009094   Patole S S;Mahajan R T (Zoology Dep, S.G. Patil, ASC College, Sakri (Dhule)-424 304) : Evaluation of some indigenous plants of Khandesh region as mosquito larvicides. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 257-64.

Investigation was carried out on total aqueous extracts of sixty local indigenous plants for their larvicidal activity against 3-4 instar larvae of mosquito by bioassay method at various doses ranging from 10 to 5 0 mg for 24 hour of exposure. Potent larvicidal activity (<62> 63 %) at high dose (50 mg) was detected in plant extracts namely: Acacia concinna D.C. (66.67), Annona squmosa Linn (70.00), Azadirachta indica A. Joss (73.33), Balanites roxburghii Planch (76.67), Citrullus colocynthis Shrad (63.33), Euphorbia tirucalli Linn (66.67), Nerium oleander Linn (70.00), Sapindus trifoliatus Linn (76.67), Sphaeranthus indicus Linn (66.67), and Tephrosia purpurea Pers (63.33). Other 16 plants possess moderate activity (40 - 62 %). Remaining 8 plants exhibit poor activity (20 -39 %); Where as 26 plants were found to be ineffective (<60> 20 %). Potentialities of plants as mosquito larvicides are found to be dose dependent.

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

009093   Mohi-ud Din I;Qureshi T A;Manohar S;Borana K (Applied Aquaculture Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh) : Correlative cyclical changes in the hypothalamo-neurohypohysial system of a murrel, Channa gachua (Ham.). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 241-6.

Reports that there was periodicity or cyclic changes In the concentration and intensity of neurosecretory material in the cells of nucleus preopticus, nucleus lateralis tuberls, tractus preoptico-hypophseus and neurohypophysis of the fish Channa gachua (Ham.) during different months of an year. It is interpreted that the secretory activity In the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system follows the events of reproductive cycle. But the former is controlled by various extrinsic factors prevailing in the ambient aquatic environment.

6 illus, 14 tables, ref

009092   Mishra R S;Prakash S;Ansari K K (Zoology Dep, M.L.K. P.G. College, Balrampur-271 201) : Limnological studies of Baghel tal (Bahraich) in relation to zooplankton productivity. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(3), 539-42.

Seasonal abundance and the pattern of fluctuations in the zooplankton of Baghel Tal - a major waterbody erf this region has been studied at fortnightly intervals for a period of two years from October, 2002 to September, 2004. Zooplankton population density was maximum in Sept. (1011 units/L) and minimum in January (531 units/L. Twenty Eight species of zooplankton were recorded (Rotifers -14 sp., Cladocerans - 8 sp., Copepods - 4 sp. and Ciliates - 2 sp.) Various physico-Chemical factors like water temperature, free CO₂,pH & chloride are in positive correlation with different zooplankton groups

2 tables, 7 ref

009091   Mane S H;Kankhare D H;Gethe R M (NO, Colelge of Agriculture, Dhule, Maharashtra) : Effect of complete feed on nutrient utilization and growth performance of goat. Bioinfolet 2007, 4(1), 78-81.

Two iso-nitrogeneous feeds were formulated, namely complete and conventional feed and fed to goats. Sixteen male goats were randomly divided into two groups having equal number of animals. Group I subsisted on complete feed while group II was maintained on conventional feed throughout the study. The experiment was continued for three months. The average body weight gain of goat from group I was 46.81 gm per day while that of group II was 35.17 gm per day. The cost of production per kg live weight gain was Rs.33.44 and Rs.29.79 for group II, and I respectively. The feed conservation efficiency (FCE) of complete feed and conventional feed was 8.75 and 8.50, respectively.

6 tables, 6 ref

009090   Kulkarni S G;Vaidya V V;Parveen Z;Kulkarni G K (Zoology Dep, Adarash College, Omerga) : Effects of environmental factors on the caudal regeneration of an earthworm, Lampito mauritii (Kinberg): temperature an photoperiod. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 353-60.

Among the environmental factors, temperature and photoperiod have profound influence on various physiological activities of annelids. Earthworms are endowed with amazing power of regeneration, which is not free from the effects of environmental factors. In the study, the worms Lamp/to mauritii were subjected to different thermal and photoperiodic regimes to understand their effects on caudal regeneration. The worms conditioned at 25±0.5 degree C in the laboratory under 13L: 11D were amputated for 10 caudal segments and exposed to one lower (20±0.5dergee C) and two upper (30 and 35±0.5 degree°C) temperatures for a period of 30 days. Similarly the worm having to segments amputated for a period of 30 days. Similarly the worms having 10 segments amputated were exposed to continuous light and dark for a period of 30 days. It was observed that lower and higher temperatures decreased the regeneration efficiency. Also the regenerating capacity was found decreased in worms subjected to continuous light, whereas continuous darkness stimulated the regenerating efficiency of Lampito mauritii.

4 tables, 17 ref

009089   Khatoon R;Sharan R (Zoology Dep, G.B.M. College, Gaya) : Daily food intake and faecal production in Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 341-3.

Anabas testudineus takes food within the normal range of food intake as reported earlier for different species of fishes. They take food daily 3.6 to 6.3% to their body weight. The daily faecal discharge was found from 0.006- 0.088 (g/day/dry wt) within the weight range of 11.0- 21.42 gm.

2 tables, 13 ref

009088   Keshri D K;Singh B K (NO, T.S. College, Hisua, Nawada (Bihar)) : Histo morphological observation of corpora cardiaca in copulating female Spilostethus pandurus scopali (Lygaeidae: Heteroptera). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 323-5.

Corpora cardiacs in copulating female Spitostethus pandurus are present as a paired, conical neurohaemal structure, situated posterior and in close proximity of posterior end of brain. It is situated above the gut and ventrolaterally to aorta. The corpora cardiaca is composed of two types of cells - chromophilic and chromophobe cells. The chromophillic cells are bound anteriorly and mesially close to aorta whereas the chromophobe cells lie posteriorly and laterally.

2 illus, 9 ref

009087   Kannan R (Zoology Dep, St. Joseph's College, Cuddalore-607 001, Email: erakannan2002@yahoo.co.in) : Seasonal variations of the planktonic population in relation to physico-chemical factors at river Uppanar estuary, Sipcot, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(3), 575-80.

The objective of this study is an attempt to conduct environmental impact on the planktonic community of the River Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore SIPCOT after tsunami. There are more than 32 industries functioning on the bank of this River Uppanar. Three stations were selected on the basis of the river topography and preset pollution status. Analytical results of the water show a vast variation in the selected physicochemical parameters and planktonic communities. It is found that the influence of the industrial discharge scrambles the level of physicochemical factors. Thirty five species of planktons were recorded. Planktonic populations were correlated with the seasons, physicochemical parameters and stations. Higher values of physicochemical parameters were recorded during summer rather than in winter.

1 illus, 5 tables, 25 ref

009086   Kamal R (NO, Seth G.B. Podar College, Nawalgarh Jhunjhunu, (Rajasthan), Email: riturajkamal@yahoo.com) : Radio-protective role of Amaranthus paniculatus linn. on the sensitivity of mouse spermatogonia after exposure to gamma radiation. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 315-18.

Radioprotective role of sepramatogonia to radiation was investigated in adult male Swiss albino mice after whole body exposure to dose 5 Gy of gamma radiation from a Co 60 source with or without the drug Amaranths paniculatus leaves extract (AE) at a dose of 600 mg/kg/b/wt./day. Spermatogonia 'A', T and 'B' were counted in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, taken at post irradiation intervals of 1,3,7,15 and 30 days in both the drug treated and irradiated mice group. The spermatogonia 'A', 'I' and 'B' counts decreased after exposure. A sharp depletion was observed at early intervals. Recovery started at day 15, but normal counts could not be attained even up to the last interval but the number of counts was comparatively higher in drug treated group. In all the drug treated groups, the spermatogonia 'A', T and 'B' counts were always higher than their respective irradiated. Showing an appreciable protective antioxidant potential of Amaranthus particulars against radiation.

1 table, 6 ref

009085   Joshi R;Joshi B D;Singh R (NO, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Env. & Devel., Garhwal Unit, Srinagar, Garhwal) : Population composition of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in the Rajaji National Park; Uttarakhand, India. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 189-202.

Objective of the investigation is to document the composition of elephant with age, sex and density. Both direct and indirect methods were applied for conducting this study. Elephants' high density was found in Chilla forest range as compare to other two forest ranges of Hardwar and Motichur. The sex-ratio of elephants in Hardwar, Chilla and Motichur forest ranges is 100 females : 22.4 males, which shows a good elephant population along with ratio, i.e. on an average male : female is about 1:4.4. Taking an average value of 4.3/km² as the mean density of elephants in all the three study areas, the expected number of elephants in different forest ranges are 414 (i.e. 1.31/ km²) in Hardwar forest range, 667 (i.e. 2.11/km²) in Chilla forest range and 444 (1.41/km//²) in Motichur forest range.

5 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

009084   Jhajhria A (NO, , Bunglow - 42, Digari Khan, Ajmer Road, H.P.O., Jodhpur-342 001) : Induced breeding of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala using ovatide for quality seed production in Western Rajasthan. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(3), 619-22.

Ten induced breeding exercises were conducted on Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala in the CIFE-D81 - Hatchery from 06.07.1999 to 18.08.2000 using ovatide @ 0.3 mL/kg, body wt. for female and @ 0.1 mL/ kg, body wt for male brooder fish. The injection time was varied (7.15 am to 3.30 pm) and natural spawning occurred after 9.0-44.10 hrs. The optimum water temperature (24.3-27.8 degreeC) was observed which yielded eggs (1.00-3.20 lakhs). The fertilization rate (50-90%) and hatching success (79-89%) indicates that ovatide is a convenient ovulating agent for the freshwater fishes of this region.

2 tables, 9 ref

009083   Jagapathiramayya P;Chandrasekhar Rao T S; Shantilakshmi M;Ravindra Reddy Y (Anatomy Dep, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati-517 502, Email: drjagapathi_palla@yahoo.com) : Gross anatomical studies on the sternum and ribs of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Indian J Poult Sci 2007, 42(1), 112-14.

In Emu the sternum was large and bowl shaped. The craniolateral processes were short, wide and flattened while presternum, caudolateral processes were absent. The lateral border of the sternum showed oval facets for the ribs from 4th to 5th. In Emu 9 pairs of ribs were present. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 8th and 9th pairs were floating type and showed only vertebral ribs, while 4th-5th pairs showed sternal ribs also in addition to vertebral ribs. Each rib consisted of a shaft and proximal and distal extremities. The proximal extremity of vertebral rib showed a head, long neck and tubercle. The ventral ends of vertebral ribs were narrow and pointed while the ventral ends of sternal ribs were wide and flattened and articulated with sternum. The proximal ends of sternal ribs form gliding joints with dorsal extremity of vertebral ribs 4-7.

^ssc2 illus, 5 ref

009082   Hyalij M T (Zoology Research Laboratory, K.A. N.M. Sonawane Arts, Science & Commerce College, Satana-423 301) : New larval trematode from Kan river, Dhule district. Geobios 2007, 34(2-3), 192-4.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

009081   Hussain S A;Qureshi T A;Borana K;Manohar S (Applied Aquaculture Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal) : Ameliorative effect of EDTA on bioaccumulation of cadmium in Clarias batrachus (bloch). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 183-7.

Freshly captured fish C. batrachus, brought to laboratory were divided in six groups, having ten fish in each. First group was kept as control, the second one was kept in 0.5 ppm solution of cadmium chloride. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth groups were kept in 0.5 ppm solution of cadmium chloride added with 0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 ppm EDTA in each, respectively. Concentration of cadmium in the muscles, kidney, gonad, liver and gill of the first group (control) was estimated as 0.029,0.050, 0.039,0.048 and 0.023 gig of the weight in wet tissue while in those of second group it was estimated as 3.75,105.0,1.42,18.33,15.62 gig. In third, fourth, fifth and sixth group it was estimated as 3.13, 90,0,1.25,12.66, 7.3 gig; 2.88,23.75,1.06,11.50,6.63 gig; 3.37,100.0,1.10,14.66,9.0 gig and 3.57, 100.0,1.40,15.45 and 13.50 gig, respectively. However, maximum reduction in cadmium concentration was observed in the group added with 1 ppm of EDTA followed by that added with 0.5,1.5, and 2.0 ppm solution, respectively.

1 table, 11 ref

009080   Goswami D B;Thakur H A (Zoology Dep, Art, Science and Commerce College, Kalwan, Distict Nasik, Mahrashtra) : Effect of endosulphon on lipid and cholesterol content of the land slug, Laevicaulis alte. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 289-94.

Study was undertaken to assess toxic effects of endosulphon on land slug, Laevlcaulis alte and Its Impact on lipid and cholesterol content of various body organs. The slugs were exposed to the predetermined LC₁₀ and LC₅₀ concentrations of endosulphon for a period of 24,48,72 and 96 hours. Significant alterations were noted In the observed parameters.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

009079   Gayathri Elayidam U;Muraleedharan D (Zoology Dep, Centre for Arthropod Bioresources and Biotechnology (CABB, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom, Trivandrum-695 581) : Activity pattern of juvenile hormone during metamorphosis in Dysdercus cingulatus Fabr. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Entomon 2007, 32(1), 47-52.

JH being a morphogenetic hormone during nymphal stages, its titer at particular life stages determines which type of molt the developing insect has to undergo. Application of Juvenile hormone analogues on to 5th instar nymphs suggests that metamorphosis is a sequence of events each one of which is dependent on JH absence.

3 illus, 17 ref

009078   Ezar S;Singh P;Sangeeta Kumari;Purushottam Prasad (NO, , C/o Prof. Md. Suliman, Prof. Colony, Tripolia, Patna-7) : Shape and size of the excretory material of Platycorynus peregrinus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 361-4.

P. pergrinus excretes two types of excreta i.e semisolid and solid. There are no traces of liquid excreta. These two physical states of the excreta differ a lot in shape and size. Further there is difference even in the same form of excreta depending upon the time interval of evacuation. The excreta showed a graded decrease in length. The first excreta is ribbon like while the last excreta is irregular and granular in shape, thus it may be concluded on the basis that probably during starvation period physiological pressure is applied by midgut and hindgut for the absorption of maximum available diffusible food and also a device for conservation of water due to which forms of the excreta change their shape and size according to different time intervals.

2 tables 6 ref

009077   Das K;Ghosh D (Insect Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar-799 130, Email: ghoshdurgadas@rediffmail.com) : Histochemical study of yolk granules of ripe oocytes of Oxya hyla hyla (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Entomon 2007, 32(1), 67-70.

Isolated yolk granules of vitellogenic oocyte of Oxya hyla hyla under light microscope revealed the presence of deeply stained proteinaceous rim region and lightly stained core region. The same granules were also positive for carbohydrate and lipid. Those yolk granules initially deposited in smaller size gradually showed increase in size due to aggregation of different components.

2 illus, 9 ref

009076   Chawla A K;Thind S D K (NO, , 1471 P-sector 13p Hisar, Email: sdkt@rediffmail.com) : Oviposition in Caryedon serratus on Phaseolus vulgaris. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 235-40.

Oviposition in Caryedon serratus observed on Phaseolus vulgaris for the first time has been presented. The female C. serrafus preferred to lay eggs near the depression as convex surface of the seed of P. vulgaris. Maximum number of eggs/seed was 15. Maximum egg laying occurred during the first 6-days of oviposition under all three temperatures (25°C, 28°C and 34°C). The peak of egg laying occurred on 3-day at 25°C and 34°C. However, it occurred on 5th day at 28°C. C. serratus prefer laying eggs in the depression.

1 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

009075   Bisht R;Bharti D;Pandey H;Bora S;Kaushal B R (Zoology Dep,D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun Univ, Nainital-263 002) : Species richness and abundance of earthworms in cultivated soils in Kumaun Himalayas. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 203-11.

Earthworm population dynamics and their activity in cultivated soil of the Kumaun Himalaya were studied. Ten species of earthworms were found: two lumbricids, seven megascoledds, and one moniligastrid. The maximum density (212.8 m^-2) and biomass (71.6 g m^-2) of earthworms were recorded in the wet season. An average of 96.0% of total worm density and 96.2% of worm biomass occurred in 0-10 cm soil at Simalsar, while 92.8% of density and 90.9% of biomass occurred in 0-10 cm at Kungaon. Significant correlation were observed between earthworm density and biomass with soil temperature, and soil organic content in the present investigation.

2 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

009074   Bikshapathi V;Surender Reddy K;Narsimha Rao L (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh) : Post helminth infection changes in the liver proteases activity in Calotes versicolor due to intestinal infection. Asian J Bio Sci 2007, 2(1-2), 167-70.

In the post helminth infection, the proteases activity level changes have been studied in the liver ofCaloles versicolo'r'diue to the intestinal-infection with trematode, Proteocephalus beddardi. The biochemical parameters that have been investigated are Acidic, Basic and Neutral proteases. All these parameters showed an increase in the liver of infected animals. The increase of substrate content enzyme and the activity levels of enzymes suggest that in the liver the rate of proteases activity is greatly enhanced. This indicates that liver plays an active role in metabolic changes that occurred due to helminth infestation. The increase of protease activity indicate that biochemical adaptations of hosts to combat the parasitic effect.

3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

009073   Benarjee G;Laxma Reddy B;Rajender G;Swamy M; Rao N J R (Fisheries Research Lab, Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: gbsss@yahoo.co.in) : Observations on the functional significance of histological and histochemical components in oesophagus of a freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(3), 481-6.

Study has been made to elucidate the histomorphological and Histochemical components in the oesophagus of freshwater cat fish, Clarias batrachus. The histological observations revealed that the oesophagus consists typical four layers i.e., mucosa, submucosa, muscularis layer and serosa. The mucous layer consists of undifferentiated cells. The epithelial cells differ in their structure from anterior to the posterior region of the oesophagus. The circular muscle bundles occupy major part and impart abundant thickness to the oesophagus. Due to this thickness the oesophagus has attained contractile and expansion ability. The histochemical tests applied on the oesophageal sections revealed the presence of elastin, collagen, acid mucopolysaccharides, neutral mucopolysaccharides and hyaluronic acid. The weak and strong acid mucopolysaccharides were also identified in the esophagus. The occurrence of sialornucins and sulphate mucous substances revealed their significance in the physiological function of oesophageal part of digestive tract.

10 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

009072   Basak P K;Pal T K (Zoology Dep, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata-700 064, Email: basak.prabir@rediffmail.com) : Beetles (Coleoptera) associated with stored products in Kolkata, India 1. genus Carpophilus stephens (Nitidulidae). Entomon 2007, 32(1), 17-24.

Six species of Carpophilus Stephens are reported from 18 different commodities. Of these, Carpophilus frcemani Dobson, C. obsoletus Erichson, C. pilosellus Motschulsky, C. delkeskampi Hisamatsu and C. marginellus Motschulsky are new records from stored products in India. Diagnostic features, distribution and habitat records of all six species are dealt with and a key to these species of Carpophilus is given.

1 illus, 10 ref

009071   Alexander Jesudasan R W;Anto Claver M (Zoology Dep, Madras Christian College, Chennai-600 059) : Ant fauna associated with whiteflies in some locales of eastern and western ghats in two southern states of Inda. Entomon 2007, 32(1), 61-5.

List of whiteflies attracting ant species on wide range of flora in some localities of Eastern and Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu and Kerala is provided. The ecotypic diversity of ant tending whiteflies such as Aleuromarginatus sp., Aleuroclava sp., Sphericaleyrodes indica, and Rhachisphora sp. on the host plants was influenced by species of tending ants. The whitefly, Aleuroclava sp. inviting ant species were totally different in the same host plant of distant localities whereas the whitefly Aleuromarginatus sp. attracting ant species in the nearby localities were similar. The whitefly Rhachisphora sp. attracted diverse ant species from different localities.

1 table, 8 ref

009070   Abhiranjan Kumar;Pandey B N (Zoology Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh-Gaya) : Haematological studies following to hormonal treatment in a freshwater teleost, Channa gachua (Ham.). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(2), 283-87.

Treatment of T₄, T₃ methyl- testosterone, hydrocortisone, ACTH, adrenaline, phentolamine and growth hormone (GH) brought significant (P<60>0.05) increase in TEC counts, Hb, PCV and oxygen carrying capacity, as compared to control group. The MCV, MCHC and SAE showed decreasing trend. Thiouracll failed to alter changes in these parameters.

1 table, 20 ref

008274   Verma V;Yogendra Prasad;Singh B R (Animal Science Dep, M.J.P. Rohilkhand Univ, Bareilly-243 122) : Serological and epidemiological characterization of Flavobacterium columare isolates isolated from infected catfish of sub Himalayan region. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 45-55.

Twenty isolates (F1-20) of Flavobacterium columnare have been isolated from the symptomatic catfish of sub Himalayan region. Most of them were found to be virulent and exhibited more or less similar biochemical characters. There were slight variations in the antibody titers of the same age, length and weight group of fishes challenged with the H and O antigens. Slide agglutination and ELISA tests were found reliable for the detection of monospecific polyclonal antisera raised in appropriate host. In artificially challenged fishes there were decline in titers from 0 to 3 days, an indication that existing antibodies possibly mopped up with inoculated bacterial cells while successive rise in antibody titers from 3rd days onwards manifests about antibody formation in response to the proliferating bacterial pathogens. Prevalence and virulence nature of the pathogens have been evaluated and presented in this paper.

8 illus, 28 ref

008273   Verma V;Yogendra Prasad;Singh B R (Animal Science Dep, M.J.P. Rohilkhand Univ, Bareilly-243 006) : Characteristics of flavobacterium and myxobacterium isolated from the fresh water catfish. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 9-21.

Fish mortalities were recorded in the different water bodies of Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions. To know the prevalence of Flavobacterium and Myxobacterium, 2600 catfishes were screened and examined thoroughly for being symptomatic and 20 isolates of Flavobacterium and 8 isolates of Myxobacterium have been isolated from symptomatic Clarias batrachus and Heteropneustes fossilis. All most all the isolates (F1-F20) were identical in their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics with few exceptions to those of F. columnare. Isolation of F. columnare needs low nutrient level medium because this bacterium grows poorly on conventional medium. Myxobacterium was also found persistently associated with symptomatic catfishes suffering from advance form of myxobacteriosis. AH most all the isolates (M1-M8) were identical in their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics with few exceptions to those of Myxobacterium sp. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Flavobacterium and Myxobacterium are presented in this paper.

2 illus, 2 tables

008272   Tripathi G;Dabi I;Kachhwaha N (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: drgst@rediffmail.com) : Kinetic properties of lactate dehydrogen ase from three species of earthworms. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 325-30.

Kinetic properties of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from three earthworm species, Metaphire posthuma, Perionyx sansibaricus and Lampito mauritii were analyzed' spectrophotometrically. The LDH activity from Perionyx sansibaricus showed minimum Vmax with pyruvate or NADH as substrate. The anaerobic dehydrogenase of M. posthuma showed maximum Vmax. The Km of LDH of P. sansibaricus with pyruvate or NADH substrate was higher than that obtained from L. mauritii. The Km of LDH from M. posthuma showed minimum value. This indicates the high affinity of enzyme from M. posthuma and least affinity from P. sansibaricus. The present study suggests higher anaerobic metabolism in M. posthuma due to endo-anecic nature as compared to epigeic (P. sansibaricus) and anecic (L. mauritii) earthworms.

6 illus, 9 ref

008271   Tripathi G;Chauhan J S;Shasmal J;Kachhwaha N (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: drgst@rediffmail.com) : Cypermethrin induced changes in protein content of brain, liver and skeletal muscle of a freshwater fish. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 313-16.

The effects of sublethal concentration of cypermethrin on protein content of brain, liver and skeletal muscle of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus were studied. Cypermetfirin significantly increased protein content of these tissues. Liver and skeletal muscle showed almost similar increase in the protein profile. This increase in protein concentration may be to compensate the damages caused by the pesticide.

1 illus, 23 ref

008270   Thamilmani K;Anbu K;Subramanian P (Zoology Dep, A.A. Govt. Arts College, Musiri-621 201) : C:N Ratio and mineral profile of some folklore medicinal plants of aphrodisiac importance from Tamil Nadu India. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 85-92.

Nitrogen related carbon level indicate the rate of synthesis or organic production in the plants. Organic carbon and nitrogen are the essential nutritive elements in the construction of any living system. Generally the plants C:N ratio reveals the health of the plant, the lower C:N ratio gain more edible value. Organic matter with high C:N ratio can stimulate microbial growth thus induce nutrient deficiencies in plants. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, protein contents were analyzed from 11 different plants (or its parts) representing 9 families of aphrodisiac importance, abundantly available in Tamil Nadu State. The C:N ratio was calculated for each plant and reported here along with the source and use of carbon nitrogen availability to plants. Then the plant materials were screened using AAS and Flame photometer to quantify Mn, Fe, Ba, Na, K. The dominant heavy metals exhibit individual plant related variations in their concentrations.

1 table, 1 illus, 33 ref

008269   Soni K K;Shrivastava V K (Biosciences Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026, Email: kapilsonivds@yahoo.co.in) : Sodium fluoride induced histopathological changes in thyroid gland of male Mus musculus. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 317-20.

15 adults male Mus musculus were exposed with sodium fluoride (Naf, 1.5 ppm) through drinking water for the period of 15 and 30 days and histopathological changes were observed in thyroid gland. Thyroid exposed with Naf (1.5 ppm) up to 15 days showed hypertrophied epithelial cells with less amount of cytoplasmic materials as compare to control group. While, the more severe effects were observed in the thyroid of Naf treated up to 30 days characterized by degenerative changes in parenchymal cells and lymphocytic infiltration. Few hypertrophied cells were also noticed with large amount of colloid in the lumen. These observations suggest that Naf impairs the functional activity of thyroid gland in male Mus musculus by affecting directly on the gland or through hypothalamohypophysial thyroidal axis.

3 illus, 17 ref

008268   Soltanzadeh M;Soltani F;Habbi M (Anesthesia Dep, Ahwaz Joundi shapour Univ, Medical Science, Ahwaz, Iran) : Reasons for cancellations and delays of surgical procedures in ophthalmology. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 125-8.

The cause of cancellation of scheduled surgical procedure at Ophthalmology Hospital, Ahwaz was studied during 2004 - 2005. The highest rate of 20% ophthalmology surgical cancellation was due to changing surgeon decision.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

008267   Singh J P N;Singh A P;Srivastava A K;Singh A K (Zoology Dep, S.M.M. Town P.G. College, Ballia-277 001) : Fish gills: indicators of water pollution. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 41-44.

Histopathological effects of sublethal dose of heavy metal cadmium have been studied on the gills of Ompok bimaculatus. Dissociation of lamellar and filamentary epithelia to expose their microvasculature, fusion of lamellae to reduce their surface area and increase density and dimension of mucous cells in Ompok bimaculatus are indicator of disturbed fresh water ecosystem due to the use of heavy metal cadmium. Telangietatic secondary lamellae are the pathological state of fresh branchial organization caused by the toxic ambient water. Such physical trauma of the gill can also be used as a potential indicator of the ecodegradation of aquatic ecosystem.

15 ref

008266   Singh J P N;Daya Shankar;Archana Singh (Zoology Dep, R. H. S. College, Singramau, Jaunpur-222 175) : Impact of chlordecone on branchial mucous cells of Channa striatus. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 69-72.

Mucous cells show sharp reflex in their shape, size and density which is due to intensive rate of synthesis of secretory contents and exhaustic secretions to overcome the stress of toxic insecticide. Mucous cells form a barrier layer of slime over the gill lamellae in order to delay the penetration of toxic insecticide atleast for short period. Enhancement in the intensities of acid glycoproteins is to increase lubrication and prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisma. The slimy covering restrict the entry of insecticide.

27 ref

008265   Singh J P N;Anil Kumar (Zoology Dep, R.H.S. College, Singramau, Jaunpur-222 175) : Histological and histochemical study of sacciform cells in the epidermis of Chanda ranga. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 79-84.

The granular contents of sacciform cells of Chanda ranga are mainly proteinaceous in nature and is elastin like. Elastin has capacity to absorb much greater amount of water when mixed with glycoprotein ad therefore keeping the skin surface moist relatively for longer periods. It also assist the function of glycoproteins to retard the surface drag facilitating in swimming. The noxious substances as tetrodotoxin may be directed against microorganism. Tryptophan acts as antibody.

1 tabel, 4 illus, 31 ref

008264   Singh A P;Anil Kumar;Srivastava A K;Singh J P N (Zoology Dep, S.M.M.T.D. (P.G.) College, Ballia-277 001) : Toxic impact of heavy metal 'cadmium' on taste buds in the gills of a cat fish: Ompok bimaculatus. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 231-6.

The taste buds of gill arch region of Ompok bimaculatus helps in detecting the nazardous chemicals that could enter buccal and gill cavity during the respiration. Effect of lethal concentration (LC50 96h, mg/l) of heavy metal cadmium on taste bud in gill arch region of a catfish, Ompok bimaculatus was studied. Presence of glycoproteins in the taste buds indicate a secretory function of taste buds and has been postulated to maintain and regulate the chemical microenvironment, to protect mucous or other glycoproteins in the taste bud cells and inside the taste pore from premature enzymatic degradation and to have hormone like paraneuronal function. Closing of taste pore, disintegration of taste hairs and cellular components of taste buds and decline in glycoprotein moieties during exposures of cadmium chloride has been association with great reduction in the ability fish to sense the chemical nature of surrounding water and food available in a particular feeding zone.

33 ref

008263   Singh A;Anil Kumar;Singh H S;Singh J P N (Zoology Dep, T.D.(P.G.) College, Jaunpur-222 002) : Response of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) on acidophil cells in gills of a cat fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 211-16.

Increase in density and dimension of acidophil cells has been observed in gills of H. fossllis exposed to sublethal concentration of herbicide 2,4-D at different duration of treatment. The change in number and size of acidophil cells has been correlated to cope with the poisoned aquatic environment.

33 ref

008262   Sharma P;Alok Kumar;Ajay Kumar (Chemistry Dep, Chinmaya College of Science, Haridwar-249 403) : Effect of dietary glutathione intake on chromium induced lipid peroxidation in liver of rats. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 93-6.

Effect of oral feeding of glutathione on lipid peroxidation in chromium (Cr) induced damaged liver has been studied in rats, Rattus rattus albino. Exposure of chromium caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. Supplementation of glutathione to chromium fed rats, induced protection against injured liver as evidenced by a significant inhibition in malonaldialdehyde content in liver.

1 table, 28 ref

008261   Shanthala M;Hosetti B B;Stott R (Applied Zoology P.G. Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Biosciences Block, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Email: shanth79@yahoo.co.in) : Removal of helminth parasitic eggs from waste stabilization ponds at Shimoga. Bioscan 2007, 2(1), 9-14.

Helminth ova removal rates from waste stabilization pond effluents under tropical conditions of Shimoga using both laboratory and field modal ponds was undertaken. The helminthes were removed to the tune of 100% from laboratory model batch system ponds within 15 days of detention time and it was only 65% in case of laboratory model continuos flow system ponds. The observation in field model ponds revealed an average 90% removal with 10 days retention time. A 100% removal can not be expected both in continuous flow system laboratory model and field pond systems as these receive daily fresh load of helminth eggs through influent sewage. The helminth ova are usally removed from waste stabilization ponds systems through sedimentation process. It is because the helminth eggs attached to the suspended solids and when these solids settle to the bottom, the eggs are also removed from pelagic water. In the present study eggs of 4 helminth species viz. Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana and Enterobius vermicularis were encountered. Their rate of ova removal in batch system ponds was 99%, 97.4%, 94.9% and 98.8% for respective species. Presence of these ova in the sewage water indicates the prevalence of infection in city population.

7 tables, 15 ref

008260   Selvarajan N;Hemalatha S;Ramesh Kumar T; Milton Prabhu S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: miltonprabhu@yahoo.co.in) : Antihepatotoxic effect of Vernonia cinerea against cadmium induced toxicity in rats. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 23-32.

The purpose of this work has to evaluate the hepatoprotective effective of Vernonia cinerea flower extract against cadmium induced toxicity in rats. 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium for 28 days produced a significant hepatic damage as evidenced by the increased level of liver lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased level of hepatic enzymatic (SOD, CAT and GPx) and non enzymatic (GSH) antioxidants. Co-administration of V. cinerea extract (100 mg/kg body wt. for 28 days) significantly regulated the cadmium induced biochemical alterations and minimized the oxidative stress.

1 illus, 1 table, 51 ref

008259   Ramesh Kumar T;Kannan S;Muniyan M;Milton Prabu S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Impact of heavy metal mercury on protein metabolism in Laccotrephes ruber (Linn.)(Heteroptera: Nepidae) in relation to reproduction. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(1), 73-7.

The effects of sublethal concentration heavy metal mercury (9 ppm for 96h) exhibited a significant decline in the contents of protein and amino acid in the fat body, haemolymph and ovary. The toxicity impact of mercury on Laccotrephes ruber was appropriate to be comparatively higher than any other insects, since it has it own tolerance limit beyond 96h (9 ppm) concentration in the aquatic environment. This suggests that the nontarget organisms like Laccotrephes ruber could be used as an effective indicator to assess the extent the mercury pollution in the aquatic environment.

2 tables, 2 illus, 16 ref

008258   Rajvanshi S;Garg V (Biosciences and Biotechnology Dep, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304 022, Email: surbhi_rajvanshi2002@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of plant Prosopis cineraria extract against E. coli. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 271-6.

The study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic and Aqueous crude extract of stem bark, pods and flowers of Prosopis cineraria against E.coli causing urogenital tract infection. In comparison with standard synthetic antibiotic viz tetracycline, penicillin (20mcg/perplate), E.coli showed varying degree of susceptibility to these plant extracts at concentrations 800,1000,1200 mg/ml. Moreover, a correlation analysis between'diameter of inhibition zone formed and intensity of microbial activity suggests that alcoholic crude extract of stem bark, pods and flowers at all concentrations show more stronger antimicrobial effect than that of their aqueous extracts (alcoholic extract<62>aqueous extract). In both the cases, the response was dose-specific. The study indicates the potential use of the stem bark, pod and flower extracts in the management of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli.

1 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

008257   Rajasekhar M;Nanda Kumar N V (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: drmrsekhar@rediffmail.com) : A new finding of the occurrence of golden gecko Calodactylodes aureus) in the rock boulders near vellore town. Bioscan 2007, 2(1), 61-2.

Golden geckos (Calodactylodes aureus) are reported for the first time in the rock boulders near Vellore Town, North Arcot district of Tamilnadu,lndia. Vellore Town is surrounded by small hillocks with huge boulders. Those hillocks which are elevated at 50 to 100 meters are locations. A survey was made within fifteen kilometers radius towards east of Vellore town.Surprisingly golden geckos are observed in these locations contrary to the habitat described earlier. Hence the report emphasizes that golden geckos can also be seen in dry, drought and high temperature zones where huge rock boulders are present and not only in the mountains of high altitudes with high rainfall and humidity.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

008256   Raghavan R;Anwar Ali P H;Prasad G (Aquaculture Dep, St Albert's Coll, Kochi-682 018) : Need for a comprehensive re-assessment of the conservation status of critically endangered (?) freshwater fishes of Kerala. Curr Sci 2007, 92(6), 721-3.

1 illus, 20 ref

008255   Pugazhendy K;Jayanthi C;Susila Devi M; Jayachandran K (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Effect of lead intoxication of acetyl cholinesterase activity in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio (Linn) fingerlings. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 309-12.

The effect of sublethal concentration of lead acetate (0.52 mg/I) was examined on the level of acetyl cholinesterase in gill, brain, liver, kidney and muscle tissues of a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. The stress caused by lead led to significant decrease in acetyl cholinesterase of all the tissues investigates, the role of selected tissues acetyl cholinesterase activity during lead intoxication is also discussed.

1 table, 16 ref

008254   Prasad S K;Qureshi T N;Thakur S K;Batham U (School of Studies in Zoology aand Biotechnology, Vikram Univ, Ujjain-456 010, Email: drskprasad2006@rediffmail.com) : Circadian phase relation of serotonin and dopamine influences hypothalamic neurosecretory cells in spotted munia, Lonchura punctulata. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 193-8.

Dorsolateral and periventricular divisions of paraventricular nucleus were studied following circadian phase relation of serotonergic and dopaminergic activity in spotted munia Lonchura punctulata, during quiescent phase of reproductive cycle. Gomori's chrome-alum hematoxyline-phloxin (CHP) staining techniques were used to localize and evaluate the nature and content of the neurosecretory materials. Little neurosecretory materials were showed in the neurosecretory cells of saline treated control birds and the diameter of the cells were less but the neurosecretory cells (NSC) of the birds treated with 5-HTP and L-DOPA at 12-h interval showed more in diameter with heavily loaded or containing large amount of neurosecretory materials.

4 illus, 30 ref

008253   Pazhanisamy K;Vasanthy M;Indra N (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: pazhani_zooo@yahoo.com) : Bioaccumulation of arsenic in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Ham.). Bioscan 2007, 2(1), 67-9.

Bioaccumulatiomnm of arsenic in the fish- Labeo rohita, was investigated after exposure to two sub lethal concentration of arsenic trioxide (1/10th- 0.27 ppm and ; 1/3rd - 0.91 ppm of the 96 h LC50) for 7th,-14th, 21st&" 28th days. The highest/ maximum level of accumulation of arsenic was seen in the liver whereas the lowest level of arsenic had been accumulated in the muscle tissues at the end of 28 days of exposure period. It is clear that arsenic has been accumulated primarily in the liver tissues of L. rohita exposed to sublethel concentration of arsenic. The present investigation indicates that the rate of accumulation of arsenic was found to be dose and time dependent.

1 table, 26 ref

008252   Nehar S (Zoology Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi-834 008, Email: snehar1805@yahoo.co.in) : Regulation of serum cortisol by somatostatin: evidence of neuroendocrine control of adrenal gland in amphibia. Bioscan 2007, 2(1), 51-3.

The role of somatostatin in plasma cortisol level in Rana tigrina (amphibia,anura) has been investigated. An inhibitory impact on both, intact (16.32%) as well as pharmacologically annuled frogs(23.27%) has been recorded. It is concluded that in both the conditions, it act as a preventive agent to counteract any excess secretion of cortisol due to the failure of classical regulatory mechanism.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

008251   Neeta Rani;Raipat B;Sharan L (Zoology Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi-834 008, Email: latikasharanru@sify.com) : Cadmium chloride induced dose and duration dependent biomass variation in Nostoc punctiforme Ag. in culture. Bioscan 2007, 2(1), 47-9.

Bioaugmentation is one of the essential components of bioremediation, a biotechnological method f recent origin. Bioaugmentation is the process of introducing a known veriety of bioremedial agent into contaminated environment to initiate and sustain a specific bioremedial process. Deals with the biomass production of Nostoc punctiforme under the influence of different concentrations of cadmium chloride in laboratory culture. The success of bioremedial process by N. punctiforme depends upon its faiomass production, which in due course removes the heavy metal. In control culture the biomass of N. punctiforme as mg /50ml varied from 13.79 (0 day) to 22,88(25th day). The corresponding values for 0.01 and 0.5 ppm cadmium chloride treatment after 25 days were 20.68, 14,98 and 10,01 mg/50ml respectively/indicating a decline in biomass of N. punctiforme with increase in concentration. A two way ANOVA revealed the variation of biomass with respect to concentration and duration of treatment statistically significant (F= 10.494, df5,3; p<60>0'.001 and F= 20.004, df 5,3; p<60>0.001). The results indicate better perfomance of N. punctiforme at lower concentrations.

4 tables, 10 ref

008250   Milan;Arora M P (Zoology Dep, M.M.H. College, Ghaziabad-201 001) : Annual ovarian changes in Passer domesticus. Biochem Cell Archs 2007, 7(2), 281-8.

Birds are exclusively oviparous and lay large polylecithal egg. There is a pair of ovaries but only one remains functional and other rudimentary. The functional ovary undergoes a clear cut annual changes in size, colour and even histologically. Developing oocytes are present all around the year, however, mature ova are visible only during breeding season. In post-breeding season there is a marked reduction in the size, colour and histology of ovary.

8 illus, 44 ref