001371   Shukla S;Dass S K;Saksena D N (Zool Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi-294 128) : Effect of sublethal exposure of an organophosphorus pesticide, Nuvan of liver of catfish, Clarias batrachus. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2005, 4(3), 447-52.

The effect of sublethal concentration of an organophosphorus pesticide, Nuvan (DDVP) on their liver of fresh water catfish, Clarias batrachus has been studied. The liver of fish exposed to 0.10mL of Nuvan showed loss of normal polyhedral shape. The vacuoles had appeared in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes after 10 days exposure. An institute vacuolization was observed in the hepatocytes and the cytoplasm was produced and nuclei shrinked due to clumping of nuclear material after 20 days of exposure. When exposed to increased Nuvan concentration (0.16/mL), the hepatocytes exhibited reduction in their size and peripheral accumulation of cytoplasm. The nuclei of the hepatocytes lost their rounded appearance and the cell membrane were also damaged after 10 days of exposure. The hepatocytes became more compact and the cell boundaries become obliterated at places after 20 days of pesticide exposure. The hemorrhage in liver was evident by increased volume of sinusoidal space. The total proteins have decreased in the liver after the fish was exposed to 0.10/mL and 0.16/mL of Nuvan for 10 and 20 days. The liver glycogen was also reduced in the fishes exposed to 0.10/mL and 0.16/mL of Nuvan for 10 and 20 days.

^ssc5 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

001370   Shashidhar R;Jajoo S;Karani M;Warrier S B; Bandekar J R (Fd Technol Div, Bhabha Atom Res Cent, Mumbai-400 085, Email: jrb@magnum.barc.ernet.in) : Studies on Salmonella isolates from fishery products. Fish Technol 2005, 42(2), 217-24.

Salmonella isolates obtained from fishery products were studied with respect to their sensitivity to antibiotics, ionizing radiation and chlorine water treatment. The optimum pH range for the growth of the isolates was determined. The isolates were also characterized for pathogenicity related genes based on PCR assay. None of the 34 isolates under study were resistant to 16 antibiotics tested. All isolates were sensitive to chlorine water treatment (25 ppm) when treated in saline, but they were resistant when treatment was in organic medium. Optimum growth of all isolates was observed in the pH range of 5 to 7; however, S. typhimurium and S. worthington could grow even at pH 4. The PCR based identification of pathogenicity related genes invA and spvC showed that both genes were present in S. gallinarum and S. enteritidis and only invA was present in S. typhimurium and S. worthington. D₁₀ value for these serovars irradiated in brain heart infusion broth was in the range of 270 to 289 Gy.

3 illus, 2 Tables, 31 ref

001369   Shantibala T;Nonita M;Singh T K (Aphid Res Lab Dep of Life Sci Manipur Univ, , Canchipur-795 003) : Efficiency of food utilisation by an aphid predator, Lemnia bisselata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) on Cervaphis rappardi indica Basu (Homoptera : Aphididae). J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 23-6.

Quantitative food utilisation indices, efficiency of conversion of ingested as well as digested food materials of different larval instars and adult of Lemma bisselata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Cervaphis rappardi indica Basu (Homoptera: Aphididae) were conducted under Laboratory conditions. Observations on various parameters like food consumption, assimilation, egestion and tissue growth increased with the advancement in their larval stages. The conversion of this aphid biomass to predator biomass decreased with their ages. Efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) were recorded maximum in first, second and third instar respectively. Food ingestion was found positively correlated with assimilation, egestion and tissue growth indicating age dependent response.

1 table, 10 ref

001368   Saravanakumar K;Rajagopal S;Vijayanand P; Yuvaraj D (Cent of Advd Study in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Conservation and sustainable utilization of the flying fish resources along the coromandel coast of India. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 175-8.

The flying fish-fishery is a seasonal fishery on the east coast of India, particularly along the Coromandel coast, during the months of May-August. These fishes are caught during this season by Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD), when they come offshore to inshore for spawning. This is practiced world-over, and continuous, uncontrolled, such exploitation may lead to total depletion of the stock. In view point of conservation and sustainable utilization, a proposal for the regulated harvest during alternate years is proposed and banning flying fish fishing from June to July, their peak spawning season (Peak GSI) is suggested, for the government to implement necessary regulations.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

001367   Saravanakumar K;Rajagopal S;Vijayanand P; Yuvaraj D (Cent of Advd Study in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Length-weight relationships of the flying fish Exocoetus volitans from Cuddalore coastal waters Tamil Nadu, India. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 45-7.

The length-weight relationship was computed for the flying fish Exocoetus volitans. A total 150 indiviuduals (85 males and 65 females) were used for the study. The fish samples were collected during May 2002-August 2002 from Cuddalore coastal waters, Tamilnadu, East Coast of India. The parameters a and b of the equation W=a L^b were estimated. The value of b ranged from 1.91 to 2.96.

2 illus, 13 ref

001366   Sakthivel V;Dalvie V V;Rangray R (Dep of Zool, S.V.K.M.'S. Mithibai Coll, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400 056) : Comparative study of quality of backwater in and around Ju-chandra, taluka- Vasai, Thane - an attempt to assess suitability for prawn culture at the sites proposed by the Government of Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 161-6.

Coastal zones are unique as they are located at a transitional interface where the interplay of marine and terrestrial processes creates an array of eco-habitats that harbor varied ecosystems. Maharashtra has a coastline of 720 km. The state of Maharashtra has about 70 small and big creeks along the coastline, which contributes about 80,000 hectares of backwaters and creeks. A survey conducted by the Fisheries department revealed that only 14,000 hectares is utilized for active inland fisheries. In the year 1985 the Government decided to lease these creeks to private entrepreneurs for prawn / fish cultivation. By the scheme of the Government of Maharashtra (G.R. dated 23rd November 2001) the creeks like Bassein and Bhayander could be leased to farmers for prawn cultivation. This project was conducted for a period of ten months in the year 2002-2003.The quality of water at the three sites selected for analysis namely Chobare/Umela, Ju-Chandra and Bassein creek was found to be reasonably suitable for prawn culture as the concerned parameters fair within the range specified by M.P.E.D.A. for prawn fanning.

1 table, 3 ref

001365   Sahu M K;Soundarapandian P (Cent of Advd Study in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Laboratory mass live feed culture of Brachionus plicatilis. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 141-4.

The Brachionus plicatilis was mass cultured in the laboratory. The culture experiments were carried out in 20 liter trough in a range of water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen using combinations of feeds consisting of Chlorella vulgaris + Baker's yeast. Significant population densities were recorded at a range of temperature (25-30° C), salinity (25-27 ppt, pH (7-8.5) and dissolved oxygen (5-7.5 mg/lit). The results of study revealed that in all the experiments there was an increase in the population with increasing time up to 7 days. Further, higher population density was recorded with salinity range of 30 to 35 ppt; pH of 6 to 7 and DO of 5.0 to 7.5 mg/l. Temperature appears to have little influence as at all experimental temperatures density reached peak at the end of 7 days. Nevertheless, initially at 20 to 27° C there was fast built up of population density. However, with passage of time temperature appears to loose its impact as is observed from same level of population at the end of 7th day.

4 tables, 15 ref

001364   Sachan G C;Pande D (Dep of Ent, G P Pant Univ of Agric & Technol, Pantnagar-263 145, U S Nagar, Uttaranchal) : Settling and feeding behaviour of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) (Homoptera : Aphididae) on single and double zero brassicas. J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 71-3.

Settling both by apterous and winged morphs and feeding behaviour of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) indicates that to B. napus varieties having zero for erucic acid as well as double zero both for erucic acid as well as glucosinolates have no threat from this insect as it has same reactions even with varieties having higher concentrations of these. In general B. napus is less preferred as compared to B. Campestris and B. Juncea.

1 table, 4 ref

001363   Sachan G C (Dep of Ent, Coll of Agric G B Pant Univ of Agric and Technol, Pantnagar-263 145, Uttaranchal) : Developmental behaviour of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on some exotic Brassicas. J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 49-53.

Laboratory experiment on the growth and development of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) indicated that nymphal period did not differ on Brassica species/varieties. Number of moults were more on B. alba and less on B. noddle. Maximum nymphal survival was observed on S. alba and varieties of B. juncea namely PR 18, Varuna and Porbiraya and lower survival on WW 1313, Pant n2, Trawse, Altex, Olivia and Pant n1, the varieties of B. napus. Reproductive period was longest on Porbiraya followed by S. alba and minimum on Pant n2. Fecundity rate was maximum on S. alba followed by PR 18 and Porbiraya and minimum on Pant nl. Significantly low number of nymphs were laid/female on B. napus varieties as compared to varieties of B. juncea, S. alba, B. alba, B. noddle and B. nigra. Minimum aphids were recorded on PC-1 and maximum on S. alba. On the basis of success index S. alba is more susceptible than PR 18 followed by Porbiraya, Varuna, PR 15, B. nigra Stoke, Lethbridge, B. alba, Blaze, B. noddle. Tilde, PC-2, Olivia, Trawse Pc1, Altex, Pant n2 and WW 1313 indicating that B. juncea is more susceptible than other species particularly as compared to B. napus and B. carinata. Among the B. juncea indigenous varieties are more susceptible to this insect.

2 tables, 10 ref

001362   Rose H S;Pooni H S (Dep of zoology, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: profhsrose@yahoo.com) : Taxonomic studies on the superfamily pterophoroidea (Lepidoptera) from northwestern India. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(3), 1787-1803.

Eighteen species belonging to 14 genera viz., Deuterocopus Zeller (Deuterocopinae), Oxyptilus Zeller, Sphenarches Meyrick. Stenoptilia Hubner, Stenoptilodes Zimmerman, Lantanophaga Zimmerman, Amblyptilia Hubner, Gypsochares Meyrick, Exelastis Meyrick, Tomotilus Yano, Procapperia Adamczewski, Megalorrhipida Amsel, Prichotilus gen. nov. and Stenodacma Amsel (Pterophorinae) of the respective, subfamily of the family Pterophoridae (Pterophoroidea) have, been collected from northwestern India and dealt with taxonomically. Key to the examined 13 genera of the subfamily Pterophorinae has been prepared on the basis of wing venation and male and female genitalic characters. Further, keys to the species of the genera such as Exelastis Meyrick, Megalontiipida Amsel and Stenodacma Amsel represented by more than one species have also been furnished. The genus Tomotilus Yano is being reported for the first time from India. The distribution of the species Deuterocopus planeta Meyrick, Stenoptilia petraea Meyrick, Stenoptilodes taprobanes (Felder and Rogenhofer), Amblyptilia forcipeta (Zeller), Exelastis phlyctaenias Meyrick, Procapperia pelecyntes (Meyrick) and Trichoptilus bidens Meyrick stands updated through an addition of more localities from northwestern India. Three new species, one of genus Lantanophaga and two of genus Megalorrhipida have been reported from the area, under reference. Besides giving an, illustrated, account of the new species, the gentalic account of already known species have been added to improve the descriptive account of these biological species.

68 illus, 33 ref

001361   Rishi S;Sharma M;Jindal A (Dep of Zool, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119) : A study of Esterases in fresh water fish Channa punctatus. J Cytol Genet 2004, 5(2), 153-7.

Esterase enzymes patterns have been studied in the liver tissue of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. The extracts were run on polyacrylamide gel. Zymo-grams showed that esterases were localized in 2 zones, a faster and a slower migrating zone. No polymorphism could be detected in the slow migrating zone.

3 illus, 22 ref

001360   Rema Devi K;Indra T J;Raghunathan M B; Ravichandran M S (Zool Surv of India Sth Regional Stn, , # 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028) : Fish fauna of the Anamalai hill ranges, Western Ghats, India. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(3), 1809-11.

Based on the surveys undertaken by the Southern Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India and from earlier reports from Anamalai, Nelliampathi, Parambikulam WLS and Cardamom hills, a comprehensive list of the fish fauna of the Anamalai hill ranges is provided here. It comparises of 88 species including some new species described recently and several new records. A note on endemicity and species diversity is provided.

1 table, 15 ref

001359   Reddya Naik B;Reddy P U (Zool Dep, P.G. Coll of Sci Osmania Univ, Saifabad, Hyderabad, Email: bannothreddya@yahoo.co.in) : Metabolic alterations of glycogen in larvivorous fish (Poecilia reticulata) released in municipal sewage water. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 89-91.

Once the larvivorous fish was shifted from its natural habitat for a specific cause of mosquito control it experiences environmental stress. To compensate this stress the organism drives the energy through metabolic break down of carbohydrates. The present investigations were carried out in municipal sewage water at laboratory conditions. The glycogen content on 12hrs of observation in sewage water has suddenly decreased, while is increased to a significant level in fresh water. This variation certainly may be, due to type of water quality, due to sewage pollution; fish was under stress and lost energy in the form of glycogen. In the fresh water the glycogen synthetase might be triggered to synthesize the glycogen significantly simultaneously in the phosphorylase could be inactivated. At the same time due to sewage water pollution in the early starvation due to inhibitory feeding behaviour it leads to breakdown of glycogen which is a readily utilizable energy source in fish. However from 48 hrs of introduction in sewage water the glycogen alterations trend was changed. This observation clearly indicates that the fish was capable for adapting to its ambiance with due acclimatization to the new environment.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

001358   Rastogi R;Pal S;Singh H S (Dep of Zool, C.C.S. Univ, Meerut-250 004) : Review of male copulatory complex of various species of the genus Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1950, reported from India. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 101-10.

Present communication deals with a detailed review of male copulatory complex of different species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1950 reported from various Indian piscine hosts. Present review shows morphology, anatomy, different measurements, species to species variation and use of proper terminology for different parts of male copulatory complexes of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1950.

^iia50 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

001357   Rajkumar M;Santhanam P;Perumal P (Cent of Advd study in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: arunachalashivamdr@yahoo.com) : Report on new host record of Cymothoa indica Schioede and Meinert, 1884 (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Parangipettai coastal water, Southern coast of India. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 113-14.

The cymothoid isopod parasite, Cymothoa indica is recorded for the first time from the spot-tail needlefish, Strongylura strongylura from Parangipettai coastal waters and for the second time from Indian waters. Out of 135 Spot-tail Needlefishes examined 65.92% were found to be infected by gravid females.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

001356   Rajendra Singh;Agrawal R;Pandey S (Aphid Biocontrol Lab Dep of Zool, DDU Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009, Email: rsingh_gpu@yahoo.com) : Records of the aphids (Insecta: Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting medicinal plants of India. J Aphidology 2004, 17(1-2), 1-58.

There are 25 families of medicinal plants which are infested by more than 10 aphid species. Maximum number of aphid species infests the medicinal plants belonging to family Asteraceae (95 aphid species) followed by Rosaceae (77 aphid species), Poaceae (67 aphid species), Fagaceae (40 aphid species), Polygonaceae (30 aphid species), Solanaceae (30 aphid species), Labiatae (23 aphid species) and Fabaceae (20 aphid species). However, extensive and intensive surveys to various ecological niches under diverse climatic conditions in future may reveal many more medicinal plants infested by the aphids. The list is arranged aphid-wise/plant-wise as well as plantwise-aphidwise to facilitate easy location.

9 ref

001355   Rajasegar M;Rajkumar M (Cent of Advd study in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Length weight relationship of scat fish, Scatophagus argus (Bloch) from Parangipettai coastal waters, Tamil Nadu. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 43-4.

The length-weight relationship of 101 numbers of Scatophagus argus was collected from Parangipettai coastal waters and computed. Total length varied from 6.0 cm 19.8 cm and weight ranged from 14.5 to 215.8 g. The 'b' value is 2.59 and the results showed significant correlation between length-weight.

1 illus, 5 ref

001354   Radha G;Logaswamy S;Logankumar K (PG and Res Dep of Zool, Kongunadu Arts and Sci Coll, Coimbatore-641 029) : Effect of dimethoate on haematological changes in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio var. communis. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2005, 4(3), 445-6.

Effect of sublethal concentration of dimethoate on haematological parameters of the fish Cyprinus carpio var. commuis was studied. The study showed significant changes in the values of haemoglobin content and total count of cells. The changes are attributed to the reaction of the haematopoietic system and release of blood cells from peripheral tissue capillaries.

^ssc1 table, 12 ref

001353   Perumalsamy K;Thangamani A (Dep of Zool, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal Coll, Sivakasi (W)-626 124) : Species diversity indices of phytoplankton richness and evenness and pollution indicators in perennial ponds in Tamil Nadu. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 23-7.

Study of diversity indices of phytoplankton provides information on environmental pollution and its adverse impact on structure and function of an aquatic ecosystem. The physico-chemical characteristics were studied in three perennial ponds, viz., Maruluthu pond, Kalapperumalpatti and Thamaraikulam pond in Virudhunagar district of Tamilnadu during the period, of July 2003 to December 2003. A total of 43 species of phytoplankton belonging to different taxonomic groups were identified. Among these, 11 species belong to Bacillariophyceae, 18 species to Chlorophyceae, 11 species to Cyanophyceae and 3 species to Charophyceae. The numerical superiority of phytoplankton reveals that Cosmarium depressum (6.663 10 units/l) is dominant in Maruluthu pond. The maximum value of Margalef index (R1) of species richness (6.89) was recorded in Kalapperumalpatti pond. However, the high value of species evenness index (E1) was recorded (0.96) in Thamaraikulam pond. The maximum value of Shannon's overall index (H') of species diversity (3.13) was recorded in Kalapperumalpatti pond. Microsystis aeruginosa, Anabaena, Gleotrichia, Aphanizomenon, Chlorella, Naviculla and Nitchia were observed in all the three ponds. These are pollution indicator species used for monitoring the environment.

4 tables, 11 ref

001352   Patole S S;Mahajan R T (Zool Dep, Mooljee Jaitha Coll, Jalgaon-425 002) : Effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of the Cestrum nocturnum (Linn) on histomorphological changes in gill of fish: Nemachaelius evezardi (Day). J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 135-40.

The leaves of Cesturm noctrunum (Linn), a member of family Solanaceae is highly toxic to terrestrial and aquatic animal. In order to locate the exact mechanism of action of this plant as piscicidal agent, studies on histomorphological structure of gill is carried out in a fresh water fish: Nemachaelius evezardi (Day). On evaluation of LC₅₀ value of the aqueous extract of leaves of Cestrum noctrunum, by a static bioassay, it was found to be 21.0 mg per litre for 96 hours, while it was 6.0 mg per litre of 96 hours for a digitonin, a chemically pure natural product. The longitudinal section of the gill of the control fish showed intact gill stem and gill lamellae, while L.S. of gill of experimental animal showed elongated gill lamellae and vacuolation in gill lamellae at both dose levels, 1/4 and 3/4 of Lc₅₀ value of digitonin. The aqueous extract of the leaves of Cestrum noctrunum exposed fish gills also showed elongated gill lamellae, vacuolation and degeneration of epithelial gill cells at 1/4 dose level. On raising the dose up to 3/4, it causes disruption in normal structure and shortening of lamellae. Present investigation reveals that effectiveness in alteration of gill structure by plant extract is almost parallel to digitonin and it is due to saponin /alkaloid present in it. Alteration in gill architect by these toxicants is reported here.

5 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

001351   Pandey K P;Singh R;Singh R R (G S Sugarcane Breed & Res Inst, , Seorahi-274 407) : Resurgence of sugarcane aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner (Homoptera: Aphididae : Hormaphidinae) on sugarcane crops in western U. P. and Uttaranchal. J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 75-7.

The resurgence of sugarcane woolly aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner (Homoptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae) on standing crop of sugarcane in and around Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Dehradun, Haridwar and adjoining area during the year 2001-2002 was described.

5 ref

001350   Pande D;Sachan G C (Dep of Ent, Coll of Ent G B Pant Univ of Agric and Technol, Pantnagar-263 145, U S Nagar, Uttaranchal) : Biology of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on different oilseeds Brassica. J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 43-7.

Biology of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) was studied on inflorescence of ten oilseeds Brassica viz. Brassica napus (TERI (OE) R03), B. napus (TERI (00) R985), B. napus (TERI (00) R9903), B. napus (Hyola-401), B. napus (GSL-1), B. juncea var. Varuna, B. campestris var. yellow sarson (YST-151), B. carinata (PBC 9221), B. campestris var. toria (PT-30) and B. campestris var. brown sarson (BSH-1) under laboratory conditions. Longest nymphal period was observed in aphids reared on B. carinata (PBC 9221) and B. napus (TERI (00) R985) while it was shorter on B. campestris (PT-30). Highest nymphal survival, reproductive period, fecundity, adult longevity and total life span were recorded in aphids reared on B. campestris (PT-30). Various growth indices were also computed and B. campestris (PT-30) was taken as standard host plant. Howe's growth index was maximum on B. campestris (BSH-1) and lowest on B. napus (TERI (00) R985). Highest success index was recorded in B. campestris (YST-151) and B. campestris (BSH-1). This clearly indicates that B. campestris var. YST-151, BSH-1 and PT-30 were more suitable while B. carinata (PBC-9221) and B. juncea var. Varuna least suitable for growth and development of L. erysimi.

2 tables, 9 ref

001349   Pampatwar D V;Ambore N E (Zool Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded) : The respiratory activity levels in a sluggish & active fish : a comparative study from Nanded district, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 93-100.

The air breathing fish normally occupy an environment where sudden changes in ambient gas composition do not occur. The conclusive events in Channa gachua and Labeo rohita may be summarized as follows : In Channa gachua low weight animals exhibit low rate of O₂ consumption. As weight of the body increases it showed sharp and significant increase in the rate of oxygen consumption. At a certain stage in the life cycle of this fish the rate of oxygen consumption reaches its peak. At the end of this limiting level, it shows sudden decline in rate of total oxygen consumption even though there was further increase in the body weight. In Labeo rohita the total oxygen consumption showed gradual increase with respect to weight of the body. The gradual increase limits at certain level where total oxygen consumption is maximum. This rate further declines despite increase in the body weight. In general the rate of oxygen consumption is inversely proportional to weight of the body. At lowest weight groups the rate of oxygen consumption is highest and as the body weight increases, rate of oxygen consumption decreases. The total O₂ consumption is more in Labeo rohita as compared to Channa gachua, thereby indicating that physiologically the former fish is more active than the latter species of the fish. Generally the rate of O₂ consumption is proportional to activity of a fish and present study showed that it is more in Labeo rohita than Channa gachua.

2 tables, 77 ref

001348   Palpandi C;Ananthan G;Sampathkumar P;Kannan L (CAS in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Biochemical composition of sponges from Palk bay region, southeast coast of India. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 191-2.

Eight species of sponges were collected at monthly intervals from the Palk Bay region during 2003 and the proximate composition (protein, carbohydrates and lipid) were analysed. There exist notable variations among the proteins, carbohydrates and lipids collected from the sponges. Viz. Spongia officinalis var ceylonenis, Spirastrella inconstans, Hytattella cribriformis, Dysidea fragilis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Haliclona temiramosa, Callyspongia diffusa and Psammaplysilla purpurea. The higher organic constituents of the sponges are soluble and insoluble protein. The total protein content ranged from 23.31 to 75.56% dr.wt. The levels of carbohydate and lipid content varied from 1.28 to 3.14% and 0.33 to 1.64% dr. wt respectively.

1 table, 10 ref

001347   Nonita M;Bijaya P;Singh T K (Aphid Res Lab Dep of Life Sci, Manipur Univ, Canchipur, Imphal-795 003, Manipur) : Effect of abiotic factors on the aerial activity of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera : Aphididae) on brinjal. J Aphidology 2004, 17(1-2), 63-6.

Experiment was conducted to study the population dynamics of incoming migrant alatae of Aphis gossypii Glover on brinjal, local variety Barahmasika. The winged aphids were caught in yellow pan traps (YPT) installed in the field. Maximum aerial activity of the pest was observed in February during both the cropping seasons. The catches in the trap were, however, low or negligible during certain months viz., November and December. In addition, among the abiotic parameters, temperature and rainfall predominantly influenced their activity.

2 illus, 13 ref

001346   Narendran T C;Girish Kumar P (NO, , ) : A new species of Torymus Dalman (Hymenoptera: torymidae) from West Malaysia. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(3), 1805-06.

A New species of Torymus, Torymus kovaci, phytophagous on the clumps of Gigantochloa scortechinii Gamble in West Malaysia is described.

6 illus, 6 ref

001345   Naik S J K;Piska R S;Devi V V (Dep of Zool, P.G. Coll of Sci Osmania Univ, Saifabad, Hyderabad-500 004) : Antioxidant defense mechanisms in Cyprinus carpio communis L. against cadmium chloride toxicity. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 123-6.

Study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant defense mechanism (SOD, GST and Catalases) in hepatic tissue of a fresh water common carp, Cyprinus carpio communis (Linnaeus), exposed to a sublethal concentration of cadmium chloride (Cd²⁺) for a period of 28 days. A significant increased antioxidant defense activity was observed from 6th day onwards, maintained upto 14th day and then decreased slightly on the 28th day of exposure to cadmium chloride. The overall result reveals that the antioxidant enzyme functions offer protection against Cd²⁺ toxicity.

1 table, 21 ref

001344   Nagpure N S;Ravindra Kumar;Verma M S; Srivastava S K;Anna Mercy T V;Gopalkrishnan A;Basheer V S (NO, Natn Bur of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Telibagh, P. O. Dilkusha, Lucknow-226 002) : Characterization of fish Pristolepis marginata jerdon using cytogenetic markers. J Cytol Genet 2004, 5(2), 167-72.

Genetic characterization of Pristolepis marginata, an endemic fish species of the Western Ghats of India has been carried out using conventional staining, nucleolus organizer regions (Ag-NORs) staining, C- and DA/DAPI-staining. Chromosome spreads were prepared from kidney tissues following hypotonic treatment - acetic acid - methanol fixation - flamedrying technique. The diploid chromosome number was found to be 48 and all chromosomes were telocentric. Silver staining revealed the presence of telomeric NORs on one pair of chromosomes. The chromosomes exhibited conspicuous C-bands on the centromeric region of 9 pairs of chromosomes. DA/DAPI-staining, however, was not found useful in this species since all chromosomes were found to be uniformly stained. The usefulness of these cytogenetic markers in resolving taxoriomic ambiguities has been discussed.

32 ref

001343   Mohan R;Thirunavukkarasu N;Ilavarasan N (Cent of Advd Study In Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Catfish farming with slaughter house chicken waste as supplementary feed - A boon to aquaculturist. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 149-51.

Clarias gariepinus was cultured in earthen experimental pond of 0.015 ha surface area. The fingerlings (mean weight 25.8 g) were at one per m² density in the pond. Cooked slaughter house chicken waste as supplementary feed was given as per specified feeding schedule. Final mean weight of C. gariepinus was recorded on day 90 was 1055 ±222.1 g. The gross production was calculated to be 10282 kg/ha/crop with the final survival of 97%. The good production levels of C. gariepinus could be obtained by giving cooked slaughterhouse chicken waste as supplementary feed and maintaining low stocking density.

2 tables, 16 ref

001342   Mishra R M;Gupta P;Yadav G P (Sch of Environmental Biol, A P S Univ, Rewa-486 003) : Intensity and diversity of flower-visiting insects in relation to plant density of Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk. Trop Ecol 2004, 45(2), 263-70.

The floral syndrome of Zizyphus mauritiaiia Lamk. (Rhamnaceae) reflects its adaptation to insects. Authors examined the blossom visitor assemblage of Z. mauritiaiia in relation to plant density. Results indicate that flowers of this plant species are visited by 86 species of insects which consisted 32 species of wasps, 30 flies, 18 butterflies and 6 bees. Pollinators exhibited temporal fluctuations in their visits. More number of insect species visited the flowers with lower intensities (1 to 10 visits m^-2 h^-1). It is observed that intensity of pollinators species increases with increased plant density. Number of pollinators species and their individuals showed significant difference among the blossoms of three patches of plant density. Similarly, the diversity of pollinators was maximum on dense population and minimum on isolated plant.

4 illus, 1 table, 41 ref

001341   Mathew S;ammu K;Nair P G V;Devadasan K (Biochem and Nutr Div, Cent Inst of Fish Technol, Cochin-682 029, Email: suseela@ciftmail.org) : Seasonal variations in cholesterol content of different species of prawan. Fish Technol 2005, 42(2), 171-6.

Seven species of prawns of different size caught during different seasons were analysed for fat, nonsaponifiable matter (NSM) and cholesterol for a period of 1 year. The cholesterol content was found to be not steady throughout the seasons with alternate ups and downs, the maximum being in August and November. Two way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference in cholesterol content between species as well as between seasons. A negative correlation of cholesterol content was observed between size and months of sampling from March to June.

5 Tables, 12 ref

001340   Manikandan K P;Khan S A (CAS in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: kpmanikandaan@rediffmail.com ) : A new distributional record of Holothuria (theelothuria) spinifera (Theel, 1886) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the marine zone of Vellar estuary. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 53-6.

The holothuroid Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera is being reported for the first time from the marine zone of Vellar estuary. Literature survey reveals that spotting of H. spinifera in this geographical locale is the foremost. Salient features of the holothurian with more emphasis on this new locale, taxonomy with morphologic descriptions of their spicules are provided.

9 illus, 12 ref

001339   Madhyastha N A;Rajendra G M;Shanbhag S (Malacology Cent, Poornaprajna Coll, Udupi-576 101) : Banding polymorphism in Trachia vittata. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(3), 1821-2.

^ssc1 table, 8 ref

001338   Logan Kumar K;Subhashini S (P.G. and Res Dep, Kongunadu Arts and Sci Coll, Coimbatore-641 029) : Ecofriendly approach to control mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2005, 4(3), 455-7.

In recent times of agricultural intensification, the pest control strategy, which chiefly relay on the synthetic organic chemical pesticides, has led to an energy driven escalation in pest control technologies besides forcing the agriculture into the vicious circle of the pesticide treadmill and the sustainability of agriculture at stake as well. It is now realized that the use of chemical pesticides is only doing more harm than benefit to the biosphere. Paper deals with an ecofriendly method of using extract of the plant Vinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus) to control the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus.

3 tables, 2 ref

001337   Lendhe R S;Yeragi S G (Dep of Zool, K.J. Somaiya Coll of Sci and Commerce, Mumbai-400 077) : Seasonal variations in primary productivity of Phirange Kharbav lake, Bhiwandi, district-Thane, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 49-51.

Study was carried out on, Phirange Kharbav lake during the period of two years i.e. September 2000 to August 2002. The lake is situated at Kharbav near Bhiwandi, Dist. - Thane (M.S.). Seasonal variations in Primary Productivity from three sampling stations of the lake were studied. The physico-chemical parameters influencing the Primary Productivity like temperature, pH, carbon dioxide, nitrates and phosphates were also studied. The Gross primary productivity was maximum during the monsoon season and it is attributed to higher levels of these two nutrients.

2 tables, 9 ref

001336   Kumari V;Hanna V (Dep of Zool, Bhavan's New Sci Coll, Hyderabad-500 001) : Histology & histochemistry of the mantle of the marine bio-fouler - Mytilopsis sallei (Recluz) (Dreissenacea, Pelecypoda). J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 79-83.

The structure of mantle in M. sallei strikingly deviates from the usual Bivalvian mantle in many structural and functional details. Here the mantle's margin is longitudinally divided into four folds, a condition which was also observed in Mercenaria mercinaria (Hillman, 1966). Apart from some specialized epithelial sensory cells in the mantle tentacles, a very characteristic osphradial epithelium is observed which is totally absent in many other Pelecypods. The histological and histochemical aspects of different gland cells has been dealt in detail.

1 ref

001335   Kailash Chandra;Gajbe P U (Cent Regional Stn, Zool Surv of India, 424, New Adarsh Colony, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Jabalpur-482 002, Email: kailash611@rediffmail.com) : Inventory of herpetofauna of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Zoos Print J 2005, 20(3), 1812-19.

Comprehensive account of the herpetofaune of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh has been provided, which includes an annotated list of 104 species of amphibia and reptilia along with their distribution in the districts and protected areas. The IUCN status of endangered species and a complete bibliography are also provided.

1 table, 56 ref

001334   Jayprakash Babu U S;Rao B M;Khasim D I;Nair K G R (Res Cent of Cent Inst of Fish Technol, , Pandurangapuram, Andhra University, P.O., Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: cift@itpvis.ap.nic.in) : Biochemical and microbiological quality of formic acid silage and lactobacillus fermented silage. Fish Technol 2005, 42(2), 163-70.

Acid silages (AS) were prepared by mixing formic acid with silver belly (Leiognathus sp.) mince at 2%, 2.5% and 3% (v/w) and fermented silages (FS) were prepared by mixing Lactobacillus plantarum culture with fish mince at 5% (v/w) and molasses at 10% and 12% (v/w). Sodium benzoate was added at 0.5% (w/w) level to FS to inhibit mould growth. pH of 2.5%AS and 3%AS fell below 4.5 within 2 days and stabilized at 4.24 and 4.01, respectively. pH of 2%AS reached a minimum value of 4.68. In 10%FS and 12%FS, the pH dropped to less than 4.5 by the end of 1st day indicating good lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. Crude protein of the silages ranged between 18.22% and 19.17%. Fat was lower in FS (1.0 - 1.14%) than in AS (3.67 - 5.13%) on wet basis. NPN of FS was found to be lower than that in AS which indicates lesser protein breakdown, α-amino nitrogen in FS changed to 21% of TN in 10% FS and 12%FS from an initial concentration of 11% of TN, which was lower than that in AS. PV was lower in AS than in FS. Microbiological quality of AS and FS was found to be good as indicated by the absence of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, coagulase positive Staphylococci and H₂S producing bacteria. Total yeast mould count was highest in 2% AS (1600/g).

1 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref

001333   Dutta S P S;Slathia D (Dep of Environmental Sci, Univ of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, Email: dsenviron1@yahoo.com) : Extension of known range of Eunapius carteri (Bowerbank, 1863) to Udhampur district of Jammu province (J&K). J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 29-31.

The first time the presence of Eunapius carteri from a perennial Tikri nullah Udhampur district, Jammu province, J&K State is reported.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

001332   Dhanapathi M V S S S (NO, , 2-2-II05/I, No. 406, Balaji Arcade, Tilak Nagar, Hyderabad-500 044) : On the occurrence of the rotifer, Trichotria similis (Stenroos, 1898). J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 33-6.

In India, only two rotifer species belonging to the genus Trichotria were earlier reported and Trichotria similis (Strenroos, 1898) is being reported the first time. A key to the identification of species of the genus Trichotria recorded in India along with some other known species is given.

2 illus, 14 ref

001331   Dhaliwal J S;Singh N (Dep of Pl Breed, Punjab Agric Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Bioecology of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Homoptera : Aphididae) on oats. J Aphidology 2004, 18(1-2), 15-21.

Studies regarding various bioecological aspects of Rhopalosiphwn padi (L.) and its predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. were made during 1999-2000 and 2000-2001. C. septempunctata and Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.) were the main predator species attacking R. padi under field conditions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were the main cultivated alternate host plants, but low population was also found on rye grass, Lolium perenne L. which was recorded as a new host of R. padi in Punjab. Aphid population was negatively correlated with temperature and rainfall, while relative humidity had positive correlation, but the results were non-significant. C. septempunctata adults were more efficient than grubs in feeding on aphid at the same level of prey and predator density.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

001330   Devi B C;Ravindranath K;Gnanender S; Rajaratnam B (Coll of Fishery Sci, Acharya NG Ranga Agric Univ, Nellore, Muthukur-524 344) : Breeding and seed production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in culture ponds at Nellore. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 145-7.

Study was carried out on natural breeding and seed production by scampy, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the culture ponds at Nellore region. The physico-chemical parameters in these ponds ranged between 6.4 to 8.8. mg/l (DO); 175 to 35 (Total alkalinity) and 395 to 1040 mg/l. (Total hardness). Only starter feeds were given to the PL. In all the ponds where seed is produced, salinity range was much lower (4 - 6 ppt) when compared to that maintained in the hatcheries. Further improvement in the seed production can be achieved by introducing large berried females, providing aeration, salinity adjustment and by supplying good quality natural and supplementary feeds.

3 tables, 6 ref

001329   Das S;Lyla P S;Ajmal Khan S (CAS in Mar Biol, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Bio-medical aspects of Indian mackerel fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) - remedy for the coronary heart disease. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 153-6.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is due to an artery disease called atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and thrombosis. Fish oil lowers blood levels of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. They make platelets less "sticky", preventing clot formation, which can lead to a heart attack, and make red blood cells less rigid so the cells glide smoothly. The present investigation was carried out and to check this and to prescribe the remedy for CHD. Proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid composition of mackerel was carried out. It was found that intake of mackerel fish to the tune of 50g every day will help to prevent coronary heart disease effectively.

3 tables, 11 ref

001328   Das D K;Srinivas Murthy G;Bhat N (Veterinarian Rescue Cent, Bannerghatta Biol Park, Bannerghatta Post, Bangalore-560 083, Email: dilipdas_77@rediffmail.com) : Management of Posterior paresis in a lion (Panthera leo). Zoos Print J 2005, 20(3), 1822.

^ssc2 ref

001327   Das B C;Ghosh L K (Zool Surv of India, , New Alipore, Kolkata) : A new species and a subspecies of aphid from Maharashtra, India (Homopatera : Aphididae). J Aphidology 2004, 17(1-2), 59-62.

A new species and subspecies of aphid viz. Aphis spinulosa sp. nov._ and Ceratoglyphina bambusae deccanensis subsp. nov. are being described.

2 illus, 2 ref

001326   Chaudhry S;Neetu;Dhanda R S;Saluja D (Mosquite Cytogenetics Unit Dep of Zool, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014) : Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction based differentiation of some species of the genus Anopheles (Culicidae: Diptera). J Cytol Genet 2004, 5(2), 173-83.

The results of RAPD-PCR studies on 6 species of the genus Anopheles viz., An. stephensi type form, An. fluviatilis sibling species T, An. culcifacies sibling species A, B and C and An. subpictus sibling species A. The genomic DNA was extracted from individual specimens of the species by following the standard ammonium acetate precipitation technique and purified by using Sephadex G-25 spin column. Three different random primers with the following base pair composition viz., 10JB-5'-ACCGCGAAGG-3', 11JB-5'-GTCCCGACGA-3' and 12JB-5'-TGATCCCTGG-3' were used for the amplification reactions. The thermocycler was programmed for one cycle of initial denaturation (hot start) at 94°C for 5 min, 45 cycles of denaturation, annealing and extension at 94°C for 1 min, 38°C for 1 min and 72°C for 2 min respectively and 1 cycle of final extension at 72°C. The amplified products were then analyzed by agarose gel eleclrophoresis on 1.2% agarose gel. The base pair lengths of the amplified DNA fragments were calculated by using standard 100 bp DNA ladder (gene ruler) and Quantity One software. The data thus obtained was analyzed in relation to those DNA fragments which were "unique" and "conserved" among all the individuals of a given species. Out of 3 primers, only 12 JB was able to amplify conserved fragments from the DNA of all the species covered. As many as 6 bands with base pair length of 200, 411, 985, 1230, 1292 and 1392 were found to be confined to An. stephensi type form, An. subpictus A, An. ftuviatilis T, An. culicifacies C, B and A respectively.

7 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

001325   Chattopadhyay S (Fac of For, Birsa Agric Univ, Kanke, Ranchi-834 006) : Immatures of Ablabesmyia masculitibialis (Diptera : Chironomidae) from Ranchi, India. J Res-Birsa Agric Univ 2004, 16(1), 181-5.

^ssc2 illus, 7 ref

001324   Chatterjee T;Annapurna C;Troch M D (Indian Sch of Learning, I.S.M. Annexe P.O.- I.S.M., Dhanbad-826 004, Email: drtapasisl@yahoo.co.in) : Range extention of Agauopsis arabia Bartsch and Chatterjee (Halacaridae: Acari) along the Indian coast. J Aquatic Biol 2004, 19(2), 37-8.

Agauopsis brevipalpus (TROUESSART, 1889) was recorded by Rao and Ganapati (1968) from Visakhapatnam coast (East coast of India). A re-examination of the material revealed that it is in fact another species, namely Agauopsis arabia BARTSCH AND CHATTERJEE 2001. A. arabia is also collected from the Andaman Islands. This species seems to be the common species distributed along a large portion of the Indian waters: from the west coast (Kerala) over the east coast (Visakhapatnam) and the Andaman Islands.

7 ref

001323   Chandrasekaran V S;Bisht H C S;Singh U P (NO, Cent Inst of Brackishwater Aquaculture #75, Santhome High Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai-600 028) : Acute toxicity of pesticide endosulfan to the young ones of the fish Channa gachua (ham.). Fish Technol 2005, 42(2), 177-82.

Static acute (96 h) bioassays were conducted on the spawn (4.0 mm) and the fry (15.5 mm) of freshwater fish Channa gachua (Ham) and the median lethal toxicity (96 h LC₅₀) of the pesticide endosulfan on the fish were estimated as 9.0 ppm and 22.0 ppm, respectively. When the fishes were exposed from spawn stage up to a period of 30 days in three sublethal concentrations viz. 0.01, 0.02 and 0.05 TU, there was an overall reduction in growth of the fish. While the reduction of growth was greater (up to 58.9%) at 0.05 TU, it was minimum (11.64%) at the medium sublethal concentration of 0.02 TU at the end of 30 days of experimental tenure.

1 illus, 28 ref

001322   Borges R M (Cent for Ecological Sci, Indian Inst of Sci, Bangalore-560 012, Email: renee@ces.iise.ernet.in) : Do plants and animals differ in phenotypic plasticity?. J Biosci, Bangalore 2005, 30(1), 41-50.

Compares the flexibility in the nexus between phenotype and genotype in plants and animals. These taxa although considered to be fundamentally different are found to be surprisingly similar in the mechanisms used to achieve plasticity. Although non-cognitive behaviour occurs in plants, its range is limited, while morphological and developmental plasticity also occur to a considerable extent in animals. Yet both plants and animals are subject to unique constraints and thus need to find unique solutions to functional problems. A true comparison between the plant and animal phenotype would be a comparison between plants and sessile photosynthesizing colonial invertebrates. Such comparisons are lacking. However, they would provide important insights into the adaptive significance of plasticity in these groups. It is also suggested that a comparison of inflexible traits in these groups would provide an understanding of the constraints, as well as the costs and benefits, of a plastic versus non-plastic phenotype in plants and animals.

124 ref