformis contained significantly higher proportions of coarse sand, fine sand, silt and clay than the adjacent soil. Most of the chemical parameters tested recorded significantly higher proportions in the termitaria soil of both species. The study indicates that temitaria soil can be used as a cheap and eco-friendly fertilizer.

4 tables, 21 ref

002587   Miranda M T P;D'cruz F G (P G and Res Dep of Zool, Fatima Mata Natn Coll, Kollam-691 021) : Population size and composition in Odontotermes brunneus (Hagen) (Isoptera: Termitidae) in relation to mound size and seasons. Entomon 2005, 30(1), 39-45.

O. brunneus is a widely distributed mound building termite in Kerala. Mound density varied from 8-10/ha. The total population was directly proportional to the size of the mound and weight of the fungus garden. Mounds of O. brunneus varying in height from 2-27 cm and 11.9-115 cm in circumference at the base, contained a population ranging from 3900-70,700 individuals. A mound 14 cm high and 72 cm in circumference at the base has a population of 27,042±20,644 individuals, comprising 60.68% nymphs, 31.45% workers, 3.98% pre-soldiers and 3.89% soldiers. The population showed seasonal fluctuation. Mature alates were recorded during March, April, September and October. The proportion of workers inside the mound (8.75%-12.18%) was low during June-October. This is attributed to increased foraging during the rainy season. High percentage of larvae were found during June, July and August (79.04-81.6%) indicating peak egg production during the monsoon Season.

2 tables, 16 ref

002586   Mathur M;Singhvi P M;Gehlot L;Jain M (NO, , 21/552 C H B, Jodhpur-342 008) : Effectiveness of indigenous plant extracts on ovipositional behaviour of tribolium confusum (Jac du Val) infesting stored rice (Oryza sativa). J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 97-8.

Crude petroleum ether extracts from the leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica), sadabahar (Catharanthus roseus) kaner (Nerium indicum), pudina (Mentha spicata), sage (Salvia officinalis) and mitha neem (Murraya koenigii) applied at 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 ml/100gm. of seeds to rice are evaluated as oviposition deterrents against T. confusum. Topical application of all plant extracts siginificantly reduced the oviposition of T. confusum on rice seeds. The minimum number of eggs are laid on the seeds treated with the neem extract (16.6%)and maximum on seeds treated with mitha neem extract (30.0%) at 1.0 ml/100gm seeds. At the rate of 5ml/100gm seeds no egg laying is observed in case of neem extract which is followed by sadabahar(3.3%), kaner(6.6%), pudina (10.0%) and mitha neem(23.3%). All the extracts are effective against T. confusum as compared with control.

1 table, 4 ref

002585   Mathur A K;Tyagi S;Mandal D K (Semen Freezing Laboratory, Project Directorate on Cattle, Meerut) : Early age infection of foot and mouth disease affects the reporductive performance in frieswal males. Indian J Anim Reprod 2004, 4(2), 138-9.

Semen production performance of adult Frieswal bulls suffered from Foot and Mouth disease infection (FMD) at an early age (upto 1 yr) were compared with bulls of similar age group unaffected by FMD. A significant reduction in the semen donation was evident in bulls suffered with FMD at early age as compared to unaffected bulls of similar age. The mean values of semen quality in terms of volume (3.27±0.19 vs 4.0±0.19 ml) and mass motility (1.6±0.16 vs 2.5±0.10) were significantly lowered in males suffered with FMD. Study further revealed that freezable quality semen could only be obtained from only 20% of bulls suffered from FMD as compared to 73% in non affected group, these findings indicate that FMD infection at early age (upto 1 yr) affects the future semen production performance in Frieswal bulls.

^ssc1 table, 6 ref

002584   Mary Violet Christy A;Ramalingam R (Jeyaraj Annapackaim Coll of Women Dep of Zool, , Periyakulam-625 601) : Utilization of Sago industrial wastes for the culture of a compost earthworm Eurdrilus eugeniae (Kinberg). Ecol Envir Conserv 2005, 11(1), 161-6.

The fibrous residue (thippi) (1.5 million ton/year) left out after starch production and the effluent (30000-40000 litre/ton) coming out from settling tank are the two major wastes from the sago industry. About 3 million tones of pressmud is produced annually in India from the sugar factories. Ten newely emerged (one day old) hatchling of Eudrilus eugeniae were cultured under laboratory conditions with 60-75% moisture in plastic trays containing the follwoing treatments: E₁-PM alone, E₂ - SSW + PM (1:4), E₃-SSW + PM (2:3), E₄ - SSW + PM (3:2), E₅ - SLW 15 ml/kg, E₆-SLW 30 ml/kg, E₇ - SLW 45 ml/kg, E₈ - SLW 60 ml/kg added SSW + PM. Once in 15 days upto 150 days the weight of earth worms and number of hatchlings were determined and analyzed statistically. The results indicated that the efficiency of four treatments to support the growth and reproduction of E. eugeniae could be ranked in the follwoing order: SSW + PM 2:3 ratio (E₃) <60>1:4 ratio (E₂) <60>3:2 ratio (E₄) <60>PM alone (E₁). On the other hand the growth and reproduction of E. eugeniae were proportionately suppressed with increasing volume of sago effluet addition, due to its low pH(4.5-5.8), high BOD (4216 mg/l) and COD (5917 mg/l) etc. The growth and reproduction suppressive effect of SLW could be ranked in the follwoing order: 15 ml/kg(E₅) <60>30 ml/kg (E₆) <60>45 ml/kg (E₇) <60>60 ml/kg (E₈). The sago solid waste (thipponm influenced the growth and reproduction of E. eugeniae and so could be used for vermiculture in combination with PM. Since SLW affecting the soil organisms like earthworms not suitable for vermiculture and should be properly treated before relasing to environment.

3 tables, 17 ref

002583   Krishan Sharma K;Kavita Kumari;Manoj Kumar (Indian Lac Res Inst, , Namkum, Ranchi-834 010) : Analysis of factors responsible for low yield of lac in India. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 95-6.

A single lac insect has potential to multiply by 250 times in one generation, actual seed (broodlac) to yield (lac-produced) ratio is very low. Single cell cultures maintained on Flemingia macrophylla in laboratory yielded 56 to 175 times more lac that was reduced to 45-50 times in field. When the mode of infestation was changed to mass inoculation and scale of operations was increased, the yield was drastically reduced to 3, 4 and 7 times of the input on Butea monosperma, F. macrophylla and Ziziphus mauritiana, respectively for rangeeni strain; and 5, 9 and 14 times, respectively on F. macrophylla, Z.mauritiana and Schleichera oleosa for kusmi strain during rainy/winter season crop. With up scaling of lac culture operations; quantitative & qualitative loss of broodlac, damage due to pests and management of lac insect population on the host plant become critical factors affecting adversely the lac crop.

1 table, 3 ref

002582   Kirti J S;Sodhi J S (Dep of Zool, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Morphology and morphometry of internal genitalic organs of two species of genus Agylla Walker (Lithosiinae : Arctiidae). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 9-14.

Internal genitalic organs of two species i.e. antica Walker and devisa Walker of genus Agylla Walker have been studied and illustrated for the first time. Morphological and morphometrical measurement of these organs have also been discussed in this manuscript.

3 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

002581   Khatri M;Jangir O P;Shekhawat D V S;Acharya P (Developmental Bio. Lab Dep of Zool Dungar Coll, , Bikaner-334 001) : Effect of arnica on lens regeneration in adult frog Rana cyanophlyctis). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 35-9.

The research aims at showing the role played by Arnica mont. Q. in inducing lens regeneration even in the adult frog Rana cyanophlyctis which otherwise have lost this capacity. It has been observed that certain chemicals which increase the mitogenic activity and dedifferentiation may cause lens regeneration in amphibians. Arnica mont Q. was found to accelerate cell proliferation and dedifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells (PECs) of dorsal iris and consequently induced the lens regeneration in adult frog. Arnica was found to induce lens regeneration in 80% adult frogs of treated group whereas lens regeneration was not reported even in a single animal of control group. Most of the regenerated lenses were small in size and nodulated in shape. However, 40% regenerated lenses were found normal in size, shape transparency and histological features. The most common feature of Arnica mont Q. treated regenerates, was precocious differentiation of lenses, cytoplasmic vacuolization and herniated lens fibers. It is speculated that this precocious differentiation caused by arnica, might be one of the reasons for smaller size of regenerated lenses.

9 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

002580   Kaur S P;Sidhu D S (Dep of Zool, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Effect of cadmium chloride on the free amino acids and transaminases (Got & GPT) during the adult life of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabr) (Insecta). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 47-50.

The biochemical effect of Cadmium chloride on the free amino acids and transaminases (GOT & GPT) during the adult life of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabr.) has been studied in the research work. The observations reveal that the chemicals under references show a significant decrease in the treated cohorts in comparison to the controlled adults of H. vigintioctopunctata. The reproductive potential of the insect has also been evaluated which indicates clearly that this chemical qualifies as a chemosterilant. The observations project sterility in these insects above 80%.

3 tables, 4 ref

002579   Kanwal K D S;Abdullah R B;Khadijah W E W (Walia Clin Lab, , 627, Model Town, Ludhiana-141 002, Email: keeron_my@yahoo.com) : Ultrastructural studies on fresh-extended and frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa. Indian J Anim Reprod 2004, 4(2), 120-2.

Use of routine in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture (IVMFC) protocol in this laboratory with some modifications did not produce satisfactory results in goats due to low cleavage rates. Post-fertilization evaluation of in vitro inseminated oocytes using an inverted microscope indicated absence of sperm penetration into the zona pellucida. It was, therefore, considered necessary to examine the infrastructure of frozen-thawed sperm in order to determine its integrity and viability. Ultrastructure of freshly ejaculated extended goat sperm was taken as control. Electron micrographs of frozen-thawed sperm indicated that inner and outer acrosbmal membranes were undergoing signs of degeneration such as lysis of the membranes specifically at the tip region. Since acrosome plays an important rote during fertilization, any changes in its membrane are likely to affect the fertilization rates.

5 illus, 6 ref

002578   Joshi M;Fartyal R S;Singh B K (Cytogenetic Laboratory Dep of Zool, Kumaon Univ, Nainital-263 002, Email: fartyalrs@yahoo.com) : A report on two new and two unrecorded species of Drosophila from Mukteshwar Kumaon, India (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Entomon 2005, 30(1), 75-84.

Taxonomic description of two new species viz., Drosophila muktesh warensis and Drosophila sargakhetensis and new distribution records of Drosophila hubeiensis Sperlich and Watabe, 1997 and Amiota pseudotau Toda and Peng, 1990 is given. A list of Drosophilidae collected from Mukteshwar is also provided.

^ssc8 illus, 35 ref

002577   Johal M S;Negi R K;Onkar S (Dep of Zool, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 016) : Length weight relationship of golden mahseer Tor putitora (Hamil ton) from Pong dam reservoir, Himachal Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 85-8.

Growth studies of Tor putitora (Ham.) using length-weight relationship was conducted on the specimens obtained from the Pong reservoir. The statistical relationship between length-weight of the fish was derived as suggested by parabolic equation by Lecren (1951). The value 'n' of length-weight relationship was 3.150, 3.313 and 2.958 from pooled, females and males specimens, respectively.

3 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

002576   Islam N;Islam W;Mondal K A M S H (Inst of Biol Sci, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Email: mwislam2001@yahoo.com) : Effect of temperature of life history characteristics of Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of Callosobruchus macultatus (F.). Entomon 2005, 30(1), 47-55.

Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) was reared at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C on 18-20 days-old-larva of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) developing in seeds black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Daily production of variable progeny, sex ratio, adult survivorship and development time were determined to calculate net reproductive rate (r₀), generation time (T), and intrinsic rate of increase (r_m). Female longevity was greatest at 15°C (41.58d) and shortest at 35°C (20.25d). Development time and its variance decreased with the increase of temperature. Mean number of progeny produced per female during the life-span increased from 12.32 at 15°C to 201.09 at 35°C. Intrinsic rate of increase was lowest at 15°C (0.021 females per female per day) and highest at 35°C (0.390), r₀ increased from 6.64 females per female at 15°C to 149.48 at 35°C, and T decreased from 90.15 to 12.6d. The relatively higher developmental attributes of the parasitoid is indicative of their high temperature tolerance.

4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

002575   Hari Prasad;Singh H M;Singh A K (Dep of Ent, N.D. Univ of Agric. & Tech., Faizabad-224 229) : Effective range of sex pheromone of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 81-2.

Two days old 20 marked moths divided into 4 groups were released from east, west, north and south directions late in the evening from the distances of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 meters from the base of Delta Sticky Trap baited with sex pheromone of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. When marked moths were released from the base of the trap south easterly wind was blowing. Hundred per cent of moths released from east, 60% from the north, 40% from both south and west directions, with a mean population of 60% were stuck on the sticky surface of the trap. When the release was made from 1 m distance, north east wind was prevalent. Eighty percent of the moths released from east and west directions, 40% of the north and 60% of the south direction, with a mean of 65% were stuck on the trap. Eighty per cent from east, 40% from west, 60% each from north and south directions with a over all mean of 60% moths stuck when released from a distance of 5 m. The south east wind was blowing at this time. Twenty per cent of east, 4.0% of west and none of north and south directions released moths, with a mean of 15% could be trapped when released from a distance of 10 m. None of the marked moths released from 15 & 20 m distances was attracted & trapped. Most & least effective range of sex pheromone was 1 & 10 m respectively. Direction of wind played important role in effectiveness of pheromone.

1 table, 4 ref

002574   Gireesh Kumar A;Karthika K;Vikraman L; Ramakrishnan S (PG & Res Dep of Zool, N S S Hindu Coll, Changanacherry-686 102) : Maladol (Malathion 50% EC) induced haematological changes in Rana hexadactyla (Lesson). Ecol Envir Conserv 2005, 11(1), 129-32.

Malathion induced changes in the haemogram of Rana hexadactyla have been described, sublethal exposure to the pesticide for 24 hrs. and 48 hrs. duration resulted in remarkable elevation in TEC while Hb%, the absolute values, erythrocyte indices and TLC recorded significantly lower values. The overall responses in the haemogram of the pesticide exposed frogs can be summarized as microcytic hypochromic anaemia and leucocytopenia.

1 table, 25 ref

002573   Ganeshwade R M;Rokade P B;Sonwane S R (Deptt of Zool, Padambhushan Dr V P Coll, Tasgaon-416 312) : Effect of hardness of water on the acute toxicity of dimethoate to Puntius ticto (Ham). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 67-70.

Short term toxicity tests were made against fish Puntius ticto a freshwater teleost to dimethoate, in relation to study the effect of hardness of water on toxicity of dimethoate pesticide. The mortality rate were recorded under different hardness. The LC₅₀ values of dimethoate for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs were obtained as 6.839, 5.555. 5.070. 5.012 ppm under normal conditions in laboratory. Hardness of water plays an important role in the toxicity of pesticide. The LC₅₀ value at 100 ppm and 200 ppm hardness are 4.519 and 5.433, respectively. These values show that the dimethoate toxicity increases with decrease in hardness of water.

3 tables, 12 ref

002572   Dixit Y B;Saxena K K;Chauhan S;Dubey A K (Dep of Zool, J M V, Ajitmal-206 001) : Biochemical changes in the liver of a freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) exposed to rogor. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 51-3.

When the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis was exposed to a sublethal concentration of Rogor (10 ppm) for 48 days, the protein content decreased, whereas the specific activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) showed an increased initially. However, a temporary recovery was observed between the second and third weeks of exposure. Thereafter the animals were released to normal water for 24 days. But they did not show any sign of recovery during this period.

2 tables, 11 ref

002571   Dhiman S C;Yadav Y K (Dep of Zool, M.S. (P.G.) Coll, Saharanpur-247 001) : Some ethological aspects of Halys dentatus Fabr. (Heteroptera: pentatomidae). J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 44-7.

Halys dentatus Fabr. is found to infest on Azadirachta indica & accumulated on the tree in the form of swarm ranging upto 228 adults & 92 4th instars. It took 18-35 days as precopulation time, 4 hrs. 11 min. as average copulation time and 2 days 19 hrs. to 5 days 23 hrs. as preoviposition time. Re-engagement was between 4 days to 17 days, re-oviposition time ranges 2 days 18 hrs. to 17 days, 19 hrs. H. dentatus laid 7-28 eggs in a single batch. Egg laying occurred on protected part of tree viz, tree trunk or strong branches etc. but, in laboratory, female laid eggs on moist cotton swab, neem leaves, wall of chimney, muslin cloth and even on the back of male.

1 illus, 12 ref

002570   Dhiman S C;Singh R K (Ent Res Lab, M.S. (P.G.) Coll, Saharanpur-247 001) : Seasonal abundance & food plants of Audinetia spinidens Fabr. (Heteroptera: pentatomidae). J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 48-9.

Audinetia spinidens is a polyphagous sap sucking bug, which feeds on a number of economic crop plants like bajra, rice, maize, jawar and barseem. It prefers to feed on bajra and barseem in comparison to other food plants. The bug hibernates in adult stage during late November to mid Febuary. Population increases upto June, goes on peak in rainy months, July to September and then declines in October to late November. Gregareous habit of bug causes considerable loss to the newly set seeds of Bajra and Jawar.

4 ref

002569   Dhiman S C;Bhargawa M L (Dep of Zool, M.S. (P.G.) Coll, Saharanpur-247 001) : Biology and population dynamics of Zygogramma bicolorata Pall.: a biocontrol agent of Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 41-3.

Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an important biocontrol agent of Parthenium weed. Male Zygogramma bicolorata measures 5.20 to 7.12 mm with an average of 6.67 mm and female 6.0 to 8.0 mm in length with an average of 7.36 mm. Female lay eggs either singly or in group, in an average 40 eggs on leaves, flower, stem and buds of Parthenium. Hatching percentage is highest in April and July. There are four larval stages of creamy white colour. Larval duration extends from 3-5 days for 1st instar, 3-3.5 days for 2nd instar, 2-3 days for 3rd instar and 4-8 days for 4th instar, larvae and adult are voracious feeder for Parthenium weed. 4th instar larvae after growth drop down on the soil near food plant root for pupation upto the depth of 10 cms., pupation period normally last for 10 to 12 days. Maximum population of adult Zygogramma and larvae were recorded in July to mid Sept. and May. However, during the year, peak population of weed was recorded in April, May and July to September and minimum in the month of December and January. During winter in last week of Nov. most of the adult prepare to hibernate and pupae proceed for diapause, overwintering in adult and diapause in pupae last upto mid Feb. taking a duration of about 2.5 to 3 months in district Saharanpur and adjacent area. Thus, the beetle has been well established in this locality and natural control and weed upto good extent.

2 tables, 7 ref

002568   Dhiman S C;arora P (Ent Res Lab Dep of Zool, M S Coll, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Biocontrol agents of Pauropsylla depressa Crawford (Homoptera: psyllidae). J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 36-8.

Parasites of Pauropsylla depress, a gallinaceous insect infesting Ficus glomerata leaves in district Saharanpur have been reported. Bracon spp is an ectoparasite and its larva attaches to the abdomen of 5th instar nymph feeds on its abdominal content and finally causes host mortality, recording 5 to 40% parasitization of the nymphs. Another black coloured encyrtid wasp is found to be endoparasite of 3rd instar nymphs of P. depress, which lays its eggs within the body of the host and its larva after feeding on the body tissue, mummified it and oupates in it. The adult emerges out by making a hole in mummy leaving behind meconium and empty mummy. Predators of the P depressa comprises of small formicids ants (Camponotus sp. and Myrmica sp.), Preying mantis (Hierodula sp.), small red coloured mite, spider (Aranaeus sp.), Common Myna (Acridotherus tristis), Red bunted bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), Thrip (Cercothrip tibialis) and a pathogen fungus (Aspergillus flavipus) have also been observed.

3 illus, 5 ref

002567   Dhiman S C (Dep of Zool, M.S. (P.G.) Coll, Saharanpur-247 001) : Feeding potential of Diaeretiella rapae (M'intosh), a parasitoid of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 39-40.

Feeding potential of D. rapae, a primary parasitoid of L. erysimi was studied both in laboratory and field. Antenna movements help to locate the food in nature and the parasitoid feeds on honeydew excreted by host aphid and sucks it by strong cibarial pump. During feeding, abdomen is raised towards upper side. Feeding time varied from 1-5 minutes. Larva is endoparasite of L. erysimi, which starts feeding on trophammion cells and then adipose and ovariole tissue. Third instar larva voraciously feeds on aphid tissue. First abdomen of aphid is cleaned out and then thorax and head. Food materials of the legs and antennae are devoured by suction process. Final and fourth instar larva scraps the integument by mandibular sclerite and consumes everything within the aphid except trachea. Lastly, it makes a hole in the venter of aphid and glued it to substratum and then pupates inside the aphid by making thin silken puparium. Such aphid having pupa of the parasitoid inside it, is called aphid mummy.

6 ref

002566   Chhilar J S;Chaudhary S (Dep of Zool, Government Coll, Maohiendergarh, Haryana) : Salivary polytene x-chromosome dynamics in Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus grassi (Culicidae: Diptera. J Cytol Genet 2005, 6(NS)(1), 57-63.

Deals with the structural dynamics of the salivary polytene X-chro-mosome of Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus Grassi. A wild population of this species from Sonipat, Haryana, India constituted the material for the studies. Five different types of aberrations were detected which included 3 heterozygous paracentric floating inversions, 2 cases of ectopic pairing, 1 deletion, 1 chromosomal break, and 2 instances of asynapsis. The type of genetic instability witnessed in the present species is attributed to the highly hetero-chromatic nature of this chromosome in which subzone 3C seems to be a locus most susceptible to breaks. The results also attempt to focus attention on the extent of structural plasticity in this chromosome of Anopheles subpictus that defies the contention that the X-chromosome in the genus Anopheles is a fairly stable component of the genome as it is conservative to mutational changes.

1 illus, 1 table, 42 ref

002565   Cheede G S;Dadarwal D;Gandotra V K (Dep of Anim Reproduction Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Punjab Agric Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Mummified fetus and a pup with eviscerated intestines in a normal litter at term in a labrador bitch. Indian J Anim Reprod 2004, 4(2), 159.

A rare case of canine mummified fetus and a pup with eviscerated intestine in a normal litter at term is reported in tis communication.

^ccr1 illus, 3 ref

002564   Chandrahasan C;Rajasekaran J (Dep of Anim Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics Veternary Coll & Res Inst, Namakkal) : Biometray of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) ovaries in relation to different stages of the oestrous cycle. Indian J Anim Reprod 2004, 4(2), 87-90.

Ovaries from non-descript pluriparous buffaloes collected from slaughter house were grouped into four stages based on the characteristics of the corpus luteum and morphometry of the ovary were recorded during different stages of the oestrous cycle. Follicles were grouped according to the diameter as ≤ 2, 3-5, 6-10 and <62>10 mm. Biometry of ovaries on left and right side was not found to differ significantly and also between stages of the cycle. However, length, diameter and weight, of the, corpus, luteum showed high significant difference during the four stages of the cycle. The mean number of visible follicles between right and left ovaries did not differ significantly. The number of follicles of ≤ 2 mm diameter size increased at two times of the cycle indicating two waves of follicular growth in buffalo ovaries.

3 tables, 23 ref

002563   Chakrabarti S (Fish and Limnology Res Unit Dep of Life Sci, , Suryamaninagar-799 130) : Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the occurrence and abundance of Macrobrachium dayanum. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 55-8.

Occurrence of prawn species Macrobrachium dayanum was studied in freshwater wet land ecosystem of Tripura (latitude 23° 50'15" N and longitude 91° 15'45" E) during 2000 to 2002. Notable biotic and abiotic features of the wetland were also observed and their degree of influence over the seasonal abundance of the said prawn was noted. The result was evaluated through correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. ANOVA depicted the significant nature of regression (F=99.99, p <60> 0.01 ).

2 tables, 17 ref

002562   Bhattacharyya D R;Prakash A;Mohaptra P K; Mahanta J (Regional Med Res Cent, N E Region (Indian Coun of Med Research), PB No. 105, Dibrugarh-786 001, Email: icmrrcdi@hub.nic.in) : Occurance of Ochlerotatus (Mucidus) Laniger (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Assam, India. Entomon 2005, 30(1), 105-7.

The communication reports the first confirmed occurrence of Ochlerotatus (Mucidus) laniger (Wiedemann) in forest areas of Assam, north-east India.

1 illus, 7 ref

002561   Bhattacharya A;Jaiswal A K;Kumar S;Kumar M (Indian Lac Res Inst, , Ranchi-834 010) : Evaluation of cartap hydrochloride for management of Eublemma amabilis (Moore) - a serious lepidopteran predator of lac insect. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 93-4.

Cartap hydrohloride (CHC) an insecticide having systemic and contact action has been evaluated for use in lac ecosystem as a substitute for the currently used conventional insecticide endosufan. Doses CHC viz. 0 05% 0.075% and 0.1%, tested on 2nd instar lac larvae reared on Butea monosperma (palas), during rainy season crop in order to evaluate its efficacy against Eublemma amabilis and toxicity to lac insects. All the tested doses proved safe to lac insects & enabled effective control of E. amabilis, an insect predator of lac insects CHC 0.05% provided results at par with the conventionally used insecticide endosulfan (0.05%) in respect of reduction in sulation of E. amabilis and consequent increase in lac crop yield. The insecticide also exhibited safety to lac insect at all the three doses tested.

1 table, 2 ref

002560   Bhardwaj A C;Shekhar Chand (PG Dep of Zool, Sanatan Dharm Coll, Muzaffarnagar-251 001) : Pesticides eclyptic influence on activity of midgut carbohydrases of Trithemis aurora (Burm) (Anisptera: Libellulidae) naiads. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 117-18.

Concentration dependent impact of pesticides on the inhibition of catalytic activity of certain midgut hydrolases of last instar naiad of Trithemis aurora (Burm.) was studied 40h after treatment. All the pesticides proved deleterious and supressed the catalytic activity of all the enzymes considerably. The potency of fifty percent inhibition (l₅₀) ranged for cypermethrin 18.0x10^-6 to 26x10^-6 ppm, for deltamethrin 21x10^-4 to 30x10^-4 ppm, for chlorpyrifos 7.0x10^-7 to 12x10^-7 quinalphos 7.0x10^-8 to 9.40x10^-8 against different hydrolases. The order of I₅₀ in the activity of all the hydrolases indicated as quinalphos <62> chlorpyriphos <62> cypermethrin <62> deltamethrin.

1 table, 2 ref

002559   Behera A;Marandi P;Sontakke B K (Dep of Forensic Med and Toxicol, V S S Med Coll Burla, Sambalpur) : Studies on abundance of insects associated with cadavers in Sambalpur area of Orissa. J appl Zool Res 2005, 16(1), 115-16.

During two years period of investigation in mortuary of V.S.S. Medical College, Burla, cadavers found to carry 8 species of insects. However, blowfly or blue bottles (Chrysomyia bezziana and Calliphora vicina) and Common houseflies (Muscina stabulans and Musca domestics) were found to invade maximum dead bodies of human beings referred from different places. The incidence of green bottle, flesh fly, ant, cockroach, body louse was also recorded, but in one or two cases only. Interestingly, the housefly pupae were observed to parasitized by Pteromalidae vasp (Nasonia vitripennis).

2 tables, 8 ref

002558   Antoine D;Pattabiraman S R (Dept of ARGO, Rajiv Gandhi Coll of Vety. & Anim Sci, Kurumpapet, Pondicherry-605 609) : Biophysical and morphological attributes of semen after testicular degeneration. Indian J Anim Reprod 2004, 4(2), 133-5.

Tellicherry bucks aged three years were subjected to scrotal insulation for 48 hours. The mean data of two semen collection of six bucks by artificial vagina taken in a week for three pre and 13 post-treatment were grouped and analysed statistically. The epididymal sperm are affected by scrotal insulation. There was characteristic time bound reversible changes in morphology of spermatozoa. Maximum damage was recorded on third week and complete recovery by tenth week of scrotal insulation.

^ssc2 illus, 12 ref

002557   Anithalatha M (PG & Res Dep of Zool, Malabar Christian Coll, Calicut-673 001) : Two new species of predatory mites (Acarina : Phytoseiidae) from Kerala (India). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 81-4.

Two new species of predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae viz. Amblyseius (Amblyseius) mohanasundarami sp. nov. and A. koothaliensis sp. nov. are described with appropriate illustrations.

2 illus, 6 ref

002556   Anand L R (Dep of Zool, Univ Coll of Sci Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007) : Association of a nematode Ceratosolenus racemosa gen N Sp N (Cylindrocorporidae: Rhabditida goodey, 1939) a wasp (Ceratosolen sp.N.) and fig Ficus racemosa. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 59-62.

The association of cylindrocorporid nematode species with a fig pollinating wasp Ceraiosolen sp. in the figs of Ficus racemosa is studied. The new genus Ceratosolenus sp. is erected to accommodate the nematode Ceratosolenus racemosa. The new genus differs from other members of the family Cylindrocorporidae, in lacking winged lepoderan tail, caudal papillae and caudal alae in males. The biology of the nematode is also discussed. The inflorescences of the fig tree Ficus racemosa were collected in different stages of development. Figs collected in and around areas of Hyderabad and were found to be pollinated by the wasp belonging to the genus Ceratosolen sp. Different species of nematodes were found to be associated with the fig inflorescence and wasp. The inflorescences collected from different trees, opened in distilled water and left for 10-15 minutes. The nematodes were collected, heat killed in distilled water and temporary mounts were prepared for immediate observation. Permanent mounts were made after fixing the material in fixative of formaline-glycerine mixture (96 parts of 4% formaline and 4 parts of glycerine) and processed with Steinhorst's slow method and mounted with anhydrous Nile blue glycerine and sealed with DPX.

1 illus, 10 ref

002555   Al Dokhi O A;Al Onazee Y Z;Mubarak M (Zool Dep, Coll of Sci King Saud Univ, P O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia, Email: aldokhi@ksu.edu.sa) : Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis of the snake Eryx jayakari (Squamata, Reptilia). II. Sperm tail differentiation. Indian J appl pure Biol 2005, 20(1), 107-14.

The major ultrastructural aspects of the sperm tail differentiation in the snake, Eryx jayakari have been described. The proximal centriole is initially inserted in the nuclear implantation fossa and the distal centriole initiated the formation of the microtubular axoneme. Consequently, the neck region and middle, principal and end tail pieces developed. The formation of the mitochondrial sheath was limited to the middle piece while the fibrous sheath extended through the middle and principal pieces. The process of differentiation manifested absence of these sheaths in the endtail piece which consisted only of the microtubular axoneme surrounded by the sperm plasmalemma.

7 illus, 31 ref

002554   Afreen Zafar;Sultana N (Dep of Zool, A N D Coll, Kanpur-208 012) : Zooplankton and microinvertebrates of river Ganga at Kanpur. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2005, 25(1), 63-6.

In the investigation zooplankton density was conducted of river Ganga between Parmat ghat upto Jajmau bridge covering an area of 10 km during July 2002 to June 2003. Monthly samples were collected from the sites of Parmat ghat, Golla ghat and Ganga bridge (Jajmau). It was observed that zooplankton density was maximum during summer and minimum during rainy season at all the selected sites. Qualitative zooplankton fauna belongs to different groups i.e. protozoans, rotifers, cladocerans and copepods. Dominant zooplankton were Paramecium sp., Brachionous sp., Filinia sp. and Keratella sp. From the study it can be concluded that the water quality of river was responsible for qualitative and quantitative variation in zooplankton at the sites studied.

1 illus, 24 ref

001384   Yeragi S G;Yeragi S S (Mar Lab, K.J. Somaiya college of Sci, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 077) : Photo attractive traditional methods of fishing in Mithbav creek, Thane, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 167-8.

Mithbav creek is still today following the traditional fishing methods. Amongst the photo attractive method is very popular and cent percentage catch is of Mugil spp. This is carried out in monsoon during night time only. The total catch is more during low tide compared to high tide. The driver and the net holder are very active in this fishing because slight noise drives the fish away from the bank. The depth near the bank is less so density of fish is more. The petromax fishery period is exactly opposite to Zila.

1 table, 2 ref

001383   Vyjayandi M C;Narendran T C (Dep of Zool, Providence Women's Coll, Calicut-673 009) : A new species of praying mantis from India. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(3), 1807-08.

A new species of Amantis is described from Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Characteristic differences between the other species is provided.

6 illus, 2 ref

001382   Visweswara Rao J;Shameem A (Dep of Mar Living Resources, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Johnieops dutti, a new species of croaker (Pisces: Sciaenidae) from the Bay of Bengal. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 57-60.

Fishes of the family Sciaenidae form an important item of fishery in the warm shallow seas and estuaries of the world. Since 1935 attempts have been made to bring taxonomic synthesis of the knowledge, especially notable in the Indo-Pacific areas is the work of Lin, 1940, Chu, Lo and Wu, 1963, Mohan, 1969, Ethelwynn Trewavas,1976 and Sasaki, 1996. A new sciaenid species Johnieops dutti, is described from six specimens collected from the Bay of Bengal on the East Coast of India. This species differs from other species of genus Johnieops in having much oblique mouth, evenly convex dorsal profile, higher number of soft dorsal fin rays and without filament on first ray of pelvic fin.

1 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

001381   Thomas B K;Manikandan K P;Perumal P;Rajkumar M (Cent of Advd Study in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: arunachalashivamdr@yahoo.com) : Biofilm can it form an alternate food source in culturing cyclopoid copepod, Oithona rigida Giesbrecht. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 197-203.

Most controlled feeding experiments with zooplankton have used phytoplankton species endemic to the surface waters of the ocean as food. The intertidal areas have an important role in estuarine ecology, where the epibenthic algal community (Biofilms) along with exopolymer mucus secretions of bacteria and diatoms are potential food for benthic and water column animals. A considerable input of intertidal biofilms into the water column occurs as a result of tidal resuspension. The study on these alternate pathways may provide valuable information on the food-chain energetics of estuarine zooplankton.

^ccr3 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

001380   Thirunavukkarasu N;Veerappan N (Cent of Advd Study In Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Cercariae of trematodes from Vellar, Pitchavaram and Coleroon regions, Tamil Nadu. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 111-12.

Snails play a key role in most trematode life cycles as obligate first intermediate hosts. Different gastropod species were screened for occurrence of larval trematodes by natuaral hastening and dissection methods. The cercariae were identified from the infected snails.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

001379   Surve P R;Ambore N E;Pulle J S (Dept. of Zool, Shri Shivaji Coll, Kandhar, Dist. Nanded) : Population dynamics of microzootic fauna of Kandhar dam water, district Nanded, Maharashtra, India. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 17-21.

Investigation has been undertaken to study the population dynamics of microzootic fauna of Kandhar dam water during the year 1999. The monthly variations of microzootic faunas such as protozoans, rotifers, helminth eggs and arthropods were studied. The minimum population was during summer while maximum during monsoon season. Rotifer was the most dominant group followed by arthropods, helminths eggs and protozoans. About 19 zooplankton species were observed during study.

5 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

001378   Sunil Kumar;Singh B;Neeraj Kumar (Dep of Ent & Agric Zool, Rajendra Agric Univ, Bihar, Pusa (Samastipur)-848 125) : Population of pod borers on pre-rabi pigeonpea. J Res-Birsa Agric Univ 2004, 16(1), 143-5.

^ssc2 tables

001377   Sirsat D B;Ambore N E;Pulle J S (Zool Dep, Kai. Shankarrao Gutte Coll, Dharmapuri, Tq. Parli (V.), Dist. Beed) : Study of phytoplankton of freshwater pond at Dharmapuri in Beed district, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 7-10.

Phytoplanktons which are present in natural water bodies are organized and are not haphazardly distributed. They respond to the ecological factors. The phytoplankton groups such as Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae and their genera of Dharmapuri pond were studied during the year 2001-02. About 24 genera were observed during the study period. The blue green-algal species which produce biotoxins and exert influence on biota such as Microcystis, Nostoc, Anabaena, Lyngbya, Oscillatoria were found in the water body.

1 table, 17 ref

001376   Singh S (Zool Dep, K.B. Women's Coll Vinoba Bhave Univ, Hazaribag-825 301) : The seasonal numerical variation in gonado-somatic index value and ova diameter of Channa punctatus (Bloch). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2005, 4(3), 377-9.

Numerical changes in the gonado-somatic index (GSI) value and ova diameter of the fish Channa punctatus have been correlated with the seasonal changes in ovarian activity. During experimentation the least value of average ova diameter (22 micron) and GSI (1.70) were recorded in the beginning of resting phase (November), while highest value of average ova diameter (660 micron) and GSI (10.00) were found in the end of spawning phase (August) in the fish.

1 table, 10 ref

001375   Singh P;Singh N B (Dep of Anim Sci, M J P Rohilkhand Univ, Bareilly-243 006) : Population build up of aphids and their predator Coccinella septempunctata Linn. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in mustard and rose plantations. J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 39-41.

A survey conducted in 2002-2003 in the district of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, revealed that the plants of Brassica napus were severely infested only by two species of aphid viz. Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). The rose plantation, however, were infested by Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) rosae (Linn.) only. The ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata Linn. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was recorded as the most common predator associated with the aphids. The total population of the L. erysimi peaked in the month of February (Lalphatak, 1402, Bilwa 1515 and Bitherichainpur 1639 aphids/plant). The Ladybeetle populations, on the other hand, were maximal during the month of March-April. In case of rose plants also, the population of M. rosae reached the maximal level in the month of February while the maximal number of ladybeetle (1.99-5.33 beetles/plant) was observed in the field from February to April.

6 illus, 8 ref

001374   Singh K;Arya H (Pest and Parasite Res Lab Postgrad Dep of Zool, Bareilly Coll, Bareilly-243 005) : Insecticidal activity of the ethanolic extract of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae) leaves against the mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) (Homoptera : Aphididae) and its predator coccinella septempunctata Linn. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 61-4.

Insecticidal activity of the ethanolic extract of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, leaves was examined against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), a key pest of Brassica oil seeds and vegetables. The extract was found to be highly effective as 4 and 6 per cent concentration caused complete mortality of nymphs and adults, respectively, after 96 h of treatment. Fecundity was also reduced significantly. However, it was found to be safe for its predator Coccinella septempunctata Linn. Therefore, the extract of L. esculentum appeared to be a potent aphicide on Brassica oil seed crop against mustard aphid.

3 tables, 10 ref

001373   Singh K;Arya H (Pest and Parasite Res Lab Postgrad Dep of Zool, , Bareilly College, Bareilly-243 005) : Aphidicidal activity of petroleum ether extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) and madhuca indica Gmelin (Mahua) seeds against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera : Aphididae). J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 55-9.

Aphidicidal activity of the petroleum ether extract of seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) and Madhuca indica Gmelin (mahua) was tested against the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), which causes damage to Brassica oil seed crop. Neem extract was found to be very effective as it caused 100% mortality of both nymphs and adults at a concentration of 4% in 72 h. Mahua extract, however, exhibited a limited activity and caused a mortality of 41.2% in nymphs and 37.8% in adults at the same concentration and period.

5 tables, 9 ref

001372   Singh D;Prasad S;Singh R (Aphid Biocontrol Lab Dep of Zool, D D U Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Demography of Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae), a parasitoid of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) reared on Brassica campestris Linn. J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 65-70.

Different life-table statistics of the aphid parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were estimated on its host, the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting Brassica campestris Linn, such as age-specific survivorship, reproductive and net fecundity rates; intrinsic rate of natural increase; doubling time of the population; generation time etc. under constant laboratory condition. Female parasitoid survived 11.3±2.8 d. Total fecundity rate (R_t) and net reproductive rate (R_o) were 229.7±24.9 SD progeny/female, and 141.6±14.7 SD daughters/ female, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural increase was estimated 0.2654. The generation time (GT) was observed to be 18.7 days. The doubling time (DT) of the population was estimated 2.6 day. Progeny sex ratio was females biased (p=0.383). All these information will be helpful in programming the biological control attempt of L. erysimi while utilising the D. rapae as a bioagent.

4 illus, 1 table, 17 ref