014315   Fernando O J;Rajasekaran R (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: cdl_aucasmb@sancharnet.in) : A new species of Namanereidinae: Namalycastis glasbyi sp. nov. from Indian waters. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 64-7.

A new species of the Genera Namalycastis, Subfamily Namanereidinae, Family Nereidae, is being described here. Collections from Gorai creek. Mumbai, included Nereid worms previously undescribed. Namalycastis indica is a species of Namalycastis recorded most frequently from India. Subsequently N. fauvlei has been described from Indian waters. In addition to this N. abiuma species group has also been observed though not recorded. As N. indica and N. abiuma resemble each other, there has been some confusion with regards to their occurrence from the different areas studied. The study records the occurrence of a new species Namalycastis glasbyi; a key is being provided to help distinguish the different species of Namalycastis occurring in Indian waters.

1 table, 22 ref

014314   Elanchezhiyan C;Senthil Kumar A;Shoba V; Bhagavathiammal R;Selvisabhanayakam (Zoology Dep, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Impact of nimbecidine in the selected tissues of adult bug, Sphaerodema rusticum (Heteroptera: belastomatidae) in relation to digestion. J appl Zool Res 2007, 18(2), 187-91.

Research undertaken to evaluate the short-term exposure effect of nimbecidine on Sphaerodema rusticum (Heteroptera: belastomidae) revealed that LC₅₀ value for S. rusticum was 0.45% of nimbecidine. The sublethal concentration was found to be 0.15% for 96h by using appropriate methods. The effect of nimbecidine on the histological changes in the alimentary canal (foregut, midgut and hindgut) of Sphaerodema rusticum have been observed such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclear condensation, chromatin clumping, longitudinal. and circular muscles became disorganized and epithelium became highly damaged. The rate of mortality with regard to exposure to phytopesticide, nimbecidine and histopathogical changes has been discussed.

6 illus, 21 ref

014313   Dwivwedi D K (Zoology Dep, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Email: deepakdwi2003@yahoo.com) : Bucephalus arabiansis sp. nov. (Trematoda: Bucephalidae) from a marine fish from Cochin coast, Kerala. J appl Biosci 2007, 33(1), 87-8.

Bucephalus arabiansis sp. Nov. (Trematoda: Bucephalidae) has been described from the intestine of a marine fish Caranx nigripinnis (Cuv. & Val.) on the basis several differences from the known taxa of the genus. It has been erected as a new species from the locality and the host.

1 illus, 11 ref

014312   Dwivedi D K;Gupta V (Zoology Dep, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007, Email: deepakdwi2003@yahoo.co.in) : Lecithochirium ernakulamensis sp. nov. (Trematoda: Hemiuridae) from a marine fish from Ernakulam coast, Kerala. J appl Biosci 2007, 33(2), 182-3.

Lecithochirium emakulamensis sp. novo from the intestine of a marine fish Priacanthus blochi (Cuv. and Val.) has been described on the basis several differences from the known taxa of the genus. It has been erected as a new species from the locality and the host.

2 illus, 10 ref2 illus, 10 ref

014311   Dookia S;Jakher G R (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand)) : Food and feeding habit of Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii), in the thar desert of Rajasthan. Indian For 2007, 133(10), 1327-40.

Indian gazelle or Chinkara (Gazella bennettii), is distributed sparsely in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Food and feeding habits of this endangered gazelle were studied from Nov. 1999 to Oct. 2001, in two districts of semi-arid part of Rajasthan. They were found to be browsers and concentrate feeders, with a range of 63 plant species, including 56 species of wild and 7 species of crop plants in the study area. Their feeding habit changes from browser to grazer for a short span in early monsoon season. Four plants, namely Crotalaria burhia (42%), Ziziphus nummularia (15%), Maytenus emerginata (11%) and Prosopis cineraria (9%), constitute about 77% of the gazelles' total dietary requirements. They feed on all parts of these plants in different seasons. The animal was also observed to take in large amount of pods and fruits constituting 68 % of its diet as pods in its daily diet intake, of Crotalaria burhia (38.19%), Meytenus emirginatus (15.75%) and Prosopis cineraria (14.32%). Measures for the consrevation of these gazelles and their largest stronghold in this part of India, to protect their habitat and reduce other detrimental activitites are discussed in this paper.

6 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

014310   Desai M;Shanbhag A B (Zoology Dep, Goa Univ, Goa) : Birds breeding in unmanaged monoculture plantations in Goa, India. Indian For 2007, 133(10), 1367-72.

Study was conducted in monoculture plantations of Teak, Cashew and Australian Acacia, for two years from March 2001 to February, 2003 in Goa and bird species and their breeding was observed and recorded. Put together eleven bird species were observed, out of which five were recorded from teak plantation and cashew plantation and four from Acacia plantation. Teak plantation seemed better due to abundant supply of earthworms as bird's food, and cashew plantation thick undergrowth giving protective cover and food for ground foragers. Presence of undergrowth and stray indigenous trees seems to have improved condition in the plantations for bird species.

2 tables, 11 ref

014309   Chitra M;Nithyanadhi K (P.G. Biochemistry Dep, S.T.E.T. Women's College, Mannargudi-614 001, Email: srianuman21@yahoo.co.in) : Radical scavenging activity of Trianthema triquetra in male albino rats intoxicated with CCl₄. J envir Biol 2007, 28(2), 283-5.

Radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Trianthema triquetra root was investigated against CCl₄ in rats. The rats were treated with T. triquetra (100 mg, 200 mg/kg b.w.) for a period of 7 days. Antihepatotoxic effect was studied by assaying the activities of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx),catalase (CAT), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and vitamin C (Vit. C). Lipid peroxidation is evidenced by an increase in the value of TBARS and also a distinct diminution in the level of GSH, Vit. C at 200 mg/kg b.w. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as GPx, CAT SOD and Vit. E is significantly recovered towards an almost normal level in animals coadministrated with T. triquetra. The maximum protection against CCl₄ induced hepatic injury was afforded by the dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. of Trianthema triquetra.

1 table, 15 ref

014308   Chaudhry A;Satnam Singh (Mosquito Cytogenetics Unit, Zoology Dep, Panjab University, Chandigarh) : Chromotoxicity evaluation of acephate using mosquito polytene chromosomes (Culicidae: Diptera). J appl Biosci 2007, 33(1), 27-31.

Genotoxicity evaluation of an organophosphate pesticide (acephate), by using the genome of mosquito (Anopheles subpictus), has been done. The results are based on the incidence of induced structural mutations m tile salivary polytene chromosomes of the larvae treated with LC₂₀ of acephate. 200 well spread polytene chromosome complements were examined and 29 different types of chromosomal aberrations were recorded against g in the parallel controls. Aberrations included inversions, asynapsis and ectopic pairings. Surface stickness, telomeric fusions, hetrochomatinization and reduced polyteny were also observed. Results were found to be statistically significant at 5%level.

5 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

014307   Chatterjee S;Sumit K Sen (NO, , DB 75, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 064, West Bengal, Email: sujan75@gmail.com) : First record of brown shrike Lanius cristatus superiliosus latham from India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 89.

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014306   Chatterjee S;Sen S K;Ghose D (NO, , DB 75, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 064, Email: sujan75@vsnl.net) : Range extension of jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus Fumidus. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 95.

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014305   Borges S D;Shanbhag AB (Zoology Dep, Goa Univ, Taleigao Plateau-403 206, Email: sonalidbr@yahoo.com) : Additions to the avifauna of Goa, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 98-101.

^ssc1 illus, 21 ref

014304   Bhalerao S S;Shaikh T H;Deshpande V D (Zoology Dep, Bahiriji Smarak College, Basmatnagar-431 215) : New lasiopetran midge gall (diptera : cecidomyiidae) from Maharashtra, India. Geobios 2007, 34(4), 259-60.

New cecidomyiid gall caused by Lasioptera garugai sp. nov., infesting leaves of Garuga pinnata Roxb. (Family : Burseraceae), a forest tree of Bhokar and Kinwat forests, Dist. Nanded, India, is described here. Key to gall occurring on Burseraceae plants is provided.

2 ref

014303   Anna Mercy T V;Jacob E (College of Fisheries, Keral Agricultural Univ, Panangad, Kochi-682 506, Email: annamercy2002@yahoo.co.in) : A new species of teleostei: Puntius pookodensis (Cyprinidae) from Wayanad, Kerala, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 76-8.

Puntius pookodensis is described as a new species of Puntius from Pookode Lake, Wayanad, Kerala. It is characterised by the combination of the following characters: serrated, spiny dorsal ray, incomplete lateral line, 22-23 scales in lateral series, lateral transverse rows 4/3 1/2, 18 circumferential scales, a shoulder spot and one or two spots on the caudal peduncle. The species is compared with its closest relatives, the widespread Puntius ticto and P. punctatus found in southern India, and with a look-alike P. shalynius from north-east India.

2 illus, 8 ref

014302   Alemeren Jamir S;Imkongwapang R (Botany Dep, Fazl Ali College, Mokokchung (Nagaland)) : Species richness in a degraded tropical forest along a traditional elephant route at mokokchung district, Nagaland. Indian For 2007, 133(9), 1216-34.

In a degraded secondary tropical forest along a traditional elephant route of Mokokchung District, a total of 157 flowering plants were enumerated distributed in 66 families. Dicotyledons dominated the area (112 species) and the gymnosperms were represented by Gnetum gnemon. Although the forest had undergone various degrees of degradation, remnant of different growth forms was found in the component species. Presence of 113 plants used by the locals for various purposes such as, timber, medicinal, ornamental, scientific, ethno botanical, values including wild vegetables and wild fruits popularly consumed locally indicate high biodiversity valuation.

2 tables, 33 ref

014301   Ahmed M F;Das A;Meyase V (NO, , Aaranyak 50, Samanwoy Path, Survey, Betola, Guwahati-781 028, Email: firoz@aaranyak.org) : Khasi hills Swift Apus acuticauda: First record from Nagaland and Manipur, North-East India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 87-8.

^ssc1 illus, 7 ref

014300   Ahhirao S D;Kamble A B (Fisheries Dep, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani-431 401, Email: sda_123@rediffmail.com) : Ichthyofauna of Marathwada region with some threatened fishes and the conservation strategies. Bionano Front 2008, 1(2), 170-4.

Recommendation for conservation strategies biodiversity of ichthypfauna with some threatened fishes from Marathwada region. of Maharashtra state having 8 districts located at 17°36'N and 20°40'N latitude and 74°40'E and 78°15'E longitude. For the present work an extensive survey was done for two years (August 1999 to July 2001) by establishing various sampling stations at the major rivers, reservoirs lakes and fish markets from the study area. The collection mainly induded indigenous and exotic carps; minnows weed fishes, predatory fishes and some migratory' fishes. The ichthyofauna had of 40 species of fishes belongs to 30 genera and 11 families from 3 orders. The 16 species have been reported to be threatened on the basis of frequency of occurrence, relative abundance and information through fishermen's. The various strategies and recommendation for their conservation are also discussed.

26 ref

013316   Zikan M;Janatova M;Pavlista D;Pohlreich P (Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology Dep, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles Univ, Prague, U Nemocnice 5,128 53 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Email: michal.zikan@Ifi.cuni.cz) : High frequency of BRCAI/2 p53 somatic inactivation in sporadic ovarian cancer. J Genet 2007, 86(2), 169-71.

3 tables, 13 ref

013315   Yedokondala Rao P;Rukmini Sirisha I (Marine Living Resoures Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Histological studies of the ovary of Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson, 1844) off Vishakapatnam, East coast of India. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 134-8.

Histological studies of the ovary of Lagocephalus spadiceus from Visakhapatnam (Latitude 17°41 TV, Longitude 83° 17' E) during July 2004 to June 2005 was reported. The present observation shows that the oocyte undergoes different developmental stages to form ripe egg, namely chromatin nucleolus stage, perinucleolus stage, yolk vesicle stage, yolk stage and ripe egg stage.

17 ref

013314   Verma V;Yogendra Prasad (Animal Science Dep, Aquatic Biotechnology & Fish pathology Laboratory, M.J.P. Rohilkhand Univ, Bareilly-243 006) : Changes in haematological parameters of Indian Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis subjected to artifical infection with Flavobacterium and Myxobacterium]. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 241-6.

Fish mortality was recorded in the different water bodies of Himalayan and sub- Himalayan regions. To know the prevalence of Flavobacterium and Myxobacterium, 2600 catfishes were screened and examined thoroughly for being symptomatic. Isolates of bacteria were obtained from symptomatic fishes and identified as Flavobacterium and Myxobacterium and tested for their Virulency. In artificial infection both the pathogens produced more or less similar manifestations of diseases identical to the natural infections. Haematological examinations of asymptomatic and artificially infected fishes were carried out by drawing blood from the lateral line of fish with the help of RBCs/WBCs pipettes and glass syringe. TEC and TLC were enumerated by using Neubauer's counting chamber while haemoglobin % was determined by haemocytometer and haemorneter tubes. Result of haematological evaluation revealed the significant changes in the blood parameters and substantial decline in the number of TEC, PVC, neutrophils and haemoglobin percentage of artificially infected H. fossilis.

2 tables, 23 ref

013313   Verma R J;Anamika Choudhary (Zoology Dep, University School of Sciences, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: ramtejverma2000@yahoo.com) : Impact of aflatoxins in mammals and its possible amelioration. Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2007, 77(Pt II), 111-33.

Aflatoxins are food-borne secondary toxic fungal metabolites. Consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated food/feed stuffs causes a serious toxic disease called aflatoxicosis. It is apparent from animal experiments and from epidemiological and clinical observations in man that short exposures to large doses of aflatoxin produced acute toxicity that may become lethal, while exposure to small doses over a protracted period of time is carcinogenic. Little is known about exposure to moderate amount of dietary aflatoxins that appear to be of common occurrence in many tropical and subtropical countries. The aim of this review is to enumerate the systemic toxicity of aflatoxins and its possible amelioration.

2 illus, 4 tables, 248 ref

013312   Vedpathak A N;Mane U H;Shinede N G (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasahed Ambedkar Marthawada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Oxygen consumption, Ascorbic acid and cholestreol content in different body parts of freshwater bivalue mollusc, Indonaia caeruleus (Prasad, 1918) Exposed to desiccation during summer. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 129-33.

Considering the metabolic shifts in bivalve shellfishes during environmental stress, Effect of desiccation on the oxygen consumption and changes in the ascorbic acid and cholesterol level from the mantle, hepatopancreas, gonad and foot of adult freshwater bivalve, Indonaia caeruleus from the bank of Godavari river at Paithan during summer (April-May)is veponted. The bivalves submerged in water were treated as control. Compared to control, the bivalves exposed to desiccation (wet mixture of soil and sand) for 8 days showed increase in rate of oxygen consumption on both 2nd and 8th day. However, in the control the rate depleted on 8th day compared to 2nd day. The ascorbic acid content decreased from the mantle and gonad while it increased in hepatopancreas and foot on 2nd day. On 8th day, the content decreased significantly from the mantle and hepatopancreas. The cholesterol content increased significantly from the mantle on 2nd day and decreased from hepatopancreas and gonad on 8th day. The ascorbic acid decreased more in hepatopancreas and mantle while cholesterol decreased more from gonad on 8 day. The results are discussed in the light of metabolic shifts in the bivalves due to desiccation.

2 illus, 19 ref

013311   Tendulakar;Medha;Kulkarni A S;Teradalkar S S (Zoology Dep, R P Gogate College of Arts & Science and R.V. Jogalekar College of Com, Ratnagiri-415 612) : Effect of different natural pigment soures on the colouration, growth and survival of gold fish, Carasstus auralus. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 237-40.

Effect of different natural pigments on the colouration, growth and survival of Goldfish, Carassius auratus was studied. Four isoproteinaceous (30% crude protein) experimental diets containing different natural pigment sources, carrot, spinach leaves, drumstick leaves and beetroot were fed to triplicate groups of five fishes. The other common ingredients of the diets were fish meal, shrimp head meal, ground nut oil cake and vitamin mineral mixture. The trial was conducted for 96 days in 30 x 30 x 30 cm glass aquaria with properly maintained water quality. Growth in terms of percentage length gain, percentage weight gain was significantly higher in the test diet containing spinach leaves. However, there was no difference in percentage specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and survival among the four treatments. The colouration was deeper in goldfish fed with the spinach leaves compared to lighter colouration in the other test diets.

7 ref

013310   Takahashi L;Cyrino J E P (Animal Science Dep, Fish Culture Section; "Escola Superior de Agricult, Sao Paulo Univ, (USP) Ave. Padua Dias, 11; P.O. Box # 09; 13418-900 - Piracicaba - SP, Brazil, Email: takahashileo@yahoo.com.br) : Dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance of speckled catfish, Pseudoplatystoma coruscans. J Aquacult Trop 2006, 21(1-2), 13-19.

Carbohydrates are a relatively inexpensive and a readily available source of energy to many fish species. However, some controversy persists about the beneficial effects of the inclusion of carbohydrates in fish diets. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the performance of juvenile speckled catfish Pseudoplatystoma coruscans ("surubim") fed diets containing varying levels of carbohydrates. Two hundred and eighty eight fingerling of speckled catfish (1.84 ± 0.06g) were stocked in 60-L net cages, placed in a 12-m³ concrete tank, under a water reuse system, in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed until apparent satiation twice a day (18h00m and 22hOOm), for 60 days, with isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, with increasing levels of carbohydrates: 9%, 13%, 17%, 21%, 25%, 29%. Weight gain and specific growth ratio increased with increased levels of dietary carbohydrate. Fish fed the diet containing 29% CHO showed the highest values for weight gain and specific growth ratio. Although feed intake was not affected by dietary carbohydrate level, fish fed with 25 and 29% CHO presented better feed utilization than fish fed 9 - 13% CHO. Viscera somatic index and intraperitoneal fat index were affected by dietary carbohydrate level and decreased with increasing dietary carbohydrate. Speckled catfish can be raised on diets containing up to 29% total carbohydrates.

3 tables, 19 ref

013309   Surayawanshi G D;Mane U H (PG and Zoology Dep, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai-431 517) : Changes in glycogen during cadmium accumulation and depuration of rock oyster, Crassostrea cattuckensis. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 173-7.

Rock oysters Crassostrea cattuckensis (80-90 mm shell length) were exposed to sub lethal levels of cadmium for 15 days and 30 days for metal accumulation and next 15 days for metal depuration. The oysters, which served as experimental control after 15 days showed significant change in glycogen content when compared with oysters brought from field. During 15 days metal exposed oysters to 0.10 and 0.38ppm concentrations there was decreased glycogen content significantly in all body parts except adductor muscle in higher concentration when compared to experimental control. The decreased rate upon 15 days in 0.10 concentrations was from gill (6.41), followed by mantle (7.30), hepatopancreas (8.70), gonad (8.40), adductor muscle (4.95), and siphon (5.45). While in 0.38 was from gill (4.39) than siphon (3.92) hepatopancreas (9.16), mantle (10.62), gonad (9.22) and content increased in adductor muscle (7.27) when it was compared to experimental control. Where as upon 30 days exposure the glycogen content fall among the body parts when compared with 15 days experimental control group. The protein increased in 0.10 ppm from adductor muscle (6.11), siphon (5.41), hepatopancreas (11.05), mantle (9.42), gonad (6.65) and content decreased in gill (5.31). While in 0.38-ppm siphon (6.84), gonad (10.52) adductor muscle (3.49) hepatopancreas (9.85) and more decreased from gill (3.23) than mantle (5.68) when compared with 30 days experimental control. During detoxification process the glycogen content was fluctuated due to tissue specificity when compared with 15 days control and exposed oysters. In 0.10 the increase was from gill (8.16) mantle (9.00) gonad (9.22) and decrease was from adductor muscle (1.80), hepatopancreas (5.18), siphon (3.39). Where as in 0.38 the glycogen decreased from adductor muscle (2.33), than gonad (4.15), hepatopancreas (6.14), mantle (8.99) and increased in gill (7.63) and siphon (5.89) when compared with respective group of concentrations of 15 days exposed oysters.

1 table, 16 ref

013308   Sulthana M;Boja Rajan A (P.G. Research and Zoology Dep, Peridency College, Chennai-600 005) : Histopathological lesions induced by copper sulphate, lead nitrate and zinc sulphate in the liver, intestine and kidney of Tilopia mossambica. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 189-92.

Investigation was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity of some common heavy metals such as copper, lead and zinc to the fresh water teleost fish, Tilapia mossambicafor 24 hours. The major histopathological changes of some tissues like liver, intestine and kidney were studied after 24 hours of exposure. The major changes observed were hepatic lesions with necrosis, vacuolation, damaged blood vessels and accumulation of cytoplasmic granules in liver. The intestine showed ruptured outer layer, vacuolation of epithelial cells, ruptured villi, and necrosis of mucosa, increased goblet cells and accumulation of mucus in the lumen. Kidney showed shrunken and disintegrated glomeruli.

3 illus, 14 ref

013307   Sulem S;Brumett R E;Choumboue J T (NO, Institute for Agriculture Research for Development, BP 255, Foumban, Cameroon, Africa, Email: youngsulem@yahoo.com) : Effect of compost shelters on survival of Clarias gariepinus fry in earthen ponds. J Aquacult Trop 2006, 21(1-2), 29-35.

To test the hypothesis that the survival of Clarias gariepinus fry could be enhanced by stocking them directly into shelters composed of partly composted plant materials, two trials were conducted in earthen ponds in Yaounde, Cameroon. In both the experiments, three ponds were provided with compost shelters and three ponds were without such shelters. In experiment I, ponds were unfenced, while in experiment II, ponds were fenced in an effort to exclude amphibian predators. Results from experiment I showed that fry survival was significantly higher (P<60>0.02) in ponds without (73.17 ± 8.41%) than in ponds with (34.43 ± 16.14%) shelter. Results from experiment II indicate the magnitude of amphibian predation on C. gariepinus fry. The practice of green-manure composts should therefore be encouraged in C. gariepinus nursery ponds only if the ponds are fenced to exclude amphibians.

3 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

013306   Stella C;Siva J (Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa Univ, Thondi Campus, Thondi-623 409) : Lenght-weight relationship of Xancus pyrum varieties acuta and obtusa from Thondi-palka strait (South east coast of India). J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 151-4.

Length - weight relationship indicated that there exist a good positive relationship between length and weight. When compared with the students 't' test, the total length on total weight in both Xancus pyrum var. acuta and Xancus pyrum var. obtusa were found to be significant at 1% level (P <60> 0.01), where as the total width on total weight in both Xancus pyrum_var. acuta and Xancus pyrum var. obtusa were found to be non-significant (P <60> 0:05).

2 tables, 25 ref

013305   Shibu S (Zoology and Induterial Fisheries Dep, Sree Narayana College, Koliam-691 001) : Effect of moringa oleifera laef powder as growth promoter in the supplementary feed of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 220-2.

Feeding trial was conducted on the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala to evaluate the impact of the dried leaf powder of the plant, Moringa oleifera, incorporated as an ingredient in the formulated feed. Fish were fed with four diets having leaf meal 0 (diet D - 1), 5 (diet D - 2), 10 (diet D - 3), and 15% (diet D - 4). Each treatment was continued in duplicate for a period of 40 days. The diet D - 3 exhibited highest growth of 221.05% weight gain with FCR of 3.12 and it was significantly higher (P<60>0.05) than those of the diets D - 1 (weight gain 106.70% and FCR 3.36). There was no significant difference in weight gain of fish with diet D - 4. The results indicated that the diet D - 3 containing the Moringa leaf meal at 10% inclusion level was best suited for growth of Cirrhinus mrigala fry.

2 tables, 8 ref

013304   Shendge A N;Mane U H (Zoology Dep, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati-413 102) : Gonadosomatic index and spawning season of freshwater fish, Puntius sophore (Kner). J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 155-8.

Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and spawning season of freshwater fish Puntius sophore (Kner) from Bhima river, near Bhigwan, Dist. Pune were studied. Observations on the variations in seasonal fluctuations in the gonadosomatic index confirmed that the spawning period begins in August. The species has a prolonged spawning period in the females extending from August to October, whereas the males mature in July and ripe specimens were encountered in monthly samples until October. The recruitment pattern confirmed the one breeding season. There is only one spawning peak i.e. in August. Breeding season lasted from August to October. In the present study GSI is found to be directly proportional to spawning season and inversely proportional to post - spawning season.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

013303   Sharma S;Joshi V;Kurde S;Singhvi M S (Zoology Dep, PMB Gujarati Science College, Indore-452 001) : Biodiversity of benthic macrainvertebrates and fish species communities of Kishanpura lake, Indore, Madhya pradesh. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 21-4.

Kishanpura lake, Indore (MP), is a shallow tropical lake that harbours dense population of Benthic invertebrate communities and bottom fish fauna. The invertebrates are represented by Oligocheates - Dero dorsalis, Stylaria fossularis, Branchilodrillus semperi; Molluscs - Lymnea acuminata, Bellamya bengalenses, Digoniostoma pulchella, Melanoids tuberculatus, Thira scabra, Gyrallus sp. Pisssidium clakeanum and arthropods - Chironomus sp. and Chaoboros sp. The fish diversity is represented by 29 species belonging to six orders, eleven families and ninleen genera. It is suggested that rich biodiversity of benthic fauna and fishes of this lake is due to availability of food material and favorable environmental conditions including shoreline vegetation. Seasonal fluctuation in population density is related to the physico-chemical factors and magnitude of organic pollution.

1 tables, 28 ref

013302   Sharma K K;Kotwal S (P.G. Department of Zoology, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 004) : Snow trout diversity in the freshwaters of Jammu district, Jammu & Kashmir state. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 71-7.

Snow trout form an important component of the hill stream fishery. But these have remained almost unexplored in the Jammu Division of J&K State. The present communication is the first attempt in this context and involves a thorough survey of the fresh waters of Jammu district to analyze the Snow trout diversity. Four snow trout species belonging to two genera have been described in the present communication. The distribution pattern of these species in relation to altitude has also been discussed in the present communication.

4 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

013301   Shanti Prabha Y;Manjulatha C;Rao L M (Zoology Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Food and feeding habits of Pomadasys maculatus from Bandaruvanipeta fishing village of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pardesh. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 143-6.

Pomadasys maculatus - grunt is a commercially important fish occurring abundantly in the coastal waters of Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. Studies on the biology of pomadasys sp have been found to be meager. So far there has been only one paper on the fishery and biology of Pomadasys sp. Thus the food and feeding habits of P. maculatus Bloch(1797) were studied in the present paper. A total number of 150 specimens were collected from June to November 2004 and their gut contents were analysed by the method of index of preponderance(Natarajan and Jhingran,1961), The total food spectrum is limited to only about five food items which constituted 13.75% of shrimps, 76.45% of Squilla, 2.69% of crab. 6.62% of teleostsan fish remains, 0.15% of tunicates. Occurrence of the above contents in the guts revealed the carnivorous feeding habit of the fish taken for the study.

1 table, 13 ref

013300   Sardar P;Shah M H (NO, Central Institute of fisheries Education (Deemed Univ), Kolkata Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 32 GN Block, Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 091, Email: parimalsardar2004@yahoo.co.in) : Compensatory growth in Indian major carp, rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.). J Aquacult Trop 2006, 21(1-2), 69-79.

Rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.) fingerlings weighing 7.36 ± 0.06 gm (Mean ± SE) were reared in circular plastic tub of 50L capacity at 24 to 26 °C for 60 days during the period between 17th February and 17th April, 2001. The control group was fed commercial pellet feed (Epic Feed) @ 5% of body weight once a day in the morning (8 A.M.) throughout the experiment. The other two groups were restricted of feed at 50% and 75% levels of control and fed the same feed @ 2.5% of body weight and 1.25% of body weight respectively, once a day in the morning (8 A.M.) for 30 days (restriction period) and for next 30 days (re-alimentation period), both the restricted groups were fed @ 5% of body weight once a day in the morning (8 A.M.) like control. At the end of experiment, fish restricted of feed had statistically (P<60>0.05) similar but numerical by higher body weight than the numerically control. During re-alimentation period, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, absolute growth rate (AGR), gross growth efficiency (CGE) or feed efficiency ratio( FER) and protein and energy retention efficiency were significantly (P<62>0.05) higher in restricted fish than in the control indicating compensatory response in these fish. Restricted fish also showed hyper feed consumption activity during re-alimentation period. No significant (P<60>0.05) differences were found in digestibility of dry matter (DM), protein and energy and protein gain : lipid gain between restricted and control fish during re-alimentation period, but the tendency of restricted fish was found to have higher values of protein gain : lipid gain than the control, suggesting that hyperphagia due to hyperactivity of feed consumption was the mechanism for increased growth rate. Growth efficiency and protein and energy retention efficiency might be due to lower maintenance requirement during compensatory growth of Rohu and this also suggested that compensatory growth obtained might be due to the protein growth rather than increased gut fat deposit or increased water uptake, because body length proportionately increased with the body weight. Numerically complete compensation of body weight of Rohu was obtained perhaps due to the ability of Rohu restricted of food to catch up in the body weight of control fish probably resulted from relative strong capacity for compensatory growth.

6 tables, 33 ref

013299   Sanjay;Kharat;Raut N R;Paingankar M (Zoology Dep, Abasashed Garware College, Pune-411 004) : Temporal variation and seasoinal changes of stream insect communities in northern weastern ghats, India. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 33-42.

Western Ghats is a region of high biological diversity, but very little information is available about the seasonal changes of aquatic insects from northern Western Ghats. Streams in Tamhini from northern Western Ghats were studied for the diversity, distribution and temporal variation of stream insects using screen sampling method. Family richness was maximum in early monsoon. Total individuals number was maximum in early monsoon and decreased towards winter. Order Ephemeroptera and family Leptophlebiidae had widest distribution. Family richness was maximum in 4th order streams and landscape element level was maximum at streams near farm land and minimum in grass lands. Family richness was highest in cascades. Family turn over in various habitats for various seasons has been discussed.

8 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

013298   Sailaja V;Madhuri E;Ramesh Babu K;Rama Krishna S;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Impact of altered ph media on nitrogenous end products in hepatopancreas and muscle of prawan Penaeus monodon. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 147-50.

Tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon were exposed to acidic (pH 6.5 ± 0.1) and alkaline media (pH 9.0 ± 0.1) for 24 hrs (acute exposure) and the modulations of nitrogenous end products were studied in hepatopancreas and muscle tissue. The two tissues showed differential pattern of nitrogenous end products on exposure to acidic and alkaline media. The levels of nitrogenous end products like ammonia, glutamine and urea were inhibited on exposure to acidic medium but the same compounds were significantly elevated in alkaline medium. The glutamine/ammonia (G/A) ratio showed non-significant change in acidic medium with a higher ratio in alkaline medium over control. In contrast, urea/ammonia (U/A) ratio showed significant inhibition in acidic medium and non-significant change, in alkaline medium. The results of present study indicate a differential pattern of nitrogenous end products in both the tissues such as the inhibition of tissue nitrogenous end products formation in acidic medium, but in alkaline medium the same compounds were elevated leading to metabolic adjustments which provide a positive survival value to the prawns under imposed pH stress.

2 tables, 23 ref

013297   Sadanandan M A;Ramani N (Zoology P.G. & Research Dep, Malabar Christian College, Calicut Kerala-673 001) : New species of predatory mite of the genus Amblyseius (acarina: phytoseiidae) from Kerala, India. J Ecobiol 2007, 20(3), 215-18.

Survey on the predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae harbouring on various species of economically important plants in North Kerala enabled to locate 40 species under 9 genera. Of these, two new species were found representing Amblyseius (Neoseiulus). The present paper contains descriptions of one of the new species namely A. (N.) mulberricus which can be easily differentiated from its close relative A. (N.) rangatensis Gupta 1977 by variations in the measurements of dorsal shield and chaetotaxy, structure of spermatheca, presence of macrosetae on tibia IV and presence of three teeth on movable digit of chelicera. A new species viz., Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) mulberricus sp. nov. is described here with appropriate illustrations.

1 illus, 6 ref

013296   Regunathan M G;Meera N;Jayanthi J (Zoology Dep, Guru Nanak College, Chennai-600 042) : Prolonged light and fluoxetine stimulates depostion of organic reserves in the gondas of a female brackish water crab Uca lactea annulipes. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 166-8.

Administration of fluoxetine and further exposure of crabs to prolonged light stimulates gonadal maturation and it is evidenced by more accumulation of organic contents in ovary and spermatheca, and it is suggested that light can be used as a better alternate to eyestalk ablation for stimulated gonadal development.

3 tables, 8 ref

013295   Reddya Naik B;Umamaheshwara Reddy P;Sunitha Devi G;Rajesh Kumar A (Zoology Dep, P.G. College of Science, Osmania Univ, Saifbad, Hyderabad-500 004) : Total lipid and free faty acid levels in larvivorous fish (Poecilia reticulata) exposed to municipal sewage water. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 178-80.

Effect of Municipal sewage water on total lipid and free fatty acid levels was studied in Poecilia reticulata. The consequences stress on lipid was studied after short duration of 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Total lipid and free fatty acid levels showed negative response to the sewage water treatment. The alteration observed in total lipid content and free fatty acid appears to be water quality specific and time dependent.

1 table, 9 ref

013294   Ramalingam K;Bharathi Rajan U D (Zoology P G & Research Dep, Government Arts College, Nandanam, Chennai-600 635) : Manifestation of a rodenticide bromadiolone (coumarin) on histology of Bandicota bengalensis. J Ecobiol 2007, 20(3), 247-54.

Bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide used as bait, fed to female field rats Bandicota bengalensis showed histopathological manifestations in the liver, intestine, kidney and ovary. The bait as a single dose (10 g) revealed mild degenerative changes. On the contrary, the bait used as split doses for 10 days (cumulative 1 g) revealed comparatively more damage to the extra-ovarian tissues. However, ovary showed little pathological damage. The subiethal dose could bring no desired control of rodent population as they develop resistance genetically by various mechanisms such as bait shyness, metabolism of the bait compound and its removal in vivo.

2 illus, 12 ref

013293   Ramalingam K (Zoology P.G. Researh Dep, Government Arts College, Nandanam, Chennai-600 035) : Intrinsic and extrinsic causal factors of biodiversity in animal taxa - an analysis. J Ecobiol 2007, 20(2), 101-10.

Organic diversity in the present environmental perspectives is to be viewed more on synthetic and experimental basis. The biodiversity at different levels of taxa in animal kingdom revealed the fact that species populations belonging to different phyletic groups are never the same and uniform. A perusal of literature reveals that species abundance exists in the following descending succession among invertebrates viz., Insects → Spiders → Mollusks → Crustaceans. Among vertebrates, it is as follows: Fishes → Birds → Reptiles → Amphibians → Mammals. Considering the genetic homology and universality of genetic code in between different groups, the preponderance of one particular group with enormous species abundance and diversity, while the other with the least implies that other than genetic homology and natural selection factors. Discusses some of the above intricate factors, which are causal for the species diversity abundance and species diversity dilution in different taxa of the animal kingdom.

^iia 1 table, 22 ref

013292   Rama Murty M (Zoology Dep, B.V.G College, Vishakapatnam-530016, Email: ramam.mantha@gmail.com) : Account of flatfishes (Osteichtyes: pleuronectiforms) from east coast of India, with a key to the identification of species. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 59-64.

Systematics of flatfishes from east coast of India were undertaken with a view to make an in-depth analysis of morphological and osteological characters from the systematic point of view of the genera and species available along the east coast from Madras in the South to Jaunput in the north. The present study reports 42 species belonging to 7 families and 22 genera. Species distinctions were drawn not only on the basis of morphological features but also of osteological characters. Much of the confusion created by taking characters having intraspecific variation, is avoided while preparing the key for the identification species. Based on osteological study, Laeops guentheri Alcock,1890 (Bothidae), is given a new generic name 'Kinolaeops', under a new subfamily 'Kinolaeopsinae'. Similarly, Arelia bilineata (Lacepede, 1802) (Cynoglossidae), is recognized as a member of separate subfamily 'Arelinae'. Some species are newly synonimised and some are identified as possible natural hybrids. Other suspected natural hybrids were of uncertain specific identity but the putative parents could be identified.

32 ref

013291   Rajashekhar A V;Lingaiah A;Satyanrayana Rao M S;Piska R S (Zoology Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007) : Water quality parameters of a minor reservoir, Nadergul, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 118-22.

Deals with the water quality of a minor reservoir, Nadergul, Rangareddy District, Andhra Pradesh. The water spread area of the reservoir is large and water is useful for irrigation and fisheries. The reservoir is located 3 k.ms. away from Nadergul Village and free from sewage channels. The water quality parameters like pH, Electric conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen, Total alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Total hardness, Chlorides, Nitrates, Phosphates, Turbidity and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were analysed twice in a month for the period of 2 years during 2003-04 and 2004-05. The parameters are maximum during pre-monsoon period and minimum during monsoon period. All the parameters are within the permissible limits. The results indicate that the reservoir is in mesotrophic stage. The reservoir is not polluted and water can be used for irrigation and fisheries.

11 ref

013290   Rajaiah V;Venkaiah Y (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Effect of parathion on esterase patterns of Channa punctatus. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 181-5.

Effect of Parathion on Channa punctatus was studied on esterase patterns of four tissues i.e., Grill, Liver, Brain and mucous. Among these tissue mucous and Brain were effected within 24 hours, and the rest of the tissues were effected in 48 hours. Only ER Esterase's in Brain were resistant even after 24 hours of exposure.

1 table, 16 ref

013289   Prasanna Rani T;Desipande U K;Gawai D U (P.G. and Botany Dep, Science College, Nanded-431 605) : Efeect of mercury and lead on growth of some aquatic plant. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 186-8.

Deals with the effect of heavy metals like mercury and lead on growth of Oscillotoria sp. Lemna minor and L. perpusilla at different concentrations. It was found that the dry weight of Oscillotoria sp., L. miner and L. perpusilla significantly decreased with increase in different concentration of mercury and lead. Lead showed a decreased dry weights of both the species of Lemna as compared to dry weights of Oscillatona sp. It was also found that colours of all the three Plant weres totally changed with higher concentrations of both the heavy metals.

2 tables, 18 ref

013288   Pardeshi A K;Zambare S P (Zoology Dep, Balbhim College, Beed-431 122) : Bioacumulation of mercury in different tissues of Parreysia cylindrica after acte and chronic exposure to mercuric chloride. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 193-7.

Bivalves Parreysia cylindrica were divided into three groups. First group of animals was exposed to acute dose (0.25 ppm) of HgCl₂ (LCsoa of 96 hrs.). The second group was exposed to chronic dose (0.05) of HgCl₂ (LC₅₀/10 of 96 hrs.) and third group of animals without any treatment was used as control. The animals were sacrificed from acute and chronic exposures along with control after specific period. The dried powders of different tissues such as mantle, gills, gonads, foot, digestive glands and whole body were digested by standard method and analyzed on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mercury content was expressed in μg/gm of dry weight of tissues. The digestive gland was found to accumulate more amount of toxicant as compared to other organs. Gills and mantle are in direct contact with mercury and have accumulated more amount of mercury than gonad, foot and whole body. The high levels of mercury accumulation of Parreysia cylindrica might be due to its binding with sulfhydryl rich proteins to form the legands. The metallothionein proteins might be synthesized to chelate the mercury to reduce its toxic effect.

1 table, 23 ref

013287   Mondal P;Bhattacharya A K;Chenchaiah K C (Plant Protection Dep, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731 236) : New software for calculating stable-age distribution in insects: life table and stable-age distribution of Creatonotus gangis (lepidoptera: arctiidae) on artificial diet. Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2007, 77(Pt II), 172-85.

A computer programme has been developed for the calculation of stable-age distribution. This new programme has been written in Fortran-77. It can run in both Unix and DOS environments. It has been tested with the data available in literature. Results showed that the software works perfectly in computing the age distribution of insects. Experimentation on Creatonotus gangis reared on artificial diet based on dehusked red gram flour and soaked triticale revealed that egg, larva, pupa and adult showed 24.31, 67.74, 6.33 and 1.61 per cent contribution in stable-age distribution in first generation while it was 27.97, 64.14, 6.48 and 1.42 per cent for egg, larva, pupa and adult, respectively, for second generation. Similarly, for third generation per cent contribution in stable-age distribution were egg, 29.44; larva, 64.90; pupa 4.70 and adult, 0.97. This study showed that egg and larval stages decide the abundance of this pest. Age specific and female fertility life table of three successive generations of this insect were also constructed. The value of different life table parameters viz., 100q x, e_x, T, Pf, R₀, r, λ, DT and ARI were computed using the computer programmes developed earlier. Overall findings revealed that the artificial diet can be used for rearing of this noxious insect.

1 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

013286   Mohammed-Suhaimee A M;Zainoha Z;Ng W K (NO, Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Gelang Patah, Johor, Malaysia, Email: wkng@usm.my) : Inclusion of urea-treated palm kernel meal as a feed ingredient in the diet of juvenile seabass (Lates calcarifer) affects growth performance. J Aquacult Trop 2006, 21(1-2), 51-68.

A-56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of using palm kernel meal (PKM) and chemically-treated PKM using urea (UTPKM) as feed ingredients in diets on the growth performance of juvenile seabass Lates calcarifer. Seven isonitrogenous (45 % crude protein), isoenergetic (19 kJ g^-1) and isolipidic (10 % crude lipid) practical experimental diets were formulated. The control diet (Diet 1) did not contain any PKM and the other six diets were formulated to have either raw PKM or UTPKM at 7.5 %, 15.0 % or 22.5 % of the diet respectively, at the expense of solvent-extracted soybean meal. Danish fish meal was included at 39.7% for all diets so that at least 60% of the total dietary protein came from animal protein. Growth performance of seabass juveniles with initial weight of 49.8 ± 0.2 g (mean ± s.d.) fed the control diet, 7.5 % PKM and 15 % PKM or 7.5 % UTPKM, 15 % UTPKM and 22.5 % UTPKM diets showed similar growth (p <62> 0.05) and better performance than fish fed the 22.5 % PKM diet (p <60> 0.05). Mean final weights of seabass fed all diets except 22.5 % PKM diet were not significantly different (p <62> 0.05) compared to seabass fed with the control diet. Similar trends were observed in terms of percent weight gain and specific growth rates. On the other hand, in terms of protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU), there were significant differences (p <60> 0.05) among all dietary treatments with the control diet giving the highest PER and NPU of fish compared to fish fed 15.0 % PKM or 22.5 % PKM. Nevertheless, the PER and NPU of fish fed with either 7.5 % PKM, 7.5 % UTPKM or 15 % UTPKM showed similar performance with the control diet (p <62> 0.05). It was concluded that PKM is a potential partial replacement for soybean meal in the diets of juvenile seabass and that urea treatment of PKM may further improve the utilization of this by-product from the palm industry.

7 illus, 6 tables, 45 ref

013285   Maliviya M K (Zoology Dep, Narayanrao Waghmare College, Akhada Balapur-431 513) : Statical evalution of some morphometric measurements in Nemacheilus savona (Gunther) and Macrones leucophasis (Day). J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 139-42.

In N. savona qnd M.leucophasis all variables ( Yl to Y6 ) showed very high degree of correlationship with the total body length except orbit diameter ( OD Y3 ) of M.leucophasis. All observed variables exhibited positive linear correlationship with the total body length in both the fishes. Observed and calculated values of the different body measurements showed close relationship.

1 table, 11 ref

013284   Kadam M S;Pampatwar D V;Mali R P (P.G. and Research of Zoology Dep, Yeshwant College, Nanded-431 602) : Seasonal variations in different physico chemical characteristics in Masoli reservoir of Parbhani district, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 110-12.

Masoli reservoir is medium size reservoir, constructed on the Masoli river, near village had, Taluka Gangakhed, Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra. The reservoir is used for irrigation and supply of drinking water to Gangakhed taluka and also for pisciculture on lease basis. Monthly and seasonal variations of different physico-chemical characteristics were studied from January to December 2003 to enhance the limnological knowledge and can provide valuable information to the planner's for restructuring of the dam and authorities to plan out strategies for the development of fisheries. The results clearly indicate that water quality parameters are within the permissible limits for surface water irrigation and suitable for pisciculture.

1 table, 12 ref

013283   Jeyaseeli A;Narayanan M (P.G. & Research and Zoology Dep, Jayaraj Annapackian College for Women, Perivakulam-625 601) : Influence of interspecific interaction in energy partitioning among multispecies populations of Heteropneustes fossilis, Cyprinus carpio and mystus keletius. J Aquatic Biol 2007, 22(1), 159-65.

Multispecies experiment with air breathing fishes H.fossilis, M. Keletius and the common carp C.carpio (as cash crop fish) was carried out under laboratory conditions. The main objectives was to partition the energy consumption by the individual species using Pr- Cr regressions. The results of fish -fish interactions and overall fish production have been reported, The present -Effects of density on the rates of energy consumption and conversion as a function of inter-specific interactions are presented.

4 tables, 17 ref